History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. II, Part 114

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton) ed. cn
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Philadelphia : J. W. Lewis & Co.
Number of Pages: 1226

USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. II > Part 114

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time during a period varying from a few days to two or three weeks. The first shot over, the war fairly commenced, and the history of Stoneham was like that of almost every other Massachusetts town. She sent Captain Sprague and Major Joseph Bryant to represent her in the Provincial Congress aud General Court.

Her sons were with Montgomery of Quebec. They witnessed the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga ; were at Rhode Island ; in camp on Winter Hill; and formed part of the Continental army on the Hudson. William Connery was probably in the battle of Bun- ker Hill, William Deadman was taken prisoner at Fort Washington. Among the soldiers in the subse- quent years of the Revolution were Joseph Bryant, William Deadman, Samuel Brown, John Boyd, Will. iam Connery, Reubeu Geary, Henry Hawks, John Hill, Daniel Holdeu, Samuel Ingalls, John Knight, John Noyes, David Blodgett, David Geary, Aaron Putnam, Joseph Geary, Joseph Bryant, third, John Bryaut, Samuel Call, Elias Bryant, Daniel Bryant, Aaron Parker, Benjamin Taylor, Johu Thayer, Ben- jamin Eaton, Jouathan Farley, Thomas Hay, Eli McIntire, Joseph Matthews, Jacob and George Brown, Peter Hay, Thomas Hadley, Ralph Doyle, John Hol- den, Daniel Hay, Joseph Holdeu, Ephraim Wood- ward, Ebenezer Bryant, Samuel Clapp, John Wright, Jabez Upton, David Gould, John Bucknam, Richard Holden, Samuel Howland, James Weston, Joshua Geary, Job, John and Titus Potamia, Isaiah Barjona, Cato and Sharper Freeman, and Cato and Pomp Green, of whom the last eight were negroes, and some of them obtained their liberty by enlisting in the army. Some of these men probably were not citizens of Stoneham, but were hired by the town. Among her military officers were Major (afterwards Colonel) Joseph Bryant, Captain Abraham Gould, Lieutenant Jobu Bucknam, Lieutenant (afterwards Colonel) Joshua Burnham, Lieutenant Daniel Bryant, Captain Josiah Green and Lieutenant John Holden. No likenesses are known to exist of any of these men, so it is interesting to read the description of some of them and imagine, so far as we may, what was their personal appearance. Iu 1780 Reuben Geary was nineteen years old, five feet six inches high, light complexion.

"Joseph Matthews, 31 years old, 6 feet high, light complexion ; George Brown, 17 years old, 5 feet, 3 inches high, light complexion ; Joseph Holden, 17 years old, 5 feet, 7 inches, light complexion ; Jolin Holden, 19 years old, sandy complexion ; Daniel Bryant, 20 years old, dark complexion ; Daniel llay, 38 years old, dark complexion. In 1778 -- John Hill, 16 years old, 5 feet, 1 inch ; Jacob Brown, 28 years old, 5 feet."

John Noyes and William Connery went forth from their homes never to return. Ephraim and George Brown and John Noble were prisoners of war. The names of ninety-eight different Stoneham men appear upon the Revolutionary muster rolls. During these years, the town was constantly purchasing stocks of ammunition, furnishing supplies to the army, raising

480

HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.

bounties with which to pay soldiers, and with an un- flagging zeal supporting the common cause. In town-meeting December 22, 1773, it was resolved, "first, that it is the opinion of this town that Great Britain has no right to lay a tax on Tea or any other article imported from Great Britain to raise a revenue payable in America, without our eonsent. 2. Re- solved that the late measures of the East India Com- pany in sending Tea to the colonies loaded with duty to raise a revenue from America, are to all intents and purposes, so many attempts iu them and all em- ployed by them to tax the Americans. Therefore, 3, Resolved, that the proceedings of the inhabitants of Boston and other towns in the Province for oppos- ing the landing of this Tea are rational ; and they are highly honored and respeeted by this town for their firmness in support of American liberty and that we are ready with our lives and interest to assist them in opposing these and all other measures to enslave our country. 4. Resolved, that we the inhabitants of this town, will purchase no Tea imported from Great Britain so long as it is subject to a duty payable in North America for raising a revenue. Voted that the committee of correspondenee of this town be de- sired to obtain from the town clerk's office an attested copy of this day's resolves and forward the same to the committee of correspondence at Boston." The emoluments of public men during the early days of the Revolution could not have have been very tempt- ing if we may judge from the amount voted to Cap- tain Samuel Sprague who had been a delegate to the Provincial Congress. He was allowed four pounds fourteen shillings and four pence lawful money for his time and expenses during twenty-seven and one- half days, or the munificent sum of about fifty-seven cents a day.

Under date of September 6, 1775, the town voted " to choose a committee to take care, to get the wood earried to the army which the General Court has ordered the town of Stoneham to furnish." Agaiu in July, 1776, the town voted " to give something in ad- ditiou to what the General Court had provided to en- courage men to enlist to go to Canada. In the expe- dition against Canada, Stoneham was required to fur- nish twelve men.

In 1777 Captain Abraham Gould, Lieutenant John Bucknam and Lieutenant Daniel Bryant were chosen a committee " to hire men for the war in time to come if men are needed."

On June 29, 1778, two hundred and twenty pounds were raised " to pay those men belonging to the towu who have been hired by other towus to go into the army if we hold them and it is needed." At auother meeting later in the same year, eleven hundred pounds were raised to pay soldiers. It must be re- membered these large figures represent a eurrency which had become greatly inflated, and was of a con- stantly diminishing value as resting upon a specie basis. As the war progressed, the country beeame

depleted in men and resources, and provisions became scarce, requiring great economy, as appears from action of the town in April, 1779, when they voted to choose a committee " to make scarch in the town of Stoneham to see if there be any quantity of grain belonging to any person more than need for his own use." In the same year eighteen hundred dollars were raised to defray the charges of the war already incurred." The people were compelled to exercise continual vigilance, there being times when it was feared the enemy might make an attack as is shown by a vote passed in 1778, " that when any of the inhabitants of the town of Stoneham draw ammunition from the town stock upon an alarm, Deacon Edward Bucknam shall fixthe price thereof ; and if the price be not satisfactory to the receivers, they may after the alarm receive this money again, on their returning as mueh ammunition as they had taken out if equally good." In 1780 five hundred and fifteen pounds were raised to pay the money that had already been expended to hire men for the war. October 9, 1780, it was voted " to raise three thousand seven hundred pounds for beef for the army." Deaeon Daniel Green was authorized to hire money to pay sol- diers that may be needed for the war. In 1781 it was voted "to raise thirty-seven thousand five hundred dollars of the old emission to pay in part the soldiers that are now ealled to serve for this year." And so one may go through the town records from 1775 to the close of the Revolutionary War and he will find them filled with the patriotic aetion of our forefathers. However mueh they may have been divided upon other questions, they were unanimous in the support of the government. It was the proudest heritage that could be handed down to their descendants. Some- thing of the condition of the town in 1778 may be re- alized when it is remembered that there were then eighty-seven ratable polls, seventy-five dwelling- houses, six hundred and fifty-six acres of up-land mowing, oreharding and tillage, fifteen hundred and seventy-four aeres of meadow, twenty-one hundred and one acres of pasture land, three hundred and forty - eight aeres of woodland, ninety-one ounces of plate, fifty-five horses, ninety-six oxen, two hundred and fifty-nine eows, one hundred and fifteen steers and other horned cattle, nine hundred and eighty- nine sheep, one hundred and twenty-eight swine, four chaises, five hundred and twelve bushels of grain, three thousand and eleven bushels of corn and one hundred and seventy-three barrels of eider. The in- habitants of 1784 and their comparative wealth ap- pears from the taxes of that year.

Polls. Real Estate. Personal Estate.

£. s. d.

" Deacon Edward Bucknam

Lt. John Bucknam

54 10

2 3 4

Ebenezer Bucknam

Jonathan Green .

2 12 13

1 2 5

Captain Josiah Green

19 9 4

1 14 10

Jacob Gould

29 7

4 0 7

Nathan Willey

1 12 0 0 0 15 0

Anthony lladley

2 700

0 5 8

481

STONEHAM.

Polls. Real Estate. Personal Estate.

£, s. d.

£. s. d.

Lt. John Holden

15 0 0

1 5 10

Samnel Holden

8 6 S 00

0 16 4

Elisha Knight .

13 10

0 12 4

Ebenezer Lawrenee

18 15

6 18 8

John Green

5 0 0

1 12 10

Samnel Ingalls

9 3

0 8 10

Captain Samuel Sprague

23 6

0 18 11

Thomas Vinton

11 13 4

110

David Gould

11 5 0

114

Jobn Knight

2 18

Timothy Matthews

6 13

0 11 5

David Geary, Jr.

1 15 0

Peleg Taylor

0 8 7

Timothy Vinton

1 2 8

4 19 6

Ezra Vinton

17 0 0

1 3 8

Ensign Timothy Wright

11 13 10

Lt. Timothy Wright

18 13 2

2 0 8

Samnel Call

16 4 0

0 6 3

John Mitchell .

24 13 6

1 3 4

Benjamin Richardson

100

Thomas Green

5 0 0

0 9 11

John Geary

Jacob Cutler

14 10 0

2 13 5

Captain Abraham Gonld

Lt. John Geary

2S 6 8

1 2 10

David Geary

17 14 8

1 2 10

Daniel Gould, Jr.

40 0 0

1 17 6

Deacon Daniel Green

23 5 8

5 16

Captain Peter Hay .

18 9 10

Robert Converse

45 16 8

1 16 (

Ebenezer Nichols

Captain David Hay

19 3

1 17

Captain Peter Hay, Jr.

34 3 4

1 18 8

Peter Hay, Third

0 2 4

Caleb Richardson

12 10 0

1 9 11

Oliver Richardson .

12 10 0

17 1

Elijah Richardson .

12 6 0

1 9 5

Thaddeus Richardson

9 6 2

John Wright

19 2 8

0 15

Charles Richardson

9 62

0 12 10

Elias Bryant

11 13 2

0 19

Calvin Dike

18 11

3 1 6 5

Ephraim Brown

17 19 8

0 14 5

Joseph Bryant, Jr.

18 11

0 14 1

William Eaton

11 13 1

1 4 0

Nathaniel Wesson

150

0 5 9

Peter Gould, freeman

12 9 9

0 12 2

Timothy Hadley

13 18 4

0 13 9

Cato Eaton, freeman

John Hill

6 2 4

Joseph Matthews

Daniel Hay .

Jonas Parker

Silas Simons

36 8 0

1 7 11

Ephraim Pierce

37 10 0

133

James Edmunds

Thomas Gould

Samuel Brown

15 0 0

0 15 2

Darid Gould, Jr.

Jobu Hadley

031

" Elisha Knight,

Timothy Wright, Jr.,

Ephraim Brown,

David Hay,

Jolın Hadley.

"Assessors."

In 1776 the minister John Searl was dismissed and succeeded in 1785 by Rev. John Cleaveland, there being no ordained preacher during the war after the 31-ii

departure of Mr. Searl. As late as 1786 no new high- ways had been built, iu addition to those already described except a road from the meeting-house to Malden (now Melrose), along the general course of Franklin Street, east of Noble's Corner, which was laid out and accepted in 1781 as a particular or pri- vate way, and a cross road from the meeting-house to the road near the parsonage (now a portion of Pleasant Street). As has been said, there were mauy private ways, one extending from Malden (Melrose) line to Woburn line by the house of Captain Peter afterwards of Captain David Hay. In 1786 it was voted "to divide the town into 4 districts as respects highways, as follows: Captain Samuel Sprague is to mend the road from Medford line and Malden line till it reaches the road from Woburn which passes by Deacon Edward Bucknam's. Captain Abraham Gould is to mend the road from Reading line by Col. Joseph Bryant's house till it comes to Stoneham Meeting House, also the cross-road by the Burying Ground. Ezra Vinton is to mend the road from Mal- den line near Mr. Cook's house to Stoneham Meeting House, and from thence till it comes to the road that comes down by Lt. John Bucknam's house. Mr. Caleb Richardson is to mend the road from Woburn line near Lt. John Holden's till it comes to Reading line near Lt. John Geary's, and thence till it comes to Woburn line near Mr. Leathes."

Our ancestors in many respects were men of great virtue and were stern in their religious convictions, but in the amenities of life, Christian graces and gentle- ness of manners, great changes have taken place in one hundred years. Nothing illustrates this more aptly than the treatment accorded to the minister, John Cleaveland. He was a man of talent. No in- sinuations were made against his moral character. From the correspondence he appears to liave been a person of great self-possession, forbearance and dig- nity of character, and yet after the death of his wife, because he married a girl who had been a member, perhaps a domestic in his family, he was treated by the town like a thief and a pick-pocket. At one time they nailed up the door of the minister's pew, at an- other, covered the scat and chairs and the seat of the pulpit with tar. Not content with these indignities against the pastor, some one vented the general spite by inflieting an injury upon his horse, probably by cutting off his tail. The church stood by him, but the town voted to lock and fasten up the meeting- house against him, so that for a time public worship was held at the house of Deacon Edward Bucknam. They refused to raise his salary, requested him to re- linquish his ministry and leave the town, declined to furnish any reason, and rejected his proposition to call a council; but one was finally convened at the parsonage on the 30th of September, 1794, and they found:

"1. That Mr. Cleaveland's influence among this people is lost, and irrecoverably lost and that it has become necessary that his ministerial

1 122222 2 2 2

17 10 S

1 5 9

Jacob Gonld, Jr.

Col. Joseph Bryant

Ebenezer Bryant

Daniel Green, Jr.

482

HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.

connection with them be dissolved, and it is the advice of this council thit ho ask a dismission from his pastoral relations to them. 2. It ap- pears from the fullest and they trust from the most impartial examina- tion of the subject of which they aro capble, that Mr. Cleaveland hus given no just enuso for that nversion and opposition to him which in so violent, and very unprecedented a mnuner they havo displayed. 3. It appears to this council that Mr. Cleaveland's moral, Christian and min- isterial charnoter stands fairly and fiindly supported, and they cordially recommend him to the church and people of God wherever in the Provi- dence of God he may ho cast. 4. As Mr. Cleaveland has given to this people no just cause for that opposition to him which they discover, and which renders his removal from them necessary, and as his removal must be attended by great inconvenience and expense to him, it is the opinion of this council that he ought to receive a compensation, and they recom- mend it to the parties conccruod to choose mutually three judicious, impartial characters from some of the neighboring towns to estimate the damage to which Mr. Cleaveland is subjected by his removal. 5. That the select men of the town bc seasonably furnished with an at- tested copy of this result. Finally the council deeply impressed with the singular sacrifice which Mr. Cleaveland's friends make in parting with their valuable and beloved pastor beg leave to cxhort them to acknowledge the hand of God in this afflieting Providence as becomes Christians ; to maintain the order of Christ's house, and with unre- mitting ardor promote the interest of His kingdom. And now brethren we recommend you to God and to the word of His grace, who is able to build you up and to give you an inheritance among, them that are sanctified. Voted unanimously.

" ELIJAH PARISH, Scribe.

"Stoneham, 30th September, 1794."

Mr. Cleaveland was afterward settled in Rehoboth, and finally in Dunbarton, New Hampshire, where he died. At this council, it was necessary for the church to raise funds with which to furnish a suitable enter- tainment, and it is rather amusing to read that they pledged two silver communion cups "to Deacon Ed- ward Bucknam, and brother Abraham Gould," as se- curity for the money which they advanced for this purpose. Mr. Cleaveland was succeeded by Rev. John H. Stevens, who came from Methuen to Stoneham, and was installed November 11, 1795. The council met at Captain David Hay's tavern, and afterwards proceeded to the meeting-house, where the exercises took place. Rev. Mr. Prentiss, of the First Church of Reading, delivered the charge. Rev. Mr. Bradford, of the First Church of Rowley, preached the sermon. Rev. Mr. Litchfield, pastor of the church at Carlisle, made the consecrating prayer. Rev. Mr. Spalding, of the Tabernacle Church, Salem, made the introduc- tory prayer. Mr. Green gave the right hand of fel- lowship, and Rev. Mr. Aiken, of Dracut, made the concluding prayer.

Mr. Stevens was born in Canterbury, Conn., in 1766, and remembered when he was a boy nine years old seeing his brother, Darius, join the Connecticut troops as they were about marching to Massachusetts in the early season of 1775. This Darius Stevens was killed at the battle of Bunker Hill. Tradition says he was wounded and shot so that he could not stand, but kept firing at the British till he was finally despatched. Mr. Stevens filled the longest pastorate of any minister who was ever settled in Stoneliam, having had charge of the church here for thirty-two years, after which he preached a few years at the East Parish, Haverhill, and then returned, purchased the parsonage, and spent the last years of his life in

the home he loved so well, dying in 1851, at the age of eighty-five. Some of the pleasantest recollections of the writer's early boyhood are the times when he used to call with his father at the old house in the evening, hitch the horse and pass in through the shed and back hall to the sitting-room where his grand- father and grandmother werc generally seated in front of an open fire, presenting an ideal picture of beauti- ful old age. He was settled on a salary of two hun- dred and sixty-six dollars, with fifteen cords of wood and the use of the parsonage, and must have been a wonderfully good manager, when it is remembercd that on his meagre salary he reared a large family of children, lived well for those days, accumulated a competency sufficient to support him in the last years of his life, and left at the end quite a little property to his children. He was tall, had a fine and dignified presence, was a man of quick feelings, and at times preached with marked eloquence. Some of his ser- mons were printed and obtained a wide circulation. In the war of 1812 he was an ardent republican and preached a vigorous and patriotic sermon which form- ed part of the war literature of the time. It was de- livered on Fast Day, 1813, and the text was Judges 5: 23. "Curse ye Meroz," said the angel of the Lord, "curse ye bittterly the inhabitants, thereof ; because they came not to the help of the Lord ; to the help of the Lord against the mighty."

Stoneham has to-day a splendid system of public schools in which every citizen may justly be proud, but the educational facilities during the first hundred years were very limited, and the people could make no pretensions to literary attainments. Indeed, till . the middle of the present century, the only college graduates outside of the ministers were David and Samuel Green. One of the most distinguished off- spring of the old stock was Judge Fletcher, of the Supreme Court, who was not born here, but, on his mother's side, was descended from Jonathan Green.

In 1702 an organization was formed, which deserves to be remembered, and which flourished for about seventy years. It was known as the Stoneham Cir- culating Library, and was finally merged into the Stoneham Public Library. The first librarian was the Rev. Mr. Cleaveland, and for many years the books were kept at the parsonage. There were some histories, a very few novels, books of a miscellaneous character and several theological works, which seem to have been the kind of literature best adapted to the serious minds of our pious forefathers. There was Brown's Christian Journal, Doddridge's Sermons, Whitefield's Sermons, Hand of Providence, Remedies against the Fears of Death, The Death of Abel, Henry on Prayer, etc. Coming down now to the late years of the eighteenth and to the early years of the nineteenth century, we are reaching compara- tively recent times. The early settlers and the sol- diers of King Philip's War are almost forgotten. The heroes of the French and Indian Wars are either old

483

STONEHAM.

men or else repose in the silence of the grave. The pa- triots of the Revolution are still the active men of the town. The heroic age in America is a memory of the past, destined, however, to be revived again by the bugle blast of union and freedom in 1861.

The independence of the nation had been achieved, but the long and exhausting struggle of the Revolu- tion had drained the country of its resources and left the people little better than bankrupts. The continental money had become so inflated that it was finally redeemed one dollar for a hundred. The towns and individuals were overwhelmed with debt. General dissatisfaction prevailed. Attempts were made to obstruct the proceedings of the courts. The government was blamed and civil war threatened, which culminated in Shays' Rebellion. Conventions were held in the summer and autumn of 1786 under the pretence of setting forth the grievances of the people, and mobs gathered at the county seats from the various towns. One of these conventions was held at Concord on the 11th of September at which Captain Jonathan Green was sent as a delegate from Stoneham, having been instructed, however, that he should do nothing contrary to the Constitution. During the autumn and winter of 1785 and '87 an insurrection was threatened and the town was called upon again to furnish soldiers to protect the law and defend the State government. The insurgents were led by Luke Day of West Springfield and Daniel Shays of Pelham. Governor Bowdoin ordered Mid- dlesex to raise eight hundred men, out of forty-four hundred from the State, to protect the courts and suppress the insurrection, under the command of Major- General Benjamin Lincoln. "On the 25th of January, Shays, at the head of one thousand men, made an at- tempt to seize the arsenal at Springfield, but upon a discharge of cannon from the State troops under the command of Gen. Shepard, which killed four of the insurgents, the assailants fled in great haste and con- fusion and the rebellion was not long after completely suppressed." Stoneham with her accustomed public spirit in times of threatened war, voted to pay the men of her quota three shillings per day during the time of their service. The military company in Stoneham at that time was commanded by Captain David Hay. The first men went under charge of Lieutenant David Geary, followed on the 30th of January by another squad, and a few days later, it would appear, the town was called upon to furnish six additional men and a sergeant.

This company did not go as an organization, though they furnished men for the quota. At least during a portion of the time while the trouble existed one of the regiments was commanded by Colonel Joseph Bryant. At that time Colonel Bryant was the chief military personage of the town, and it may be inter- esting here to refer to one or two stories that are told of him, though the writer is unable to vouch for their truth ; but they were related to him in his youth. He

was graudson of Deacon Daniel Gould, who gave to him the Captain Buck farm. He was a man of con- siderable influence, was interested in military matters, and doubtless was an ardent patriot. A short time prior to the outbreak of the Revolution he had occa- sion to go to the marsh, as was customary in those days, for a load of salt hay. On his return he met some of the king's officers on horseback, who ordered him to turn out of the road and make room for them. Twisting the whip lash about his hand, straightening himself to his full height, and menacing defiance in bis attitude, he thundered out to them he should neither turn out for them nor all the king's army.

Another story is, that on a certain occasion, the governor called to the house to see him. He was at work in the field and his good wife somewhat awed by the presence of official greatness, and desirous that her husband should appear to good advantage, took his Sunday clothes and ran out to him with them ; but the doughty colonel possessed of good sense, and scouting false appearances, marched up to the gover- nor with his working clothes on his back and as we may suppose his Sunday clothes over his arm. In 1788 Captain Jonathan Green was sent as a delegate to the convention in Boston, which was called to ratify the constitution. This same year "Jonathan Green and others petitioned the selectmen to lay out a town-way from Ezra Vinton's barn to the southeast corner of the town, needed by them for the purpose of going to market and to mill," stating that for more than sev- enty years they and their predecessors had maintained such road at their own expense. The road was laid out and accepted the next year. It is the old road now in Melrose Highlands leading from Franklin Street near the Perkins' place, southerly towards the centre of the town, and into it ran a private way from Green Lane. In 1793 the school-house which had probably grown old and dilapidated, was sold, and the town, either in this or the succeeding year, built a new one twenty feet square and located it a little north of the meeting-house and east of the road. On the 25th of August, 1795, died Captain Jonathan Green, who for fifty years had been the most active man of the town in public affairs. He was the son of Jonathan and the grandson of Samuel Green, of Malden. He was born in Malden, November 23, 1719, and when a young boy removed with his father to Stoneham where he lived the rest of his life, except from 1769 to 1786 when he resided in Chelsea. With the exception of one year he was town clerk and town treasurer from 1748 to 1769, also from March 1789 till his death, except two years; twenty-five years in all. In these days there was no alms-house, and the custom prevailed at the annual town-meeting in March of putting up the paupers at public auction, and striking them off for board to the lowest bidder, a practice perhaps, insuring economy to the town, but not al- ways cheering to the victim. William Street was laid out in 1798 but not built till 1805. During the first

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History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. II, Part 114

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton) ed. cn Publication date: 1890 Publisher: Philadelphia : J. W. Lewis & Co. Number of Pages: 1226

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton) ed. cn
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Philadelphia : J. W. Lewis & Co.
Number of Pages: 1226