USA > Massachusetts > Massachusetts in the war, 1861-1865 Pt. 2 > Part 40
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New York Harbor. He remained there until the 1st of February, 1865, when he was ordered to the city of New York as provost mar- shal general, superintendent of recruiting service and chief muster- ing and disbursing officer of the United States for the Eastern Division of New York. He was later transferred to the same duties at Harrisburg, Pa., for the Western Division of Pennsylvania, to which the Eastern Division was subsequently added, where he en- forced the last draft in that state, remaining till the close of the war. On the 30th of June, 1865, he resigned his commission as brigadier general of volunteers, and on the 28th of July, 1866, was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Fortieth United States In- fantry, having carly in that month been appointed governor of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. The latter position he resigned on the 6th of March following, when he was ordered to duty as provost marshal general of the Second Military District, comprising North and South Carolina. This position he held during the reconstruction period, and afterward was in command of the Twenty-fifth United States Infantry in North Carolina and at New Orleans, having been transferred to that regiment March 15, 1869. In May, 1870, he marched with his regiment to the Mexican frontier in Texas, and remained there till the 15th of December, when he was retired with the rank of colonel on account of wounds received in the line of duty. On the 9th of March, 1872, he was again ap- pointed governor of the National Home for Disabled Soldiers at Hampton, Va., and January 1, 1873, was transferred to the Home at Milwaukee, Wis., from which he resigned on the 15th of October, 1880. Dating from the 2d of March, 1867, General Hincks received the brevets of colonel and brigadier general in the regular army for "gallant and meritorious services" at Antietam and in the assault on Petersburg, respectively ; and from the 13th of March, 1865, the brevet of major general of volunteers. Few men gave to the coun- try more varied and honorable service or suffered more severely than did General Hincks.
Major General Joseph Hooker,
Born in the town of Hadley, was appointed to the military academy at West Point from Massachusetts, and graduated with the class of 1837, being commissioned second lieutenant in the First United
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States Artillery. He served in the Florida war during that and the following years, after which he was stationed at various points on the Canadian frontier during the boundary controversy, with the rank of first lieutenant. From 1840 to 1851 he was on staff duty, this period including the Mexican war, where he was assistant ad- jutant general of Major General Pillow's Division, in which capacity he displayed great heroism and military talent, receiving brevets in
MAJ. GEN. JOSEPH HOOKER.
the regular order up to and including that of lieutenant colonel, with the commission of captain from the 29th of October, 1848. The following year he went to the Pacific Coast as assistant adjutant general of that military division, and after two and a half years of service was granted leave of absence from November 24, 1851, to February 21, 1853, when he resigned from the army. For five years following he was a farmer in the Sonoma Valley of California, then superintendent of military roads in Oregon, and at the out- break of the rebellion was colonel of a regiment of California Militia. Hastening to Washington he offered his services to the government and was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers
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May 17, 1861, and at the organization of the Army of the Potomac after the battle of Bull Run was placed in command of a brigade and soon afterward of a division. With this he guarded the lower Potomac during the winter following, and in the spring of 1862 took the field at the head of the Second Division, Third Corps. With this division he fought the desperate battle of Williamsburg almost unsupported, and in recognition of his gallantry was com- missioned major general of volunteers from that date. He fought with his division during the Peninsular Campaign and at the second Bull Run, after which he was placed in command of the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac under General Mcclellan. With this corps he opened the battle of the Antietam with his accustomed impetuosity, but was himself wounded and his command was routed. Rejoining the army November 10, he commanded the Fifth Army Corps and later the center grand division, composed of the Fifth and Third Corps. This was his command at the battle of Fredericks- burg, but his troops being used principally in reserve and in support of other divisions his personal part in that battle was not marked. On the 26th of January, 1863, he succeeded General Burnside in command of the Army of the Potomac, fought the battle of Chan- cellorsville, May 1-6, and engaged in the strategic movement north- ward a month later, during which he displayed a very masterly gen- eralship in protecting the national capital from the Confederate army, for which he received the following winter the thanks of Con- gress. Owing to some misunderstanding with the authorities at Washington, he resigned the command of the army June 28, and was on waiting orders till. September 24, when he was placed in command of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps and transferred to the Department of the Cumberland. There he was engaged in the various actions about Chattanooga, fighting the remarkable battle of Lookout Mountain, November 24, and taking part in the subse- quent engagements in the vicinity. General Hooker bore a faithful and gallant part in all the battles and actions of the following year until the 30th of July, 1864, when the siege of Atlanta was in progress. At that time the death of General McPherson, who had succeeded General Thomas in command of the Army of the Cum- berland, created a vacancy to which Hooker felt that he was entitled, and on General Howard being appointed he asked to be re- lieved from the command of his corps. The request was granted
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and he was placed on waiting orders till September 28, when he was given command of the Northern Department, with head-quarters at Cincinnati, where he remained till the close of the war, being sub- sequently in command of the Department of the East, with head- quarters at New York, till the 1st of September, 1866, when he was mustered out of the volunteer service. He had been commissioned brigadier general in the Regular Army September 20, 1862, and brevet major general March 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Chattanooga," and died at Garden City, L. I., October 31, 1879, having been on the retired list from 1868.
Brevet Brigadier General Timothy Ingraham
Of New Bedford was among the first to enter and the last to leave the service of the national government in the volunteer ranks. Though 50 years of age when the rebellion opened, he was elected and served as captain of Company L, Third Regiment, for the three- months' term. He was then commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Eighteenth Regiment, dating from July 26, 1861, holding that rank till August 18, 1862, when he was made colonel of the Thirty- eighth Regiment, of which he took command at Baltimore early in September. That regiment formed a part of the expedition to Louisiana under General Banks, and soon after going into camp at Carrollton Colonel Ingraham was assigned to the command of the Third Brigade and afterward to that of the First Brigade, Third Division, Nineteenth Corps. With that command he served during a part of the Teche campaign, in the spring of 1863, but his health proving unequal to active service in the field, he was transferred to Washington, D. C., where he served as provost marshal for more than two years from September, 1863, being retained by special order after the expiration of his term of service. He was mus- tered out on the 3d of October, 1865, his brevet dating from the day previous, and died at Boston Highlands February 26, 1876.
Brevet Brigadier General Horatio Jenkins, Jr.,
Of Chelsea served as a private in Company 1, Fifth Regiment of Militia during its three-months' term from April 19, to July 31, 1861, and on the formation of the Fortieth Regiment the follow-
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ing summer went into camp as first lieutenant, but on the organiza- tion of the regiment was commissioned captain, serving with Com- pany H, his commission dating from the 12th of August. He was pro- moted to major from the 20th of April, 1864, and thenceforth was inuch of the time in command of the regiment. From the 2d of June following he was commissioned lieutenant colonel, vice Mar- shall killed in action, and on the 4th of February, 1865, was trans- ferred to the Fourth Cavalry with the same rank. He was with
BREVET BRIG. GEN. HORATIO JENKINS, JR.
the detachment of that regiment which made so gallant a fight at High Bridge, Va., on the 6th of April, where he was wounded and was brevetted colonel for especial gallantry in that action. He was thereafter in command of the regiment to the close of its service, Colonel Washburn having been fatally wounded. Following the death of the latter, Lieutenant Colonel Jenkins was made colonel, to which rank he had already been advanced by brevet, his com- mission dating from April 23. His brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated from March 13, 1865. After the surrender of Lec he remained in command of the Fourth Cavalry, which gathered
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at Richmond, Va., and in addition to his regular duties served on courts-martial and on a commission to examine officers from the volunteer service desirous of entering the regular army. He was mustered out with his regiment November 14, 1865.
Brevet Brigadier General Thomas D. Johns
Of Pennsylvania, and a graduate of West Point, was commissioned colonel of the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment February 22, 1863, holding the command till the close of the regiment's term and its muster out June 27, 1864, and being thus entitled to mention among the soldiers of Massachusetts, though not a resident of the state. During the time that he held the commission he was generally in command of the regiment, the notable event in his career being at the capture of Marye's Hights, May 3, 1863, when he commanded one of the storming columns, composed of his own regiment and the Thirty-sixth New York. Colonel Johns was severely wounded while ascending the hill, but his command pressed on, and routed the enemy. Ilis brevet rank dated from March 13, 1865. He died in New York in 1884.
Brevet Brigadier General Edward F. Jones
Of Pepperell was a valued officer of the Massachusetts militia long before the beginning of the civil war, and when that event occurred was colonel of the Sixth Regiment. The promptness with which he responded with his command when the first call was made for troops, and the story of the tragic march through Baltimore and the triumphant arrival at Washington brought the name of Colonel Jones and his organization prominently into history. Immediately after returning from this first term of service Colonel Jones re- cruited the Twenty-sixth Regiment, a three-years' organization, which was largely the outgrowth of the Sixth, from which it drew most of its officers. Colonel Jones accompanied this regiment to Ship Island, where it remained till the operations against New Orleans in April, 1862, when his command by penetrating the bayous and marshes and obtaining a position in the rear of Forts St. Philip and Jackson contributed materially to the fall of those strongholds. The Twenty-sixth Regiment formed the garrison for the forts for
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some weeks, Colonel Jones being in immediate command, but soon after the transfer of the regiment to New Orleans he resigned his commission and returned to Massachusetts. He received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers from March 13, 1865.
Major General Erasmus Darwin Keyes,
Born in Brimfield in 1810, was appointed from Maine to the Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated in 1832 and was commissioned in the Third United States Artillery, being located in Charleston (S. C.) Harbor during the nullification troubles which continued during the next year or two. He was an aide on the staff
MAJ. GEN. E D. KEYES.
of General Scott for four years from 1837, and from that time till the outbreak of the rebellion his time was divided between several lines of service. He was instructor at West Point from 1844 till 1848, served on the frontier at various times, and was General Scott's military secretary during 1860 and till after the firing on Fort Sumter. He was commissioned colonel of the Eleventh United States Infantry on the 14th of May, 1861, three days later was made
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brigadier general of volunteers, and was for a time engaged at Bos- ton and New York in the raising, equipping and forwarding of troops. Ile returned to Washington early in July, however, and at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, was in command of the First Brigade, First Division of General MeDowell's army. His brigade fought valiantly till the general retreat obliged it to move from the field. In the organization of the Army of the Potomac for the campaign of 1862, General Keyes was made commander of the Fourth Corps, and was commissioned major general of volunteers from the 5th of May. He shared in the operations against York- town, and after the battle of Williamsburg led the advance up the Peninsula. It was upon his corps that the weight of the Confeder- ate attack fell at Fair Oaks or Seven Pines on the 31st of May, and for his gallant part in the battle he received the brevet of brigadier general in the United States Army. His corps having suffered severely, it was placed in reserve, and led the movement to the James river during the last days of June, one of its divisions being among the Union troops actively engaged at the battle of Malvern Ilill. On the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac to Alexan- dria, in co-operation with General Pope's campaign, in August, 1862, Couch's Division only went to the new field, Keyes with the re- mainder of the corps being left in command at Yorktown. He re- mained there till the following summer, directing various recon- naissances, some of them resulting in skirmishes and slight engage- ments, and in the temporary absence of General Dix he was in command of the Department of Virginia. From July, 1863, he was on the board for retiring army officers till the 6th of May, 1864, when he resigned his commissions and returned to civil life.
Brevet Brigadier General John W. Kimball
Of Fitchburg entered the service as major of the Fifteenth Regi- ment, taking an honorable part in the battle of Ball's Bluff, and serving in that capacity till the opening of the Peninsular campaign in the spring of 1862. Colonel Devens being then made brigadier general and Lieutenant Colonel Ward (absent from wounds) suc- ceeding to the colonelcy, Major Kimball became lieutenant colonel and took command of the regiment, leading it ably through the Pe- ninsular campaign, during the movement northward, in connection
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with General Pope's campaign, and at the battle of Antietam, where the regiment sustained severe loss. November 12, 1862, he was commissioned colonel of the Fifty-third Regiment, and joining his new command at New York accompanied it to Louisiana, where he well sustained his reputation, making the Fifty-third one of the most efficient of the short-term regiments. After the fall of Port Hud- son and the return of his command, Colonel Kimball was appointed superintendent of recruiting for Worcester county, with head- quarters at Worcester, and in the spring of 1864 was tendered the coloneley of the Fifty-seventh Regiment, which he was compelled to decline on account of the state of his health, which had been im- paired by the exposure at Port Hudson. He had also been proffered the command of the Thirty-sixth Regiment during the summer of 1862, but the War Department then declined to release him from the command of the Fifteenth. After the close of the war he was for some years pension agent at Fitchburg, till that office was con- solidated with the one at Boston. His brevet rank dates from March 13, 1865.
Brevet Brigadier General William S. King
Was prominent in recruiting at Roxbury Company K of the Thirty- fifth Regiment, of which he was commissioned captain dating from August 4, 1862. At Antietam he succeeded to the command of the regiment after the wounding of Lieutenant Colonel Carruth and was himself wounded in seven places and borne from the field. but survived and rejoined the command as major on the 8th of April, 1863. He was soon after commissioned lieutenant colonel and served as chief of staff of the Second Division, Ninth Corps, till July 1, when he was appointed Provost Marshal General of Ken- tucky and in August military commandant of the District of Lex- ington. This position he held till early April, 1864, when he was recalled to Massachusetts as superintendent of recruiting service, in which he was engaged till the formation of the Fourth Regiment of Heavy Artillery by the consolidation of 12 unattached companies which had been sent to the Washington defenses during September, 1864, when on the 14th of November he was commissioned its colonel and served with it till mustered out June 17, 1865. His brevet rank dated from March 13, 1865. General King died at Roxbury June 29, 1882.
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Brevet Brigadier General Ralph W. Kirkham,
A native of Springfield, graduated at West Point in the class of 1842, being brevetted second lieutenant of the Second Infantry, and in February following receiving a commission as second lieutenant in the Sixth Infantry. He served as adjutant of that regiment dur- ing the war with Mexico, being brevetted first lieutenant and cap- tain for gallant conduct, and was wounded at the battle of Molino Del Rey. In the interval between the Mexican war and the rebel- lion he served at various posts as assistant adjutant general or
BREVET BRIG. GEN. R. W. KIRKHAM.
quartermaster, and in the spring of 1861 was stationed at Fort Walla Walla in Washington Territory with the rank of captain. He was chief quartermaster of the Department of the Pacific from August 31, 1861, to June 27, 1865, and of the Department of Cali- fornia from that time onward. He received the commission of major February 26, 1863, and from the 13th of March, 1865, brevets of lieutenant colonel, colonel and brigadier general "for faithful and meritorious servies in the quartermaster's department during the rebellion." IIe resigned his commission February 11, 1870.
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Brigadier General Frederick W. Lander
Of Salem had been in the employ of the United States government some eight or nine years as an engineer at the breaking out of the war. Naturally of an adventurous and fearless spirit, and having been educated at a military school, his experience in making six surveys across the continent from the Mississippi river to California, one of which extended to Washington Territory, had fitted him for brilliant service to his country. Late in March, 1861, he was sent
BRIG. GEN. FREDERICK W. LANDER.
as a confidential agent of the government to Texas; but finding that nothing could be effected toward holding that state for the Union he hurried back to Washington to await the crisis, at once offering his service to General Scott, "anywhere, at any time." Being a friend of General MeClellan, Lander on the former taking command in West Virginia, volunteered to serve on his staff as an aide-de-camp, with the rank of colonel, and in that capacity accom- panied Colonel Dumont's column to Philippi on the night of June 2, leading a reconnaissance in front of the main body, posting the
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artillery, then making a connection with Colonel Kelley's column, riding into the enemy's ranks and taking prisoner a man who had shot Colonel Kelley. At the battle of Rich Mountain, July 11, he led General Rosecrans's column into action, winning additional compliments from all his superior officers for bravery and ability. He was made a brigadier general of volunteers dating from May 17, 1861, and assigned to the command of the Second Brigade of General Stone's Division or "Corps of Observation." The duties of that position were not, however, sufficiently exciting to suit his nature, and he was in Washington, where he had just completed arrangements for the opening of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad along the upper Potomac, when news was received of the battle of Ball's Bluff, in which a portion of his brigade had taken part. Hastening to the scene he was on the following day wounded in the leg during a skirmish. Before recovering entirely from the wound he proceeded to the Upper Potomac and took command of a division of troops under General Banks, covering the region from Hancock to Cumberland, with his principal force and head quarters most of the time at Camp Chase, near Paw Paw Tunnel on the Virginia side of the river. His management of the command dur- ing the winter was faultless, checking every demonstration by the enemy, and on the 14th of February, 1862, he led a column against Bloomery Gap, where Colonel Sencendiver commanded a brigade of Virginia militia. General Lander with a few hundred cavalry, his infantry being in the rear, charged the partially surprised Con- federates, captured over 60, including several officers, and put the last organized force in his front to rout. In making his report of the engagement, General Lander asked to be relieved, on account of failing health, but the request was not heeded. On the 2d of March he received orders to report with his command at once to Martinsburg, and began preparations for the march, when his ill- ness took a congestive form and he died suddenly. His body was taken to Salem and buried with high honors.
Brevet Brigadier General William H. Lawrence
Of Boston, who had been for several years a member of the Boston Fnsileers, attaining the rank of first lieutenant, was commissioned as first lieutenant and adjutant of the First Massachusetts Regi-
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ment, May 25, 1861, and went to the front in that capacity, but served only till the 23d of August, 1861, when he was assigned to the staff of General Joseph Hooker, then commanding the brigade of which the First Regiment formed a part. In his position of aide-de-camp he developed marked qualities of military genius which endeared him to his gallant chief, and he retained the position
BREVET BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM H LAWRENCE.
throughout the war and for some time subsequently, holding during most of the time the commission of major, and receiving from the 2d of April, 1865, the brevets of lieutenant colonel, colonel and briga- dier general of volunteers, for gallant service at the battles of Antie- tam, Lookout Mountain and Peach Tree Creek respectively. He also served for a time after the war on the staff of General But- ler. He was twice wounded in action, and died November 28, 1874, aged 40 years.
Brevet Brigadier General Horace C. Lee
Was city clerk and treasurer of Springfield at the breaking out of the rebellion, and his eminent military capacities, by which he had several years before risen to the rank of colonel and acting brigadier
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in the state militia, made it desirable that his services should be secured for his country. On the 23d of August, 1861, he was offered the lieutenant colonelcy of the Twenty-first Regiment, then being formed, and went to Boston to accept it, when he was given authority to raise in Western Massachusetts one of five regiments which had just been authorized. This he did, and on the 20th of September was commissioned colonel of the Twenty-seventh Regiment, forming a part of the Burnside expedition to North Carolina. He ably com-
BREVET BRIG. GEN. HORACE C LEE.
manded the regiment at the battles of Roanoke Island and Newbern and till July 4, 1862, when he took command of the brigade, lead- ing it in the Trenton, Tarboro and Goldsboro expeditions and win- ning praise for the able handling of his troops in repulsing General Clingman's attack, at the latter place. Ile was recommended by General Foster for promotion to the rank of brigadier, but the com- mission was not granted on account of the number already given to Massachusetts officers. On the departure of General Burnside he was appointed provost marshal general of North Carolina and later of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, and acted in
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GENERAL OFFICERS.
that capacity till the office was abolished by General Butler in Janu- ary, 1864. He then served upon commissions and courts-martial till the opening of the campaign in May following, when he re- sumed command of his regiment, leading it at Walthal Junction, Arrowfield Church and Drewry's Bluff. In the latter engagement he was made prisoner, with a large portion of his command, and was confined at Libby Prison and at Macon, Ga. From the latter place he was removed June 10, and with many other Union officers placed under the fire of the Federal batteries at Charleston, S. C. Being exchanged on the 2d of August, 1864, he went north on a month's furlough, but returned to Fortress Monroe in time to inter- cept his regiment, then under orders for North Carolina, and pro- cured the return to Massachusetts of those whose time was about to expire. He was mustered out with them, September 27, 1864, and for meritorious service received a well-deserved brevet of briga- dier general of volunteers, dating from March 13, 1865. He then served four years in the Boston Custom House and 12 years as postmaster of Springfield, dying June 22, 1884, soon after vacat- ing the latter office.
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