USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Municipal history of Essex County in Massachusetts, Volume II > Part 32
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The next physician here was Dr. Jeremiah Stone, who began prac- tice in Topsfield in 1825 and continued a dozen years or more. He died on Cape Cod, April 23, 1875, and was buried at Topsfield. Dr. Joseph Cummings Batchelder succeeded Dr. Stone about 1838. He was a na- tive of Topsfield ; began practice in Lynn, went to Cambridge from Tops- field in 1849 and there remained the rest of his life. He was assistant surgeon in the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Regiment, in Civil War days. He died in Templeton in 1884.
Dr. Royal Augustus Merriam, who succeeded his father in practice here, was a native of Topsfield, born 1786, graduated at Dartmouth, and was an exceptionally good physician; he died of heart trouble in 1864, aged seventy-eight years. Following this quite noted physician for his day, came Dr. Charles P. French from Boxford; Dr. David Choate re- maining until 1857, and then moved to Salem. In the eighties the physi- cians at Topsfield included Dr. Justin Allen, who came in the autumn of 1857 ; was a native of Hamilton ; graduated from Harvard Medical School. The town is now (1921) supplied with physicians as follows : Drs. John L. Jenkins and Byron Sanborn.
Wenham Physicians-The first medical man to locate at Wenham was Dr. John Fiske, where he practiced after his graduation for many years. In 1694 he moved to Milford, Connecticut, where he practiced until 1715, when he died. Dr. John Newman practiced here from 1695, for a short time. Dr. Gott came in 1704 for a number of years. No other doctor is mentioned until Dr. William Fairfield settled, about 1760. He was born in Wenham, 1732, and practiced in the French and Indian war with great success, especially as a surgeon. He died of small-pox October, 1773, aged forty-one years.
Dr. Isaac Spofford was a native of Georgetown, born in 1752, having studied medicine at Haverhill under Dr. Brickett. After a short period of practice in Topsfield, he removed to Beverly, and in the Revolution became an army surgeon. Dr. Barnard Tucker, a graduate of Harvard, moved to Wenham and practiced some, but thought more of languages and society than of his chosen profession, hence was not a success profes- sionally.
In 1826, Dr. Samuel Dodge, by invitation of the town, settled here as a physician and surgeon. He was born in Wenham in 1800 and prac- ticed in the village of Wenham until his death in 1833. Dr. Sylvanius
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Brown practiced medicine here two years in the thirties. After the death of Dr. Dodge the next to practice here was Dr. Nathan Jones, who re- mained until 1858, when he moved to Beverly, where he died in 1860. Other physicians here have been Drs. Myron O. Allen, David O. Allen, John L. Robinson, Samuel Ezra Thayer; and Frank A. Cowles, who was here in 1887 in medical practice. The present (1921) physicians who practice in Wenham are mostly those who visit the town from other points.
Georgetown Physicians-The order in which the doctors in this town have served the community is about as follows: Dr. Amos Spofford, 1771-1785; Dr. Moses D. Spofford, 1792-1832; Dr. David Mighill, 1809- 49; Dr. Pierce, 1835-41; Dr. H. N. Couch, 1849-61; Dr. Martin, 'Old Doctor' Root, 1824-62; Dr. George Moody, 1830-35; Dr. Grosvenor, 1858- 72; Dr. Spaulding, 1855-70; Dr. DeWolf, Dr. Ralph C. Huse, 1865-92; Dr. Richmond B. Root began in 1867; Dr. Edward M. Hoyt in 1893; Dr. Albert C. Reed in 1895, and Dr. Raymond R. Root in 1914. The four last named are in active practice today.
Physicians of Beverly-Among the most noted medical men in early days in Beverly was Dr. Ingalls Kittredge, a native of Amherst, born 1769, and died at Beverly, 1856, sixth in genealogical line from John Kit- tredge, of Billerica, who received grants of land in 1660. His father was Solomon Kittredge. The son followed the profession of his father, was a graduate of Harvard of the class of 1820, and studied medicine with Dr. John C. Warren. The name first appears in the tax list in 1803, but he did not become a resident of Beverly until 1804. His early visits were made on horseback, but later his large practice caused him to adopt the so-called "sulky", which vehicle was only capable of carrying one person. This doctor would today have been known as of the Eclectic school of medicine, for he would prescribe anything he thought would cure, whether it was named in his school of medicine books or not. He achiev- ed great success as a doctor and surgeon. He was among the first ardent temperance advocates ; was a strong anti-slavery man, a friend of Whit- tier, Phillips, Sumner, Garrison and such men of mark. He aided Fred Douglas and George Latimer to escape to the north-star country-Can- ada-where they became free men. He managed the line of "under- ground railroad" through this county, and could always be counted upon as true in his work for the runaway slave. But few such men have ever blessed a community. With the passing decades, scores of physi- cians have practiced in Beverly, but it is a question whether any have surpassed Dr. Kittredge in fidelity and earnestness.
The present physicians of Beverly are: Dr. Ida Barnes, Maria W. Bliss, Dwight Cowles, Frank A. Cowles, Marland H. Eaton, Peer P. Johnson, Thomas Kittredge, George M. Kline, James F. Lawler, Daniel F. Murphy, Thomas H. Odeneal, Willard S. Parker, Charles H. Phillips, A. F. Roderick, Harry E. Sears, James A. Shatswell, Francis G. Stan-
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ley, Ralph E. Stone, Lawrence C. Swan, J. William Voss, Frederick A. Webster, Hyman Yudin.
Physicians in Andover-Charles E. Abbott, Fred Atkinson, J. Fos- ter Bush, Henry L. Clark, Timothy Culliance, J. J. Daly, James B. Fuller, Ed. W. Holt, F. W. Kennedy, Joseph Kitredge, Percy J. Look, Cyrus W. Scott, William H. Simpson, Fred S. Smith, W. D. Walker.
Nahant Physician-Dr. Lawrence F. Cusic.
Rowley Physician-Dr. F. L. Collins.
Boxford Physicians-The earliest member of the medical profession to practice in Boxford was Dr. David Wood, a native of the town, born in 1677, died 1744. He practiced here thirty years. He accumulated much property, but largely through his farming and milling interests, rather than by medicine. He was followed, in 1753, by Dr. Benjamin Foster, born in Ipswich, 1700, and died in 1775. He was a skilful physi- cian and a noted botanist. Next came Dr. William Hale, in 1770. He was a native of Boxford, born in 1741, and died in 1785. The next physician was Dr. George Whitefield Sawyer, born in Ipswich in 1770. He located in Boxford and there practiced until called by death. Dr. Joseph Bacon practiced in the town with him for twenty years. These two doctors (one in one parish and the second in another) both died on the same day, March 23, 1855. Charles French, a young physician, was here in 1849, and moved later to Topsfield.
The physicians now serving the town (1921) are those who come from neighboring places and visit the sick, returning to residences most- ly outside the town.
West Newbury Physicians-The present physicians of this town are: Drs. M. B. Cooney, Charles F. Hall, Wallace L. Orcutt, Gorham Rogers and George E. Worcester.
Dr. Dean Robinson was, from all accounts, one of the most talented and beloved physicians who ever practiced medicine in this part of the county. He came to the town with his famliy in 1811. He was born in 1788, attended the academy at North Andover, and for a time was a teacher in the Danvers public schools. He studied medicine with Dr. Kittredge of Andover, a celebrated man of the county. In his last years, although a great sufferer, he was patient throughout all of his unusual pain, till death relieved him. He died August, 1863.
Haverhill's Physicians-It is to be regretted that there has never been preserved much data concerning the physicians who have from time to time practiced in Haverhill. However, in investigating the subject, some interesting facts have been obtained from a few biographies pre- served, and the same here follow: Dr. Kendall Flint, the emigrant an- cestor, came here from Wales. The first mention of him was in Salem town records in 1650, but genealogists generally believe he arrived at a
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much earlier date. He was among the first settlers of Salem Village, afterwards South Danvers, and now Peabody. He bought two hundred acres six miles from Salem courthouse, near Phelp's mill and brook, where the subject of this notice spent his boyhood and youth.
Thomas Flint, son of Thomas, lived upon this homestead. He was in King Philip's War and was wounded in the swamp fight. He became a large landowner, having bought, between 1664 and 1702, more than nine hundred acres of land. Captain Samuel Flint, sixth son of the last Thomas, received the old homestead house and surrounding lands as his portion of his father's estate. His son Samuel was a soldier in the Revo- lution, was at Boston during the eight months siege, and was killed at the head of his company at Stillwater, October, 1777, being the only officer from Danvers killed in that war. This man's son Elijah (who be- came a major) was the second son of the last-named Samuel, and received the homestead. He was a Whig in politics, a Puritan in religion and a model farmer by occupation.
Dr. Kendall Flint, youngest son of Major Elijah Flint, was born Feb- ruary 4, 1807. He attended Amherst College, from which he graduated in 1831. He entered Andover Theological Seminary the same year, and in 1833, on account of declining health, was compelled to return to his father's house, where he was an invalid for two years. His physician at last decided that he must abandon indoor life and change from the theo- logical to the medical profession. It was a great cross to the young man, but he had to yield. He studied medicine under Dr. Osgood of Danvers, receiving his degree in 1839 at the Boston-Harvard school. Early in 1840 he came to Haverhill and purchased a situation previously occupied by Dr. Augustus Whiting. Haverhill then had a population of only 4,- 300. He became a successful, leading physician, and practiced there till called by death. He served in Civil war days as examining surgeon for the army, continuing for fifteen years. Such was the career of one of Haverhill's well-known physicians.
Coming down to more recent times, Dr. John F. Croston became known as the dean of doctors in Haverhill, and medical examiner of the northeastern Essex district since 1882. The local newspaper of July 29, 1921, gave this item concerning the doctor: "He died at his home at Arlington square today. He was stricken seriously ill Thursday. For several years he suffered from a heart affliction, but he refused to for- sake his patients, many of them being of old-time families. Dr. Croston was born in Bradford, now a district of this city, May 17, 1855. He was graduated from the Bradford high school with the class of 1872. After his school career he became a compositor in a newspaper office at Law- rence, under the late Gen. George S. Merrill and afterwards worked on the Boston Herald. With his savings as a printer, he entered Dartmouth Collge, and then completed his medical course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City." He was for a year attached to the hos-
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pital at Blackwell's Island, and then returned to Haverhill to begin prac- tice, which continued for forty-one years. In 1883 he was made a mem- ber of the Board of Health, and was successively re-elected to continuous service, many years of which were as chairman. Dr. Croston was ap- pointed medical examiner for the Northeastern Essex District in 1882, and was reappointed each term thereafter. He served during the recent World War as chairman of the Draft Board.
About the health and medical profession of Haverhill much might be written had the propert notes have been preserved with the passing years ; but, as it is, only fragmentary snatches can here be given. Few cities in the United States have been as progressive as Haverhill in look- ing after and providing for health and sanitation. As a proof of such statement, it is only necessary to point to the fact that in the past thirty- eight years the increase in longevity has been 44 per cent.
It was in 1880 that the Board of Health was created, and then the average of descedents was thirty years and ten months. The Merrimack river at this point is found flowing through a valley five miles and more wide, and has a surface line along the river's bank for nine miles; this valley is drained by fifty-six miles of sewers. There are 140 miles of public highways, thirty-two of which are in the compact part of the city proper, while 110 miles of pipes furnish water service to more than 55,000 people. The parks cover 259 acres, and the public play-grounds furnish eighteen acres for the children.
The hospitals are adequate to the population. There are two gen- eral hospitals, the Hale and the General Stephen Henry Gale, a con- tagious disease hospital, a tuberculosis hospital, and a city infirmary, as well as the tuberculosis dispensary. George T. Lennon, agent and clerk of the board, succeeded the late Chester A. Bryant, who had served in that capacity for thirty-one years. Haverhill was among the first cities, if not the first in the State, to employ a bacteriologist, Dr. Homer L. Conner having served since 1906. In 1911 the Board of Health first employed a visiting nurse, Miss Anna A. Sheehan. The board now has two other nurses. Haverhill was among the first in the State to open a dispensary for the care and treatment of tuberculosis. This department has been under the care of Dr. I. J. Clarke. He has a staff of a dozen physicians, who volunteer to serve two months each year. Meat and milk inspectors have been employed for a good many years. About 1918 the board inaugurated a dental clinic for school children.
Just who the first physician in Haverhill was, is now a question none can well settle. Suffice it to say, every community has always been pro- vided with its professional men when the demand called for their pres- ence. The early doctors were not as a rule highly educated in their "art of healing," but many possessed good minds, had reasonably good ordi- nary educations, and in times of emergency were sought after. As the science of medicine advanced, Haverhill had her full share of well-
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educated physicians, yet people in those days seemed not to care so much about the education of their "family doctor" as they did their minister. He must be of their own peculiar religious faith, in order to be even toler- ated and supported. But those times have all changed for the better; fifty years has witnessed wonderful strides in the medical profession, especially in surgery and dentistry. The non-graduate has now but little place to fill in any community.
In the year 1921 the following physicians were in practice at Haver- hill and its environments: Doctors F. W. Anthony, Henry G. Armitage, E. A. Bacon, J. A. Bazin, Charles S. Benson, Alexander Blanchette, Wal- ter H. H. Brainard, William H. H. Briggs, Harry Broadbridge, Eimer W. Carter, L. R. Chaput, I. J. Clarke, F. H. Coffin, William Cogswell, George J. Connor, M. Blanche Conney, Timothy F. Cotter, George E. Crane, H. M. Crittenden, J. F. Croston, Hugh Donahue, L. P. Dorion, Charles S. Dunn, Charles E. Durant, James W. Elliott, W. W. Ferrin, J. J. Fitz- gerald, Arthur P. George, Albert J. Grandmaison, W. C. Hardy, Ches- ter A. Holbrook, A. M. Hubbell, H. C. Jewett, Charles C. Johnson, Henry Kelleher, E. Philip Laskey, L. B. LeGro, M. M. Leibel, Marion C. Little- field, Charles N. McCuen, William D. McFee, Arthur O. Mclaughlin, Carl Mindlin, Abraham Morris, S. B. Morse, Hyman A. Mysel, P. Nettle, Mrs. Minnie J. Nicholson, Socrates Y. Pavlides, Henry Perkins, F. B. Pierce, H. F. Pitcher, Constantine Popoff, A. A. Ratte, Charles F. Reed, Robert Rice, William Robinson, Joseph Ruel, John Sproul, Carroll W. Still, Leroy T. Stokes, T. N. Stone, F. A. Sullivan, Alice G. Symonds, Alfred C. Trull, Karl R. Tuttle, G. B. Whitney, George E. Whitten, Arthur G. Wright.
Physicians of Gloucester-It is unfortunate that the profession at Gloucester has failed to prepare an account of the various physicians and surgeons of the place, as was planned for by the publishers of this work, for doubtless with the long years of medical practice in Gloucester, its geographical location, its length of settlement and importance as a sea- port town, the history of medicine would indeed be replete with many interesting events connected with the practice of one of the three great sciences.
At this time (1921) the physicians, some of who date back in prac- tice a goodly number of years, include the following names: Drs. Silas H. Ayer, Parker Burnham, Hanford Carvell, Alton J. Choate, Horace J. Choate, Thomas Conant, S. P. F. Cook, Mary D. Dakin, John J. Egan, Albert S. Garland, Roy Garland, William Hale, Edward B. Hallett, Ed- ward B. Hubbard, Avis M. Keith, James H. Knowles, Philip P. Moore, Scott W. Mooring, Charles H. Morrow, Albert F. Oakes, Charles M. Quimby, Philip Rowley, William Rowley, Ellwood E. Shields, Philip Shinn, W. Arthur Smith, Arthur S. Torrey, Harper Whittiker.
Groveland-Being so near to Haverhill and other larger centers,
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medical men have not been largely attracted to Groveland. The field is now occupied by Dr. Elmer S. Bagnall.
Manchester-The present (1921) physicians in Manchester-by-the- sea are Drs. George Blaisdell, W. H. Tyler, and Robert Glendenning.
Rowley-The physician who attends to the duties of a doctor of medicine in Rowley at this time is Dr. F. L. Collins.
South Hamilton-The following are the present physicians of South Hamilton: Dr. John G. Cochran and Dr. Charles H. Davis.
Salisbury-Dr. J. S. Spaulding is the only practicing physician at Salisbury at the present date, 1921.
Newburyport Physicians-Among the pioneer medical men at New- buryport may be recalled Dr. Richard S. Spofford, a native of Rowley, this county, of the sixth generation from pioneer John Spofford. He was the son of Dr. Amos Spofford, an eminent physician, and one of the orig- inal members of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He was also an ex- tensive agriculturist. His grandfather was Colonel Daniel Spofford, of Rowley, who was present at the battle of Lexington, and commanded a regiment in the Revolutionary War. Richard S., the son of Amos Spof- ford, fitted himself for the medical profession. He first attended Phillips Academy, Andover, and entered Harvard College in the class that gradu- ated in 1812. He studied medicine with his father and brother, finishing his course at Philadelphia. He returned to Rowley and formed a part- nership with his brother, but in 1816 moved to Newburyport. There he remained in practice fully fifty years. He died in January, 1872. On the burial casket of this physician was this inscription (in Latin) "Rich- ard S. Spofford, M. D., May 24, 1787, January 19, 1872. Men never approach nearer to the gods than when giving health to their fellow- men."
Dr. George Montgomery was another man who made a record as a useful physician and surgeon, and enjoyed a large practice among the best families in Newburyport and vicinity. He was of an old family, born in Strafford, New Hampshire, in 1834, of Scotch-Irish parentage. His father was John Montgomery, a farmer of more than passing note. In 1851 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Charles Palmer, later of Ipswich. After attending various medical schools, he finally graduated from Bowdoin College in 1854. He commenced his practice in Gilman Iron Works, in New Hampshire, in 1855, when aged twenty- one years. He forged to the front rank rapidly, remained seventeen years, and succeeded Dr. John F. Young and settled in Newburyport. As as a member of the Twelfth New Hampshire regiment, he had served one year in the Union army in Civil War days. The life and practice of this eminent man is within the memory of so many still living that further details will not be entered into.
The physicians in practice at Newburyport in 1921 are as follows:
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Drs. Daniel W. Wendell, Arthur J. Hewett, R. C. Hurd, C. F. Johnson, George R. Fellows, Charles F. Hall, Robert D. Hamilton, Thomas R. Healy, Abby N. Little, George D. McGauran, F. O. Morse, Arthur C. Naron, A. J. Pater, J. W. Snow, Frank W. Snow, Frederick Tigh, Roland L. Toppan, Loring Weed, George W. Worcester.
Marblehead Physicians-The practicing physicians at Marblehead in the summer of 1921 are Drs. George P. Dunham, Samuel C. Eveleth, Her- bert J. Hall, Franklin Ireson, Martin V. B. Morse, Francis C. Murphy, Perley L. Sanborn.
Merrimac Physicians-The present physicians of Merrimac are Drs. Eugene M. Gale and Fred E. Sweetsir.
Saugus Physicians-The physicians practicing in Saugus in 1920-21 are Drs. Myron Davis, George Gale, Herbert T. Penny, Mary M. Penny, Clarence G. Parcher, Lorne Harris, John E. Vassalo, Thomas Perkins and Leroy C. Furbusg.
Middleton Physicians - At present (1921) the only practicing physician at Middleton is Dr. C. A. Pratt, whose practice extends throughout the surrounding country.
Lynnfield Center Physicians-The physician who now attends to the medical calls in and surrounding the town of Lynnfield Center is Dr. Franklin W. Freeman.
Physicians of Salem-It is of course impossible to give a list of the hundreds of doctors who have practiced in the neighborhood of the pres- ent city of Salem. The medical profession has been here represented by many celebrated men, long since departed this life. They left no record of their careers, save a few snatches here and there in the way of obituary notices, or in biographical dictionaries, many years gone to decay, with the hand of time, etc. That men of worth and high order of intelligence have graced the medical fraternity in Salem is proved by such reference as here follows of some early-day physicians of the city :
At the commencement of the nineteenth century, Dr. R. D. Mussey practiced medicine in Salem. In 1816 he was engaged in delivering lec- tures on chemistry, and moved to Dartmouth, to accept a chair in the college of that place. Later, he was professor in a Cincinnati College. He published many medical essays, as well as an elaborate treatise on tobacco. He married the daughter of Dr. Joseph Osgood of Salem.
Dr. Daniel Oliver was engaged with Dr. Mussey in popular scientific lectures in Salem. He was many years a resident of Salem, was later a professor of the theory and practice of medicine at Dartmouth College. He published "First Lines on Physiology," in 1835.
Dr. George B. Loring, born in North Andover, 1817, graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1842. From 1842 to 1850, he practiced medi- cine; was surgeon of the United States Marine Hospital, Chelsea, 1843- 50; commissioner to revise the Marine Hospital system, 1849; member
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of the Massachusetts Legislature, 1866-68 ; president of the New England Agricultural Society from its establishment in 1864; was United States Senator from Massachusetts, 1873-77; member of the House from 1877 to 1881; United States Commissioner of Agriculture, 1881 to 1885. Yet with all these public duties to attend to, Dr. Loring found time to write upon diverse topics. As early as 1843, he wrote many articles for the New England Journal of Surgery and Medicine; his review of the "Scar- let Letter" was well received. He wrote letters from Europe to the Bos- ton "Post"-"Scientific and Practical Agriculture", "The Assassination of President Lincoln", and "Unity and Power of the Republic", and the oration dedicating the Memorial Hall at Lexington, 1871, were all works of his brain and pen. It is not outside the truth to state that his books and orations numbered into the hundreds. He contributed to the "South- ern Literary Magazine", and for many years wrote for the "North Ameri- can Review."
To the works of physicians already referred to should be added the "Memoirs of Dr. Holyoke," furnished by Dr. A. L. Peirson, the learned and skilful physician and surgeon. Salem claims some relationship to all of these distinguished medical men and authors.
Returning again to Dr. E. A. Holyoke, it should be added that he was interested in all that was good in American literature. He took a leading role in all the literary societies of Salem; he signed the call for the meeting at the tavern of Mrs. Pratt in 1760, and was an original subscriber to the funds raised to establish the Social Library of Salem; he was the first president of the Essex Historical Society.
The following are among the recent physicians and surgeons of Salem: Drs. C. A. Ahearne, Charles Aronson, Frank S. Atwood, George K. Blair, Edward K. Burbeck, Frank Carlton, Henry G. Carroll, De Witt S. Clark, Camile Cote, Charles L. Curtis, John H. Dearborn, J. Frank Donaldson, Henry L. Elliott, Arthur B. Ferguson, Martin T. Field, Frank A. Gardner, George Z. Goodell, C. R. Gould, William T. Haley, William W. Hennesy, Thomas S. Henry, Thomas Kittredge, Alfred T. LeBoeuf, Max Lesses, J. H. Liverpool, William V. McDermott, Kate Mudge, Har- vey F. Newhall, William N. Noyes, Edward L. Peirson, George E. Percy, Hardy Phippen, Walter G. Phippen, George Poirier, Horace Poirier, James P. Rouler, Edward A. Rushfield, A. N. Sargent, Katherine C. Shee- han, William Sheehan, Thomas O. Shepard, Octavius Shreve, James E. Simpson, George A. Stickney, Benj. F. Sturgis, Henry Tolman, Jr., Ed- win D. Towle, George E. Tucker, Albert Webb. A number of these physicians have a practice in Beverly and Beverly Farms, but reside in Salem.
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