USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Newbury > History of Newbury, Mass., 1635-1902 > Part 41
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* " Soldiers in King Philip's War" (Bodge, second edition), p. 471.
---------
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIAN WARS
5º3
August 5, 1675 There were prest for the Countreys Service to go against the Indians,
Steven Greenleaf Thomas Smith
John Toppan Caleb Richardson
Daniel Rolf John Hobbs
Daniel Button John Wheeler
and Henry Bodwell, nine men and fourteen days provisions, and 23 horses with sadles & bridles .*
August 6, 1675 There were prest
Jacob Adams, Edmund Moores
William Sawyer, Augustine John
Zachary Davis, Samuel Stevens
Edward Ordway and fourteen days provisions .*
These men were drawn from the enrolled militia of New- bury for service in the second campaign in Connecticut. They formed, with other men from Essex county, the com- pany commanded by Capt. Thomas Lathrop, of Beverly, in the engagement fought with the Indians, August 25, 1675, "at Sugar Loaf Hill, about ten miles above Hatfield." In that engagement, several members of the company were slain ; and among them was John Plummer, of Newbury.t
August 27, 1675 There was prest again :
John Whittier Richard Breyer
Thomas Chase Joseph Poore Thomas Harris Joseph Richardson
Mathew Grove and fourteen days provision .*
It is probable that all, or nearly all, the men drawn from Newbury, on the fifth, sixth, and twenty-seventh of August, whose names are given above, were engaged in the disastrous conflict at Muddy Brook bridge September 18, 1675.
A considerable quantity of wheat being preserved in stacks at Deer- field, it was deemed expedient to have it threshed and brought down to Hadley. Capt. Lathrop and his company volunteered to proceed' to Deerfield and protect the convoy. ... The company, consisting of eighty men, arrived safely at Deerfield, threshed the wheat, placed it in eighteen wagons, and while on their return through South Deerfield, as they were stopping to gather grapes, which hung in clusters in the
* Town of Newbury Records.
t "Soldiers in King Philip's War" (Bodge, second edition), p. 130.
1
504
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
forest that lined the narrow road, they were surprised by an ambuscade of Indians who poured upon them a murderous fire. Hubbard states that not above seven or eight of Captain Lathrop's company escaped .*
Sergt. Thomas Smith, Samuel Stevens, John Hobbs, and Daniel Button, of Newbury, were among the slain. John Toppan was wounded in the shoulder, but concealed himself in the bed of a brook, nearly dry, by pulling grass and weeds over his body, and thus escaped capture ; though several times the Indians are said to have stepped over him. Henry Bod- well had his left arm broken; but with his right hand he siezed his musket, and, swinging it above his head, forced his way to a place of safety, although nearly overpowered by the Indians. Several other men from Newbury were probably killed or seriously injured in this conflict, but their names are not known.t
September 30, 1835, many of the prominent citizens of the state assembled at Deerfield to commemorate this tragic event. Hon. Edward Everett delivered an interesting and - eloquent address, describing in detail the memorable in- cidents of that disastrous conflict. Three years later, a monument was erected near the centre of the village of Muddy Brook, about thirty rods, in a southerly direction, from the meeting-house in that place, bearing the following inscription : -
ERECTED AUGUST 1838
ON THIS GROUND CAPT THOMAS LATHROP AND EIGHTY MEN UNDER HIS COMMAND, INCLUDING EIGHTEEN TEAMSTERS FROM DEERFIELD. CONVEYING STORES FROM THAT TOWN TO HADLEY, WERE AMBUSHED BY ABOUT 700 INDIANS, AND THE CAPTAIN AND SEVENTY SIX MEN SLAIN SEPT. ISTH 1675.#
Capt. Samuel Appleton, of Ipswich, was appointed, Septem- ber 24, 1675, to take command of a company of one hundred men to protect the colony against the depredations of the Indians. Newbury was required to furnish men and provi- sions for this service.
Sept 23, 1675 there was prest againe Edmund Young and John Nash and two days provisions.§
*Coffin's History of Newbury, p. 388.
t " Soldiers in King Philip's War " (Bodge, second edition), pp. 136-139. # Ibid., p. 140. § Town of Newbury Records.
.
505
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIAN WARS
Sept 27, 1675 there was prest againe Isaac Ilsly, Joseph Mooreing Joseph Musgrove, Hugh Pike Samuell Brabrooke and ten days pro- vision .*
Sept 29, 1675 Capt John Wayts gave in a Receit that Richard Kents man of Newbury was prest for the countryes service & 23 horses & sadles more was prest for the countrys service by virtue of a warrant from the Major Generall .*
Capt. Appleton, with the company under his command, was ordered to report to Major John Pynchon, commander-in- chief in the county of Hampshire. The Indians were gathered in great numbers on the west side of the Connecticut river ; and the inhabitants of Hadley, Hatfield, Northampton, and Springfield, were in constant fear of an attack. October 5, 1675, Major Pynchon, with Capts. Appleton and Sill, and a force of one hundred and ninety men, marched from Hadley to Springfield, in order to prevent, if possible, the threatened destruction of the last-named town. Upon their arrival at Springfield, they found that the Indians had set fire to more than fifty dwelling-houses and barns, and were then concealed in the swamps and thickets of the neighborhood. It was im- possible to pursue and destroy them, and the troops were ordered to remain on guard for several days near the centre of the town.
The inhabitants of Newbury were greatly alarmed by the reports that reached them of depredations committed by the Indians during this war. On the fifth day of October, 1675, an unsuccessful attempt was made to secure an appropriation, to be used in fortifying the meeting-house.
It was also voted whether the Towne are willing to be at the charg to buy a couple of field peices about 700 or 800 weight apeice & it past on the affirmative .*
Major Pynchon, having resigned his position as commander- in-chief of the military forces in the county of Hampshire, Captain Appleton was promoted to the rank of major, and placed in charge of the troops assembled there. He assumed command October 12, 1675, and on that day marched at the head of his troops from Springfield to Hadley. A day or two
*Town of Newbury Records.
506
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
later, he crossed the Connecticut river to Hatfield, and on the nineteenth day of October defeated with great slaughter a large number of Indians, who had gathered there for the purpose of capturing or burning the town.
When the expedition against the Indian fort at Narragan- sett was decided upon, Major Samuel Appleton was appointed to the command of the Massachusetts forces. The town of Newbury was called upon to furnish its proportion of the men needed. December 6, 1675, the following persons were impressed for service in that expedition : -
Jonathon Clarke
Daniel Somerby
Christop Cole Henry Poore
Samuell Poore
William Sawyer
Cornelius Davis
John Harvy
Nicholas Rawlins
John Sheepard
Christop: Bartlet
Samuel Lowle
· Daniel Rolfe
Christopr Tenison
Thomas Rogers
Steven Sweet
George Mooyer John Stratton
Edward Ordway
Isaac Ilsly
Edmund Browne Jonathon Emery
John Wheeler
Morgan Jones .*
On the ninth day of December, 1675, the troops were mustered on Dedham plain ; and the next day took up their line of march for Rhode Island, arriving at Smith's garrison, Wickford, on the evening of the twelfth. After several days spent in scouting and skirmishing, they marched on the eighteenth to Pettisquamscott, where they met the Connect- icut forces, under the command of Major Treat.
. .. they were forced to bivouac in the open air in a driving snow storm during the night; Bull's Garrison-house at that place having been burned by the Indians but a few days before. At day break next morning they took up their march over the rough country through the deepening snow, each man carrying his own arms, rations, etc. In this march the Massachusetts division led; Plymouth held the centre and Connecticut the rear. This army, the largest and best organized that had ever been in the field in the American Colonies, arrived about one o'clock, P.M. at the borders of the great swamp where the Indians had
* Town of Newbury Records.
507
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIAN WARS
gathered in great numbers and had built a strong fortification and now awaited the attack .*
After a severe battle of three hours, the fort was captured and burned. Many of the Indians escaped into the woods, but a large number were consumed in the flames. In Major Samuel Appleton's division, four men were killed, among them Daniel Rolfe, of Newbury, and eighteen men were wounded, five of them from Newbury ; namely, Isaac Ilsley, William Standley, Daniel Somerby, Jonathan Emery, and John Harvey.+
The Indians were greatly disheartened by this disaster, and soon divided up into small bands, making raids from time to time on the defenceless inhabitants of Hadley, Hatfield, and other frontier towns. January 2, 1676, Newbury was called upon to furnish an additional number of men to assist the authorities of Massachusetts in putting a stop to these out- rages. The following persons were evidently drawn by lot for this service; but it is somewhat uncertain whether they were sent, with other Massachusetts troops, to protect the towns on the Connecticut river : -
Stephen Greenleaf John Whittier
Samuell Hills
Thomas Stevens
Henry Bodwell
William Randall
Thomas Silver
Richard Bryer Thomas Rawlison James Mirrick Moses Little.#
Edward Young
Joseph Richardson
In a skirmish at the " Upper Falls " of the Connecticut river, Capt. William Turner, in command of a company of one hundred and fifty men, was shot while attempting to cross the Green river not far from the town of Hatfield. The grant of a township of land, as near as might be to the scene of the " Falls Fight," was made to all the officers and soldiers who were engaged therein. Among the persons named in the list of claimants was John Chase, of Newbury,§ who filed a certificate that he was in the expedition with Capt.
*"Soldiers in King Philip's War" (Bodge, second edition), pp. 153 and 154.
t Ibld., p. 156. # Town of Newbury Records.
§ Massachusetts Archives, vol. cxiv., p. 610 ; also, "Soldiers in King Philip's War" (second edition), p. 252.
508
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
Turner, and helped to bury him, and that Samuel Coleby, late of Amesbury, deceased, was with him .*
King Philip, with a few of his faithful followers, was surprised by a scouting party, under the command of Benjamin Church, and shot through the breast, August 12, 1676. He was instantly killed; but the war was continued for several months in a desultory way by hostile Indians in the vicinity of the Connecticut river, and for a year or more by the eastern tribes, under the command of their skilful chieftain, Mugg, otherwise known as Mogg Megone, on the banks of the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers.
The half-tone print on the opposite page is reproduced from an engraving by Paul Revere, published in the second edition of the History of King Philip's War, by Thomas, son of Col. Benjamin Church.t
From the books and accounts kept by John Hull, treasurer of the colony of Massachusetts bay, it appears that the wages due the soldiers enlisted during King Philip's war were paid to their families by the authorities of the town where they resided. The amount so paid was credited to the town in the colonial "rates " or taxes. Under the date of August 24, 1676, is the following entry : -
Newbury-Towne Cr. By Sundry Rcepts viz. . 21. 05. 02
Jonathan Emery pd as per assignment 05. 09. 00
Edmund Browne 03. 01. 08
Henry Sparkes 03. 12. 00
John Wilcott 04. 10. 00
Richard Browne
03. 03. c4
Edward Ordway #
01. 09. 02
November 24, 1676, the several amounts due the following named persons were credited to the town of Newbury : -
Samuel Lowell 03. 00. 00
George Moyer 02. 14. 00
Moses Little 01. 10. 10
John Mitchell . 01. 10. 10
* "Soldiers in King Philip's War" (Bodge, second edition), p. 249.
t A copy of Church's History containing the engraving by Paul Revere is in the library of the Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.
#" Soldiers in King Philip's War " (Bodge, second edition), P. 371.
·
PRE
PHILAP. KING of Mount Hope.
٠
510
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
Thomas Silver 01. 10. 10
Joshua Richardson 01. 00. 00
Timothy Noyce 01. 04. 00
Peter Uter . 01. 04. 00
Jeremiah Davis 01. 04. 00
Joseph Little
01. 18. 00
Joseph Poore
01. 04. 00
Robert Cham
04. 04. 00
Henry Lucus
04. 04. 00
Dec 24, 1676 John Wheeler
04. 04. 00
Feb 24, 1676-7 Matthew La Greve
08. 07.00
It is possible that some of the persons named in the above list were not inhabitants of the town of Newbury, but were enlisted and counted as a part of its quota, and so credited by the treasurer of the colony in making up his accounts.
From August 5, 1675, to January 2, 1676, sixty-eight men and forty-six horses were impressed for military service in Newbury,-an unusually large number, when it is considered that the ratable polls of the town at that time were not over one hundred and sixty. Only a few persons holding official positions were exempt by law from the drafts ordered by the colonial authorities ; but occasionally a petitioner to the General Court, engaged in some useful and important occu- pation, was allowed to remain at home and attend to his daily duties undisturbed. One of the orders passed by the General Court October 17, 1676, is as follows : -
In ansr to the peticon of Samuel Plumer, ferryman at Newbury, it is ordered that himself & his son Ephraim be freed from the presse.t
Early in the month of May, 1677, the governor and council of the colony of Massachusetts Bay decided to send a force of two or three hundred men to strengthen the garrison at Win- ter Harbor, York Harbor, and Wells, Me. On the twenty- second day of June, Benjamin Swett was appointed captain, and placed in charge of the expedition. He landed at Black- point garrison house July twenty-eighth ; and the next morning, with all the troops under his command, he made an attack
* "Soldiers in King Philip's War" (Bodge, second edition), p. 450.
t Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. v., p. 127.
511
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIAN WARS
upon the Indians, who had gathered in large numbers in that vicinity, but was defeated and obliged to order a hasty retreat. " Having received many wounds, he was at last surrounded and overpowered by the foe, and fell, not far from the garrison-house, still fighting."
Capt. Swett was a son of John Swett, one of the early settlers of Newbury. He came with his father from England previous to 1642; and in November, 1647, he married Hester, daughter of Peter Weare. From 1655 to 1662, in company with his brother-in-law, Nathaniel Weare, he carried on the farm of Rev. John Woodbridge, near "the trayneing green " in Newbury. He removed to Hampton about the year 1663 ; and his family lived there when he was killed at Blackpoint, July 29, 1677 .*
In January, 1701-2, a petition, signed by
Joshua Richardson
Samll Hill
Samuel Poor
Joseph Richardson
Thomas Chace
Caleb Richardson
Hugh Pike
Penuel Titcomb
Thomas Thurlo
Jonathan Emery
and John Chace
was presented to the inhabitants of the town of Newbury, humbly praying that a thousand acres of land might be granted and laid out to the soldiers who served in the Indian wars of 1675, 1676, and 1677.+
It will be remembered that when, on December 10th, 1675, the forces of Massachusetts Colony were mustered on Dedham Plain, to march against the Narraganset fort, a proclamation was made to the soldiers, in the name of the Governor, that, " if they played the man, took the fort, and drove the enemy out of the Narraganset country, which is their great seat, they should have a gratuity of land, besides their wages." #
No decisive action seems to have been taken in regard to the settlement of these claims for many years; although the General Court appointed a committee in 1727 to survey and lay out a tract of land, eight miles square, to be granted the
* " Soldiers in King Philip's War " (Bodge, second edition), pp. 43 and 342.
t Town of Newbury Records. # Ibid., p. 406.
512
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
officers and soldiers who served in the Narragansett war, and in 1729 appointed another committee to examine and decide upon the validity of the claims presented.
January 19, 1731, the House of Representatives sent to the governor and council an earnest and eloquent mes- sage, advocating the grant of a tract of land, six miles square, to every one hundred and twenty persons who helped to capture the fort and drive the enemy out of the Narragansett country. This message was favorably considered by both branches of the provincial government, and definite action taken June 9, 1732. The classification and adjustment of the claims of the soldiers was accomplished with great diffi- culty and labor. The grantees were divided into companies or societies, according to their residences, if alive, or according to the residences of their legal representatives, if dead.
The soldiers interested in the tract of land on Saco river, subsequently known as township No. I, now Buxton, Me., "mett at the House of Capt Joseph Hale in Newbury falls on the first Day of august on the year Annoque Domini 1733."* Joseph Gerrish, esq., was chosen moderator ; and a committee was appointed, consisting of Joseph Gerrish, John Hobson, and John Gains, " to vew Som of the unapropreated Lands of this Province in order to Pitch a place for one Township for Said Soldiers."*
February 11, 1733-4, plans were presented to the General Court for the laying out of two townships between the Saco and Pesumpscot rivers, one of these townships to be assigned to the " Ipswich Society," so called, which was made up of claimants residing in Ipswich, Newbury, Rowley, Haverhill, Salisbury, Amesbury, Methuen, Hampton, Greenland, and Berwick .; These plans were approved and consented to by Governor Belcher February 22, 1733-4.
The settlement of the township, owing to its exposed and defenceless condition, was greatly delayed during the French and English wars; but, after the capture of Quebec in 1759, the population slowly, yet steadily, increased. A meeting-
* Proprietors' Records, Narragansett Township No. I, by Capt. W. F. Goodwin, p. 91.
t The names of these claimants will be found on pp. 413 to 416, inclusive, of the second edition of " Soldiers in King Philip's War " (Bodge).
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIAN WARS 513
house was erected in 1761 ; and, in November of that year, Rev. Paul Coffin, son of Col. Joseph Coffin, of Newbury, was called to the ministry there. He accepted the invitation, and was ordained March 16, 1763.
Mr., afterwards Rev., Silas Moody, born in Newbury May 9, 1742, was the first schoolmaster employed by the in- habitants of "Narragansett Township No. I." He went there in company with Rev. Paul Coffin August 20, 1761, and soon after opened a school for children, which was well patronized during the fall and winter months of that year. He remained until April or May, 1762, when he returned to Newbury in order to continue his studies for the ministry.
.
CHAPTER XIII.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.
AFTER the overthrow of the government and the seizure of Sir Edmund Andros, in Boston, April 18, 1689, the Indians, instigated by the French settlers at Quebec, were active in plundering houses and destroying property in all the frontier towns between the Saco and Penobscot rivers. Dur- ing the following summer, Sir William Phips was appointed by King William and Queen Mary commander-in-chief of all their majesties' forces in New England. He determined to put a stop to the depredations, if possible ; and on the twenty-eighth day of April, 1690, he sailed, with a fleet of eight small vessels and seven or eight hundred men, for Port Royal, now Annapolis, N.S., where he attacked and captured, "with little or no resistance," the fort that had been erected there by the French government. He returned to Boston on the thirtieth day of May, and immediately began to- make preparations for the acquisition of Canada.
Meanwhile the Indians continued to be troublesome in the neighborhood of Newbury, and the following order was issued August 7, 1690 : -
These are in his majesty's name to require all the soldiers belonging to this towne to bring their arms and ammunition to ye meeting house every saboth day and at all other publick meetings, and also they ar required to carry their arms and ammunition with them into meadows and places where they worke, and if any man doe refuse or neglect his dewty as above expressed he shal pay five shillings for every such neglect.
.
DANIEL PIERCE Captain JONA MOORES Lieutenant
THOMAS NOYES Captain JACOB TOPPAN Ensign
STEPH GREENLEAF Captain HENRY SOMERBY
The expedition under Sir William Phips, consisting of thirty or forty vessels, carrying about two thousand men, sailed from Nantasket on the ninth day of August, 1690, but did not *Coffin's History of Newbury, p. 154.
514
515
. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS
arrive at Quebec until the fifth day of October. Several attempts were made to capture the town, without success ; and, tempestuous weather having nearly disabled the vessels and driven some of them ashore, it was considered advisable to re-embark the troops and abandon the enterprise. On their way back to Boston, they encountered head winds and violent storms. Some vessels were blown off the coast, and ulti- mately arrived in the West Indies. One was lost upon the island of Anticosti, and several were never heard from.
Capt. John March, Capt. Stephen Greenleaf,* Lieut. James Smith,* Ensign William Longfellow,* and Ensign Lawrence Hart, of Newbury, Capt. Philip Nelson, of Row- ley, and Capt. Daniel King, of Salem, were among the offi- cers commissioned for service in the expedition to Canada, under the command of Sir William Phips .; A complete list of the men who enlisted in Newbury cannot be given. The muster roll of one company in the Essex county regiment is as follows : -
Capt. John March, Newbury L' Stephen Johnson, Andover Enseigne Lawrence Hart.
John Vie (Ivie ?)
Thomas Barnard
· John Browne
Ralph Blagdon
John Davis
John Poor
Edward Bele (Bailey ?)
John Huse
Edward Goodwin
Benjamin Goodrige
Benjamin Poor Samuel George
Henry Dowe John Badger
John Wallingford John Taylor
Thomas Heirs (Ayers ?)
George Everson
Percival Chubb
Samuel Smith
Samuel Austin
Henry Lunt
Richard Kent
- John Sweat Thomas Cotton
Benjamin Kimbal
Joseph Gold
Joseph Andrews
Ephraim Hoit John Prowse
Nathaniel Crosbey John Ring.#
" " Twas Tuesday the 18th of November [rogo] that I heard of the death of Capt Stephen Greenleaf, Lieut James Smith, and Ensign W'm Longfellow, Sergt Increase Pilsbury, who with Will Mitchell, Jabez Musgro, and four more were drowned at Cape Britoon on Friday night the last of October." Diary of Samuel Sewall, vol. i., p. 335.
t Society of Colonial Wars' Year Book for 1898, pp. 136 and 137.
# Massachusetts Archives, vol. xxx., p. 155 ; Society of Colonial Wars' Year Book, 1898, p. 173.
516
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
In 1739, a township on the westerly side of Merrimack river, "and northerly of and adjoyning to Contoocook," was granted and laid out to the "Soldiers in the expedition to Canada Anno 1690 under the Command of Capt John March. Capt Stephen Greenleaf and Capt Philip Nelson." This town- ship now includes within its limits Bakerstown, Stevenstown, and Salisbury, N.H. The first meeting of the proprietors was held "February 12th 1739 at the House of M' Tristram Greenleaf in Newbury at ten of the Clock before noon." The following persons, inhabitants of Newbury and Rowley, were granted and allowed a share in the division of this township : --
Capt Stephen Greenleaf Deacon Joshua Moody Joseph Gould
Joseph Sage Jnr
Elisha Sweat John Kent
Caleb Moody
NathIl Clark John Thurlo
Joseph osgood
Samuel George Hannah Bolton ,
Capt John Sargeant
Benja Hoeg John Badger
Sam1 Smith Jnr
-Jonathan Marsh
Joseph Ilsley
Gideon Lowel
Stephen Chase
Joseph Short
Thomas Huse
John Lunt
Abraham Titcomb
Joseph Pike
James Brown
Stephen Longfellow
Stephen Longfellow
Samuel Bartlet 3rd
Nathaniel Bernard
Capt Thomas Hale
Jeremiah Gutteridge
Capt Thos. Wallingford
John March
Revd William Johnson
Wm Huse
Joseph Davis
Henry Dow
Sam1 Sargeant
Saml Silver
Robert Savory
Tristram Greenleaf
Eleazer Hudson
Dr. Joseph Hills
Thomas Challis
Jonathan Blaisdell
James Toppon
Danll Bradley
David Bartlet
Peter Ayers
Eleazer Johnson
Lazarus Goodwin
James Anderton
John Littlehale
Edward Emerson
Zachariah Beal
Capt John Sergent
Percival Clark
Ebenezer Stuart
Joseph Holland *
Early in the summer of 1691, a small force under the com- mand of Capt. John March, of Newbury, and Capt. Daniel King, of Salem, was sent to look after the Indians, who had become troublesome in the vicinity of York and Wells. Previous to the departure of these troops, the governor and council of the provisional government of the colony of Massachusetts Bay issued the following order : -
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