USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Needham > History of Needham, Massachusetts, 1711-1911 : including West Needham, now the town of Wellesley, to its separation from Needham in 1881, with some reference to its affairs to 1911 > Part 41
USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Wellesley > History of Needham, Massachusetts, 1711-1911 : including West Needham, now the town of Wellesley, to its separation from Needham in 1881, with some reference to its affairs to 1911 > Part 41
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
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The four principal appropriations given in the foregoing tables do not equal the amounts annually paid out by the town treasurer; for example, in 1850 he paid $5866.81, and the committee to reckon with him in the spring of 1851 re-
535
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
ported that the town owed him $875.64. Often a consid- erable outlay for a school-house, or other improvement, was not paid in one year, and after the Civil War money was voted to reduce the war debt.
Dwellings
Horses
Neat Cattle
Sheep
Swine
1865
485
328
442
14
1870
608
396
472
69
1880
949
545
619
1881
540
289
348
1890
63'
396
584
1180
1900
880
478
899
26
198
1905
94
415
736
28
354
1910
1029
364
407
22
301
No neat cattle under twelve months old, or sheep or swine under six months are assessed, or reported by the as- sessors. As only the larger flocks of poultry are assessed the figures as to fowls are of but little value, and the custom of counting each apartment, or suite of rooms, as a separate dwelling-house swells the number out of proportion to the inhabitants. The assessors say that this method of counting dwellings has been abandoned, but that it appears in earlier statistics. In 1872 only four sheep were assessed, and all of them belonged to George Kuhn Clarke, who in 1875 was the owner of the three sheep then on the list.
PRICES OF COMMODITIES
£ s. d.
1761 62 yards of "Cotton and Lining Cloath for Cloathing for - and Making up the of the Same" 10, IO.
Samuel Daggettcharge for shoeing a "pair of oxen" 8, 8. 4.
1764 Shoes for child Wool per pound 1, 22.
1771 Cloth for coat for a poor man IO.
I773 "for a pair of Breeches he found", refer- ring to Amos Fuller 2, 8.
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THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
Shirt Wool per pound 1774 Corn per bushel
£ s. d.
I, 4.
I, 4.
3.
WAR PRICES: -
1778 Indian corn per bushel
13.
same 12.
Tow Cloth per yard
3.
Wood per cord
1, 12.
same
3, 12.
Shoes for the Continental Army per pair
I2.
Soldiers' Shirts 19 yards of "lining Cloth"
9, 10.
Shoes per pair
2, 2.
Shirts for the soldiers, each
2.
Making three shirts
15.
Shoes per pair 1
1, 16.
Socks per pair
I, 4.
same
16.
Shirt for Josiah Lyon, a Continental soldier
3, 16.
Shift for poor woman
I, IO.
Cord of wood
15.
One and one half quires of paper
5, 8.
1779 "Blankitts" for the army, each 7, 10.
1781 Josiah Newell "for the Use of his Blan- kett about Two Years"
30.
Pig, silver IO, 4.
1782 Lieut. William Fuller money paid "for Shoeing Horfes Purchafed by ye Town for Publick Service" 15.
1 Jonathan Huntting made twelve pairs of shoes for the soldiers in the spring of 1778, for which he had an order the following year for £21, 12s., with the addi- tion of eighteen shillings for interest on his claim, which had waited nine months. The difference between the purchasing power of hard money and the currency of the war period is illustrated by this table, the reasonable figures representing the hard money prices.
537
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
£ s. d.
"going to Bofton One Day Refpecting holding James Farris as a Needham Man in a late Campaign". 6.
"Gun for Town bought of Mr Oliver Gay" 1775 I, 4.
PRICES AFTER THE WAR:
1783 Winding sheet for poor woman 4.
One half quire of paper for rates I.
1787 Wood, delivered, per cord 12, 6.
1789 Shoes per pair 7, 6.
Indian corn per bushel 4.
Mutton, per pound, charged the town by Moses Man, a butcher I.
1791 Wood, for school-house, per cord Meal per bushel 4.
12.
1794 Wood, for poor, per cord
15.
1795 '96 Wood, for poor, per cord Two barrels of cider for a poor man at $2.50
$3.33
5.
1798 Meal per bushel
I.
1801 Standing wood per cord 3. Indian Cotton per yard .25
1808 Israel Whitney, the shoemaker, charged the town for a pair of shoes for a man 2. 1814 Oak, or pine wood, delivered at school- houses, per cord 4.50
1829 "winter gown" for a poor woman 3.
Caberns and Post Offices
The most ancient tavern in Needham was that of Ben- jamin Mills, whose license was dated July 2, 1705, and whose house near the Lower Falls is mentioned by Judge Samuel Sewall in his famous diary as a place where the Royal Governors, and other dignitaries, were wont to refresh themselves when journeying to the inland towns of the Province.
On May 17, 1732, the town voted down propositions "to have three Taverns fet up in the Town this year", or to have two taverns, or even one. On October 28, 1755, a Resolve of the General Court became law, which authorized the Court of General Sessions of the Peace for Suffolk County to license Samuel Richards, of Needham, "Inn- holder", who had failed through sickness to renew his license at the proper time. On May 11, 1785, it was "the mind of the Town that the Selectmen Should Put the Law in Execution Refpecting thofe Perfons that Spend their time and Intreft Unnecefarily at Taverns, or elfewhere", and a similar vote was passed in 1791. Moses Mann was licensed to 'sell "foreign distilled Spirits at his Shop" for one year by "Th Gorham Supervifor of the Revenue for the District of Maffachufetts", countersigned by "Tho. Clarke Collector of the Revenue for the eighth Divifion of the third Survey, in the Diftrict of Maffachusetts" October 28, 1795.
Morse's Tavern, then in the limits of Natick, was much patronized before the Revolution, as was Bullard's, which latter was on Washington Street where is now the eastern
539
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
lodge of Wellesley College. Ensign Ephraim Bullard, the landlord of the tavern, died in 1779, and several of the Bullards appear to have been successful innkeepers. Major Moses Bullard, a brother of this Ephraim, removed to Boston, and kept the noted Sun Tavern there from 1789 to 1794.
Flagg's Tavern is still standing at the corner of Washington and Church Streets in Wellesley, and was kept a century ago by Solomon Flagg, Senior. He was father of our late town clerk, and came to Needham from Boston in 1805.
Colonel McIntosh entertained many people at his house on what was later Great Plain Avenue, and his son, Major Ebenezer, had the MeIntosh Tavern, on or near the site of the house of Charles Kingsbury Cutter, at the corner of Great Plain and Central Avenues, the latter road not then existing. Noyes Street was the old road.
The Major was succeeded by his son Francis, and he by Davis C. Mills, who had the tavern one year. Nathan McIntosh, son of the Major, followed Mills. Isaac Myrick was the last to keep a tavern on this spot, and after the building had been used for some years as a store by Rufus Mills and others it was burned in February, 1844. The tavern hall was a favorite place for dances, and Mr. McFar- land taught dancing there, and fiddled for the dancers. Mr. Miller, who drove the stage that ran through Dover, succeeded Mr. McFarland as the fiddler.
The Honorable Enos H. Tucker related to the writer anecdotes of the dances in this tavern. One winter, just before á party, the floor was washed and ice formed on it, with the result that while dancing a cotillion Abby Daniell slipped and fell. Mr. Tucker said that in the cotillion there were often two rows of young people extending the entire length of the hall. After the tavern was burned Ezra Fuller, Jr., built a house and store on the site, and he and his brother-in-law, Timothy Newell Smith, had a general store there. A part of this later building is now Mr. Cutter's house, but much changed, and the ell, the northern portion,
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540
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
was removed by Matthias Mills many years ago, and is now the residence of the Pierce family on Central Avenue, opposite the Gay farm.
Aaron Smith, Jr., known as "Hawk Aaron", removed to Plainfield, Connecticut, in 1799, but previously had kept tavern in his house on South Street, opposite High Rock Street; the house had been for many years the home of his uncle, Lieut. Aaron Smith. Isaac Felton had a hostelry near Smith's, on the north side of South Street, near Web- ster Street. Many people recall the old Felton house, but few now remember Isaac Felton, who died in 1842, aged sixty-three years.
Hoogs's Tavern, later known as Rice's Block, stood next to the railroad track at the Lower Falls, and was burned early in the morning of February 27, 1905. George W. Hoogs, a native of Newton, kept a tavern there for many years prior to 1850, and his family lived in what was then known as the "old part". Mr. Hoogs had a store and a bar in the southern portion, and in the hall above it Mr. M.Farland had a dancing school at times. The early tax collectors usually received taxes at Hoogs's Tavern one day each autumn.
The stage coaches regularly stopped at Wales's Tavern on the Newton side. This tavern had a second story that was larger than either the first or third, but was not an ancient building, and was burned on June 8, 1868. It stood on the corner of Washington and Wales Streets, and it was here that Nathaniel Prentiss Banks gave dancing lessons, including among his pupils some young people from Needham. The Metropolitan Park Commission removed a much older tavern on Wales Street in Newton. The moment one is half-way across the bridge formerly known as the Mills Bridge, going north, Walnut Street becomes Wales Street; the latter is a very short street.
Sargent's Tavern was at the junction of Washington Street and the Turnpike in Wellesley Hills, and was built about
541
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
1810. It was long owned by William Minot of Boston, who leased it to successive tavern-keepers. From 1846 to 1849 a hotel was taxed to Daniel Stone, and apparently it was the same that Mr. Minot had owned, as his name then dis- appeared from our tax lists. In later times the property was owned by John W. Shaw, who leased it. In 1834 this tavern was kept by John W. Slack, when the coming of the railroad influenced him to give it up. Among his successors have been Moses Crafts and Mr. Blanchard. Col. Lemuel Shepard, who came from Dedham, was a well-known land- lord of this hostelry, and it long bore his name. Mr. McBride was the tavern-keeper at one time, and during the Civil War Mrs. Tenney was the landlady. Dr. Newhall followed her, and is said to have built the large barn. In 1881 Elisha Livermore was the proprietor of the Elmwood Park Hotel, as the house was then called, and in 1908 Capt. Oliver C. Livermore kept it. In 1908 the estate was sold and was made a public park. The citizens of Welles- ley raised $10,000 by subscription for this object, and the town appropriated $10,000. Many meetings and social gatherings have been held in this house, which has been taken away, and in the thirties Meridian Lodge of Masons met there.
POST-OFFICES
The first post-office in Needham was established on May 17, 1826, and that day Rufus Mills was appointed post- master, and served to 1839. For some years he had the post-office in his house, now the home of the writer, but later removed it to Daniel Kingsbury's store, which is the dwelling-house now owned by Mrs. Marianna Whitney on Central Avenue, near what is popularly known as Dog Corner. Mr. Kingsbury, and later George E. Eaton, kept store there, and Mr. Eaton lived in the house. It was the custom of the tax collectors to sit a few hours each year at the different stores, taverns, and at the almshouse, and for
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THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
some years in the forties taxes were received at this store. When Mr. Mills first became postmaster the mail was brought once a week from the Upper Falls by Lemuel Mills, Jr., who went after it on horseback, but this was changed to twice a week, and later to three times.1
Israel Whitney succeeded Rufus Mills, and for some years had the office in his house, when he removed it to the newly erected Nehoiden Block. Mr. Whitney's methods were informal, and people helped themselves as they saw fit to the mail, which he spread on a table. Elbridge Smith of Evanston, Ill., who was born in Needham, wrote of Mr. Whitney in 1902: "the old Postmaster, Israel Whitney, who was Justice of the Peace and cobbled our shoes, would bring the mail, from his house close by, down to the school yard in his leather apron, with his specks on the end of his nose, which was pretty long, and the children would collect around him; he would then distribute the mail to the children, who in turn would take it where it belonged when they went home". In 1908 the old shoemaker's shop of Israel Whitney, with a slide in the door through which he once passed out the mail, was detached from the house, which was for many years the home of Bill Burrill, and moved back to form part of a shed or henhouse.
The second post-office in town was the one established in West Needham, with Charles Noyes, son of the Rev. Thomas Noyes, as its first postmaster. He was an optician, and had the office in his shop, where as early as 1830 the mail was brought twice a week by the "Daily Line" of
1 In November, 1909, Mr. Edward Mills, a son of Rufus Mills, loaned the present postmaster, Albert E. Brownville, a little trunk in which he said his father kept the letters received. The trunk was on exhibition in the window of the post- office for some time, with a suitable inscription, but the stand which once accom- panied it could not be found, although known to have been in the possession of one of the McIntosh families. This trunk is only seven and three eighths inches by four and one fourth inches on the inside, and two and seven sixteenths inches deep, and was kept by Mr. Mills on the mantelpiece. Mr. Sumner B. Mills has an old trunk with various compartments which is said to have been used by either the first or second postmaster. It is twice as large as the one described; both were in the loan exhibit in September, 1911.
543
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
stages, which were advertised to leave Wildes's, II Elm Street, Boston, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 7 A.M., and other days at II A.M. These stages ran to Uxbridge via Newton, West Newton and Natick. Mr. Noyes was succeeded by William Flagg, who held the posi- tion twenty-five years.
The post-office at Charles River Village was established on January 6, 1851, and Josiah Newell was its first post- master.
The post-office at Grantville dates from November, 1851, when the Rev. William H. Adams was appointed postmaster, and the office located in his house. Mr. Adams had a private school in Grantville 1846-52, and the school was in the house known as the Stanwood house, which then stood on the east side of Washington Street, having been moved from its original site, which was west of the present railroad station. This removal was caused by the building of the railroad. This migratory house was again moved, this time to Maple Place, and within a few years it has been transferred to the Abbott Road, where it was occupied for some years in the nineties by Miss Sarah Elizabeth Laugh- ton, A.M., who had a boarding-school and day-school for girls there.
The post-office at Highlandville, now Needham Heights, was established on December 19, 1871, and Jonathan Avery was its first postmaster.
Although no attempt is made to give lists of the post- masters, something should be said about the third postmaster at Highlandville, John James Whetton, who was one of the best citizens of the town, but whose refusal to allow his name to be used for town office results in his not occupying the place in this history that he otherwise would. He was born in Sutton in Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, on October 21, 1844, and in his younger days followed the sea, having some interesting experiences, including that of being pur- sued by the famous Alabama, when he was one of the crew
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544
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
of the Great Britain. He came to Needham in 1870, and engaged in the grocery business; a few years later he pur- chased the store of Mark Lee at Highlandville, and was a successful merchant, dealing chiefly in groceries. He also represented the Cunard, Dominion and Allan steamship lines. In 1890 Mr. Whetton succeeded Mark Lee as post- master, and continued in office the rest of his life, contribut- ing by his efficiency to raising the post-office to a higher class. He died suddenly at the sea shore on September 6, 1903, and his funeral on the 8th was one of the largest that has taken place in town for many years. A full-rigged ship is appropriately chiselled upon his monument.
Rural delivery was introduced into Needham on June 4, 1900, in connection with the post-office at Wellesley, and then, as now, included a section in the southwestern part of the town. Chester A. Bigelow has been the carrier from the beginning, and has never missed a trip. Four months after the establishment of this route another man, starting from the post-office at Wellesley Hills, began to deliver mail in the northwestern part of Needham, and with some changes this delivery has continued to the present time.
On September 1, 1902, a delivery connected with the Needham office was first made, and at the end of one year, George Lyman Kingsbury, the delivery agent, had handled seventy-six thousand pieces of mail, two thirds of which were delivered to individuals.
STAGES]
In 1808 a stage left Daggett's, in Market Square, Boston, for Newton and Needham on Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays at 4 P.M.
On May 3, 1830, the town dismissed article 3, which was "to see what measure the town will take with regard to the recovery of the one hundred and sixty dollars in money that the town paid in the year 1829 to John Williams and
545
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
Royal MªIntosh for damage done to their Stage by upsetting near the house of Jonathan Gay, Jun in Needham".
After the Boston and Worcester Railroad was opened to Grantville Marshall Newell daily drove a stage from East Needham to connect with the trains, and for a time, at least, he kept his horses and vehicles in the very ancient barn on the Townsend place, which estate is now the home of George Kuhn Clarke. This stage was a huge affair painted yellow, and the body of it was hung on leather straps and at certain seasons of the year, when the roads were at their worst, it was marvellously encrusted with mud. The late Francis A. McIntosh, then a youth, entered the employ of Mr. Newell, and within a day or two was told to wash the stage early in the morning, that imposing vehicle being in great need of such attention. At breakfast Mr. Newell asked "Frank" if he had washed the stage, and he said, "Yes". "Well, did you get it clean?" said Mr. Newell. "Yes, I guess so, I used four pails of water" was the reply. Some people will appreciate the fact that in those days the only comfortable way to wash a wagon was to take it to a stream or pond, and must sympathize with Frank, who had lugged four buckets, or pails, of water.
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The Town's Door
When Needham was incorporated there was one woman receiving public aid, and she was the only person "on the town" who belonged north of the Charles River.
She had been assisted since 1694, and contributions were collected for her on Sundays. This happy condition did not last, and before many years there were a number of destitute persons, most of them elderly widows, some of whom lived to a great age and were on the town for decades. The large majority of Needham's poor have had occasional aid only, and the number "put out" or sent to the town farm has been comparatively small. A widow taught school in town for thirty years, and was an equally long time dependent, boarding at either William Eaton's or Nathaniel Ware's, the town paying but little until the in- firmities of age made her a care rather than a helper. She died at Mr. Eaton's in 1800 or 1801, and he was allowed $1.50 for going to Milton to notify her daughter of the mother's death. Some of the poor lived with the same families for years, while others were subject to frequent changes. It was not unusual in early times for the town to compensate individuals for the care of their nearest relatives, and in the last century the selectmen made contracts for such maintenance. One item will illustrate: On May 19, 1748, the town granted a rate of £80 for the poor "forty pounds of it to be payd to John parker as a Gift for his Care of and providing for his Grandmother some years Last past". John did not live to get this money, and four years later the selectmen gave his brother, Jacob, as administrator
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547
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
of John, an order for £5, 6s., 8d. "Lawfull money of New- England which is Equeuile nt to Forty pounds old tener that the Town gave unto ye Said John Parker Deceaft as a Gift for taking Care of his Grandmother Some Years".
The terms on which the entirely dependent poor were placed at the auction annually held by the selectmen in October or November is illustrated by the following: "The Conditions that those persons who are Supported by the Town of Needham are to be put out for the term of one year from the first day of Nov! 1800 is as follows Viz - Said persons are to be put to those persons who will keep them at the lowest terms. - Those that take them are to Support them decently, with food. Clothing &c. and at the expiration of said year to remove them to the place where they are to be kept the year ensuing as well Clothed as they received them (extra Sicknefs to be allowed for) and no pay to be allowed to those persons for keeping the poor after the end of said year except they take them for another year". There were then "put out" four women, three of whom, if not all, were old, and one man. The terms ranged from 2s., 6d. to 6s., 8d. per week, depending upon whether the indigent person was useful about the house or farm. Within the recollection of the writer the insane were kept in the towns, and the Honorable Enos H. Tucker stated that his Grandmother Tucker for years boarded an unfor- tunate woman, whom few could manage, receiving from the town the then high compensation of $5 per week. In 1744 Amos Fuller provided for a child for a year for £5. At the death of a pauper the personal effects were sold at auction by the town, when "sorry" prices were realized, and the de- scriptions of the articles were the reverse of attractive. The expense for liquor at auctions is referred to in the chapter on Temperance, and elsewhere in this book, and as the auction of the poor was held in a tavern its proprietor supplied the drink and brought in a bill. One of the earlier orders of this kind was granted to Ebenezer MeIntosh in the spring of
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548
THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
1793 for five shillings "worth of philip he found when the poor of the Town were put out", and is remarkable only for the small sum named for that particular occasion, it often costing several dollars. There are a great number of items in our records relating to supplies for the poor, but a few will suffice to illustrate their character: In 1755 and 1756 a certain man was most destitute, and cost the town a considerable sum. Timothy Kingsbery, Jr., procured a "Coat and Sheet" for him, and Ebenezer Skinner a "Blan- kett and a sheet and a Shirl". Dr. John Allen of Newton brought in a bill of £2, 18s., 8d. for "Attendance and Med- icine", and Dr. Deming of West Needham one for £2, which the town paid, but when he presented another bill for £3, Ios. the town declined to pay it, and the Doctor was still urging his claim in 1758. In 1761 Seth Wilson boarded a poor woman a year and a half for £7, 8s. In 1771 Josiah Woodward charged the town six shillings "for making a horfe Litter to Remove the wido *** and Afsift- ing their in altho Difapointed".
There are many orders for "Cotton and Lining Cloath for Cloathing", shoes, etc. There are some curious items among the orders for the poor: In 1795 Elman Tolman was allowed six shillings for "Sugar Chocolate Buiscuit for Molly ****** in the year 1793", and in the winter of 1795/6 a poor man was furnished by the town with two barrels of cider at a cost of $2.50 per barrel; presumably the select- men considered cider a necessity, or thought they were applying the Golden Rule.
QUESTIONS OF DOMICILE OR SETTLEMENT
The legal domicile of persons receiving, or asking, aid from a town was a fertile source of controversies and litiga- tion two centuries ago, as it is to-day, and Needham had its share, sometimes involving considerable expense, and giving the selectmen an opportunity to see something of the world. In 1742 a widow living in Needham, and who
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THE HISTORY OF NEEDHAM
had been married there in 1728, petitioned the General Court for leave to sell one third of her late husband's real estate, which had been set off to her by the Judge of Pro- bate, although the deceased had left all of his property to Jonathan Townsend and Samuel Smith. She was ordered to serve notice on a man who was an heir-at-law of the testator. General Court Records, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 380 and 410. From 1769 to 1771 Needham had a contest with Southborough as to the settlement of this woman, who had apparently deeded some land to the Town of Needham, presumably as part payment for aid. The case was heard in the Court at Worcester, and in 1771 Southborough was ordered to pay to Needham £19, 9s., 4d., which sum must have been largely expended in travelling, as Capt. Eleazer Kingsbery, Lieutenant Mackintafh and William Smith, the special committee on behalf of Needham, were not the only citizens whose presence was required at Worcester. Lieutenant Day had investigated the matter at South- borough, and "the Lawer in the affair" was paid twelve shillings, exactly the amount that Benjamin Mills charged for a horse "to Worcefter Laft march". Captain Kingsbery, who presumably had oxen only, obtained William Fuller's horse in order to attend court. The year 1787 saw a con- troversy with Framingham as to the domicile of two fami- lies, one of which, consisting of a man, his wife and five children, had been assisted by Needham.
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