USA > Massachusetts > Bristol County > Our country and its people; a descriptive and biographical record of Bristol County, Massachusetts > Part 32
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Under the auspices of this company the Calico Printing Works were started in 1823 by Crocker & Richmond, hundreds of skilled workmen were imported and buildings erected from time to time until a space of about four acres was covered. The business proved an unsatisfactory investment, and in 1833 it was voted to close it as soon as practicable.
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GUBELMAN PHOTO-GRAVURE CO.
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THE CITY OF TAUNTON.
In 1834 Charles Richmond retired from the company, taking the brick mill property, machine shops, etc., for his share. In 1835 James K. Mills & Co., who had been associated in the older company, retired and received the Whittenton Mills as their share. Meanwhile, in 1833, the Bristol Print Works were organized and purchased the entire print works of the Taunton Manufacturing Company. The business was not profitable under a low tariff, and was brought to a close in 1845. In 1840 the entire property of the Taunton Manufacturing Company had become reduced through exchanges and sales to the franchise of the Hopewell Mills and appurtenances, owned by Harrison G. Otis and others, which were operated a year or two and were transferred to Cyrus Lothrop of Easton.
About one hundred years ago, on Mill River, a little below the old grist mill and saw mill dam before mentioned, stood a small, so-called cutting mill, owned by Samuel Leonard, where nails were cut and headed by hand. This was the first nail-cutting machine in Taunton. There Charles Richmond conceived the plan of building a cotton mill, and accordingly purchased the old Leonard & Dean slitting mill, and the saw mill dam and privilege above. The dam he soon afterwards raised ten feet. His cotton mill, which was completed in 1818, was of stone and brick, and one hundred feet in length. The basement was used for a machine shop and nail factory. In 1821 Mr. Richmond built another mill of about the same size near by, both containing one hun- dred and fifty looms. Horatio Leonard & Co. built a small rolling mill at the west end of the dam, which was operated a few years. Those Hopewell Mills were merged in the capital stock of the Taunton Man- ufacturing Company in 1823, as before stated, and in 1844 passed to Cyrus Lothrop. After his death, May 21, 1854, the property passed to Charles Albro, the former superintendent, who manufactured cotton fabrics about forty years. In 1888 the mills were transferred to L. Beebe & Co. of Boston.
The extensive silver and plated ware manufactory of Reed & Barton was founded in 1835 by Henry G. Reed and Charles E. Barton. The britannia business in Taunton was begun early in the century by Isaac Babbitt, in a small shop near his jeweler's store, in rear of the Union block site. He was an ingenious mechanic, and manufactured domestic utensils of britannia ware, which found a ready sale. Form- ing a partnership with William W. Crossman, another mechanic, they leased a room and power in Roswell Ballard's fulling mill, on the site
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
of the Field Tack Works. There Babbitt & Crossman produced, in 1824, the first britannia articles made in the United States-inkstands, shaving boxes, looking-glass frames, etc. Metal for teapots and other articles was afterwards rolled in plate. The business met with success, and to give them larger accommodations a brick factory was built in 1827 on School street. In 1828 William Allen West and Zephaniah A. Leonard associated with Mr. Crossman, as Crossman, West & Leonard, Mr. Babbitt remaining as metallurgist. In that manufactory Henry C. Reed and Charles E. Barton began their apprenticeship in 1828. To obtain more economical power, the company erected, in 1830, a brick factory on the west side of Mill River, which long remained a part of- the Reed & Barton works, and organized the Taunton Britannia Manu- facturing Company. After a few years of unsuccessful experimenting to compete with imported goods, the company closed business, leaving a portion of their machinery in custody of their apprentices, Reed and Barton. These young men, armed with practical experience, ability and industry, and with small capital, and the services of an agent, hired a part of the building and power in 1835. They were success ful. Associating with themselves Gustavus Leonard, they rented the buildings, machinery and privileges, and extended their operations under the firm name of Leonard, Reed & Barton. The business was now no longer a doubtful experiment, and their product rapidly at- tained a high reputation. This was largely extended by an exhibition of their wares in the American Institute in 1838, where it came into successful competition with foreign goods. The Institute awarded them a gold medal. Mr. Leonard died in April, 1845, and Henry H. Fish took his place in the firm. In 1859 George Brabrook, who had been connected with the business of the firm, was admitted as a partner. Mr. Barton died September 13, 1867, and Messrs. Reed, Brabrook and Fish purchased the interest of their late associate, still retaining the widely- known name of Reed & Barton. Mr. Fish died January 13, 1882, and his sons, George H. and Frank L. Fish, took the management of their father's interest in the business. In 1889 the manufacture of sterling silverware was added. This is now one of the largest and most success- ful establishments in this line of business in the United States. In 1888 the Reed & Barton Corporation was incorporated with a capital of $600,000.
The Whittenton Mills were incorporated with the Taunton Manu- facturing Company in 1823, under management of James K. Mills &
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THE CITY OF TAUNTON.
Co., of Boston. In 1831-2 a new stone mill was built, in which were placed seventy looms, for the manufacture of finer grades of goods. In May, 1835, Mills & Co. closed their connection with the Taunton com- pany and resumed proprietorship of the mills. In September, 1836, Willard Lovering took the agency of the Whittenton Mills, and becom- ing a joint proprietor, made many improvements in the manufacture of goods. In January, 1839, the older mill referred to was destroyed by fire. Under Mr. Lovering's management the business proved suc- cessful, but the Boston firm, having embarked in other unfortunate en- terprises, closed their business in 1857, under the financial pressure of that year. In 1858 Mr. Lovering and his son purchased all the prop- erty of the Whittenton Mills corporation, and inaugurated a period of of remarkable business and manufacturing success. A few years be- fore the death of Willard Lovering, December 15, 1875, his sons, Charles L., William C. and Henry M. Lovering, became proprietors of the mills. In January, 1880, the Whittenton Mills Manufacturing Com pany was incorporated with a capital of $600,000. Officers, William C. Lovering, president; Charles L. Lovering, treasurer; Henry M. Lov- ering, agent and clerk.
The history of the Oakland Mills begins with the purchase, by Capt. Silas Shepard, in 1827, of a privilege on Rumford River, three miles west of the Center, where he built a dam and a stone factory, which were completed in 1828. There, for several years, he made cotton yarn. In 1831 he added looms and began weaving cotton cloth, which he changed several years later to the manufacture of cotton, or Canton flannel. He took his son-in-law, Lewis R. Chesbrough, into partner- ship, and under their management the mills were enlarged. Captain Shepard died in December, 1864, and the business was continued a few years by his partner. In 1869 Amos F. Howard and son purchased these so-called Oakland Mills, made extensive improvements, added new machinery, and in 1880 built a new structure, 138 by 68 feet, and another 46 by 35 feet, doubling the capacity of manufacture. Both of the Howards died in 1881, and the mills passed to the management of Joseph S. Tidd, son-in-law of Amos F. Howard.
A certain grant obtained in 1813 by Stephen King, to build a dam across Taunton River a short distance above the site of the Old Colony Iron Works, was soon purchased by Horatio Leonard & Co. (Crocker & Richmond), who removed the dam to its later situation and in 1824 built a forge for making charcoal iron. Coal became expensive, and
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
in 1827 expert English iron workers were employed and the manufac- ture begun with bituminous coal, while facilities for making nail plates and shovels were extended. Increase and Charles Robinson came from Bridgewater in 1828, but the former returned the next year and was succeeded by his brother Enoch. The works suspended about a year during the panic of 1837. In 1844 the Old Colony Iron Company was organized with a capital of $260,000; Samuel L. Crocker, president; Charles Robinson, treasurer. The works were mostly burned August 7, 1881, and the business closed.
In 1826 the firm of Crocker Brothers (William A., Samuel L. and George A. ) was formed for the manufacture of copper on Wading River in Norton, a privilege formerly owned by Crocker & Richmond for the same purpose. In 1831 those three men, with Daniel Brewer and Na- thaniel Crandell and associates, were incorporated as the Taunton Cop- per Manufacturing Company, with capital of $200,000. The works were doubled in capacity and variety of product, and in 1849 a large plant was built at Weir village. A very large business was carried on and the capital increased to $600,000 and again to $900,000. This was reduced in recent years on account of reverses to $450,000. Between 1854, when William A. Crocker died, and 1884, most of the energetic men who had been connected with the works passed away, and in the year last named a reorganization was effected and the capital reduced to $252,000, with George N. Woodward, president, Henry F .. Bassett, treasurer, and a new board of directors.
The Taunton Locomotive Manufacturing Company began business in 1846 and was incorporated in the next year by William A. Crocker, Willard W. Fairbanks, William Raymond Lee and their associates, with a capital of $50,000. Mr. Crocker was chosen president and Mr. Fair- banks agent and treasurer. After several changes in officers down to 1862, Samuel L. Crocker was elected president and served until his death, February 10, 1883. The capital was increased from time to time until in 1864 it was $218,500. Nahum Stetson succeeded Mr. Crocker as president. This was among the first locomotive works in New England and soon gained a high reputation. In 1883 the com- pany added to its business the manufacture of the Huber printing press.
The site of the well known A. Field & Sons' Tack Works includes that of Deacon Roswell Ballard's fulling mill, on Spring street, in which Albert Field leased a room in 1827 and began with two machines making shoe nails and tacks, which he carried to his customers by
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THE CITY OF TAUNTON.
team. From this small beginning the business and plant were ex- tended until finally an area of two acres was covered by the various buildings. The Taunton Tack Company was organized in 1854 by a few practical tack makers and others, with capital of $20,000. The directors were Daniel Reed, jr., Joseph Dunbar, Robert Crossman 2d, Gideon Perkins, jr., and Charles Foster; the latter was elected pres- ident, Mr. Crossman, secretary, and Mr. Perkins, agent and treasurer. In 1855 the company was incorporated with Gideon Perkins, jr., Dan- iel Reed, jr., Philander W. Dean, James C. Brown and Albert Hunter, directors; James C. Brown, president; Daniel Reed, jr., treasurer. The capital was increased in 1870 to $60,000 and the works removed to new buildings on Weir street, and the manufacture of rivets and bolts added. In 1873 the capital was again increased to $120,000. A fire in July, 1878, partially destroyed the works, and they were rebuilt. Both this industry and the A. Field & Sons' works were, in 1891, merged with the Atlas Tack Company, of Boston.
The founder of the Mason Machine Works, in Taunton, was William Mason, a skillful practical mechanic, who was engaged in building ma- chinery in different locations about ten years before he erected the first structure on the site of the present plant in 1845. His reputation for skill and reliability was already established and he had no difficulty in obtaining capital for extending his business. He had obtained valuable patents on his self-acting cotton mule, and soon had a large industry under the style of William Mason & Co. The buildings erected com- prised a foundry 100 by 50 feet; a smithy 100 by 30 feet, and a machine shop 315 by 45 feet, three stories high, and all equipped with the best of tools. Later an additional shop was built, 100 by 56 feet. In 1852 preparations were made for locomotive building and the first one was turned out in the following year. Through various improvements and the general excellence of the work these engines soon became known as favorably as the Mason cotton machinery. The financial crisis of 1857 and the failure of Boston partners caused a suspension of the works a few months, but a settlement was effected in 1858, under which the business was renewed under Mr. Mason's name. In 1861 he accepted a contract to manufacture 100,000 Springfield rifles for the government, but the order was afterwards reduced to 30,000, after costly machinery had been designed and made for the work, involving heavy loss. After the close of the war the works were operated to their fullest capacity in building locomotives, cotton machinery and other products, and the
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
plant was greatly extended by 1880. Mr. Mason died May 25, 1883, but the great business continues to the present time as a corporation, with Frederick Mason, president, and William H. Bent, treasurer.
An early industry was the Presbrey Stove Lining Company, estab- lished in 1826, and incorporated in 1866 with capital of $28,000; the works cover an area of two acres.
The Crucible Company was established about sixty years ago, by Charles R. Vickery, Charles R. Atwood and Joseph Dixon. To extend the business they removed it to Weir village and in 1851 were incor- porated as the Phoenix Manufacturing Company, with capital of $30, - 000, for the manufacture of plumbago crucibles.
What are known as Sproat's Mills, manufacturing box-boards and nail kegs, were built by James Sproat in 1837. He died in 1857 and was succeeded by his son, James H. Sproat, who died in 1890. Since then the mills have been operated by James C. Sproat.
The Taunton Oil Cloth Company was incorporated in 1850, with capital of $25,000; the first president was Charles Robinson. A suc- cessful business in the manufacture of oil cloth has ever since been car- ried on. The manufacture of stoneware pottery was carried on as early as 1772 by Maj. William Sever, opposite his residence, on the historic No. 2 Landing Place, before described. There the first stoneware made in Bristol county was turned out. Much of the clay was brought by the Gayhead Indians. The business was afterwards conducted by his sons, John and William, until about 1830.
In 1845 Dea. Lemuel Leonard built a small foundry below Whitten- ton Mills for casting stoves and small ware. His son, Lemuel M. Leonard, was afterwards associated in the business and the foundry was enlarged. After Deacon Leonard's death, in 1868, the son built a larger plant on Wales street and continued its operation until his death, in 1876. The Leonard Co-operative Foundry Company was organized in 1877 with capital of $25,000. In 1891 it was reorganized as the New England Stove Company.
The Anthony & Cushman Tack Company was founded in 1864, when the works below Weir village were started. The business increased and in 1882 was removed to what was formerly the Bay State Screw Works on Court street.
The manufacture of brick has been an extensive industry in and around Taunton for many years. The largest company in this business is the Taunton Brick Company, organized in 1868, with capital of $75,000.
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THE CITY OF TAUNTON.
Besides these numerous industries in Taunton, most of which were established in years long past, there are many others of comparatively recent origin. Among these may be mentioned the Elizabeth Pool Mills, on Adams street, incorporated in 1877, the capital of which is now $100,000. The product is fine cotton flannels. The Canoe River Mills, built on the west side of the river in 1882. The Nemasket Mills, incorporated in 1891, with capital of $300,000; this mill building is four hundred feet long, three stories, the product being cotton cloth. The Eagle Cotton Mill Company was incorporated in 1860 with capital of $60,000. The Cohannet Mills were incorporated in 1874 with capi- tal of $100,000, and a brick mill was at once built 330 by 50 feet, two stories, for spinning cotton yarn; capital increased in 1881 to $200, 000 and a second mill erected. In 1890 a third mill was built at Weir vil- lage larger than either of the others. The capital is now $600,000 and the largest business of this kind in New England is carried on.
The West Silver Company, successor to the Porter Britannia Com- pany, is a successful industry. M. M. Rhodes & Sons began the man- ufacture of shoe buttons and eyelets in 1861. Horatio L. Cushman & Co. have been in the same business since 1882. Prominent brick man- ufacturers not mentioned before are the Weir Brick Co., John W. Hart & Co., the Williams Brick Co., and A. B. Staples. Other important industries are the New Process Twist Drill Co., incorporated 1888; the Champion Ring Traveler Manufacturing Co., the Union Stove Lining Co., the Cobb Stove and Machine Co., the New England Stove Co., the Weir Stove Co., White, Warner & Co., stoves, D. A. Trefethen, brass founder, with a number of carriage makers, box manufacturers, sash and door makers, and the usual smaller shops.
The Nemasket Mills were incorporated in 1891 and in 1892 a brick mill was finished at East Taunton, 427 by 187 feet, three stories. The capital is $400,000. The mill has 35,000 spindles and employs about three hundred hands. Lewis Williams has been president, and Abbott F. Lawrence, secretary and treasurer, from the first. Directors, Nomus Paige, Frank L. Cady, Abbott F. Lawrence, William H. Bent, Charles L. Macomber (also agent and manager), Arthur M. Alger, Lewis Williams.
The Corr Manufacturing Company is also located at East Taunton, and was incorporated in 1895, and their building erected in 1896. Peter H. Corr has been president from the first, and Herbert H. Shum- way, treasurer and agent. The capital is $400,000 and four hundred and ten operators are employed in the production of cotton cloth. The
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
mill has 41,000 spindles and 1,856 looms. Directors, Peter H. Corr, Herbert H. Shumway, Arthur M. Alger, William H. Bent, of Taunton, C. H. Sears, J. E. Osborn, of Fall River, C. H. Hutchins, of Worces- ter.
It is not known just when the post-office was first established in Taunton. The earliest record accessible shows Nicholas Tillinghast as postmaster from March 20, 1793, to July 1, 1803, when he was succeed- ed by Samuel Hodges. He held the office less than a year, and was succeeded January 1, 1804, by James Hodges. He was postmaster six years and was followed on December 8, 1810, by James L. Hodges, who held the office about sixteen years, and was succeeded on Septem- ber 9, 1826, by Joseph L. Lord. The later postmasters have been as follows: Charles R. Vickery, March 23, 1835; William Brewster, May 12, 1849; Abijah M. Ide, jr., July 1, 1853; Joseph E. Wilbar, December 18, 1861; Abijah M. Ide, January 15, 1866; Samuel O. Dunbar, April 22, 1869; Elias E. Fuller, March 26, 1873; W. F. Kennedy, 1885; Elias E. Fuller, 1889; Sumner B. Sargent, 1893; W. E. Dunbar, 1897.
The present government building was erected on what has been known as the "city hall lot," which was presented to the government by the municipality. The appropriation for the building was made in 1895, and the contract was let on June 18 of the same year. The post- office was opened in the building July 14, 1897.
BOARD OF TRADE .- During several years prior to 1897 the merchants of Taunton considered and discussed the desirability of having an organ- ization in the city for mutual benefit and the general business welfare of the place. Early in March, 1897, about thirty men met and took the initiative towards the formation of such an organization. Dudley M. Holman was chosen chairman of the meeting and Bion C. Pierce sec- retary. A committee, with Frederick S. Hall chairman, was appointed to prepare a constitution and by-laws. After several other meetings the organization of the Taunton Board of Trade was perfected with the following officers; President, Frederick S. Hall; vice presidents, Peter H. Corr, S. F. Hammett and Porter W. Hewins; secretary, Dudley M. Holman; treasurer, Orville A. Barker. The executive committee com- prised these officers and H. H. Shumway, Bion C. Pierce, Alfred B. Williams, M. C. Golden, J. B. Murphy, William M. Lovering, A. C. Bent, H. F. Bassett and T. F. Cavanaugh. The board has a membership of more than two hundred and fifty and is destined to greatly benefit the city.
QUEELMAN PHOTO-GRAVURE Ca.
Nathaniel MM. Fish
THE CITY OF TAUNTON.
TOWN AND CITY OFFICERS.
TOWN CLERKS.
1665-94, Shadrach Wilbore,
1708, John Wilbore,
1858-62, Henry C. Porter,
1725, Benjamin Wilbore,
1862-65,
1740-1820, James Williams, jr.,
1821-34, Alfred Williams,
1835-44, Edmund Anthony,
1845, Francis S. Monroe,
1846-54, James P. Ellis,
James M. Cushman, appoint- ed September, 1862, and held office to the termina- tion of the town govern- ment.
TOWN TREASURERS.
1757, Samuel White,
1764-75, Benjamin Williams,
1775, George Godfrey,
1853-54, James P. Ellis,
1805-22. Samuel Crocker,
1855-56, George B. Atwood,
1822-25, John Seaver,
1857, Joseph E. Wilbar,
1825. William Reed,
1858, Samuel M. Tinkham,
1826, James L. Hodges,
1859-63, Philip T. Brewster,
1863-64, George A. Washburn.
1834-38, Calvin Woodward,
MAYORS.
1865-67, Edmund H. Bennett,
1868-69, Stephen H. Rhodes,
1870-72, Daniel L. Mitchell,
1873, William H. Fox,
1891-93, Francis S. Babbitt,
1874-76, George H. Babbitt,
1894, Willis K. Hodgman,
1877-79, Onias S. Paige,
1880-82, Charles F. Johnson,
1896, Benjamin Morris,
1897-98, Nathaniel J. W. Fish.
ALDERMEN-(BY WARDS).
1865.
1 Edgar H. Reed,
2 Anson J. Barker,
2 Anson J. Barker,
3 John B. Chase,
2 Parley I. Perrin,
4 Thompson Newbury,
5 Nathan S. Williams,
6 Lebaron B. Church,
7 Cornelius White,
8 Charles L. Lovering.
1866. 1867.
1 Edgar H. Reed,
1 Stephen H. Rhodes, Abram Briggs,
3 Nathan Rand,
4 Thompson Newbury,
3 John B. Chase,
4 Thompson Newbury,
6 Lebaron B. Church,
5 Silias S. King,
6 Lebaron B. Church,
7 George G. Walker,
8 Charles L. Lovering.
7 George G. Walker,
8 Nathaniel Leonard.
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1884-85, Charles F. Hanson,
1886-89, Richard Henry Hall,
1890, Arthur M. Alger,
1895, Charles A. Reed,
1883, Horatio L. Cushman,
1838-44, Edmund Anthony,
1847-53, Charles Porter,
1827-34, John Baylies,
1855-58, William Brewster,
305
5 Silas S. King,
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
1868.
1 Leander Soule,
2 Parley I. Perrin,
3 Daniel L. Mitchell,
4 Thompson Newbury,
5 Silas S. King,
6 Lebaron B. Church,
7 George G. Walker,
8 Paran F. Smith. 1871.
1 William Tinkham,
2 Parley I. Perrin,
3 Joseph Murphy,
4 George F. Seaver,
5 Jahaziah S. King, jr.,
6 James M. Evans,
7 Stephen Pierce,
8 Charles L. Lovering. 1874.
1 Charles Husband,
2 Charles H. Atwood,
3 Joseph Murphy,
4 Lebaron B. Church,
5 Frederick L. Bosworth,
6 John H. Eddy,
7 James G. Walker,
8 James A. B. Woodward. 8 Ruel Harvey.
1877.
1 Horatio L. Cushman,
2 William H. Bent,
3 Thomas O. Falvey,
4 Cornelius Wood,
5 Charles R. Richmond,
6 A. Lyman Willard,
7 Franklin Pratt,
8 Charles E. Dean. 1880.
1 Martin J. Lincoln,
2 Walter S. Sprague,
3 Thomas O. Falvey, .
4 Nathan S. Williams,
5 Benjamin S. Bosworth,
6 William S. Baker,
7 Joseph W. Hathaway,
8 John C. Macdonald.
1869.
1 William Tinkham,
2 Parley I. Perrin,
3 Daniel L. Mitchell,
4 Thompson Newbury,
5 Silas S. King,
6 Jacob Burt,
7 A. H. Champlin,
8 Charles L. Lovering. 1872.
1 Albert D. Davol,
2 Parley I. Perrin,
3 Henry M. Lovering,
4 George F. Seaver,
5 Jahaziah S. King, jr.,
6 Henry J. Fuller,
7 Ezra P. Woodward,
8 William W. Swan. 1875.
1 Henry S. Harris,
2 William L. Walker,
3 Onias S. Paige,
4 Nathan S. Williams,
5 John W. Hart,
6 Alfred Paull,
7 Abel W. Parker,
1878.
1 Horatio L. Cushman,
2 William H. Bent,
3 Thomas O. Falvey,
4 Cornelius Wood,
5 Charles F. Johnson,
6 A. Lyman Willard,
7 Franklin Pratt,
8 Elijah Tolman. 1881.
1 Martin J. Lincoln,
2 Walter S. Sprague,
3 Michael J. Hoye,
4 James Y. Anthony,
5 Benjamin S. Bosworth,
6 William S. Baker,
7 Joseph W. Hathaway,
8 Elijah Tolman.
1870
1 William Tinkham,
2 Parley I. Perrin,
3 Joseph Murphy,
4 George M. Woodward.
5 Silas S. King,
6 John H. Church,
7 Leonard L. Short,
8 Charles L. Lovering.
1873.
1 James H. Codding,
2 Charles H. Atwood,
3 Joseph Murphy,
4 Lebaron B. Church,
5 Frederick L. Bosworth,
6 Alfred Paull,
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