USA > Massachusetts > Massachusetts in the war, 1861-1865 Pt. 2 > Part 35
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Eighth Company, Lawrence-Captain, Augustine L. Hamilton; first lieutenant, Eben H. Ellenwood; second lieutenant, Frederick G. Tyler. May 10 to August 11, 1864.
Ninth Company, Boston-Captain, George H. Smith; first henten- ant, James W. Hall; second lieutenant, William B. Rand: Saine as Eighth Company.
Tenth Company, Millbury-Captain, George A. Perry: first lieu- tenant. Samuel H. Meader; second lieutenant, Samuel W. Marble. May 10 to August 8, 1864.
Eleventh Company, Lynn-Captain. Jeremiah C. Bacheller; first lieutenant, Abraham Hun Berry; second lieutenant, James MeDavitt. May 16 to Angust 15, 1864.
Twelfth Company, Cambridge-Captain, Charles F. Walcott; first lieutenant, Charles F. Foster; second lieutenant, Nathan G. Gooch. Same as Eleventh Company.
Thirteenth Company, Salem-Captain, Robert W. Reeves; first lien- tenant, George O. Stevens; second lieutenant, John W. Evans. Same as Eleventh Company.
Fifteenth Company, New Bedford-Captain, Isaac A. Jennings: first lieutenant, Henry II. Potter; second lieutenant, Thomas J. Gif- ford. July 29 to November 15, 1864.
Sixteenth Company, Boston-Captain John F. Croff; first lienten- ant, Alonzo B. Fiske: second lieutenant, Luther B. Duran. August 6 to November 14, 1864.
Seventeenth Company-Captain John G. Barnes of Georgetown; first lieutenant, James S. Walsh of Groveland; second lieutenant, Edward P. Wilder of Georgetown. This company first served from the 5th of Angust to the 12th of November, 1864, when it re-enlisted for one year under the same officers, all credited to Haverhill, and served till June 30, 1865.
Eighteenth Company-Captain, Otis A. Baker of Rehoboth; first lientenant, Sylvanus Martin of Seekonk; second lieutenant, Henry M. Westcoat of Dighton. Its first term was from the 6th of Angust to the 14th of November, 1864; after which it was reorganized to serve for a year. It was mustered on the 6th and ith of December, the only change in officers being that John G. Gammons of Westport succeeded Westcoat as second lientenant. The company served till the 12th of May, 1865, during which time one member died of disease.
870
MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR.
Nineteenth Company-Captain, James M. Mason of Milford; first lieutenant, Frank A. Johnson of Ashland; second lieutenant, Dixwell HI. Clark of Milford. Its first term was from August 9 to November 16, 1864, when it was reorganized for one year with the following ofli- cers, all credited to Milford: Captain, Frank A. Johnson; first lieu- tenant, Thomas J. Gifford; second lieutenant, Henry J. Hayward. It served from November 25. 1864, to June 27, 1865.
Twentieth Company-Captain, Lewis Soule of Abington; first lieu- tenant, Horatio C. Sampson; second lieutenant, Jerome Washburne. both of Bridgewater. The first term was from August 11 to Novem- ber 18, 1864, when with the same officers it was mustered in for a year on the following day and served till the 29th of June, 1865.
Twenty-first Company, Fall River-Captain, David HI. Dyer; first lieutenant, Charles G. Remington; second lieutenant, George O. Fair- banks, Jr. The first term was from August 11 to November 18, 1864, when it was reorganized and on the 23d of November mustered for a year with Royal W. Thayer of Randolph as captain, Charles G. Reming- ton and Joseph Mather, both of Fall River, as lieutenants. It served till the 28th of June, 1865, having one man accidentally killed.
Twenty-second Company, Freetown-Captain, John W. Marble; first lieutenant, Urial M. Haskins ; second lieutenant, Chester W. Briggs. August 18 to November 25, 1864.
Twenty-third Company, Fairhaven-Captain, Jabez M. Lyle; first lieutenant, Joshua H. Wilkie; second lieutenant, Jirey Kinney, Jr. August 18 to November 26, 1864.
Twenty-fourth Company -Captain, Joshua HI. Wilkie of Needham; first lieutenant, George O. Fairbanks, Jr., of South Scituate: second lieutenant, Francis E. Davis of Plymonth. This company was mus- tered as varions dates from the 16th to the 22d of December, 1864, and served till May 12. 1865.
Twenty-fifth Company-Captain, Fitz J. Babson of Gloucester; first lieutenant, Elisha Eldridge, Jr., of Petersham; second lieutenant, Martin Dunn of Gloucester. December 9, 1864, to June 29, 1865.
Twenty-sixth Company-Captain, Walter HI. Keith of Needham; first lientenant, George W. Pearson of Dorchester. second lieutenant, James G. Warren of Barnstable. December 13. 1864, to May 12, 1865.
Twenty-seventh Company-Captain, Samuel C. Graves; first lien- tenant, William Goodwin 3d; second lieutenant, Benjamin Pitman, all of Marblehead. The members were about equally contributed by Lynn and Marblehead, and were mustered at various times from the 30th of December, 1864, to the middle of the following month. The company served till the 30th of June, 1865, and two members died of disease.
Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Companies Heavy Artillery (see page 738).
Boston Cadets, M. V. M .- Captain, Christopher C. Holmes of Mil- ton: lieutenant. Aaron C. Baldwin: ensign. John Jeffries. Jr., adju- tant, Charles R. Codman; quartermaster, Curtis B. Raymond, all of Boston; first lientenants. Joseph M. Churchill of Milton, Russell Stur- gis, Jr., and Charles O. Rich of Boston, William R. Paine and George J. Fisher of Brookline. This company served from the 26th of May
--
871
THE UNATTACHED COMPANIES.
to the 2d of July, 1862, as part of the garrison of Fort Warren, being relieved by Company B, Seventh Regiment, M. V. M.
Salem Cadets, M. V. M .- Major, John Louis Marks; captain, Joseph A. Dalton; first lieutenant, Richard Skinner, Jr .; adjutant, John Pickering, Jr. ; second lieutenants, Joseph (. Foster, Thomas H. John- son, Jonathan A. Kenney, all of Salem. This company, like the Boston Cadets, was mustered May 26, 1862, for the purpose of garrisoning Fort Warren, then being vacated by the Fort Warren Battalion-afterward the Thirty-second Regiment-and it remained on duty till the 11th of October following. One enlisted man died of disease during this time.
Company B, Seventh Regiment, M. V. M., Salem-Captain, Edward II. Staten; first lieutenant, Isaac S. Noyes; second lieutenant, Joseph M. Parsons. This company was mustered on the 1st of July, 1862, for six months, and relieved the Boston Cadets in garrisoning Fort Warren. Its half-year passed without the loss of a man in any man- ner save two discharged for disability, and on the 31st of December it was mustered out of the United States service, if its term of duty could be properly so called. These three companies were placed in the fort under the Act of Congress of July 29, 1861, authorizing the governor to use the state militia for such service at his discretion.
STATISTICAL TABLE.
ORGANIZATIONS.
Time of Service.
No. of
Members.
Killed in
Action.
Died of
Wounds, Dis-
ease. etc.
Deserted.
First Regiment,
3
1680
93
86
154
Second Regiment,
1
1
20
1855
116
156
276
Third Regiment,
1862-3
1017
1
15
5
3
635
1
()
Fourth Regiment,
1862-3
11
2
9,86
S
131
17
Fifth Regiment,
1862-3
9
3
19
938
7
()
Sixth Regiment,
1862-3
8
926
968
=
(i
1
Seventh Regiment, .
. 1861
3
1
705
1700
152
105
236
Tenth Regiment,
3
10
1255
2000
116
320
Twelfth Regiment, .
3
12
1575
128
126
190
Thirteenth Regiment,
15
1445
71
186
120 13S
Seventeenth Regiment,
:
11 19
1950
11
112
SO
Eighteenth Regiment,
2
1365
84
160
170
Twentieth Regiment,
11
2135
192
192
226
Twenty-first Regiment.
3
11
1.135
95
119
15
Twenty-second Regiment,
:
12
1440
141
143
120
Twenty-third Regiment,
3
8 27
1345
40
144
16
Twenty-fourth Regiment,
1
1
1.
1520
1-17
96
Twenty-fifth Regiment. .
3
14
1400
77
216
17
Twenty-sixth Regiment,
10
1405
194
159
Twenty-seventh Regiment,
9
6
5
20
1856
161
107
SS
Twenty-ninth Regiment, Thirtieth Regiment,
1
1
1513
27
:344
195
Thirty-first Regiment,
3
6
11
2
9
10
:
1306
SI
44
Thirty-fifth Regiment,
2
9
19
1:20
91
131
Thirty-sixth Regiment,
2
9
1817
56
198
Thirty-seventh Regiment, Thirty-eighth Regiment,
2
9
17
1820
110
188
2
10
1110
32
191
Thirty-ninth Regiment, .
8
20
1445
-14
198
1
Eighth Regiment,
1862-3
978
()
41
1864
3
15
901
(
4
Ninth Regiment,
.
3
1
1 1
26
1860
105
128
92
Nineteenth Regiment,
10
1915
104 .
83
Eleventh Regiment,
1861
3
786
S
()
1861
3
821
982
()
30
1864
1864
1170
109
143
Fifteenth Regiment,
16
1720
150
Sixteenth Regiment,
.
1861
3
4-16
=
0
1861
19
1
198
159
Thirty-third Regiment, . Thirty-fourth Regiment,
1280
69
293
-18
Twenty-eighth Regiment,
270
6
1518
17
6
21
-1:3
147
Thirty-second Regiment,
1567
170
y.
m. d.
10
873
STATISTICAL TABLE.
ORGANIZATIONS.
Time of Service. m. d.
No. of
Members.
Killed in
Action.
Died of
Wounds. Dis-
ease, etc.
Deserted.
Fortieth Regiment, .
2
9
11
1049
16
146
13
Forty-second Regiment. .
§ 1862-3
10
6
1016
41
70
Forty-third Regiment,
9
10
1064
1032
S
28
3
Forty-fifth Regiment,
9
10
1025
10
36
18
Forty-sixth Regiment,
Q
7
965
1
32
10
Forty-eighth Regiment, .
9
19
996
11
53
154
Forty-ninth Regiment,
10
-4
954
21
84
Fiftieth Regiment, .
10
25
991
0
89
27
Fifty-first Regiment,
9
13
961
3
37
18
Fifty-second Regiment,
10
9-12
7
91
9
27
952
19
1-12
21
2
3
2
1
1214
52
132
27
Fifty-sixth Regiment,
1
16
1232
69
134
128
Fifty seventh Regiment,
1
3
2-4
1047
112
137
83
Fifty-eighth Regiment,
1
19
1024
74
185
97
Fifty-ninth Regiment,
1 2
9
985
48
-
17
14
First Heavy Artillery,
1
1
11
2653
104
360
116
Second Heavy Artillery,
1
8
10
2855
1
.10
381
Fourth Heavy Artillery, .
10
1831
()
22
13
First Cavalry,
3
7
25
2304
10
167
152
Second Cavalry,
2
2.1
2207
62
147
614
Third Cavalry, .
1
9
6
1839
21
123
261
Fifth Cavalry, .
1
26
1439
3
117
124
Frontier Cavalry,
5
23
518
0
に
7
First Light Battery,
1861-4
3
16
270
15
7
Second Light Battery,
.
3
265
6
13
9
Fourth Light Battery,
3
11
23
6
378
12
17
10
Sixth Light Battery,
3
6
-1
20
400
31
9
Eighth Light Battery,
163
0)
7
4
Ninth Light Battery,
2
27
347
10
19
0
Eleventh Light Battery, .
1864-5
1
5
1.4
198
2
11
1
Twelfth Light Battery, .
2
6
29
296
0
25
Thirteenth Light Battery,
7
15
350
0
26
99
Fourteenth Light Battery,
1
19
204
5
10
14
Fifteenth Light Battery,
2
5
413
0
26
107
Sixteenth Light Battery,
1
8
16
173
()
6
1-1
Rifle Battalion,
313
0
()
Andrew Sharp-shooters, .
3
=
225
17
14
Second Sharp-shooters, .
3
9
11
148
8
13
1
Unattached Companies,
3836
(
11
5
3
20
949
1 1
13
109
Forty-seventh Regiment,
10
1
1140
1
54
15.4
39
Fifty-fifth Regiment.
Sixtieth Regiment, .
:
Sixty-first Regiment,
9
980
5
310
156
Third Heavy Artillery,
Battalion Heavy Artillery,
1-1
1376
0
1.
217
10
2216
60
203
289
Fourth Cavalry,
1861
25
118
(
1
0
11
379
1
1
-46
22
Fifth Light Battery,
3
4
5 1
29
9
265
1
1862-3
9
157
0)
()
13
Third Light Battery,
-
·
50
57
Seventh Light Battery,
6
Tenth Light Battery,
·
1864
Forty-fourth Regiment, .
9
6
225
Fifty-third Regiment,
Fifty-fourth Regiment,
1361
109
940
2169
-----
GENERAL OFFICERS FROM MASSACHUSETTS.
Brevet Major General Henry L. Abbot
O' F Boston was first lieutenant of Topographical Engineers, U. S. A., at the opening of the rebellion, having graduated from the Military Academy at West Point in the class of 1854 and subsequently served on Pacific railroad surveys and engi- neering duties in the Mississippi river valley. At the battle of Bull Run he was an aide on the staff of General Tyler and was wounded. Subsequently he was engaged under General Barnard, Chief of Engi- neers, in completing the defenses of Washington, and brought to the duties of that position his enstomary energy, winning warm com- mendation from his superiors,-as in fact he did in all operations in which he was engaged in connection with the war. During the fall of 1861 he declined to consider the lieutenant colonelcy of a Massa- chusetts volunteer regiment, and the war department refused to allow him leave of absence to accept a coloneley of the same nature which it was desired by Governor Andrew to bestow upon him. Dur- ing the Peninsular campaign he served as aide to General Barnard, rendering especially valuable service in connection with the siege of Yorktown, but during the campaign was prostrated by fever. The following winter he accompanied General Banks's expedition to New Orleans, and was made chief topographical engineer of the De- partment of the Gulf; a position which he filled till the spring of 1863, when he was commissioned colonel of the First Connecticut Heavy Artillery Regiment dating from January 19. In March fol- lowing he joined the regiment in the defenses of Washington, and till the spring of 1864 remained in command of a brigade on the south side of the Potomac. In April of that year he was directed to organize the formidable siege train of the Army of the Potomac, with which he reported to General Hunt, chief of artillery, soon after the siege of Petersburg began. Colonel Abbot remained in command of this train till the close of the war, except when tem- porarily serving as chief of artillery of the Fort Fisher expedition, and after the close of hostilities was from the 10th of May to the
876
MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR.
13th of July, 1865, chief of artillery of the Department of Virginia. He was mustered ont of the volunteer service with his regiment on the 25th of September following and resumed his position in the regular army, where he has since remained actively and honorably engaged in the Engineer Department. He was brevetted on the 13th of March, 1865, major general of volunteers and brigadier general in the United States Army, and on the 12th of October, 1886, attained the full rank of colonel of engineers.
Brevet Brigadier General William S. Abert
Of Washington, D. C., was at the opening of the war a lieutenant of United States Artillery, stationed at Fort Monroe, Va. In 1861 he was appointed captain in the Sixth United States Cavalry, his regi- ment forming part of the cavalry reserve of the Army of the Potomac at the opening of the Peninsular campaign. After doing some effi- cient work at the head of his squadron in the early battles of that campaign, Captain Abert was assigned to duty on the staff of General MeClellan, where he served till that officer was relieved from the command of the Army of the Potomac, November 7, 1862. HIe was then made assistant inspector general on the staff of General Nathaniel P. Banks, with the rank of lientenant colonel of volun- teers,-a position which he admirably filled during the service of his chief in the Department of the Gulf. On the 16th of Novem- ber, 1864, he was commissioned colonel of the Third Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Volunteers, and served as such, being located in the defenses of Washington, till the muster out of his regiment, September 18, 1865. He received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dating from March 13, 1865, and in June, 1867, was made major of the Seventh United States Cavalry, with the brevet of lieutenant colonel in the regular line. He was then on duty at Galveston, Tex., where he died on the 25th of August, 1867, at the early age of 31.
Brevet Brigadier General Charles Francis Adams, Jr.,
Of Quincy was mustered as first lieutenant of Company II, First Massachusetts Cavalry, on the 19th of December, 1861, having pre- vionsly served as a private and warrant officer in the state militia. IIe saw varied service with that regiment till the middle of July,
877
GENERAL OFFICERS.
1864, getting a promotion to captain on the 30th of October, 1862. During a portion of this time he was in command of a squadron of the regiment detached for duty at the head-quarters of General Meade, commanding the Army of the Potomac. He was commis- sioned lieutenant colonel of the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry July 15, 1864, and on the resignation of Colonel Russell was made colonel dating from February 15, 1865. Soon after the fall of Petersburg his health, which had suffered severely from malarial affection, en- tirely broke down, and in May he was sent home an invalid. On this account he resigned and was mustered out August1, but did not re- cover his health for many months. His brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated from March 13, 1865.
Brevet Brigadier General Thomas J. C. Amory
Of Boston was at the opening of hostilities a captain in the United States Army, having graduated from the Military Academy at West Point in 1851, after which he had been for ten years in active ser- vice in all portions of the West, taking part in the Utah expedition of 1854. Early in 1861 he returned to Massachusetts and for some time as mustering officer assisted in the organization of the earlier regiments from his native state. Later he was granted permission to take a commission in the volunteer service and was designated by Governor Andrew as colonel of the Seventeenth Regiment. He commanded that organization ahnost from the time of its reaching Baltimore till it was ordered to North Carolina, and on arriving there he was at once placed in command of a brigade in General Foster's division, and continued to act in that capacity till he was designated, early in 1864, as commander of the sub-district of Beau- fort. The scourge of yellow fever which in the early autumn of that year swept over the district numbered among its victims both Colonel Amory and his wife, the latter, who was sharing garrison life with him, dying a few days before her husband. His death oe- curred on the 7th of October, and his brevet, given in recognition of his faithful and intrepid service, dated from the day of his decease.
Brevet Brigadier General John F. Anderson
Of Boston was mustered as first lieutenant of the Twenty-first Mas- sachusetts Regiment September 2, 1861, and was the first adjutant
878
MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR.
of that regiment. On the organization at Annapolis of the North Carolina Expedition, he was appointed an aide-de-camp on the staff of General Burnside, with whom he served at Roanoke. Hle was afterward transferred to the staff of General Jolm G. Foster, with whom he remained during the war. When his chief organized the Eighteenth Army Corps he was made senior aide, with the rank of major, and was adjutant general of the Department of the Ohio while General Foster was its commander, with head-quarters at Knoxville, Tenn. When the latter took command of the Depart- ment of the South, Major Anderson became chief of staff, and when General Sherman reached Savannah on his " March to the Sea," Anderson was detailed to carry his dispatches to General Grant at Washington. At the close of the war he was brevetted through the various grades up to brigadier general of volunteers, the latter dating from the 2d of April, 1865.
Brevet Major General George L. Andrews
Of Boston was a graduate of West Point in 1851, standing at the head of his class and receiving the brevet of second lieutenant in the Engineer Corps. His first duty was as assistant to Colonel Thayer, in charge of the construction of Fort Warren in Boston Harbor, where he remained three years, when he was sent to West Point as assistant professor of Engineering, etc. After one year there he resigned his commission and returned to civil life, though for three years from 1857 in the employ of the United States Gor- ernment as civil engineer. At the outbreak of the war he assisted earnestly in the organizing of the Second Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, of which he was commissioned lieutenant colonel, suc- ceeding to the coloneley on the promotion of Colonel Gordon in June, 1862. He was made brigadier general November 9 following and assigned to duty under General Banks, then at New York pre- paring for his Louisiana campaign. After the sailing of his chief for New Orleans, General Andrews remained for a time in charge of the rendezvous at New York, and with the final detachment of troops reached New Orleans February 11, 1863. At the organiza- tion of the Nineteenth Corps he was assigned to the command of the First Brigade, Third Division, on the 21st of February, but on the 6th of March was appointed chief of staff to General Banks, in
879
GENERAL OFFICERS.
which capacity he served till after the fall of Port Hudson, when he was designated to organize the colored troops in the department, rendering valuable service till the close of the war. He received the brevet of major general of volunteers March 26, 1865, for his services in the campaign against Mobile, and was honorably dis- charged the national service August 24 of that year, but February 28, 1871, was appointed professor at West Point Academy, where he still remains.
Major General Nathaniel P. Banks,
Ex-Governor of Massachusetts, was among the first to offer his sword to the imperiled national government, and was made major general of volunteers to date from May 16, 1861, with Generals
MAJOR GENERAL N. P. BANKS.
John A. Dix and Benjamin F. Butler. He was first assigned to the command of the Department of Annapolis, with head-quarters at Baltimore, succeeding General Cadwalader on the 10th of June. One of his first acts was to arrest Marshal Kane, chief of the Balti- more police, putting in his place till the appointment of a loyal cit- izen to the office Colonel John R. Kenly of the First Maryland
1
880
MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR.
Regiment. The Board of Police Commissioners were also soon after arrested for disloyal conduct and held as prisoners of war, being sent to Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. These energetic measures brought the city permanently back to its loyalty, so that the secession spirit did not again assert itself. The United States troops which had been temporarily put on duty in various parts of the city were withdrawn to their camps as soon as the civil rule was firmly established, and on the 27th of July General Banks succeeded General Patterson in the command of the Department of the Shenandoah. For some six months his forces simply held the Maryland shore of the Potomac from Darnestown to Williams- port, with an occasional sally across the river, but during February, 1862, Harper's Ferry was occupied in force, and toward the close of the month General Banks moved his head-quarters across the river, pressing "Stonewall " Jackson, the Confederate commander opposed to him, far up the Shenandoah Valley. Banks with a con- siderable part of his corps was soon after detached for operations nearer Washington, in co-operation with MeClellan's movements on the Peninsula. Shields's Division, having fallen back to near Kernstown, was attacked by Jackson on the 23d of March. The Confederates being defeated and again driven up the valley, Banks was ordered back and moved in pursuit as far as Harrisonburg, where the two armies confronted each other and maneuvered for some time. Before the close of May, however, Banks was ontgen- eraled by Jackson and forced to fall swiftly back to the Potomac, not only abandoning the important valley to the enemy, but setting Jackson free to join Lee before Richmond and work havoc with the plans of General MeClellan in that quarter. The retreat was conducted with great skill and success, but that fact did little to lighten the popular depression at the disaster to the Union arms.
Abont a month later Banks's Corps, which had hitherto been known as the Fifth, was made a part of the Army of Virginia under General Pope and designated as the Second Corps. It was ordered to Little Baltimore, and thence took part in the operations of the ill-fated army with which it was identified. General Banks with his corps fought the sharp battle of Cedar Mountain on the 9th of August, in which he gallantly contested a largely superior number of the enemy. He continued to serve under Pope till that officer was succeeded by General MeClellan as commander of the
881
GENERAL OFFICERS.
combined Union armies, when he was relieved from command of the corps and presently began preparations for the " Banks Expedi- tion " to New Orleans. The general sailed for Louisiana carly in December, 1862, and on the 16th relieved General Butler in com- mand of the Department of the Gulf. Some 15,000 troops, mostly nine-months' men, accompanied or followed Banks to his new field, so that the carly spring found him in command of some 30,000 men, organized in four divisions and known as the Nineteenth Corps. With this force it was intended that he should assist Gen- eral Grant in opening the Mississippi and subdue the armed rebel- lion in Louisiana and Texas. Before moving in force against Port Hudson, Banks on the 10th of April at the head of 17,000 men marched from Brashear City against the Confederates under Gen- eral Richard Taylor, driving him from Fort Bisland and marching up the Teche and Atchafalaya, scattering every Confederate force as far as Alexandria on the Red river. He then moved against Port Hudson, opening the siege the latter part of May, 1863, and receiv- ing the surrender July 9, just in time to dispatch a portion of his victorious troops down the river to deal with Taylor, who had reor- ganized his forces and was threatening Donaldsonville and other points in the rear of New Orleans. The Confederates were driven back to Opelousas, after which no important movements occurred in Louisiana till the opening of the spring campaign of 1864. The nine-months' men of Banks's army having gone home soon after the fall of Port Hudson, their places were filled in a manner by colored regiments organized from the ex-slaves and other negroes of the vicinity. On the 26th of October, 1863, General Banks with 6,000 men under the immediate command of General N. J. T. Dana, supported by a naval force, sailed for Brazos Santiago on the Rio Grande, where a landing was effected and within a month most of the important posts on the Texas coast had been recovered to the national government. Having accomplished all that his force permitted, General Banks in person returned to New Orleans and prepared for the Red River expedition, which was undertaken by order of General Halleck instead of the movement against Galves- ton which would have better pleased Banks. The result proved a miserable failure, as General Banks had foreseen. The combined expedition failed to reach Shreveport, its first objective point. Banks's advance was met and defeated at Sabine Cross Roads by a
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