USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Quincy > Inaugural address of the mayor, with the annual report of the officers of the city of Quincy for the year 1935 > Part 10
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Well baby clinics 276
Preschool clinics
12
Orthopedic clinics
12
Clinic Attendance
Station
Attendance Examined New
every
Monday
South Quincy
1477
1242
77
",
Tuesday
Wollaston
1312
1116
84
3rd
Woodward (preschool)
256
217
81
every other
"
Houghs Neck
419
375
40
every
Wednesday
Quincy Point
1574
989
127
Thursday
Woodward
1572
1266
122
2nd
Squantum
116
116
5
3rd
",
Orthopedic
133
133
18
every
Friday
Atlantic
1470
1223
111
Totals
8329
6677
665
We take pleasure in extending our sincere thanks and appreciation to Miss Alice G. Thompson who has faithfully assisted at the Atlantic Clinic for almost five years. To all organizations, local physicians and especially to Mrs. Frances Knight of the Junior Welfare League, we extend our deep appreciation.
To Doctors Hardwick, Gorin, Butler, E. B. FitzGerald and yourself, we extend our thanks for a very fine and happy year, made so by this association.
Respectfully submitted,
NETTIE D. FOWLER, R. N. MARY E. MARR. R. N.
162
CITY OF QUINCY
QUINCY HABIT CLINIC STATISTICS 1935
Boys Girls Total
Total Number of Clinics Held
43
Total Number of Cases Carried
138
69
207
School Age-146 Preschool Age-61
87
42
129
Total Number of Old Cases
51
27
78
School Age-55 Preschool Age-23
Total Number of Visits by Children
440
140
580
SOURCES FROM WHICH CASES WERE REFERRED
Health Agencies
18
Schools
62
Relatives and Friends
26
Children's Agencies
3
Physicians
9
Family Agencies
1
Clinic Staff
4
Community Education
?
Churches
1
Total Number of New Cases
129
QUINCY HABIT CLINIC
Annual Report
The termination of the year 1935 provides an opportunity to the Massachusetts Division of Mental Hygiene to report on the activities and the results of another year's program in the Quincy Habit Clinic. These results, by their very nature, do not lend themselves favorably to presentation by a formal statistical report alone. The scope of a Mental Hygiene program, with its numerous implications, could not be adequately portrayed, nor justice done it were one to attempt only a numerical portrayal. Therefore this report is both a descriptive and statistical account of the clinic's activities.
The significance of Mental Hygiene to persons in more or less acute states of maladjustment, as well as in its numerous applications to all phases of life. is everywhere accepted today. Mental Hygiene only achieves its full purpose when it assists in the successful adjust- ment of the individual to his whole life. Preventing problems, rather than waiting for them to develop, is the goal of Mental Hygiene. Better realization of the value of prevention, and a keener recog- nition of early signs of emotional difficulty on the part of parents and others concerned with the welfare of children, have increased their desire for early guidance.
Gratifying as are the immediate benefits to a child from the appli- cation of Mental Hygiene principles, these are relatively insignificant. and by no means the total measure of their value as compared with the ultimate benefits observed in his successful adjustment to later life. In other words, the manner in which a child is taught to meet
Total Number of New Cases School Age-91 Preschool Age-38
163
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
his early life situations determines how he will meet the ever-increas- ing complexities of later life; therefore, this essential guidance con- stitutes one of the tasks confronting the Mental Hygienist.
The clinic service to children has continued with a justifiable feeling of achievement, and has to its credit an encouraging record of success in the solution of the many problems presented by children and par- ents. It has endeavored to meet the ever-increasing demands for correcting behavior and personality difficulties, assisting in effecting better school adjustments and preventing delinquency, in spite of the fact that there have been times when increased personnel seemed im- perative. For each of the cases under its care, the clinic has pro- vided the best program of study and treatment, of which the staff have been capable. Scientific advance has made it possible to conduct more thoroughly the different approaches utilized in the clinics. The interprofessional relationships within the clinic are co-ordinated in such a manner as to demand, not only participation by the entire clinic staff in the study of the case, but also continued team work in the treatment, so as to make for real benefit and advantage to the patient, and the total family situation. One of the greatest steps forward has been intensive treatment of parents who have been given insight and understanding that have helped them, not only with their particular problem child, but also in many of their other family re- sponsibilities. One is impressed time and time again in his work with unadjusted children with the fact that many times the child's problem is but secondary to the many problems in the situation from which he comes.
The educational activities of the clinic have increased in scope, as well as in numbers, and continue to occupy a place of major im- portance in the total picture of the clinic's program.
One of the chief objectives in the educational program has been to awaken the community to their responsibility in any program that relates to the child. It is their responsibility to see that the child's needs are safeguarded and to co-operate with the clinic to this end. Community influences may be and usually are of paramount impor- tance in either impeding or furthering clinic efforts in the correction of the child's problems. Therefore, it is logical to state that the local agencies play an important role in the program outlined by the clinic. Assisting them in mobilization against activities that are detrimental to the child's welfare also constitutes a portion of the clinic activities, the ideal being a close working relationship between all agencies in the community for the good of the child in his totality.
Co-operative endeavor between clinic and the schools has con- tinued with increasing success toward conservation of the mental health of school children. The school, next to the home, is the greatest influence in the life of the child, and not only is the teacher in a most important position to detect early indicators of a social be- havior, but she also serves as an invaluable person in any treatment program. Especially is this so when one deals with school problems. Although real strides have been made by many in the field of Mental Hygiene in the matter of education of the teachers in the child's psychological needs, there still remains a need for a broader and understanding of his personality on the part of the teachers, as well as an appreciation of the most expedient ways of bringing out the best in him. One cannot overemphasize the important place which the school holds, both as a diagnostic and treatment agency.
In Quincy, the staff of the Habit Clinic, on the invitation from the schools, have taken the opportunity to study the local educational sys- tem in considerable detail, surveying not only the major aspects of the curriculum activities, but also the various personalities of the
164
CITY OF QUINCY
teachers in each system, all of which has meant clearer orientation by the staff as to policies and procedures in the school, as well as to the individual teachers, each with her peculiar assets and liabilities. The advantages of such a process of inquiry are too numerous to mention, but may be summed up in the conclusion that the clinic is better able to prescribe for the child after the particular school sys- tem has been appraised. Then, too, the clinic recommendations are more readily accepted and effected with better understanding by the school group, as the result of this interrelationship and co-operation between the two professional groups.
One of the most helpful and significant developments of the clinical service has been the instituting of a tutoring service for children who have presented one type or another of educational disabilities. Be- cause of the meager tutoring facilities that exist for meeting this particular need in children. the ability of the clinic to provide it has brought to the schools a service which they have welcomed with genuine gratitude. The schools' interest in that one type of service has increased their awareness of the contribution that Mental Hygiene has to offer them in their educational efforts with children, and has prompted them to utilize the clinic for other existing problems with which they had learned the clinic dealt.
One of the more common types of educational disabilities is that of a reading difficulty. The term "reading disability" implies that the child has ability in other fields than reading. If one were to make an educational profile of these children. one would find that they usually show failure in the fields of reading, spelling, and lan- guage, but rate relatively higher in other subjects not requiring language ability. If space permitted, one might cite many such cases to illustrate. not only how the child's progress in school is embar- rassed, but also the effect which this disability may have on his whole personality development.
The clinics have been most fortunate in obtaining two trained specialists in this field, who have volunteered their services two after- noons a week in the correction of reading difficulties in children of normal intelligence, and whose inability to read is explainable by factors other than intellectual equipment. That this special help offers very definite assistance to the scholastic progress of the child, as well as to his mental development as a whole. has been recognized by those who have had an occasion to contact these children. A study of many children manifesting unacceptable patterns of behavior has shown that their maladjustment was related to their inability to grasp the fundaments of reading as taught by the regular classroom methods. Such children must be instructed individually, and the methods vary in accordance with their needs, as determined by special tests developed for this purpose. Enumerable personality traits of an undesirable sort have been found to be exaggerated by reason of the child's inability to accomplish the prescribed school work. One child with a strong desire for attention, but unable to obtain it through scholastic achievement, assumed a superior attitude. became arrogant and insubordinate. and eventually utterly unmanage- able in the classroom, all in an attempt to compensate for his in- ability to succeed in his school work. As soon as he learned to read and spell, and was able to stand on a par with others in his group, his personality difficulties subsided.
This special service within the clinic has strengthened the school- clinic relationship in still another direction; namely, by further en- couraging clinic visiting by teachers, who come down to observe the tutors in their approach and technique employed by them in the
165
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
reading problems, as well as to receive instruction in the proper methods of teaching these same children in the classroom.
The year's activity has exceeded that of all previous years.
The staff of the Division of Mental Hygiene wish, at this time, to thank the Health Commissioner, the School Department, and others in the community who participated to make the past year in the clinic, not only a productive one, but also a very pleasant one.
Respectfully submitted, OLIVE A. COOPER, M. D., Assistant to Director, Division of Mental Hygiene.
REPORT OF ORTHOPEDIC CLINIC
The following is a report of twelve clinics attended by Dr. John L. Doherty from January 1935 - December 1935 inclusive :-
121 children have been examined-forty-eight were new admissions, seventy-three for follow-up examination.
Classification of Conditions Found in the New Patients
Pronated feet
11
Knock Knees and pronated feet
7
Bow Legs 10
Faulty Posture 0
Flat Feet
19
Spastic Paralysis
0
Congenital Varus
1
48
Classification of Conditions Found in Old Patients
Pronated Feet
37
Knock Knees and pronated feet
4
Bow Legs
3
Faulty Posture
2
Flat Feet
26
Spastic Paralysis
1
Congenital Varus
0
73
JOHN L. DOHERTY, M. D.
166
CITY OF QUINCY
REPORT OF PRESCHOOL DENTAL CLINIC Year Ending December 31, 1935.
Number of clinics
95
Total attendance 824
Pay patients 737
Free patients 87
Number of different children treated
343
Number of operations 921
Fillings 624
Extractions 196
Treatments 78
Examinations
17
Cleanings
6
Refused treatment 27
Appointments not kept
173
Referred for gas anesthesia extraction
11
CATHERINE F. COLEMAN, R. N. GLADYS IMRAY, R. N.
REPORT OF THE SCHOOL DENTAL CLINIC
Year Ending December 31, 1935.
Number of first grade children examined 1414
Number with carious teeth
941
Per cent with carious teeth 66.5
Number of clinics held
38
Total attendance at clinics
392
Number of different children attending clinic
132
Number of extractions
204
Number of fillings
146
Number of prophylactic treatments
29
Number of home visits
240
GLADYS IMRAY, R. N. KATHERINE WISEMAN, R. N.
167
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
January 1, 1936.
Dr. Richard M. Ash,
Health Commissioner.
Dear Sir :-
I hereby submit my report as part time Parochial School nurse from January 1, 1935 to August 1, 1935.
Number of visits to parochial schools 310
Number of children given physical examinations assisted 180
Number of children weighed and measured 200
Number of children examined for various causes 1771
Number of children given audiometer test
693
412
Number of house calls made Number of defects corrected, dental, vision, etc. 120
Relief work from July 1, 1935 to July 27, 1935 :
35
Contagious work, calls made 66
Dental work, assisted at clinics, patients
Child welfare work, assisted at clinics, patients 58
Respectfully submitted,
HAZEL R. GIFFORD R. N.
Dr. Richard M. Ash,
Health Commissioner.
Dear Sir :-
I hereby submit my report for part time parochial school nurse from October 1, 1935 to December 31, 1935.
No. of visits to schools 55
" children given physical examination by doctor 183
" weighed & measured :
329
" " given vision examination 659
" examined at school clinic for various causes ...
376
" house calls made to pupils absent one week 32
All pupils examined for skin diseases and general cleanliness at least one day a week.
Respectfully submitted,
EILEEN GARRITY, R. N.
168
CITY OF QUINCY
REPORT OF INSPECTOR OF MEATS AND PROVISIONS
To the Commissioner of Health,
Quincy, Mass.
Dear Sir :-
I submit the report of the work in this office for the year ending December 31, 1935.
Meat and Foodstuffs condemned as Unfit for Food
Inspections made
2116
Poultry (pounds)
87
Beef (pounds) 20
Veal (pounds) 24
161%
Hamburg (pounds)
20
Sausages, pork (pounds)
14
Lamb (pounds)
10
Pork, fresh (pounds)
8
Shoulders, corned (pounds)
6
Frankforts (pounds)
5
Potatoes (pounds)
800
Broccoli (pounds)
5
Tomatoes (pounds)
5
Brussels-sprouts (boxes)
3
Sweet corn (dozen)
10
Spinach (bushels)
16
Apples (pounds)
50
Flour (pounds)
241%
Fish, fresh (pounds)
9051%
Smoked fillet (pounds)
32
Crab meat (pint can)
1
Potato salad (pounds)
5
Clams (bushel)
1%,
Oysters (quarts)
12
Lobsters (pounds)
11%
Food Establishments in Quincy
Markets
141
Stores
136
Restaurants and lunch rooms
81
Fruit stores
56
Bakeries and food shops
24
Creameries
11
Delicatessen
4
Fish markets
65
Beer and wine licenses serving food 79
Confectionery stores
15
Each year brings its changes with some stores and markets in order to keep up with the progress of business with more up-to-date fixtures for handling and displaying their goods, of all kinds, especially meats and poultry.
Fish is a big factor on the market display counter today, the price has been very low most of the year, and the public will always find a great variety at all times to choose from.
Beef liver (pounds)
169
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Retail dealers that handle fish, should always remove it from the barrels at once on arrival to the store or market. Never use the ice from the receiving barrels, if one does, it will deteriorate your stock.
Good first quality heavy beef was not so plentiful this year, as in former years. The cuts of cheaper quality meat is good for food and many times suits the customer as well or better, for it is leaner.
Poultry was plentiful of all kinds with the price holding a little firmer than last year, for the holiday trade.
Vegetables of all kinds were plentiful and a remarkable large as- sortment of all kinds to select from, and prices low. Potatoes were much higher the first four winter months of this year.
On inspections of markets, and stores, on holidays, we found con- ditions good, with very few complaints, which were attended to at once. Service is our motto in this office to the public at all times.
Respectfully submitted, HOWARD ROGERS,
Inspector of Meats and Provisions.
REPORT OF RESTAURANT INSPECTOR
Year 1935.
Number of food establishments inspected
126
" places where violations were found
60
"
" " corrections were made 52
Total number of inspections
851
-
"
" sterilizing agents tested
36
", approved 15
"
" samples taken for chlorine 90
satisfactory 68
too strong
12
too weak
5
no chlorine present
5
" verbal notices 168
WILLIAM H. ยท TAYLOR, Restaurant Inspector.
170
CITY OF QUINCY
January 1, 1936.
Dr. Richard M. Ash, Health Commissioner.
Dear Sir :-
I herewith submit my report for the year ending December 31, 1935. The following statistics refer to milk, cream, ice cream, oleomar- garine and buttermilk, produced and consumed in the City of Quincy.
Dairies in City of Quincy
1 dairy having 51 cows 1 34 "
1 "
" 7
2 dairies 6
1 dairy "
1 COW
99 cows 99
Total number of cows in Quincy
Total number of cows in nearby dairies who serve consumers
in City of Quincy 639
Milk produced in Quincy and nearby dairies (qts.) 6,390
Milk sold in Quincy, raw (qts.) 676
Milk contractors' processing plants, storage and creameries in City of Quincy 10
Milk contractors' processing plants, storage and creameries out of city 29
Teams, auto cars and trucks employed in distribution of milk, cream, ice cream and buttermilk in City of Quincy-(All have been inspected) 203
Milk processing plants in Quincy
4
Milk processed in Quincy (qts.) 28,650
Milk consumed in Quincy per day (qts.) 35,861
Milk pasteurized and consumed in Quincy per day (qts.) 35,185
Raw milk consumed in Quincy per day (qts.) 676
(All from tuberculin tested cows)
Certified milk consumed in Quincy per day (qts.) 151
Grade A milk consumed in Quincy per day (qts.) 2,718
Chocolate milk consumed in Quincy per day (qts.) 111
Cream consumed in Quincy per day (qts.) 2,721
Percentage pasteurized milk consumed in Quincy 98.1
Percentage raw milk consumed in Quincy 1.9
Ice cream manufactured in Quincy per day (gals.) 570
Ice cream consumed in Quincy per day (gals.) 1,920
Ice cream manufactured out of Quincy (gals.) 1,350
(All ice cream is pasteurized)
Buttermilk consumed in Quincy (qts.) 411
Retail licenses issued in Quincy for milk, ice cream and oleomargarine 769
Revenue from licenses $ 384.50
Milk samples below State standard for butter fat and total solids 4
Milk samples below State standard for bacteria count 20
Ice cream samples collected and tested for bacteria count and butter fat 96
Milk complaints investigated 3
171
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Table Classification of Dairies Inspected and Scored
Dairies visited and inspected 263
Milk samples collected 1,490
Samples taken from teams 1,024
Samples taken from stores and schools 309
Samples taken from dairies 157
1,490
Samples taken before pasteurization 48
Samples of raw milk 250
Number of stores visited and milk, cream and ice cream cab- inets inspected 343
Number of milk rooms visited and inspected 222
Number of processing plants visited and inspected
159
Number of ice cream manufacturing plants inspected 86
Sanitary inspections 2
Respectfully submitted, JAMES O'DOWD, Milk Inspector.
January 1, 1936.
Richard M. Ash, M. D. Health Commissioner.
Dear Dr. Ash :-
I hereby submit my report for the year 1935, as Inspector of Animals and Slaughtering.
Number of dogs quarantined
135
" cows inspected 87
Respectfully submitted,
EDWARD A. DEVARENNES, V. S., Inspector of Animals.
172
CITY OF QUINCY
January 1, 1936.
Richard M. Ash, M. D.
Health Commissioner.
Dear Sir :
I respectfully submit my report as Inspector of Plumbing from August 15th to December 31st, 1935, inclusive.
Applications filed 190
Received for permits $214.00
New buildings connected with sewer (new connections) 11
Dwellings 8
Home for aged 1
Gymnasium 1
Greenhouse 1
Old buildings for which permits were issued
179
Dwellings 140
Other buildings 39
New buildings for which permits were issued Dwellings 8
11
Other buildings 3
Old buildings connected with Sewer 24
Dwellings 20
Other buildings 4
Buildings connected with cesspools 10
Buildings connected with septic tank
1
Respectfully submitted, JEREMIAH J. CURTIS,
Acting Plumbing Inspector.
173
REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
MORTALITY STATISTICS
Number of Deaths and Death Rates. During the year 1935, there were 645 deaths that occurred in Quincy, the same number that oc- curred during 1934. Based on the estimated population of 77,428 for July 1 (mid-year), the crude death rate was 8.3 per 1,000 population compared with a rate of 8.5 per 1000 for 1934. (1)
Of the 645 deaths in Quincy, 54 were among non-residents. There were 140 Quincy residents who died outside the City so that the num- ber of resident deaths for the year was 731 compared with 740 resi- dent deaths during 1934. The resident death rate for 1935 was 9.4 per 1,000 estimated population compared with a rate of 9.7 for 1934.
In the past it has been customary to base the mortality tables on the deaths actually occurring in the City regardless of the usual place of residence. The tables for 1935 are based on resident deaths, that is, non-resident deaths in Quincy are excluded and resident deaths outside the City are included.
Sex. Of the 731 resident deaths during 1935, 409 or 56 per cent were males and 322 or 44 per cent were females. The proportion of males in the living population as shown by the United States Census of 1930 was 49.3. The death rate for males was 11.7 per 1000 estimated male population compared with a rate of 8.7 for females. The death rate for males has been consistently greater than the death rate for females but is not usually so much greater.
Age. Of the 731 deaths in 1935, 40 or 5.5 per cent were of infants under one year of age. A more detailed discussion of infant mortal- ity may be found in a following paragraph.
Nativity. More than sixty per cent (61.0) of the decedents were native and 39.0 were foreign.
Infant Mortality. The infant mortality for Quincy in 1935 was 36.6 per 1,000 live births, the lowest rate on record. Reference to Table 5 shows in striking manner the remarkable reduction in the infant mortality rates since 1900.
The highest proportion of infant deaths occurs in the early period of infancy and especially is this true of the first few days. In 1935, 20 deaths occurred in the first week, constituting 50 per cent of all deaths under one year of age. On the first day the percentage of deaths (32.5) was higher than on any other day. In the first month of life there were 21 deaths, or 52.4 per cent of all infant deaths. This percentage is somewhat lower than for many years.
Ninety per cent of 20 babies who died less than one week after birth died of prematurity, congenital debility, malformations, or in- juries received at birth. The second most important cause of infant deaths-pneumonia-claimed 11 or 27.5 per cent of the babies who died before reaching one year of age.
Heart Disease, as usual was the leading cause of death during 1935, the total number being 189 or 25.9 per cent of all deaths corre- sponding to a rate of 245 per 100,000 population.
Cancer and other Malignant Tumors caused 96 deaths in 1935 com- pared with 110 deaths in 1934. The rate per 100,000 population for 1935 was 124 compared with a rate of 144 in 1934.
Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cerebral Embolism and Thrombosis were the cause of 18 deaths in 1935 or a rate of 23.3 per 100,000 population.
Pneumonia caused 55 deaths corresponding to a rate of 71 per 100,000 population.
Bright's Disease and Acute Nephritis were the cause of 60 deaths corresponding to a rate of 78 per 100,000 population.
174
CITY OF QUINCY
Tuberculosis in its various forms claimed 46 victims in 1935, of whom 42 died from tuberculosis of the respiratory system. The death rates from all forms of this disease was 59 per 100,000 population. In 1934, there were 35 deaths with a rate of 46, the lowest in the his- tory of the City. Fifty years ago, the annual death rate from tuber- culosis was over 300 per 100,000. Twenty-five years ago the rate was about 160, and even ten years ago, it was almost 100. (See Table 4)
Maternal Mortality. Deaths from puerperal causes in 1935 totalled 8 corresponding to a rate of 72 per 10,000 total births. The rate for 1934 was 68. The average annual maternal death rates per 10,000 total births for five year periods since 1901 are as follows :-
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