USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Newbury > History of Newbury, Mass., 1635-1902 > Part 44
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orders were issued to Capt. Thomas Noyes, of Newbury, to fur- nish six or eight men for that service.
In obedience to comand from His Excelency: These are In Her majesties Name to Requier you to Impress these men under specified to appear compleat in Armes & amunition and all firniture as the law directs with two dayes provition [ ] order them to appear at the House of Capt Edw [ ] sargent His House in Newbury on Monday by twelve of the Clocke at noon which will be ye 28th of this Instant of this fail not & make return to me of your doings heer in given under my hand this 25 of November 1709 from your servant
THOMAS NOYES Capt
Stephen poore Tristram x Coffin [ ] greenleafe Stephen greenleafe malachi Edwards Thom [ ] Browne John Sawyer Josiah x pilsbury
Timothy putnam Zachary Davis John [ ] us
To Benjamin More, Ju
To Stephen Webster
or John Stickny.
On the back of the warrant was the following endorse- ment : -
25, 1709.
November: A Cording to the Within riten worant I have imprest theis men under named
Thomas Brown Daniell Greenleafe
John Scodes Stephen Greenleafe
Malachi Edwards John Stickney
Stephen Webster *
The men who provided themselves with snow-shoes and moccasins for service in a winter campaign were allowed five shillings each, under the law of the province enacted Novem- ber 17, 1704. Col. Thomas Noyes, of Newbury, was allowed five pounds and nineteen shillings by the General Court, June 17, 1710, in settlement for snow-shoes and moccasins furnished seventeen men in his regiment, and £42 for the service of four hundred and twenty men previously equipped and reported to the provincial authorities. The · regiment was composed of men from Newbury, Haverhill, Salisbury, Amesbury, and other towns in Essex county.
In the Massachusetts Archives is "a list of the names of the men belonging to the North Regiment in Essex apointd
* New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. 1., pp. 343, 344.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS
541
to keep snow-shoes and mogginsons "; * and in this list are the names of many well-known Newbury men.
Major Henry Summersby snow shoo men are as foloeth,
Richard Knight
John Hale
Stephen Sayer
Joseph gerish -
Edmund greenleaf
Richard Jackman
William Dole
Richard Bartlet
John March
Samuel Bartlet
John pike
John Merrill
Richard Dumer
John Kely
Geo. Thurlo
Fran. Clemons
Collin Fraizer
peter Coffin
Henry Short
Thomas Hale .*
" My particular Company "t
Richard Brown
James Freez
William Salmon, Jr
Jacob Toppan
Anthony Sumerby
Joshua Bayly
James Smith
Joshua Moody
Nathaniell Coffin
James Coffin
Richard Bartlet
Edward Richardson
William molton Thomas Chess Joshua Browne, Jr
Abraham Lunt
Archelause Woodman
John weed
Robert Rogers
Henry Hale
Samuel Sawyer
Thomas Moody
Enoch Litle
Edward Sergant
John Brown
1
William Noyes
Nathan merrill
Benayah Titcomb
Daniel merrill
Joseph greenleafe
Aquilla chees
penuell Titcomb
Daniel pilsbury
Joseph seuell
Caleb pilsbury
James Ordway
John Sewell
Abraham Rowell .
Abraham Toppan
John Kent
Archelaus Addams peter goodfrey
Edward poore
Jonathan Woodman
Abial Sumarby william Titcomb
Samuel poore
Benjamin Mors, Jr.
Joseph poore
* Massachusetts Archives, vol. Ixxi., pp. 495-498; also, Society of Colonial Wars' Year Bock, 1897, pp. 117-123.
f Probably commanded by Capt. Thomas Noyes.
~ Isaack Bayly John Bartlet John Ordway
John Woodbridge
Benjamin woodbridge
Cutting Moody
542
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
The men opointed in the room of those that are ded or removed which wants their alouance :
Icobod woodman
John worth
John Ordway Timothy merrick
John Stickney
The end of my Company
Capt. Hugh March his Snow shoo men
Liunt Caleb moody
Thomas williams
Ensign moses Chase
Daniell Chayny
Joseph pike
Abraham merrill Jr.
Tristram greenleafe
James Browne
Joseph Richardson
John Kelly, Jr.
Thomas Huse
Samuell sayer
Joseph Browne
Daniell morrison
John Emary, Jr.
Nathaniell Hill
Abell Huse
Abial Kelly
Stephen Emary
Isaac Annis
Abell merrill
Ezrah Rolf
Richard Bartlet, Jr.
Daniell Chase
Hananiah Ordway
Thomas ffolingsby.
Capt. Noyes His Company of snowshoo men
Joseph Woodbridge
Joshua Boyenton, Jr.
Joseph [ ]
John Smith, Jr.
Daniell thurston
John pettingall
James Jackman
moses stickny
Samuel moody
Stephen Sweet, Jr.
Thomas Clarke
Robart Adams
Cutting Noyes, Jr
James Noyes, Jr.
Moses Coker
Joseph Downer, Jr.
Richard Kelly
John Cheyny
John Calfe
Beniamin person
Jonathan poore
Nathaniell Adkinson
James Knight
Nathaniell Rolf
Jonathan Emary Jr
Joseph goodridg Jr
Joseph Mayo
Samuell Toppan Joseph Hale Tristram Litle
John Dole
Thomas pike
mathew pettingal Jr
Joseph Noyes
Joshua peirce
Joseph Chayni
Ensi. Joseph Knight
John Noyes Jr John Rolf
Jonathan plumar Nathan wheeler_ Henry Rolf
Daniel Noyes John Dumar Henry Jaquis
Nathaniell Badger Joseph Knight
r
543
FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS
New snow shoo men wants their alouance
Thomas Hale
John Noyes Jr
Richard Kent
Josiah Smith
Anthony mors
Stephen Dole
Abner Dole
NEWBURY Sept ye 22d 1712
A List of the names of the New Raisd forcis to be put under Capt. Joseph Eaton.
Henry Dresser Servant to Decon Nathanil Coffin
Tristram Coffin Son to Mr James Coffin
Elias Titcomb Son to William Titcomb
Samuel Wood Servant to Joshua Moode
Thomas Adkinson Son to John Adkinson
Benjamin Mors Jur Thomas Chase Jnr James Brickit Ebenezer Barton
Mosis Richardson
Israel Adams
James Jackman John Pettinggall Richard Hale
Daniel Roberson Servant to John Noyes, Jur
Lawrance Hart Servant to Mr John Calef
Ebenezer Burbank William Herdy Jacob Herdy Joseph Moulton Servant to Cutting Noyes Jur (this last named is erased)
To Capt Joseph Eaton .*
THOMAS NOYES Coll
The treaty of peace concluded at Utrecht, April 11, 1713, closed the war of the Spanish succession that had disturbed the peace and quiet of Europe for eleven years; but the questions relating to the bounds and limits of the English and French colonies in America were left unsettled, and remained a subject of dispute until Canada, Acadia, Cape Breton, and the islands adjacent thereto were ceded to Eng- land at the close of the seven years' war, in 1763.
The Indians, however, instigated by the governor of Que- bec and a few missionary priests to whom they were strongly * New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. 1., pp. 344 and 345.
544
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
attached, continued their depredations in the vicinity of Ber- wick, Brunswick, and Dover. Sebastien Ralle, who had been sent by the Society of Jesuits to the Indian settlement at Norridgewock, was a firm and active supporter of the Indian sachems and the warlike policy they had adopted in self-defence. In a communication addressed to the governor of the province of Massachusetts Bay, he vigorously asserted their right to the undisturbed possession of the fields and forests they had inherited from their ancestors, and protested against the efforts that were being made to oppress and drive them from their homes.
His influence with the Indians, combined with his courage and sagacity, rendered him obnoxious to the authorities of Massachusetts, and, in 1721, the troops under the command of Col. Thomas Westbrook attempted to seize him, but he escaped into the woods. On the eighth day of August, 1724, two hundred men, in four companies, under Capt. Johnson Harmon, Capt. Jeremiah Moulton, Capt. [ ] Bourn (or Brown), and Lieut. [ ] Bean, were ordered by Col. West- brook to proceed in whaleboats up the Kennebec river to Taconic falls, and thence, by forced marches through the forest, endeavor to surprise the Indians at Norridgewock, and burn or otherwise destroy their houses and wigwams. They proceeded cautiously, and arrived at the little village, " no longer enclosed with a stockade, but open and unpro- tected." In the desperate contest that ensued, Father Rallé was shot, on the twenty-third day of August, 1724, and i- stantly killed. After the English troops had departer1 was buried by his Indian friends near the place wh altar stood in the church that was burned dur conflict .*
In the New England Courant for August 24, 1734, the following notice : -
On Saturday last arrived Capt Johnson Harmon from his Expedi- tion against the Indians at Norridgewock, and brought with him 28 Scalps, one of which is Father Ralle's their Priest.t
* Massachusetts Historical Collection, Second Series. vol. viii., pp. 250-257.
t New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xlvi., p. 137.
545
FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS
William Dummer, of Newbury, who was acting governor of the province at that time, during the absence of His Excel- lency Governor Shute in England, wrote to the lords of trade in London as follows : -
In the Action at Norridgewock, within this Province, wch was in Augt last, our Forces destroy'd a great number of the Indians & broke up that Settlement, among whome was Sebastian Ralle a Jesuit & Mis- sionary to that Tribe, and the great Incendiary of this War, who was slain in Fight, making actual Resistance to the Forces, at the same time attempting to kill an English Captive in his Hand and refusing to give or take Quarter, To which Acct of ye Death of the sd Ralle Coll. Harman the Commander of the Forces at Norridgewock made solemn Oath before me in Council .*
Hutchinson, in his History of Massachusetts, gives sub- stantially the same account of the killing of Father Rallé.
Moulton had given orders not to kill the Jesuit, but, by his firing from the wigwam, one of our men being wounded, a lieutenant Jaques stove open the door and shot him through the head. Jaques excused himself to his commanding officer, alleging that Ralle was loading his gun, when he entered the wigwam, and declared that he would neither give nor take quarter.t
The statement that the missionary priest was killed by Lieut. Richard Jaques, of Newbury, is probably incorrect.# In the muster-roll of Capt. Johnson Harmon's company, the name of Richard Jaques appears as corporal and also as sergeant from February 28, 1721-2, to November 20, 1722.§ But there is no evidence that he was a lieutenant in Capt. Moulton's company when the attack on the village of Nor- ridgewock was made August 23, 1824. The Indians, in their attempt to escape, ran for the river. Capt. Moulton, with the men under his command, followed closely, shooting the fugitives in the water or as they climbed the farther bank.
When they returned to the village they found Rale in one of the houses, firing upon some of their comrades who had not joined in the
* New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xlviii., p. 187.
t History of Massachusetts (edition, 1795), vol. ii., p. 28z.
# Coffin's History of Newbury, p. 194.
§ New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. xlviii., p. 283.
546
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
pursuit. He presently wounded one of them on which a lieutenant named Benjamin Jaques burst open the door of the house, and, as he declared, found the priest loading his gun for another shot. The lieutenant said further that he called on him to surrender, and that Rale replied that he would neither give quarter nor take it; on which Jaques shot him through the head .*
Benjamin Jaques was a native of Harpswell, Me .; and his great-grandson has furnished for publication some facts in relation to his service in the expedition to Norridgewock, and a brief account of the incidents that led to the killing of Father Rallé.t
*" A Half-century of Conflict," Parkman, vol. i., p. 237.
+ Historical Magazine, vol. viii., p. 177.
,
.
)
-
CHAPTER XIV.
LOUISBOURG, CROWN POINT, AND QUEBEC.
THE treaty of Utrecht, concluded in 1713, gave to England Hudson bay, Newfoundland, and Acadia. The island of Cape Breton, which lies to the eastward of Acadia, and is separated from it only by the narrow strait of Canseau, was left to France .. This island, from its position, commands the entrance to the gulf and river of St. Lawrence. A fortress was erected on the island near a deep and capacious harbor, and a few French families were induced to settle there. The place was named Louisbourg in honor of Louis XIV.
In time it grew into a compact fishing town of about four thousand inhabitants, with a strong garrison and a circuit of formidable ramparts and batteries. It became by far the strongest fortress on the Atlantic coast, and so famous as a resort of privateers that it was known as the Dunquerque of America .*
The right of Maria Theresa to the throne made vacant by the death of her father, Charles VI., emperor of Austria, was stoutly contested by the leading powers on the continent of Europe. England favored the claims of the Austrian prin- cess, and France vigorously opposed them. The questions involved in the controversy were of momentous importance, and conflicting interests rendered a satisfactory settlement of them impossible. Realizing that an appeal to arms could not be averted, France, with unexpected zeal and promptness, de- clared war against England on the fifteenth day of March, 1743-4.
During the following summer, the fishermen of Marblehead and other towns along the New England coast were attacked and plundered by vessels of war and privateers that found shelter and protection in the harbor of Louisbourg.
* "A Half-century of Conflict," Parkman, vol. i., p. 181.
547
MAP of the ISLAND of CAPE BRETON as laid down by the Sieur BELLIN 1746. :
Limbach
Jaurence
S:Taurence Road
North Cape
+7
Dafpe Harbour
Ri
; Sea Pike Iflands
Niganiche Ind
Niganiche Bay
l'ort Dauphin
Large Entrance of Labrador
'Small Entrance of Labrador
Coal Road
Spanish Bay
Waftcoat Hands
ake
Round I.
.Jo That Ifand
. Scatavi InA
& LABRADORY
M
o Tramiblade InId
46
Bideauboch
T'affage o
Portenove
PART Of
Frontse
D La Boulaye Kond
Red Head
SIMary
Milford Haven
Iron Head
Red Head. & Green Ind
Vort Touloufe
20 St Peter's Ind
Michaur Iland.
omds Fiprit
& Kigaud Harbour
Heron Iflands
: Forked Harbour
Gabarofe Bay Sind à Guyon
LEWIST OURG
2 & Vox Ifland
9 Cireat If" of Canfo
SCALE of go Leagues at 2853 Fathoms to a League .
10
1,5
20
ADI
. Cape Cunfo
62
Inds! Pant
Cape
Sahnon River
.
Salmon kuver
Berek The Adrural
S. Anne
Verderone Ind
549
LOUISBOURG, CROWN POINT, AND QUEBEC
A plan for the capture of the fort at that place was devised by William Shirley, governor of Massachusetts ; and January 26, 1744-5, the plan was adopted by the General Court, in secret session, by a majority of one vote. Sir William Pepperell was appointed " Lieutenant General and Commander-in-Chief of all the Forces by Sea and Land en- listed for the Expedition against the French Settlement on Cape Breton "; and, February 7, 1744-5, Moses Titcomb, of Newbury, was commissioned major and captain of the third company in the Fifth Massachusetts regiment, Robert Hale, colonel .*
The Muster Roll of the Company Inlisted for his Majesties Service in the Intended Expedition against Cape Breton under the Command of Capt moses Titcomb of Newbury February 26th 1744.t
Moses Titcomb
Captain - - Knight
Sergeant
Samll Greenough
Lieut
Stephen Swett
Corporal
Beamsly Glover [Glazier ?]
Rowland Stockman
Jacob Titcomb. Second "
SOLDIERS, APPRENTICES AND SERVANTS
age
age
Stephen Atkinson
24
Joseph Cheney
39
Joseph Knight
22
Enoch Sweett
23
Jacob True
19
Martin Ayers
24
John Horbard
22
John March, 3d
20
Benja Titcomb, Jun
20
NathIl March
21
NathIl Little
22
Joseph Rowell
20
Samll Lowell
19
William Perkins
19
Daniel Plumer
45
Thomas Boardman
19
Joseph Eaton
32
Samll Todd
21
Richd Hale Jun
24
John Stanwood
22
Philip March
17
Matthew Pettengell
21
Moses Hoyte
28
David Duston
23
Joseph Stevens, Jun
28
James Beverly
22
John Colby
18
Benjamin Prefer
22
Richard Carr
20
John Harris
19
Johnson Lunt Jun
19
Benjamin Swett
18
Oliver Goodridge
22
Josiah Merrill
24
Enoch Stickney
22
Joseph Hobson
19
Daniel Lunt, Jun
21
John Couch
17
* Society of Colonial Wars' Year Book for 1895, Appendix, p. 8.
t Essex Institute Historical Collections, vol. xxxv., p. 150.
550
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
age
age
Ebenezer Beal
18
Eliphalet Noyes 21
John Flood
50
Giles Harris 20
Andrew Peirce
29 John Dole Jun 36
Jonathan Shatswell
35
Benjamin Woodman Jun 28
All the officers and men in Capt. Moses Titcomb's company resided in Newbury at the date of their enlistment, except James Beverly, who was from Haverhill, and John Flood, from Hampton, N.H.
The troops, embarked on ninety transports and sixteen armed vessels, sailed from Nantasket on the twenty-fourth day of March, and arrived at Canseau on the fourth day of April. They were detained there, by head winds and floating ice, until April twenty-third, when Commodore Warren, with several English ships of war, entered the harbor, having been ordered to join the expedition there. On the first day of May, the troops landed at Gabarus bay, a short distance from the town of Louisbourg. A reconnoitring force, under Colonel Vaughan, burned a quantity of stores and buildings, and took possession of the grand battery, which they found abandoned. With great difficulty they dragged cannon over the swampy ground in the neighborhood of the fortress, and erected tem- porary batteries that enabled them to bombard the town with shot and shell.
A constant fire was kept from the grand battery upon the town with the forty two pounders. This greatly damaged the houses, but caused so great an expense of powder that it was thought advisable to stop and reserve it for the fascine batteries. Five of these were erected, the last the 20th of May, called Titcomb's battery, with five forty two pounders, which did as great execution as any .*
On the side of the Barachois [a salt pond formed by a projecting spit of sand], farthest from the town, was a hillock on which stood the house of an habitant named Martissan. Here, on the 20th of May, a fifth battery was planted, consisting of two of the French forty-two pounders taken in the Grand Battery, to which three others were after- wards added. Each of these heavy pieces was dragged to its destina- tion by a team of three hundred men over rough and rocky ground swept
* Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts (edition, 1795), vol. ii., p. 374.
.
SIEGE OF LOUISBOURG IN 174.5
Scale. 600 100 1500 2000 Yards
A Landing Place of Army.
B First. Battery.
C.Second, D ?..
nocle
Lighthouse Point
E Fourth of Advanced, Battery.
F. Fifitu or Tilcomh's Bollery.
G Lighthouse Battery.
West. linde.
Green lsd
CITY
Black .
Fresinvater
White P!
G
Flat Point
1
B
Cormorant
R
BAY
Warehouses
North East. Arm
Landing Covr.
Carceniny Cove
Grund Bullery'
5 0 Harbour
Island
Barochois
Rochfort
FROM BROWN'S CAPE BRETON.
552
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
by the French artillery. This fifth battery, called the Northwest, or Titcomb's, proved most destructive to the fortress .*
After a siege of forty-nine days, articles of capitulation were signed, and the town and fort of Louisbourg were surrendered to Sir William Pepperell, commander of the English forces, on the seventeenth day of June, 1745.
Major Titcomb remained on duty at Louisbourg for several months after the capture of the town, and subsequently was appointed to the command of the troops stationed at Falmouth (now Portland), Me.t
Among the soldiers who applied to the General Court for assistance on account of wounds received or extra service rendered at the siege of Louisbourg was Thomas Pike, of Newbury. He petitioned, July 19, 1746, for an allowance, stating "that on the 20th of June 1745 he received a commis- sion from Governor Shirley to be adjutant in Choate's regi- ment ; that he was before and after that lieutenant, and per- formed the duty of both." ¿ His petition was not granted at that date, but it may have been subsequently accepted and approved.
July 24, 1746, Moses Hoyt, of Newbury, applied to the General Court for an allowance, in consideration of wounds received " in the late Expedition against Cape Breton."
In the House of Representves Read and Ordered that the sum of Twelve Pounds ten shillings be allowed the Petitioner for his present relief, by the Commtee of War. In Council Read and Concured - Con- sented to by the Govern' §
January 30, 1746-7, John March, of Salisbury, was allowed six pounds by the General Court " for his hardships and suf- ferings in the late Expedition against Cape Breton." ||
*" A Half-century of Conflict," vol. u., p. 124. In the same volume, pp. 112 and 113, will be found a map showing the position of the Fifth, or Col. Titcomb's, battery at the siege of Louis- bourg. The map reproduced on the preceding page is from Richard Brown's History of the Island of Cape Breton, published in London in 1869.
t "Ould Newbury," pp. 464-473.
# Journal of House of Representatives.
§ Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. xvii., p. 530. In a petition to the town of Newbury, September 19, 1763, Moses Hoyt stated that he was severely wounded in the attack upon the Island battery at Louisbourg, and had been obliged to have his leg amputated. (Town of Newbury Records. )
I Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. xvii., part v., p. 746.
553
LOUISBOURG, CROWN POINT, AND QUEBEC
April 1, 1747, Richard Carr, of Newbury, "a soldier in the late expedition," was granted five pounds by the General Court " in consideration of his being wounded by the enemy & disabled thereby from Labour."
March 27, 1747, Jacob March, of Newbury, presented a petition to the General Court stating that " he enlisted in the late expedition as Chirurgeon's Mate in Col. Willards Regi- ment, but the Chief Chirurgeon being dismissed July 1745, the whole Business of a Chief Chirurgeon was devolved upon him for some Time; as also the care of Brigadier Waldos Regiment for a considerable Time : and being allowed Mates Pay he prays a farther consideration."
This petition was referred to a committee who reported on the thirty-first day of March " that the Committee on War be directed to allow the Petitioner, on due Proof of the Facts asserted, such sum as with that already paid him will make his Wages equal to that of a chief surgeon from July 11, 1745 to his Dismission." t
Louisbourg was restored to France by the treaty of peace signed, October 18, 1748, by the plenipotentiaries of France, England, and Holland at Aix-la-Chapelle.
May 22, 1755, Col. John Winslow sailed from Boston with two thousand men to assist Lieutenant-colonel Monckton in an attack upon Beauséjour and other dependent forts in Acadia. More than half of the peninsula now called Nova Scotia was claimed by France, although England had held possession of it for more than forty years. The Acadians were accused of disloyalty, and suspected of instigating and aiding the Indians in their efforts to harass and annoy the English farmers and fishermen who had been induced to settle there. They were promised forgiveness and protection if they would take an oath of allegiance to his Majesty George II., king of England. They declined to accept this conciliatory offer ; and after a brief delay they were taken from their homes - men women, and children, to the number
* Massachusetts Archives (Court Records), vol. xvii., part v., p. 833.
t Ibid., vol. xviii., pp. 109, 110.
.
554
HISTORY OF NEWBURY
of six thousand, or more,-and distributed among the Eng- lish colonies from Massachusetts Bay to Georgia.
The selectmen, or overseers of the poor, in the several towns in Massachusetts, were ordered to keep a strict account of the money expended for the support of these exiles, and send a copy thereof to the treasurer of the province, for pay- ment, once in six months. The town of Newbury charged £49, Is. Id. for maintaining twenty-three of these expatriated Acadians from January fifth to June 1, 1756 .*
Affixed to a bill rendered January 12, 1757, by John Brown, Henry Rolfe, and Cutting Moody, overseers of the poor, is the following statement : -
. .. the number of the french in Newbury is twenty-three.
4 of which are very old and unable to work.
James Brown Peter Dorsett 1 Five men able to labor and doo work att
Peter Dorsett Jun Amicable Dorsett and can find anything to do.
all oppertunity when they have it offered
Francis Le Blong
The Remaining 14 are three women and Eleven Children Unable to work, att Least to very Little advantage.t
After the incorporation of Newburyport, in 1764, these unfortunate exiles were provided for by the overseers of the poor of that town and subsequently supplied with money, food, and clothing to enable them to go to friends and rela- tives in Canada.
In May, 1756, England again declared war against Louis XV., and during the following summer made an ineffectual attempt to capture the French forts that had been erected, in the vicinity of the great lakes, on the boundary line between the English and French colonies in America. In 1757, an attack on Louisbourg was planned ; but for various reasons it was delayed until the following spring.
Col. Jeffrey Amherst was appointed commander-in-chief of the expedition. Under him were three brigadier-generals,
* Massachusetts Archives, vol. xxiii., p. 138. t Ibid., p. 300.
555
LOUISBOURG, CROWN POINT, AND QUEBEC
Whitmore, Lawrence, and Wolfe : the latter was afterwards mortally wounded at the capture of Quebec. Eleven thou- sand soldiers were sent from England to Halifax, in twenty- three ships of the line, eighteen frigates, and a fleet of trans- ports, under the command of Admiral Boscawen. There they were joined by a force of five or eight hundred men from the seacoast towns of New England.
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