USA > Massachusetts > Hampden County > Our County and Its People A History of Hampden County, Massachusetts > Part 12
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Turnpikes .- The first turnpike in Massachusetts running through the towns of Warren and Palmer was the harbinger of modern progress in Palmer. This was the great stage route from Boston to Springfield and New York, and continued till the open- ing of the Western railroad in 1839. Another turnpike was opened in 1804, running from Stafford to Petersham; both these
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roads ran through the Old Center, and were the cause of many air castles being built by real estate owners living in that little hamlet, which, alas, were never to materialize. The stages came and went each day, the farmers tilled their acres and the town plodded on without further progress. In 1820 the population was 1,197, the valuation was but $9,092.77; real progress was delayed till the advent of the mills, to which coming the villages of Three Rivers, Thorndike and Bondsville owe their existence and the town a large share of its prosperity.
Industries .- The early industries existed for the needs of the town and were limited in their products. The first sawmill was erected at Pottaquattuck Pond in 1730, and a gristmill was put up by Steward Southgate near the other mill in 1737-8. The first gristmill was built at the lower part of the present Thorndike in 1736 by Robert Farrell and Thomas Harmon. In 1757 a sawmill was added to the same dam. James Shearer built a sawmill on Cellar Swamp brook as early as 1740, which was in operation till 1790; this was on the Josiah Gates farm. It is probable that Hugh Moor built a grist and sawmill on the Chicopee river, a mile below Three Rivers, about 1775; these mills were purchased in 1788 by Gideon Graves and operated by him till 1825, and soon went to decay after that date. There was a sawmill on Dumplin brook as early as 1800. A wool card- ing and cloth mill was conducted by B. S. Cummings in the Shoreley district as early as 1790. There was a fulling mill at Pottaquattuck Pond in 1795. Capt. Patrick Watson had a tan- nery on the Ware river near Whipple's Station as early as 1766. William Mason began the same business in 1790 just beyond Blanchardville and conducted it there for many years. As a matter of course blacksmithing was an early and necessary in- dustry, beginning with John Aplin in 1733. In 1772 Capt. Timothy Brainerd added the making of axes and scythes to the trade of blacksmithing.
The Villages and Their Industries .- The Old Center was the only village in Palmer for a hundred years. The first settlers were Duncan Quinton, John Moores, James Lamberton and William Crawford. Their first dwellings were rude log cabins
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Frink Tavern. 1795-1899
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erected about 1725. Here in 1733 Quinton opened the first ordi- nary in town, and two years later the first humble church was built. In 1737 John Thompson came here and put up a second ordinary which soon became a popular resort.
Aplin Smith had come in 1733; additional houses came slowly ; the school house was not located there till 1764. William Tupper probably had the first store there about 1790, succeeded by Hamilton & Upham and a little later by Col. Hamilton, who had the only store till 1824, when T. R. Knight added another.
The inauguration of the first turnpike in Massachusetts from Warren through the Old Center to Wilbraham in 1796, and an- other from Stafford to Athol in 1804 revived hopes for this little hamlet which were never to be realized but for a brief period. In 1796 the famous Frink tavern, which still remains, was built on the site of the old Quinton house and became one of the most noted hostelries between Boston and Springfield. In 1800 Asa Ward built another tavern opposite the Frink house. In 1805 the first post-office was established at the Center with Col. Hamil- ton as postmaster. Anson Moody was the first physician to estab- lish a practice at the Center, followed by Dr. Aaron King from 1824 to 1861. The only lawyer of the Center was James Steb- bins, a graduate of Williams in 1807; he came in 1813 and remained till 1835. The opening of the Western railroad in 1839 proved the turning point for the prospects of the Center. In a few years it lost its stores, its hotels were closed, its church re- moved, and even many of its houses. It is now a quiet hamlet.
The villages of Three Rivers, Thorndike and Bondville have been erected and chiefly maintained by the mills established in their several localities.
Three Rivers is located at the junction of the Quabaug, Ware and Swift rivers. Prior to 1825 the territory now occupied by the village was farm land, much of it covered by pine timber. The dam was built in 1825 and a mill erected soon after by the Three Rivers Manufacturing Company. Hall J. Kelley was a leading factor in carrying out the plans of the enterprise, but this company failed and was succeeded by the Palmer Co., Octo- ber 17, 1831, which brought the work to completion through the
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efforts of J. S. Wright and Joseph Brown. This mill was burnt in 1863 and rebuilt in 1873. This mill is one of the important industries of the town. The village contains about 2,000 inhabit- ants with the usual complement of churches, schools and stores.
Thorndike .- This village is located in a valley at the falls on the Ware river. Its territory was originally settled by the Farrells, MeElwains and Quintons; as early as 1736 a grist mill, the first in town, was put in at the lower falls, and later a saw
The Village Common, Three Rivers
mill was added near the same locality, which was continued till about 1795. About 1797 Goodman put up a grist and saw mill just below the present upper mill; two years later the property passed to Capt. Charles Cargill, who added a clothier's mill. Soon after 1825 Aaron Blanchard bought the property and en- larged the mill where different industries were conducted. Samuel Henry made windmills for some years and here Josiah Leland made the first ax handles by machinery. Prior to 1837
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Three Rivers-Baptist Church
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there were but few dwelling houses here; the site of the present lower mill was devoted to the growth of brush. The prosperity of the place dates from the formation of the Thorndike Company, March 14. 1836. The lower mill was built in 1837 and the upper mill in 1845, displacing the Blanchard factory which was taken down. J. B. Merrick was the successful agent of the mills for many years. The village derived its name from Israel Thorn- dike, one of the original founders of the company. The village
Bondsville School Building
has churches, schools and a variety of stores; its population is about 1,700.
Bondsville .- This village is located on Swift river. James and Samuel Lamont were the first who attempted to utilize the power here by putting in a gristmill in 1749. In 1795 Darling and Boyden built a sawmill, and succeeding them several minor industries were carried on. The present Boston Duck Company was formed February 15, 1845, and the mill completed in 1849. The village was named in honor of Emelius Bond, an early resi-
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dent and leading business man of the community. The village has a population of about 1.600; has several churches, schools and stores.
Palmer .- This village resulted from the building of the Western Railroad in 1839; prior to that date the territory now occupied by the village was divided among the farms of Col. Cyrus Knox, Elisha Converse, John Watson and Capt. A. N. Dewey, with about half a dozen farm houses scattered along the
Palmer business blocks
highway. When the station was located here the possibilities of the place were soon recognized and a number of business men located here, among whom were Mr. McGilvery, John Ward. Franklin Morgan, Chester Strong and others. The MeGilvery Co. very quickly inaugurated a thriving mercantile business: three hotels, the Nassawano, Converse and Western Railroad. later the Antique, were speedily built, and the village began its progress along the lines of healthy growth. To-day it con- tains a population of 2,000, has four churches, graded and a high
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schools, numerous stores, a National and a Savings bank, is the seat of the Eastern Hampden district court with a resident judge, is the home of the Eastern Hampden Agricultural society and has an enterprising newspaper, the Palmer Journal, established half a century ago. The Flynt Construction company is located here, from which point all their extensive business is conducted. The industries of this portion of the town are the Palmer Carpet
Looking up Main Street-Palmer Village
company. the Holden Woolen mill, the Wright & Callon Wire works and the iron foundry.
Blanchardville .- This important water power on the Qua- haug river was first utilized by Solomon Slater, who came from Rhode Island about 1790, built a mill on the Pahner side of the stream, and fitted it with machinery of his own invention for the manufacture of cloth. He remained but a few years and his mill was changed to a grist mill. In 1805 Capt. David Hyde had both grist and sawmills here. In 1818 they were owned by
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Elisha Converse and in 1830 by Rufus Bugbee. In 1824 Maj. John B. Blanchard located here and began the manufacture of scythes, which he continued till 1840, when the business passed to his sons, Alonzo V., William J., John D. and Franklin, who were very successful and had a wide sale for their product. They also engaged extensively in the making of plow and shovel handles, ox bows and wheel rims, continuing the business for many years. This power is now owned and used by the Central Massachusetts Electric Company.
Colonial Houses .- A few houses remain as object lessons of the times when Palmer lived under the rule of George III. A portion of the present Charles R. Shaw house was built by Wil- liam Patterson about 1745. The Seva Brown house, east of Mt. Pottaquattuck, was built in 1750, i. e., the ell part, by Dr. Wm. McClanathan, and the two-story part in 1770 by his son Samuel. The Rev. Moses Baldwin house in Palmer village was built by him about 1767. The Joshua Shaw house was built by Shaw about 1762, near the scene of the first ordination. The Dr. Jabez Lamb house was built about 1770. The Deacon Brainerd house was built by Samuel Frost about 1760, with a front of two stories, and in the rear of one. The front remains unchanged, but the rear has been raised a story to correspond. This house was a tavern in the revolution, and where Gen. Reidesel, his wife and officers were entertained while his soldier prisoners were en- camped about the house in 1777. The oldest portion of the Charles F. Smith house was built by the first owner, Robert Smith, about 1750, the front part by his son, Robert, Jr., in 1793. The farm has been in the Smith family for four generations and is now owned by Charles F. Smith.
Early Taverns .- In the days before the existence of the daily newspapers the tavern was the principal rendezvous for the exchange of news and opinions, so in Palmer from the first the landlord was one of the leading men of the town whose in- fluences were wielded in a marked degree. The most noted early taverns in town were Quinton's, Thompson's, and Frink's at the Old Center ;Maj. Aaron Graves's, the first and second Scott, and Sedgwick's, near Shearer's Corner, and the King Tavern
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Joshua Shaw House. 1762-1899
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on site of the present Cross block in Palmer village, and the Captain Walker tavern, later the Brainerd house. The later and present houses of note are the Nassawano, the Converse and the Weeks.
Churches .- The first church-Presbyterian, later Congrega- tional-was organized about 1730, and had its location at the Old Center till 1848, when it was removed to Thorndike. The Second Congregational Church was organized April 1, 1847, composed of members dismissed from the first church and others, and located in the then new village of Palmer. The First Bap- tist Church began to crystallize as early as 1818, but was not or- ganized till November 16, 1825. The permanent church edifice was erected in Three Rivers in 1832. The Second Baptist Church organized in the village of Palmer August 8, 1852. The nucleus of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Palmer was formed in 1833 by a class of ten persons in Three Rivers, but it was not till June 16. 1857, that the church had a more permanent home, when its church edifice was dedicated at Four Corners. In 1885 the society united with the church at Bondsville, which had been formed in 1866. A Union Evangelical church was organized at Three Rivers April 27, 1876, which still continues its successful work. The Advent Christian Church was organized in the vil- lage of Palmer in 1874.
Second Baptist Church .- This church was organized August 8, 1852, and was incorporated by a special act of the Legislature May 2, 1887. It is located in Palmer village. It was formed with a list of twenty members formerly of the Three Rivers Church, but residents of Palmer village. A house of worship was dedicated in March, 1854. The first pastor was Rev. Samuel A. Collins. Jr., who was recognized in September, 1852.
St. Paul's Universalist Church was organized May 28, 1876, by Rev. A. J. Patterson, D. D., with a membership of twenty- one. The house of worship. the finest in town, built of Monson granite, was dedicated May 12, 1880. Rev. Charles H. Eaton was the first pastor and resigned after a successful pastorate of four years to become the pastor of Dr. Chapin's church in New York city.
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Roman Catholic Churches .- Prior to 1850 but few families of the Roman Catholic faith had settled in Palmer, so that the visits of priests for their instruction were infrequent, but in 1854 their number had increased to the extent that it was deemed advisable to purchase the church at the Old Center, which was dedicated for their use the following year and continued to be their place of assembly till 1876, when it was vacated to occupy the new church at Thorndike, established through the efforts of
Looking toward the Baptist Church from the depot-Palmer Village
Father Lynch. In 1878 St. Thomas Church was established in Palmer village, and has been a flourishing society under the able leadership of its various priests. A French Catholic church was established at Three Rivers in 1880, for whom a fine church was erected in 1884. St. Bartholomew's Church was organized at Bondsville in 1879, and a house was erected for its worship. It has been under the charge of Father McKearny since its organ- ization. St. Anne's Mission for French people was organized at Bondsville in 1889.
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Schools .- Because of the poverty of the people during the preliminary years of settlement no public schools were estab- lished in town prior to 1752; the limited instruction gathered by the young people during that period was obtained at home or in the families of the better informed, of which class there were notable examples. In 1752 the town was divided into four dis- tricts, and the sum of £10 14s. 4d. was raised for the support of the schools for the ensuing year. One teacher was employed to give instruction in rotation, or about two months in each section. As no school houses were built before 1767 the schools were held in private houses as convenience dictated. Soon after the above date, however, school houses were erected in the five divisions, the house at the Center being completed in 1782. The school houses of those days were very plain structures devoid of orna- ment or comfort, with a huge fireplace at one end opposite the teacher's desk, with slabs for seats and rough boards for forms, and it is to be feared that the instruction was as crude as the environments. From this humble beginning the schools of Palmer have steadily progressed till they have attained a position second to few in the state, when the ability of the teachers and the up-to-date appointments of the buildings are considered. A high school has been maintained since 1851, but students were not graduated till 1877, since which time the graduates number 219; of this number 29 have become college graduates, 19 have taken partial courses of college study, 6 are graduates of nor- mal schools, 7 have taken partial courses in normal study, 5 are graduates of business colleges, 8 have taken post-graduate semi- nary studies, 16 are now in college and 4 in business colleges. The graduates who have chosen professions are divided as fol- lows: Teachers 62, clergymen 2, lawyers 4, physicians 4, anaylit- ical chemist 1, librarian 1, music teachers 2, dentists 2. A graded school is located in each of the four villages, each divided into nine grades. There are also five ungraded district schools. In 1900-1901 there were 1,300 children enrolled. under the charge of 35 teachers. The amount expended for schools in same time was $21,579.65.
Young Men's Library Association was organized December 2, 1878, and incorporated under the general laws of the state.
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The corporate members were Rev. Charles H. Eaton, O. P. Allen, Dr. W. H. Stowe, C. B. Fiske, S. H. Hellyat, S. S. Taft, W. A. Lincoln, S. W. French, W. C. Dewey, C. W. Johnson. The library was started by a subscription of $715 for the purchase of books. Since the first year the library has been largely main- tained by an annual appropriation by the town. For several years, however, after its organization, rooms for its use were furnished free through the generosity of Mr. M. W. French. In 1890 a few citizens, recognizing the pressing needs of the library, raised $3,000 by subscription and bought a site for a memorial building, which was erected by the town at a cost of $20,000, and dedicated to the use of the library and the post of the G. A. R., April 29, 1891, with an address by Rev. Charles H. Eaton of New York. The library now contains about 6,000 volumes.
Societies .- Palmer is noted for its numerous societies, some of them of long standing. Of the Masonic branches, Thomas Lodge was constituted 1796; Hampden R. A. Chapter organized 1864; Washington Council, R. and S. M., organized 1873, with the auxiliary Revere Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star. Of the other societies may be mentioned the Palmer Historical So- ciety, organized May 6, 1899, with these officers : President, J. C. Wing; secretary and treasurer, H. C. Strong; vice-president, Rev. F. B. Harrison ; curator, O. P. Allen. This society has done valuable work in preserving many historical papers and relics connected with the town. The I. O. of O. F., Good Cheer Re- bekah Lodge, the Knights of Malta, Knights of Columbus, the Red Men, Eastern Hampden Agricultural Society, incorporated 1856; St. Mary's Total Abstinence Society, Royal Arcanum, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, A. O. U. W., Foresters of America, Kings' Daughters, Women's Tuesday Club, Once a Week Club, L. L. Mirrick Post, G. A. R .; Relief Corps, Cyrus W. Cross Camp, S. of V .; Palmer Business and Social Club, Societe de Secours Mutuels.
Cemeteries .- The oldest cemetery is located in the village of Palmer and was set apart by the first settlers, probably in 1729, on the occasion of the death of several children, one of them being Moses, the son of John King, the first settler. The oldest
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headstone having an inscription bears date of May 22, 1732. Additions have been made to the grounds at different periods, which now contain about fifteen acres. The cemetery at the Old Center was laid out in 1735, and doubtless the first one buried there was Lieut. Samuel Doolittle, on July 18, 1736. A large number of the early settlers are buried here, but it is used but little at present. A small cemetery was laid out at Three Rivers in 1837, and another at Four Corners in 1851. The Catholic Cemetery, near the Old Center, was laid out in 1863, and the French Catholic Cemetery, near Three Rivers, in 1879. The Palmer Cemetery Association was organized June 18, 1888, for the purpose of caring for the cemetery grounds in the Palmer village, and has been the means of greatly improving the same. In 1898 the town elected three cemetery commissioners, who have the charge of the Protestant cemeteries of the town.
War of the Rebellion .- During the civil war the patriotic spirit of the revolutionary fathers was revived and Palmer promptly met the various calls and furnished 197 men for the service, to whose valiant deeds the Memorial hall has been erected to commemorate. The names of her soldiers have been engraved on marble tablets and placed in the building.
Some Prominent Men of the Past .- Among those most active in shaping the affairs of the town in its early days were the elder William Scott, Steward Southgate, Barnard MeNitt, John King, Lieut. Samuel Doolittle, and Duncan Quinton. In the years following the Smiths, Ferrells, McElwains, McClanathans, Shearers. In the revolutionary period we shall ever remember the service of Capt. David Spear, who led the immortal band of forty-four men the day following the Lexington alarm to the relief of their compatriots. Robert Hunter, Lieut. William Scott. Jr .. Maj. Aaron Graves, Col. Sylvanus Walker, Capt. David Shaw, Rev. Moses Baldwin, whose pastoral service of fifty years was a bright memory in the darkest period of the town's history. 1762 to 1812. The numerous descendants of John King, the first settler, honored their ancestor's name in town for more than one hundred and fifty years. One of them, Henry King, removed to Pennsylvania and became a member of congress.
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Later came Col. Amos Hamilton, Asa Ward, John Ward, Aaron Merrick, Maj. Frank Morgan, John B. Blanchard and sons Wil- liam, Alonzo, John and Franklin; the Converses, Col. Cyrus Knox, Capt. Jesse and Col. Isaac King, Dr. Aaron King, Joseph Brown, J. B. Merrick, E. B. Gates, G. M. Fiske and Elijah Mur- dock. This list can be greatly extended by referring to the names found in the list of town officers further on. It would be in- vidious to select the names of those now living who are well worthy of a place here. They can well wait for a future his- torian to place them on record.
Clerks of the Elbows Plantation, 1733-1752: Steward Southgate, 1733-1739; David Shaw, 1739; John Thompson, 1740, 1741; John Aplin, 1742, 1746; William Scott, Jr., 1746-1750; Samuel Shaw, Jr., 1750-1752.
Clerks of the District and Town of Palmer: David Shaw, 1752-1753-1754; Barnard MeNitt, 1755-1761; Thomas King, 1762-1770; Robert Hunter, Jr .. 1771-1786; William Scott, Esq., 1787: Robert Hunter, 1788; John Allen Smith, 1789-1804; Amos Hamilton, 1805-1813; James Stebbins, 1814: Theophilus Knight, 1815-1817 ; John Frink. 1818-1828; Theophilus H. Knight, 1829- 1835; Amos Hamilton, 1836-1840; Horatio G. Hale, 1841 ; Gamaliel Collins, 1842; John Ward, 1843-1847; William J. Blanchard, 1848; Theophilus H. Knight. 1849-1852; Ebenezer Brown, 1853- 1856; James K. Child, 1857 ; William N. Packard, 1858; Daniel Granger, 1859-1863; Joseph H. Blair, 1864; Lyman Dimock, 1865-1867; James B. Shaw, 1868-1901.
Selectmen: 1752, Seth Shaw, Robert Rogers, John Thompson, Thomas McClanathan, John Aplin; 1753, Seth Shaw, Thomas Mc- Clanathan, Robert Rogers, Dunkin Quinton, James Smith, John Thompson, John Aplin ; 1754, Barnard MeNitt, Hugh MeMaster, James Breckinridge, William McClanathan, Robert Farrell, Jr .; 1755, James Breckinridge, John Thompson, Barnard McNitt, Robert Hunter, James Smith, Seth Shaw; 1756, James Breckin- ridge, Dunkin Quinton, Robert Rogers, Thomas King, Timothy McElwain, Samuel Shaw ; 1757, Timothy MeElwain, John Thom- son, Jonathan Chapin, Seth Shaw, James Smith; 1758, John Thomson, Seth Shaw, Timothy McElwain, Jonathan Chapin,
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Samuel Shaw, Jr .; 1759, John Thomson, Seth Shaw, Timothy McElwain, John Smith, John King; 1760, John Thomson, Wil- liam Scott, Timothy McElwain, Seth Shaw, John King; 1761, John Thomson, William Scott, Seth Shaw, Timothy McElwain, John King; 1762, John Thomson, Seth Shaw, John King, Tim- othy MeElwain, William McClanathan; 1763, William Scott, James Breckinridge, Seth Shaw, John Smith, Robert Rogers; 1764, James Breckinridge, Robert Rogers, Seth Shaw, William McClanathan, John Smith; 1765, William Scott, Seth Shaw, Robert Rogers; 1766, William Scott, Robert Rogers, Seth Shaw ; 1767, Seth Shaw, Robert Rogers, William Scott, William Mc- Clanathan, Samuel Shaw; 1768, Seth Shaw, Robert Rogers, Wil- liam Scott, Samuel Shaw, William McClanathan; 1769, Lieut. William Scott, Deacon Seth Shaw, Robert Rogers, Sr., Samuel Shaw, William McClanathan; 1770, Lieut. William Scott, Dea- con Seth Shaw, Elder Robert Rogers, Elder William McClana- than, David Spear: 1771. Lieut. William Scott, Phineas Mixter, John McMaster; 1772, Lieut. William Scott, Deacon Seth Shaw, Phineas Mixter, John McMaster, David Spear; 1773, David Spear, Lieut. William Scott, John McMaster, Robert Brown, Robert Ferrell; 1774, Lieut. William Scott, David Spear, John McMaster, Robert Ferrell, Robert Brown; 1775, Lieut. William Scott, Capt. David Spear, Robert Ferrell, Robert Brown, Lieut. Joshua Shaw; 1776. Capt. David Spear, Lieut. Joshua Shaw, James Smith, Thomas King, Capt. Aaron Graves; 1777, Phineas Mixter. Deacon John McMaster, Deacon John Smith, Robert Ferrell, Lieut. Ebenezer Jones; 1778, Capt. David Spear, Deacon Thomas King. Lieut. Joshua Shaw, Capt. David Spear, Aaron Graves, Samuel McClanathan; 1779, Capt. David Spear, Lieut. Joshua Shaw, Capt. Aaron Graves, Robert Hunter, Lieut. Robert McMaster; 1780, Robert Ferrell, Joshua MeMaster, Deacon John Smith, John Quinton, Samuel Shaw; 1781, John McMaster, John Quinton, Samuel Shaw. John Rogers, Samuel Cummings; 1782, Capt. David Spear, Maj. Aaron Graves, Francis Breckenridge, John Thomson, Capt. Patrick Watson : 1783, Capt. David Spear, Maj Aaron Graves, Francis Breckenridge. John Thomson, Lieut. John King: 1784, Maj. Aaron Graves, Lieut. David King,
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