USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Topsfield > History of Topsfield Massachusetts > Part 17
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The citizens of Topsfield liable to do military duty, assem- bled on Monday, Dec. 5, 1774, agreeable to the advice of the Provincial Congress, chose Joseph Gould, Captain, and ad- journed to the next day. On Tuesday, the Topsfield militia
2 Mass. Archives, Vol. V, page 451.
Lieut. John Baker
Thomas Perkins, Jur.
Robert Perkins
Jacob Pebody
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was formed into two companies with a full corps of officers. Of the first company, Joseph Gould was Captain, Samuel Cummings, Lieutenant, Thomas Moore, Ensign. Of the second company, Stephen Perkins was Captain, Solomon Dodge Lieutenant, David Perkins, Ensign. The Topsfield companies belonged to the third regiment of Essex County militia, com- manded by Col. John Baker of Ipswich. Mr. Cleaveland in his "Bi-centennial Address" said, "Many, probably most of the Topsfield men proved their sincerity and showed their courage, by mingling with the brave yeomanry of Essex and Middlesex in the great transactions of the 19th of April. The news from Lexington, spreading like wildfire in every direction, reached this place at about ten o'clock in the fore- noon. The farmers were busy in their fields, but there was no hesitation. The plough was stayed in mid-furrow, and within an hour, many were on their way to the scene of the conflict. Joseph Gould commanded one of the Topsfield com- panies. When and where, exactly, they came up with the retreating enemy, is not known. Somewhere, they found them, and from behind a low wall or dike, began their murderous fire. But their heroic Captain disdained such shelter. He thought it, perhaps undignified for an officer to lie down. So he stood bolt upright, gave his orders, faced the enemy and the bullets, and, as good luck would have it, came off unhurt." Samuel Hood wrote in 1843 that on the day of the Lexington battle he was working at the farm of Nathaniel and Ephraim Dorman, ploughing near the house. They each took a horse from the team, saddled them and left young Hood to take care of the cattle until they returned. He said they unhitched the horses, flying around like firehands and were gone within a half hour from the time they heard the alarm.
The first Topsfield company was commanded by Joseph Gould and comprised sixty-three men. Most of them were in the service at this time five days, and they marched sixty miles to and from home. Capt. Gould received £1.6.5. The privates received 12s.13/4d.
This list is found on a muster roll 3 dated Dec. 19, 1775.
Capt. Joseph Gould
Samuel Fisk
Lieut. Sam'l Cumings
Zaccheus Gould
Ens. Thos. Mower Daniel Gould
Sergt. Nehemiah Herrick John Gould
John Peabody
John Gould, Jr.
David Towne, jr. John Gould, 3d
3 Mass. Archives, Revolutionary Rolls, 13-68.
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THE HISTORY OF TOPSFIELD
Sergt. Thomas Porter
Nath'l Gould
Corp. Cornelius Balch
Simon Gould
Eb'zer Knight (Kingh)
Thomas Gould
Benj. Gould
Benjamin Kimball
Drum Elijah Perkins
Enos Knight
David Balch
Eliezer Lake
David Balch, jr.
Eliezer Lake, jr.
David Balch, 3d
Moses Perkins
Israel Balch
Moses Perkins, jr.
Robert Balch
Thomas Perkins, jr.
Roger Balch
Thomas Perkins, 3d
Samuel Balch
Daniel Porter
Daniel Bigsbe
John Ray
Daniel Bigsbe, jr.
John Ray, jr.
Dudley Bigsbe
William Ray
Henry Bradstreet
Arch. Towne
Benjamin Brown
David Towne
John Cree
Ephraim Towne
Joseph Cree
Ephraim Towne, jr.
Samuel Cree
Jeremiah Towne, jr.
Bartholo'w Dwinel
Joseph Towne
John Dwinel
Joseph Towne, jr.
Daniel Eastey
Joshua Towne
Wm. Eastey
Stephen Towne, jr.
Nathaniel Fisk
William Towne
The second Topsfield company commanded by Stephen Perkins, mustered forty-seven men. They were in the service two and one half days and travelled sixty miles to and from home. Capt. Perkins received for time and travel £1.2.3/4, and the privates 10s.8.
The muster roll of this company 4 also dated Dec. 19, 1775 contained the following names :
Capt. Stephn Perkins
Jon'a Hobbs
Lt. Solo. Dodge
Hez'h Hodgskins
2d Lt. David Perkins
Benja. Hood
Ser. Sam'l Bradstreet
Richard Hood
Ser. Jacob Kimball
Ivery Hovey
Ser. Nath'l Dorman
Aaron Kneeland
Ser. Thos. Cummings
John Lamson
Corpl. Benj. Hobbs
Jno. LeFavour
Ezra Perkins
Amos Low
Josiah Lamson
Jacob Peabody
Amos Averell
Elisha Perkins
4 Mass. Archives, Revolutionary Rolls, 15-9.
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Isaac Averell
Jos. Perkins
Nath'l Averell
Oliver Perkins
John Batchelor
Rob't Perkins
Dan'l Boardman
Saml. Perkins
Israel Clarke
Steph'n Perkins
Josiah Cummings
Thomas Perkins
Ephraim Dorman
Zeb'n Perkins
Stephen Foster
Jacob Symonds
Wm. Gallop
Jos. Symonds
Nath'l Hammon
Dan'l Towne
David Hobbs
Jacob Towne
Isaac Hobbs
Eph'm Wildes
Moses Wildes
Capt. Jacob Gould who was born in Topsfield and lived in the edge of Boxford, "commanded a company at Lexington." Capt. William Perley's company of Minute-Men distinguished itself on that day. It seems to have contained quite a number of Topsfield men. Richard Hood was ploughing in the corn- field with his father John and brother Samuel, that forenoon. He started at once for the field of action. A similar story is told of Asa Gould, who left his hoe and started in his shirt- sleeves. Daniel Bixby used to tell fifty years after, how the news reached him when in his field on what afterward became known as the "Donation farm." He ran to the entry of his house, seized his gun and equipments, mounted his horse and rode away for Lexington. Benjamin Gould "saw his first service on the day of Lexington Fight, and to his latest hour, an honorable scar bore testimony to bravery on that occasion." Such was the mettle of the citizen soldiers, who contributed to the mortifying defeat and severe losses of the King's forces on that ever memorable 19th of April.
The Minute-Men who gathered around Boston, stayed only a few days. Some remained to take part in the following campaign, but most of them returned home. They were discharged with the thanks of the Provincial Congress then sitting at Watertown. Capt. Perkins' company reached home April 21st, and Capt. Gould's arrived April 23d. By this time, Gen. Ward became uneasy at the departure of so many men, and enlistment for actual service commenced. On that day, Congress resolved that a New England army of 30,000 men was necessary, and proposed to raise 13,600 men as the proportion of Massachusetts. The men were to be enlisted only till the last of December - "eight months service." Fifty-nine men were to form a company, and ten companies a
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THE HISTORY OF TOPSFIELD
regiment. Those who raised companies or regiments were to be their commanders. Gen. Ward was appointed commander- in-chief and soon received his commission.
The next day, April 24th, a third company, mostly of Tops- field men, was organized for this service, with John Baker of Topsfield, Captain, Caleb Lamson of Ipswich, Lieutenant, and Daniel Dresser of Rowley, second Lieutenant. It contained men from Topsfield, Ipswich, Beverly, Rowley, Wenham, Danvers and Middleton. The Topsfield men were as follows :
Capt. John Baker's company in the 17th Regt. of Foot, Commanded by Col. Moses Little in the year 1775. 5
Age
Age
Capt. Jno. Baker
41 Saml. Balch
19
Sargt. Benja. Gould
23
Israel Balch
21
Sargt. Benja Brown
22
Tho. Perkins
22
Sargt. Benja Kimball
20 Amos Dwinell
20
Corp. Benja Hobbs
24
Danl. Gould
20
Corp. Ezra Perkins
23
Dudley Bigsbe
20
Fife Jacob Kimball
14
Josiah Commings
21
Priv. Jno. Baker
22
Stephn Towns
26
Jno Perkins
22
"Bimsley" Peabody 6
20
Amos Hood
19
Joseph Hood
27
Amasa (Andross)
John Lamson
19
Andrews
17 Jno Hood
16
Isaac Hobbs
28
Richard Hood
23
Simon Bradstreet
60
Amos Low
23
Jno Baker, Jnr
22
Jos. Symans 7
26
Joshua Towns
23
Jonathan Lamson
Topsfield chose Dea. John Gould as her representative to the third Provincial Congress which convened at Watertown, May 31, 1775, and dissolved July 19th of the same year.
Col. Moses Little's regiment had for its chaplain the Rev. John Cleaveland of Chebacco parish in Ipswich. It is said that he preached all his parish into the army, and then went himself with two brothers and all four of his sons. Nehemiah, the youngest of these sons, was settled as a physician in Tops- field, in 1783, where he died Feb. 26, 1837, aged 76 years. This regiment with John Baker's company of Topsfield was early stationed at the Black Horse Tavern in Menotomy, since West Cambridge, now Arlington. We have a letter from Corp. Ezra Perkins of Capt. Baker's company, written to his
5 Mass. Archives, Revolutionary Rolls, 14-22; 56-90.
6 Residence also given Middleton.
7 Served in place of Isaac Perkins.
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father David Perkins of Topsfield, and dated at Cambridge, June 14, 1775.
To David Perkins. Sir.
I Take this opertunity to inform you that I am in good Helth, and all the rest of our Company ; and I hope that these lines will find you so. And I would be glad If you would Dy my thred stokins a light blu, and send them when you send my Sherts, and fetch me a fork. And I Have no nuse to rite to you at Present, for thar is not so much Nuse Down here as there is with you. And I wood be glad if you would send me three Pound and a half of Shugar and fetch it Down, when you com Down. Ezra Perkins
A day still greater and a scene more exciting than the occurrences of the 19th of April, was near at hand. Cleave- land wrote, "Imagine, if you can, the sensations which must have pervaded the entire population of this place on that bright summer day, the 17th of June, 1775. The men capable of bearing arms were mostly away - a part of the beleaguering host around Boston. Yonder, upon Eastey's Hill, might be seen their grey-haired fathers and mothers, - their wives, and sisters, and daughters, and young children, watching the distant smoke-cloud, and listening with beating bosoms to that portentous roar of cannon, which spoke so unequivocally of some tremendous conflict."
The Topsfield company under Capt. John Baker was at Bunker Hill in Col. Moses Little's regiment, though commis- sions to the officers of this regiment were not issued till June 26th. A return of this regiment, dated June 9, reports 400 men and on June 15, reports nine companies and 456 men with Capt. Collins' company in Gloucester, and Capt. Perkins as ready to march from Ipswich. On June 16, the companies of Capt. Perkins, Jacob Gerrish, and Nathaniel Warner were at Menotomy. Capt. Ezra Lunt and probably Capt. John Baker, were detached to Lechmere's Point, now East Cam- bridge, on guard duty. On June 17, the officers of Little's regiment, without waiting for orders, left their quarters at Menotomy and Cambridge, and tendered their services to Gen. Ward. Col. Little led three of his companies to the field, in Indian file, before the action commenced. By direc- tion of Gen. Putnam, they divided, part to the redoubt, part to a cartway on the right of it, and some to the rail fence. Capt. Gerrish was stationed in the lines, Capt. Wade's com- pany from Ipswich and Ipswich Hamlet was at the breast-
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THE HISTORY OF TOPSFIELD
work and Capt. Perkins' Newburyport company was ordered between the breastwork and rail fence. Of the men from Essex County who formed Little's regiment full 125 hastened to the aid of Prescott. The ground between the breastwork and rail fence was defended by these brave Essex troops covered only by scattered trees. With resolution and deadly aim they poured the most destructive volleys on the enemy.
Captains Lunt and Baker did not arrive from Lechmere's Point till near the close of the battle. These companies were ordered up to cover the rear of the exhausted and retreating troops. This rear-guard did good service by their brave and well-directed fire. They effectually kept the enemy at bay, till the Neck was crossed and the retreat accomplished. But the laurels gained by them were by no means bloodless. Col. Little's velvet clothes were sprinkled with the blood of the wounded and dying. His regiment lost 15 killed and 31 wounded. Quite a number lost their muskets and some their coats, for which they were reimbursed.
Mr. Cleaveland says of Sergeant Benjamin Gould, of Ba- ker's company, "On the 17th of June he was one of the re- inforcement so unaccountably delayed, and which reached the Hill too late to save the Redoubt, and in time only to join with its gallant defenders in their retreat."
The following extract from Mr. Gould's own journal is still more explicit. "Soon after this (the Battle of Lexing- ton) I enlisted as Sergeant in Capt. John Baker's company, Col. Moses Little's regiment, and marched to Cambridge. On the 17th of June was ordered on guard at Lechmere's Point, Col. Asa Whitcomb commanding the guard. After the battle had commenced some time, the guard was ordered to reinforce the troops on the Hill; but when we got on the Neck, we met them retreating, yet kept on till we met Gen. Putnam (with tent on his horse behind him) who spoke to Col. Whitecomb, and he retreated. While on the Neck, the enemy fired on us from the ship that was in Charles river, and the floating bat- teries came up Mystic river, within small gun-shot of us. Col. Whitcomb took me in front of him a little to the left. He placed me in a situation for them to take aim at. The first shot struck the ground a little before me and rebounded, and as it passed, struck my musket in my hand. The second struck the ground directly against my feet. The third struck in the same hole and made it deeper. I turned my eyes to the guard and found them retreating. I was the last man on the Neck. As I returned, I got through a fence on my right, seeing the ground more favorable to cover me (the ridge the
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Charlestown Hotel now stands on) and when I had gone about a rod, I saw the flash of their guns, and dropped to the ground. The balls passed over my back, and struck a little beyond me. I returned to the guard, and found them all safe."
In the Hood Memorial is an account of another of Capt. Baker's men. "In 1775, at the age of fifteen, John Hood of Topsfield enlisted in the army. June 17, 1775 he was at Bunker's hill, not in the fight but on picket duty upon a marsh near by, watching an English vessel to keep her men from landing. "
Mr. Cleaveland says of Israel Herrick, who lived awhile in Topsfield : "He entered the army as a lieutenant in 1745, and was out in nineteen campaigns. In 1763 he left the ser- vice, a major by brevet. The war of Independence again called him to the field, and he was among the defenders of Bunker Hill."
On Oct. 28, 1775, Gloucester requested the Town of Tops- field to send them assistance in defending their town from a supposed attack. There were already a large number of able- bodied men in the army, but the town agreed that if 15 more would enlist they would be paid at the same rate as other soldiers. Lieut. Samuel Cummings, a drummer and 13 privates marched to Gloucester on Oct. 31st and returned home in 15 days. The town asked the General Court to pay these men, and it was allowed, the Lieutenant receiving £1.16.6 and the 14 men a total of £13.8.6, at the rate of 36 shillings per month. Billeting for the 15 days at 5 shillings per week amounted to £8. On Dec. 20, 1775, Topsfield was called upon to furnish one ton of English hay at Camp in Cambridge, which was its portion levied on the towns in Essex County ; and on Jan. 5, 1776 the town was asked to collect 10 blankets for the army.
The earliest action of the Town of Topsfield in the year 1776 was to choose "a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection and Safety." Topsfield first appointed such a committee, June 8, 1773. This was the very year the measure originated in Massachusetts, was suggested to Virginia and by her rec- ommended to the several colonies. On Apr. 22 and 24, Tops- field chose a committee to meet committees from other towns at Ipswich to act respecting a more just and equal choice and representation in the General Court.
Capt. Samuel Smith had, for many years previously, repre- sented the town at the General Court. Deacon John Gould was first chosen representative, May 25, and again July 4, 1775. He was re-elected May 21, 1776.
178
THE HISTORY OF TOPSFIELD
On the 10th of May, 1776, the Massachusetts House of Rep- resentatives adopted a vote that a meeting should be held in every town, to decide whether the inhabitants would sup- port Congress should it declare the Colonies independent.
How the men of Topsfield felt in regard to this matter, is shown by the following town warrant and votes.
1776. June 11. Warrant.
"To see if the Inhabitants of this town agree, whether, in Case the Honorable Congress, for the Safety of the United Colonies, Should declare them Independent of the Kingdom of greate Britten, they will solemnly engage with their Lives and fortune, to support them in this measure, and give Mr. John Gould their Representative, Such Instruction for that purpose as they shall think proper."
"To Choose two good and Lawful men, in manner as jurors are drawn out of the box to serve at the Superior Court &c., to Serve on the jury in the Court erected to try and condemn all vessels that shall be found infesting the sea Coasts of America, and brought into Either of the Counties of Suffolk, Middlesex, or Essex, to be held at Salem in said County of Essex, on Monday the seventeenth day of June Instant, at the hour of ten in the forenoon, according to venire."
1776. June 14. "Voted that in Case the Honorable, the Continental Congress, Shall think fit, for the Safty of the United Colonies, to declare them Independent of the Kingdom of greate Britten, this town do Solemnly engage to defend and support the measure, both with their Lives and fortunes to the uttmost of their power. Israel Clarke Jur., Capt. Stephen Perkins, and Solomon Dodge was chosen a committee to prepare a Draft for Instructions for Mr. John Gould, Representative of said town, for a rule for his Conduct in the General Court, respecting the United Colonies in America being declared Independent of the Kingdom of greate Britten by the Continental Congress, and to report Said draft to the town at there next meeting."
These instructions were embodied in a series of resolutions which were approved by the town and entered in full in the Town Records.
The close of 1775 was a critical period for the army. No enlistments extended beyond Dec. 31. In this emergency Washington called for 3000 volunteers from Massachusetts and 2000 from New Hampshire. A portion of Col. Little's regiment remained. They were called "Six Weeks Men." A muster roll of Capt. Baker's company is dated at Prospect Hill. Feb. 19. 1776.
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Besides her two militia companies, Topsfield endeavored, with the opening of the new year, to enlist a company of Minute-Men for the service. The town voted, Jan. 19, 1776, "to comply with the recommendation of the Provincial Con- gress respecting the enlistment of Minute-Men." The same day, a committee of seven persons was appointed to fix upon the time of drill and the compensation for such soldiers. The committee reported, Jan. 26, but no further action was taken at the time.
The town passed votes, March 7th and April 11th providing for the enlistment, drill and pay of Minute-Men. They were to equip themselves, and to drill two half-days every week, and to draw monthly the pay of one shilling for each half- day's service.
1776. Mar. 26. Mr. Jeremiah Averill, Town Treasurer was ordered to pay to the following persons the sums set against each of their names, being for their service as Minute- Men agreeable to the town vote, viz.
To Henry Bradstreet
6.0
To Joshua Towne Jur.
8.0
To Benja Gould 8.0
To Benja Brown
6.0
To Dudley Bixby
7.0
To Joseph Symonds
2.0
To Ezra Perkins
2.0
£1.19.0
With the beginning of 1776, a new army was to be recruited. Men were enlisted for 12 months, for the year 1776. Col. Little's regiment now became the 12th regiment in the Mass- achusetts Line. The regiment embraced eight companies and among the men from Topsfield were : Ensign Benjamin Gould, in Capt. Gideon Parker's company and Sergt. Daniel Gould, Samuel Gould, and Thomas Perkins in Capt. Nathaniel Wade's company.
A committee was appointed to enlist the proportion of men in Essex County agreeable to the resolve of June 20, 1776, for army in Canada and New York. They reported 30 Topsfield men in the company of Capt. William Rogers of Newbury and "six wanting." No muster roll of men has been found.
Another regiment of the Massachusetts Line was Col. John Glover's amphibious Marblehead regiment. John Hood of Topsfield was connected with this regiment. It reported to Gen. Artemus Ward on June 22, 1775, and was quartered at the Vassal house in Cambridge, July 1775. In Feb. 1777, the
180
THE HISTORY OF TOPSFIELD
regimental headquarters were at Brown's tavern, while the regiment itself lay encamped in an enclosed pasture to the north of the colleges.
After the evacuation of Boston, Mar. 17, 1776, Topsfield men enlisted for further service, 15 men in the 27th Regt. commanded by Col. Israel Hutchings of Danvers, which left Boston in July 1776 for New York and helped in the capture of Fort Washington.
The defeat of the American forces on Long Island took place Aug. 27, 1776. This was the first great disaster that had befallen the patriot arms. The line to be defended was nearly six miles in length, and the American force was wholly inadequate for the purpose. Capt. John Baker with the Topsfield men in Col. Little's regiment under Lt. Col. Hen- shaw were at the centre on Brooklyn Heights.
In the campaign during the fall of 1776, besides her regular troops, Massachusetts sent many companies of militia into the field. Five men,-Sergt. Herrick, Robert Balch, Daniel Dodge, David Perkins and John Rea, were "draughted" from Topsfield in Capt. Robert Dodge's Co., Col. Ebenezer Francis' Regt. They were away 2 days, travelled 40 miles and were paid Nov. 29, 1776, 6 shillings each for a gun & blanket. 8 Col. Cogswell's regiment of Essex County militia was at Fairfield, Conn., Oct. 19, with six companies and 336 men, where it constituted a part of Gen. Parsons' brigade. It was at Rye, N. Y., Nov. 3, and at North Castle, Nov. 20. Capt. Stephen Perkins' company of 68 men enlisted Sept. 22. Other Topsfield men were: Sergt. Josiah Lamson, Amos Av- erill, John Cree, Josiah Cummings, Benj. Hood, Jacob Perkins, Zebulon Perkins, John Rea, Jr., Ephraim Towne, Jr., Daniel Town and Joseph Town. 9 It was discharged Nov. 16th to which is to be added twelve days for its return home from North Castle, Westchester Co., N. Y., 250 miles from home,
The British made an attack on Fort Washington, Oct. 27, which was repulsed. Capt. Perkins, in a letter to his wife written from Rye, N. Y., the next day, alludes to the firing and also mentions the Topsfield men.
Rye in New York Government, Oct. 28, 1776. Loving Wife,
As providence has put in my hands to write to you I heart- ily improve it, and would inform you that I am in a Comfort-
8 Mass. Archives, Revolutionary Rolls, 18:156.
9 Nehemiah Cleaveland was also in this Co. but enlisted from Ipswich where he then resided.
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able state of helth at present, and all the men from Topsfield.
I Ha'n't any thing remarkable to write, Except that yester- day there was a Tremendious firing, but at such a Distance from us that we have not as yet heard the Event nor sertenly where it was.
I hope through the blessing of God these lines will find you and all my friends in health and prosperity.
You may inform Doctor Baker that I sent by Capt. Dodge of Wenham to the armey where Capt Baker is, and he informs me that his Company is well.
I should be glad to hear from you, but it is not likely that you can have an oppertunity to write as the times is so short that it is proposed for us to stay if my life and health should be preserved as we are at so great a distance from you. Re- member (me) to my father in perticular and all the rest of my friends that shall enquire after me. Trusting in the mercy and goodness of Goud, I hope we shall live to see one another in this world; if not, I hope we shall meet in the Heavenly World.
So no more at present, but Subscribe myself your Loving Husband till Death Shall part us. Stephn Perkins. N. B. I should have wrote more, but Capt. Dodge of Wen- ham the barer hereof, Came here this morning, and we was about to remove two miles father, but in the same Town. To Mrs. Eunice Perkins in Topsfield, to be Left with Joseph Comings.
The same day Capt. Perkins wrote home, Oct. 28, there was a partial engagement at White Plains, but neither party could claim any decided advantage. Glover's regiment took part in this battle. So did Col. Little's regiment with John Baker's company. Here Samuel Gould of Topsfield, in Capt. Wade's company, was killed, aged 21 years.
The following petition is of interest :
State of the Massachusetts Bay. To the Honb the Councel and House of Representatives in General Court assembled at Boston, 1777.
The Petition 10 of Amos Dwinel Humbley Sheweth that your Humble Petitioner was an Inlisted Soulder in the year 1776 in Capt Bolsters Company in Col. Eber Larnard Regt and in the Incampment at New York and at a Battle at New Chester your Petitioner left two cotton Shirts & a pair of Stockens to the value of one pound ten Shillings, further more
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