USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Municipal history of Essex County in Massachusetts, Volume II > Part 55
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The close of the Civil War found the industrial fights in shoe ma- chinery development just beginning, and they were to continue for many years, with Essex county the site of some of their fiercest battles. Mr. McKay's supremacy was not to go unchallenged, for inventors had ma- chines other than those advocated by him, and endeavored to find places for them. There soon appeared powerful adversaries in the groups which had been formed outside his influence, and the big company formed by Charles Goodyear, which bore his name. This company had a system of machinery for making a higher type of shoe than that attempted by Mr. Mckay, and afterward became famous as the Goodyear Welt and Turned shoe systems of machinery. Mr. Goodyear promptly turned his atten- tion to the rich fields which Mckay had so well cultivated. Mckay's in- terests had so developed that he became the controlling factor in a mass of corporate interests that covered almost every phase of shoemaking, except that presented by Goodyear, and this not through lack of effort on his part.
897
UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CO.
Among those who stood outside this Mckay circle were two citizens of Lynn, who occupy prominent positions in the annals of the industry. The first, Seth Dexter Tripp, was a most prolific inventor. Born in Rochester, Massachusetts, he early moved to Lynn, and the factory established by him in that city was for many years considered one of the largest shoe machinery producing plants of the country. His first effort at invention was a pegging machine, in the forties. The fact that this machine was not successful did not discourage him, for he afterwards invented and introduced successful machines for rolling leather, sole moulding, shank cutting, heel burnishing, dieing out, buffing, welt cut- ting, leather stripping, leveling, counter skiving and edge trimming. The principles established by him as well as some of the machines made in his factory are in use at the present time. He died in Lynn in 1898.
The second was Jan Ernest Matzeliger, a poor shoemaker, who lived and died in poverty, but who gave to the world a rich heritage in the machine which he conceived and built in Lynn for lasting shoes. Mat- zeliger was the son of a Holland engineer, who went to Dutch Guiana, and there married a native woman. This son emigrated to Philadelphia, where he learned to operate the Mckay sewing machine, and afterwards came to Lynn. The introduction of machinery in the industry had not been easily accomplished in many divisions, notably that of lasting. The lasters had perfected a strong organization, and fought every attempt to perform their part in shoemaking by machinery. They frequently boast- ed that while other parts of the shoemaking process might be performed by machine, nobody could possibly make a machine which would satis- factorily perform the difficult work which was their part of shoemaking, or in any way duplicate the secret skill with which the human fingers performed this task.
Matzeliger's conception was a machine which would as nearly as pos- sible duplicate this same secret skill which the lasters exerted with the old-time familiar pincers. He built from scraps of cigar boxes and metal, a model, which attracted the attention of some Lynn merchants. En- couraged by them, he built another model, and finally a company was formed to perfect and promote the sale of this machine which he had pro- duced. Matzeliger at this time, through his privations, had contracted tuberculosis, of which he died in 1889. The principles that he established have remained a part of the machine, which became known as the hand- method lasting machine; and despite the many improvements which have been made in it, adapting it for all kinds of work, the principles upon which it was originally built by Matzeliger have remained unchanged.
Matzeliger was of a fervent and religious character, and he gave to the churches of Lynn the stock which he had acquired, and which was his only estate. This machine, in after years, had a most important and interesting part in the evolution of the industry, for it attracted the at- tention of a young man who was then foreman of the stitching room in
Essex-57
898
ESSEX COUNTY
his father's shoe factory in Peabody-Sidney W. Winslow. Mr. Win- slow became interested in the machine, secured expert mechanics to im- prove it, successfully introduced it to the trade, and with this success ac- quired interests in other machines, notably the Naumkeag buffing ma- chine, which is still widely used in the industry.
Mr. Winslow proved to be one of the great organizing geniuses of the industry, for he rapidly brought within control of the companies he formed a constantly-increasing circle of machines and was a prominent figure in the bitter contests which distinguished the late eighties and early nineties. At this time there was no complete system of machinery for the purpose of manufacturing any type of shoes. It was true that certain machines were obtained from one concern, and shoes were either started or completed on those of another. The conception of a system of machinery under one control was not new. It had been even attempted twice before: once by Mr. Mckay and once by Townsend, who was a very well-known auctioneer of shoes in Boston; but apparently the in- dustry was not prepared for such a step.
So bitter, however, had the contests become in the late nineties that Mr. Winslow and his associates were enabled to bring about the next and last step in the industry-that of the organization of machinery, for in 1899 he brought together the largest and most important concerns manufacturing machinery under one harmonious management. The new company, important as the move seemed at the time, did not find its path- way entirely clear or an easy one; for there were rival companies formed, at least on paper, for the purpose of combatting its supremacy, and many manufacturers were disposed to view with distrust the formation of so large and powerful a control of the tools of the industry; all this despite the travail through which the industry had been passing. It took many years to allay the distrust with which this important movement was viewed.
The early efforts of Mr. Winslow were directed toward a complete standardization of the large number of machines which had come into the possession of the company, and a welding together of a system of ma- chinery, which brought about a grave question over the leases which he offered in connection with such machinery, following the system which had been established by Mr. Mckay and emulated by Mr. Goodyear. Mr. Winslow was able to satisfy the trade of his intentions in such a lease and it was, after many meetings of manufacturers, accepted by them with approval.
Actively associated with Mr. Winslow in this great enterprise was George W. Brown, a native of Northfield, Vermont, whose first contact with the shoe manufacturing industry came through his association with the Wheeler and Wilson Sewing Machine Company, of which he became New England manager. It was in this capacity that he first met Mr. Winslow, with whom he was afterwards so closely associated. Mr.
899
UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CO.
Brown became treasurer and general manager of the Hand Method Last- ing Machine Company, and continued in that capacity in the constantly increasing circle of activities and enterprises of which that company was the nucleus. When the United Shoe Machinery Company was formed he became its treasurer and general manager. Mr. Brown's wide acquain- tance and standing in the industry were factors of prime importance in the success of the corporation. Mr. Winslow died in June, 1917, but Mr. Brown as vice-president and chairman of the finance committee has con- tinued active in the management of its affairs.
When the United Shoe Machinery Company was formed, it found itself in possession of three principal factories-one in Beverly, in which the machines which had been first in control of Mr. Winslow were pro- duced; one in Winchester, where the metallic fastening and heeling ma- chine system of Mr. McKay was made, and the Goodyear plant on Albany street in Boston. Early steps were taken to consolidate for the purpose of more economic production these three plants, and after a long series of investigations, in which all of the principal cities of Massachusetts eagerly sought the location of the contemplated factory, it was finally de- cided to build in Beverly, and the large plant of what is now the United Shoe Machinery Corporation was started there in 1903. It was com- pleted and occupied in 1905. It forms one of the largest manufacturing plants in the country, and is unique inasmuch as it places in the one city of Beverly the production of the greatest number of machines used prob- ably in any industry, and is the base of supply for the great shoe and leather industry of the country.
The buildings are of reinforced concrete and of a type which time has proved to be well chosen. The original main buildings were 560 feet long, 60 feet wide and four floors in height. This size was considered to be ample for the possible growth of the company's business, but so rapidly did the industry develop that the buildings were in 1910 increased to 1120 feet in length.
The effect on the community was almost revolutionary. Beverly at that time had been considered almost a suburb of Salem, famed for its beautiful water front and the large and fashionable group of summer residences which occupied its shores, but with the opening of the works there came within the borders of the town a large number of workers with their dependents. The character of the city was entirely changed from that of a sleepy suburb into one of the busiest and most enterprising cities in the country.
The factories of the United Shoe Machinery Corporation are at the present time producing some 450 different types of machines, requiring the use of over 100,000 different kinds of machine parts varying from a small screw to a machine base weighing over 3000 pounds. Normally over 12,000,000 of these parts are made annually, and from the immense room in which these parts are regularly stored there is dispensed a
900
ESSEX COUNTY
supply which reaches to every place in which the machines of the cor- poration are used. The factory is the base of the great service which this company has established for the shoe industry, for Mr. Winslow in his general scheme of organization brought vast improvements in the service which Mr. Mckay and Mr. Goodyear had inaugurated in connec- tion with their business. This service is dispensed through a large num- ber of offices located in the various shoe manufacturing centers of the country, and embraces every feature that could tend to improve the con- stant and better use of the machines which the corporation supplies.
Mr. Winslow was far from being satisfied to allow the business to remain fixed to the machines which he had originally purchased, and it was an established principle with him that anybody who was worth while and who had ideas that would prove valuable to the industry could find a place with the United company. One of the largest inventive corps to- day connected with any industry is located in the Beverly plant, and in the process of the company's business, as testified in the suits which have from time to time been contested with the Government, it was shown that a large number of improvements have been made in machinery which were already in existence, and also that the number of improved pro- cesses which had not been previously taken care of by machinery had been reduced to mechanical control.
CHAPTER LI.
MISCELLANEOUS
Essex County Congressmen have been as follows:
Elbridge Gerry, Marblehead, 1st and 2d Congresses, Federalist, later Democrat, merchant, Governor of Massachusetts, Vice President of the United States.
Samuel Holten, Danvers, 3d Congress, physician, President of the Continental Congress.
Benjamin Goodhue, Salem, 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th Congresses, Whig, United States Senator.
Samuel Sewall, Marblehead, 5th and 6th Congresses, lawyer, Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Massachusetts.
Manasseh Cutler, Hamilton, 7th and 8th Congresses, Federalist, di- vine, Revolutionary chaplain, reputed author of the anti-slavery clause in the Northwest ordinance, distinguished botanist.
Jacob Crowninshield, Salem, 8th, 9th and 10th Congresses, Democrat, merchant, declined position of Secretary of the Navy offered by Presi- dent Jefferson.
Jeremiah Nelson, Newburyport, 9th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th and 22d Congresses, Federalist, merchant.
Joseph Storey, Marblehead, 10th Congress, Democrat, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, commentator on the Constitution.
Benjamin Pickman, Salem, 11th Congress, Federalist, lawyer, mer- chant, State Senator.
Leonard White, Haverhill, 12th Congress, Federalist, banker.
Timothy Pickering, Salem, 13th and 14th Congresses, Federalist, Colonel and Quartermaster General in the Revolution, Secretary of War, Postmaster General, Secretary of State, United States Senator.
Nathaniel Silsbee, Salem, 15th and 16th Congresses, Democrat, mer- chant, United States Senator.
Gideon Barstow, Salem, 17th Congress, Democrat, State Senator.
Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Salem, 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st Con- gresses, Democrat, merchant, Secretary of the Navy.
John Varnum, Haverhill, 19th, 20th and 21st Congresses, Federalist, lawyer.
Rufus Choate, Salem, 22d Congress, Whig, lawyer, United States Senator, distinguished orator, famous jurist.
Stephen C. Phillips, Salem, 23d, 24th and 25th Congresses, Whig, later Free Soiler, merchant, lawyer, Free Soil candidate for Governor of Massachusetts.
Caleb Cushing, Newburyport, 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th Congresses, Whig, later Democrat, brigadier general in the Mexican War, judge' of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, Attorney General of the United States, nominated by President Grant to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States but not confirmed by the Senate, United States Minister to Spain.
Leverett Saltonstall, Salem, 25th, 26th and 27th Congresses, Whig, lawyer, historian, State Senator.
Daniel P. King, Danvers, 28th, 29th, 30th and 31st Congresses, Whig, farmer, lawyer, Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, President of the Massachusetts Senate.
902
ESSEX COUNTY
James H. Duncan, Haverhill, 31st and 32d Congresses, Whig, lawyer, State Senator ..
Robert Rantoul, Beverly, 32d Congress, Democrat, lawyer, United States Senator, United States District Attorney, Collector of Customs at Boston, State Senator.
Charles W. Upham, Salem, 33d Congress, Whig, author, divine, State Senator.
Timothy Davis, Gloucester, 34th and 35th Congresses, Native Ameri- can or Knownothing, later Republican, printer, merchant.
John B. Alley, Lynn, 36th, 37th, 38th and 39th Congresses, Repub- lican, merchant, State Senator.
Benjamin F. Butler, Gloucester, 40th, 41st, 42d and 43d Congresses, Republican, later Democrat, later Greenbacker, lawyer, major general in the Civil War, Governor of Massachusetts, candidate for President on Greenback ticket.
Charles P. Thompson, Gloucester, 44th Congress, Democrat, lawyer, judge of Superior Court of Massachusetts, Democratic candidate for Governor of Massachusetts.
George B. Loring, Salem, 45th and 46th Congresses, Republican, physician, President of the Massachusetts Senate.
Eben F. Stone, Newburyport, 47th, 48th and 49th Congresses, Re- publican, lawyer, colonel in the Civil War.
William Cogswell, Salem, 50th, 51st, 52d, 53d and 54th Congresses, Republican, lawyer, colonel in the Civil War, brevet brigadier-general.
William H. Moody, Haverhill, 54th, 55th, 56th and 57th Congresses, Republican, lawyer, Secretary of the Navy, Attorney General of the United States, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Augustus P. Gardner, Hamilton, 57th, 58th, 59th, 60th, 61st, 62d, 63d, 64th and 65th Congresses, Republican, State Senator. Republican candidate for Governor of Massachusetts. Served as captain in the Spanish War, being promoted to major, and enlisted in the German War and died in service.
Wilfred W. Lufkin, Essex, 65th, 66th and 67th Congresses, Repub- lican, newspaper reporter, for fifteen years private secretary to Congress- man Gardner, Collector of Customs, District of Massachusetts.
A. Piatt Andrew, Gloucester, 67th Congress, Republican, author, college professor, Director United States Mint, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.
POPULATION OF ESSEX COUNTY-THREE DECADES
(Minor Civil Divisions).
1920
1910
1900
1920
1910
1900
Amesbury town
10,036
9,894
9,473
Lynn city
99,148
89,336
68,513
Andover town
8,268
7,301
6,813
Lynnfield town
1,165
911
888
Beverly city
22,561
18,650
13,884
Manchester town .. 2,466
2,673
2,522
Boxford town
588
718
704
Marblehead town .. 7,324
7,338
7,582
Danvers town
11,108
9,407
8,542
Merrimac town
2,173
2,202
2,131
Essex town
1,478
1,621
1,663
Methuen city
15,189
11,448
7,512
Georgetown town .. 2,004
1,958
1,900
Middleton town
1,195
1,129
839
Gloucester city 22,947
24,398
26,121
Groveland town
2,650
2,253
2,376
Hamilton town
1,631
1,749
1,614
Haverhill city
53,884
44,115
37,175
Ipswich town
6,201
5,777
4,658
town
6,265
5,529
4,243
Lawrence city
94,270
85,892
62,559
Peabody city
19,552
15,721
11,523
Nahant town
1,318
1,184
1,152
Newbury town
1,303
1,482
1,601
Newburyport city 15,618
14,949
14,478
North Andover
MISCELLANEOUS
903
Rockport town
3,878
4,211
4,592
1920
1910
1900
Rowley town 1,249
1,368
1,391
Topsfield town
900
1,174
1,030
Salem city 42,529
43,697
35,956
Wenham town
1,090
1,010
847
Saugus town
10,874
8,047
5,084
town
1,492
1,473
1,558
Swampscott town 8,101
6,204
4,548
1900
1910
1920
482,156 436,477 357,030
(Incorporated Cities)
1920
1910
1900
1920
1910
1900
Beverly
22,561
18,650
13,884
Lynn
99,148
89,336
68,513
Gloucester
22,947
24,398
26,121
Methuen
15,189
11,448
7,512
Haverhill
53,884
44,115
37,175
Newburyport
15,618
14,949
14,478
Lawrence
94,270
85,892
62,559
Peabody
19,552
15,721
11,523
Salem
42,529
43,697
35,956
PRESIDENTIAL VOTE OF 1920
The vote given below is that for the candidate for Elector-at-large on each ticket for whom the most ballots were cast at the General Elec- tion in 1920:
Harding Rep.
Cox
Debs
Harding Rep.
Cox Dem.
Debs
Amesbury
2,400
829
155
Methuen
3,848
373
191
Andover
2,708
345
21
Middleton
322
47
7
Beverly
5,649
1,333
238
Nahant
457
143
25
Boxford
177
20
9
Newbury
505
504
8
Danvers
2,526
672
103
Newburyport
3,384
1,039
184
Essex
425
95
7
North Andover
1,820
378
47
Georgetown
515
117
22
Peabody
2,851
1,975
205
Gloucester
4,771
945
112
Rockport
1,014
113
36
Groveland
633
164
56
Rowley
323
81
2
Hamilton
486
105
4
Salem
7,718
3,140
489
Haverhill
10,427
2,486
984
Salisbury
438
78
14
Ipswich
1,129
214
7 Saugus
2,591
515
170
Lawrence
12,459
4,354
1,004
Swampscott
2,650
399
47
Lynn
17,520
9,372
1,781 Topsfield
291
24
1
Lynnfield
431
67
11
Wenham
377
46
4
Manchester
797
152
6
West Newbury ..
391
74
21
Marblehead
2,291
704
68
Merrimac
733
107
37
Total
95,057
30,560
6,076
Salisbury town
1,701
1,658
1,559
West Newbury
Total
Dem.
Soc.
Soc.
904
ESSEX COUNTY
ADDENDA
NEW ENGLAND LABORATORY COMPANY, LYNN, MASS.
The history of the New England Laboratory Company has been closely associated with that of Essex county for over forty years. In the beginning, this Company's efforts were confined to the making of certain high-grade medicinal formulas for the use of physicians, hospitals and pharmacists. Later, toilet articles and pharmaceutical preparations were added to the line, of which Burrill's Tooth Powder and Paste is prob- ably the best known by the general public. In the manufacture of these preparations, great care is taken not only in the selection of materials, many of which are imported, but extreme attention is paid to cleanliness and the general conditions surrounding the different processes of manu- facture. It will no doubt be of interest to the people of Essex county to know that these preparations manufactured in Lynn are offered for sale in all the leading stores in the Eastern part of the United States and on the Pacific Coast, and that the name of Lynn appearing on every package carries the spirit of New England quality into countless homes.
The Company is a pioneer in co-operating with the dental and medi- cal professions in matter of promoting better health through the care of the teeth, and for years have been doing educational work among the schools and dental clinics and through newspapers, which has been of considerable assistance in the "Better Health Movement."
INDEX
INDEX
Abbot's Academy, Andover, 687. Abigail (vessel), 23, 34.
Agawam, Territory known to Indians, 64-66.
Agriculture and Horticulture :- in Dan- vers, 867; North Saugus, 868; Peabody, 868; Haverhill, 869; Bradford, 869; Es- sex County Agricultural Society, 870. Allen, William, early planter, 21.
American Woolen Mills Company; plant at Shawsheen village, 160-61; Pacific Mills at Lawrence, 517-23.
Amesbury-Incorporated, 42; property, 52; general history, 168-186; settlers from Salisbury, 169; articles of agree- ment, 170; first settlers, 170; early mills, 170; early church history, 170; pioneer conditions, 171; early indus- tries, 171-72; first bank, 172; first post-office, 172; Board of Trade, 175; industries, 175-78; library, 178-180; home of Whittier, 180; churches, 180- 86; schools, 657-62; banks, 611-12; physicians, 714-20; newspapers, 749- 50; military history, 791-95; lodges, 871-80.
Anchor Tavern, near Lynn, first in plantation, 384.
Andover- Incorporated, 42; property valuation, 52; polls, 52; general his- tory, 147-161; first minister, 148; set- tlement established, 148; early set- tlers, 148; pioneer church history, 149; Indian records, 149-50; early mills, 150; first ironworks, 150; other plants, 150-52; library, 152; post- office records, 152; town officials, 153; report of treasurer, 153; educational, 153, 663-64; Andover, home of Har- riet Beecher Stowe, 154; churches, 155-160; North Andover, 308; An- dover, banks, 606-07; physicians, 705; newspapers, 761; military history, 809-12; lodges, 871-80.
Andover Theological Seminary, 688. Archaelogical History, 213.
Bachiler, Rev. Stephen, 386, 388.
Baker Free School, North Andover, 689. Baker, John, pioneer at Charletown, 33. Baker's Islo, 33.
Balch, John, early planter, 19, 21. Banks and Banking - Amesbury, 172; Marblehead, 105; Savings Depositors of Massachusetts, 595; Banks of Salem, 596-99; Lynn, 599-604; Dan- vers, 604-05; Ipswich, 605-06; And- over, 606-07; Marblehead, 607-08;
Gloucester, 608-10; Saugus, 610; Beverly, 610-11; Amesbury, 611-12; Newburyport, 612-14; Lawrence, 614-
17; Peabody, 617-18; Groveland, 618; Rockport, 618; Manchester, 619; Mer- rimac, 620; Georgetown, 620; Haver- hill, 620-23.
Beard, Thomas, shoemaker, 34.
Beckly, Alice (see Beggerly).
Beggerly, Alice, of Salem Plantation, 34.
Bell, Alexander Graham, inventor, 329; Bench and Bar (see Courts and Law- yers).
Beverly-Incorporated, 42, 358; property valuation, 52; polls, 52; custom house, 331; general history, 357-73; early set- tlers, 357; incorporation as town, 357- 58; as city, 358; advancement, 358; li- brary, 358; mayoral succession, 358; city officials, 358; postmasters, 358-59; show manufacturing industry, 359; Chamber of Commerce, 359; indus- tries, 360-366; church history, 366-373; school, 669-70; banks, 610-11; medical, 704; newspapers, 757-60; military his- tory, 815-16; lodges, 871-80. Beverly Academy, 689.
Black, Goodman, of Salem Plantation, 34.
Boston Bay, Expedition to, 27, 28. Bowditch, Nathaniel, navigator, 329.
Boxford-Incorporated, 42; property val- ued, 52; polls, 52; set off, 67; general history, 186-190; pioneer settlers, 186; whitecraft, 186-87; mills, 188-89; post offices, 189; town officials, 189; real and personal valuation, 189; church history, 189-90; school history, 664; physicians, 705; military history, 783- 85; lodges, 871-80.
Brackenbury, Richard, at Cape Anne, 21, 25, 29, 34.
Brackenbury, William, of Charlestown, 34.
Bradford-Incorporated, 42, 67; general history, 279-83; Indian records, 279-80; early settlers, 280; first meeting house, 280, 282; shoe manufacturing, 281; Bradford annexed to Haverhill, 281-82; population, 282; church history, 282- 83; school history, 674; lodges, 871-80. Bradford Academy, 689-90.
Bradford, Governor, 24.
Bradstreet, Simon, of Salem Plantation, 38.
Brand, Thomas, cleaver of timber, 34.
Breed, End, (Lynn), 384.
Bright, Rev. Francis, Charlestown colon- ist, 34.
Browne, John, and Sam'l., deported by Gov. Endicott, 34.
Brude (or Brand), Thomas, 84. Byfield (village), 88-92-677.
-
908
ESSEX COUNTY
Cabot, Sebastian, early explorer, 11. Cape Anne Colony, 14, 16.
Carriage-making industry, 315. Charlestown, settlement of, 33. Chebacco (see Town of Essex), 236. Chochicawiek (afterwards Andover), 42, 148, 307, 833.
Church History-First ruling elder at Salem, 35; first church in colony, 36; church records-Amesbury, 170, 180- 86; Andover, 148, 149, 155-160; Bev- erly, 366-373; Boxford, 186-87, 189-90; Bradford, 280, 282-83; Danvers, 198; Essex Town, 239-41; Georgetown, 266- 71; Gloucester, 570, 585-93; Grove- land, 285-86; Hamilton, 227; Haver- hill, 452, 453, 454, 459, 462, 488-90; Ipswich, 78; Lawrence, 534-38; Lynn, 386, 394, 395, 398, 429-50; Lynnfield, 211, 212; Manchester, 137, 143-47; Marblehead, 104, 111-114; Merrimac, 315, 316-18; Methuen, 320-23; Middle- ton, 191, 194; Nahant, 306; Newbury, 87, 89; Newburyport, 539, 546-51; North Andover, 310, 312-13; Peabody, 556-57, 564-66; Rockport, 275-79; Rowley, 95-97; Salem, 35, 342-56; Salisbury, 115, 118-120; Saugus, 60-62; Topsfield, 167-68; Wenham, 126-29; West Newbury, 228, 229, 231.
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