USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Worcester > Reminiscences of Worcester from the earliest period, historical and genealogical with notices of early settlers and prominent citizens, and descriptions of old landmarks and ancient dwellings, accompanied by a map and numerous illustrations > Part 18
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Lincoln in 1834: David T. Brigham, Gen. Thomas Chamberlain, A. D. Foster, John Flagg, Thomas Kinnicutt, John W. Lincoln and Samuel B. Thomas in 1835 ; Thomas Chamberlain, Otis Corbett, Benjamin Flagg, Benj. Goddard, 2d, Maj Thomas Harback, Jubal Harrington, Wm. Lincoln and Guy Stafford Newton in 1836; Gen. E. L. Barnard, Gen. Thomas Chamberlain, Dea. John Coe, Benj. Goddard, 2d, E. H. Hemenway, Thomas Kinnicutt, Wm. Lincoln and David Wadsworth in 1837 ; Gen. E. L. Barn- ard, Gen. Nathan Heard, Win. Lincoln, Guy S. Newton and Emory Wash- burn, (afterwards governor,) in 1838; Lewis Chapin, Thomas Kinnieutt, and Win. Lincoln in 1841 ; Thomas Kinnicutt, Benjamin F. Thomas and John Hammond in 1842; Thomas Kinnicutt, Dea. Nathaniel Brooks and Fitzroy Willard in 1843 ; Thomas Kinnicutt, (that year speaker of the House,) Fitzroy Willard and Nathaniel Brooks in 1844; Alexander II. Bul- lock, (afterwards governor,) John Milton Earle and Darius Rice in 1845 ; Ira M. Barton, J. M. Earle and Darius Rice in 1846 ; A. H. Bullock, P. B. Gilbert and D. Waldo Lincoln in 1847 : A. II. Bullock, P. B. Gilbert and Samuel Davis in 1848; Peter C. Bacon, Albert Tolman and Charles White in 1849 ; John Milton Earle, Albert Tolman and Charles White in 1850 ; John M. Earle, Charles Washburn, Benjamin Flagg, John F. Gleason and Edward Earle in 1851; George F. Hoar, (afterwards representative and senator in Congress,) Isaac Davis, John M. Earle, Putnam W. Taft and John Gleason in 1852; Eli Thayer, (afterwards member of Congress,) Charles White, Edward Lamb, Henry W. Benchley and George W. Gill in 1853 : Henry W. Benchley, (afterwards Lieut .- Governor,) Henry H. Chamberlin, George W. Gill, Edward Lamb and Eli Thayer in 1854; Harrison Bliss, Daniel E. Chapin, Waterman A. Fisher, Austin L. Rogers and Putnam W. Taft in 1855 ; Harrison Bliss, Elijah B. Stoddard. Putnam W. Taft, George W. Russell and John H. Brooks in 1856 ; John B. D. Cogswell .* Wm. T. Merrifield, Dexter F. Parker, George F. Thompson and Stephen P. Twiss in 1857 ; Albert L. Benchley, Alexander Thayer, Dexter F. Parker, James S. Woodworth and Rev. O. H. Tillotson in 1858 ; Dr. George Chandler, Albert Tolman, Henry C. Rice, Charles B. Pratt and Marcus Barrett in 1859 ; Henry C. Rice, Benjamin F. Otis, Samuel 1. Knox, Joseph Pratt and Timothy S. Stone in 1860 ; Alexander H. Bullock, Dexter F. Parker, Joseph D. Daniels, Benjamin F. Otis and Patrick O'Keefe in 1861; Alexander Il. Bullock, (speaker,) Delano A. Goddard, Joseph D. Daniels, Rev. Samuel Souther and John L. Murphy in 1862 ; Alexander II. Bullock, (speaker,) Warren Williams, Rev. Samuel Souther, Vernon A. Ladd and E. G. War- ren in 1863 ; Alexander HI. Bullock, (speaker,) Warren Williams, Timothy W. Wellington, George A. Brown and Edwin Draper in 1864; Alexander H. Bullock, (speaker,) George A. Brown, John P. Marble, Charles II. Bal- lard and Edwin Draper in 1865; P. Emory Aldrich, (afterwards judge,) Rev. T. E. St. John, Fitzroy Willard, M. J. McCafferty and George R. Peck- ham in 1866 ; P. Emory Aldrich, Jonathan C. French, A. G. Coes, George R. Peckham and John C. Bigelow in 1867: D. A. Goddard, Warren Wil- liams, A. G. Walker, Edward S. Stebbins, James S. Woodworth and Pres- cott A. Thompson in 1868; Warren Williams, T. L. Nelson, 1. G. Coes, John Dean, George M. Woodward and Welcome W. Sprague in 1869 ; Col. John W. Wetherell, Daniel W. Bemis, Thomas Earle, Edwin T. Marble, Dorrance S. Goddard and Thomas. Gates in 1870; Lewis Barnard, Charles L. Putnam, John S. Baldwin, Joseph R. Torrey, Thomas Gates and Win. Mulligan, (Paxton,) in 1871; Lewis Barnard, John Gates, John S. Bald- win, Joseph R. Torrey, George P. Kendrick and B. W. Potter in 1872; T. W. Wellington, John Gates, Samuel Winslow, Samuel E. Hildreth, Joseph A. Titus and George P. Kendrick in 1873; T. W. Wellington. Samuel
*President of the State Senate in 1877.
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Reminiscences of Worcester.
Winslow, Emory Banister, James E. Estabrook, Andrew Athy and Thomas Gates in 1874; Wm. W. Rice, (afterwards representative in Congress,) Samuel R. Heywood, Enoch HI. Towne, Andrew Athy, James E. Estabrook and Osgood Bradley, Jr., in 1875 ; Col. John W. Wetherell, Samuel R. Heywood, Col. John D. Washburn, Osgood Bradley, Jr., M. J. McCafferty and Jeremiah Murphy in 1876 ; Samuel R. Heywood, John D. Washburn, John D. Lovell, Frank P. Goulding, M. J. MeCafferty, James II. Mellen and Cornelius O'Sullivan in 1877.
Of those serving longest, Dr. Abraham Lincoln was represen- tative 14 years ; Timothy Paine, Samuel Curtis and Col. Sam- nel Flagg cach ten years ; Alexander H. Bullock nine years ; Col. John W. Lincoln, Wm. Lincoln, Wm. Eaton, Otis Cor- bett and Thomas Kinnicutt each six years; Gov. Levi Lincoln end Ephraim Mower, senior, cach five years.
SENATORS.
Previous to the revolution, no such body as the senate cx- isted, that most nearly answering to it being the Executive Council of the Province, consisting of one or more persons from cach county. The first State Constitution of 1780 pro- vided for both senators and councillors as now, the latter hav- ing always been chosen by the legislature until 1857, when they were made elective by the people, in districts, eight in number. The first senators from Worcester county, under the constitution of 1780, were : Moses Gill of Princeton, after- wards Lieut. Governor and Acting Governor ; Samuel Baker of Berlin ; Joseph Dorr of Ward, (now Auburn,) afterwards judge of probate ; Israel Nichols of Leominster ; and Col. Seth Washburn of Leicester, of revolutionary fame, (grandfather of the late Gov. Emory Washburn.) Five have been sent cach year, from the first, (and six from 1835 to 1845,) from differ- ent sections of the county, all on one ticket till 1857. Daniel Bigelow, then of Petersham, a native and previous resident of the town of Worcester, (before noticed,) was senator from 1794 to 1799, and from 1802 to 1807, ten years in all, and his son, Lewis Bigelow in 1820 and 1821. Those on the board re- sidents of this town and city have been :
Levi Lincoln, senior, in 1797 and 1798; Levi Lincoln, Jr., in 1813; Francis Blake from 1810 to 1815 ; Daniel Waldo from 1816 to 1819; Wm. Eaton in 1826; Joseph G. Kendall, (then of Leominster, afterwards of Wor-
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cester,) from 1824 to 1828 : Col. John W. Lincoln from 1827 to 1832; Ira M. Barton from 1833 and 1834; Rejoice Newton in 1834; Charles Allen in 1836 and 1837 ; Thomas Kinnieutt in 1838 and 1839; Emory Washburn in 1841 and 1842; Ex-Gov. Levi Lincoln in 1844 and 1845, the latter year president of the Senate ; Calvin Willard in 1846 : Stephen Salisbury in 1846 and 1847 ; Alfred D. Foster in 1848 ; Alexander HI. Bullock in 1849 ; Pliny Merrick in 1850 ; Alexander De Witt in 1851: John S. C. Knowlton in 1852 and 1853, Charles Thurber taking his place the latter year, Mr. Knowlton having been elected Mayor of Worcester ; Isaac Davis in 1854; Henry W. Benchley in 1855, that year president of the Senate, and the next year Lieut. Governor ; Francis HI. Dewey in 1856 ; George F. Hoar in 1857 ; John Mil- ton Earle in 1858 ; Dexter F. Parker in 1859 and 1860 ; Ichabod Washburn in 1861 ; Hartley Williams in 1862 and 1863 ; E. B. Stoddard in 1864 and 1865: L. W. Pond in 1866, 1867 and 1868 ; F. H. Dewey in 1869 ; George M. Rice in 1870; Adin Thayer in 1871 and 1872; George F. Thompson in 1873 ; George F. Verry in 1874 and 1875; Edward L. Davis in 1876; George S. Barton in 1877.
GENERAL PROGRESS FROM 1722 TO 1877.
As to the relative growth and progress of the town in popula- tion, at different periods, from the time of its incorporation, in 1722, when there were some two hundred souls, the population had increased to 1475 in 1765, and at the outbreak of the re- volution in 1775 to 1925. This was deemed a very satisfactory growth considering all the dangers from the savages who still continued to haunt the place for many years, the loss from the cutting off of Holden in 1740, the subsequent French and In- dian wars, &c. Three other towns in the county, since then cut up into additional town organizations, had then larger populations than Worcester, the census of one hundred years ago giving Lancaster 2746, Brookfield 2649 and Mendon 2322 inhabitants. During the ten years from 1765 to 1775, Worces- ter increased about five hundred in population, Lancaster 750, Brookfield 840 and Mendon 500.
From 1775 to 1790, Worcester remained nearly stationary in population, owing to the troubles caused by the revolution- ary war, another slice of territory having in the mean time been cut off to constitute the town of Ward, (now Auburn,) incorporated in 1778. During the ten years ending in 1800, there was an increase of but a little over four hundred, and only an increase of about one hundred and fifty during the succeeding ten years to 1810, and less than four hundred dur- ing the ensuing ten years to 1820, when the number was
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2962. The next five years the population increased to 3650, in 1830 it was 4172, and in 1835, it was 6624, an increase of about 2500 in five years, and about three thousand in ten years, the greater increase at this latter period being in consequence of the opening of the Blackstone canal, the first boat of which passed through the whole route from Providence, and arrived at the upper basin on Central street in Worcester, Oct. 7, 1828. This latter enterprise, how- over, while giving a temporary impetus to business here, turn- ed out to be rather unprofitable to the stockholders, owing to the adoption, not long after it went into operation of a much more rapid, expeditious and efficient mode of passenger com- munication and freight transportation, by rail, with all sections of the country. The old canal, about forty miles long from Worcester to Providence, cost about $750,000, more than half a million of which was contributed by Rhode Island, and the remainder by Massachusetts, the capitalists and leading busi- ness men in Worcester and other towns in this county on its line, or affected by it, contributing the remainder. The State commissioners having the general management or direction of it, were Gov. John Davis and Col. John W. Lincoln of Worces- ter, for Massachusetts, and Edward Carrington, Moses B. Ives and Stephen H. Smith of Providence, for Rhode Island. Anthony Chase of Worcester was the local agent, charge of its interests here, and having his office on Central street. The amount of tolls collected upon it for different years of its operation, was as follows: In 1828, $1000; in 1829, $8,606 ; in 1831, $14,945 ; in 1832, $18,907 ; in 1833, $17,545; in 1834, $16,464 ; in 1835, $14,433 ; in 1836, $11,500. The number of barrels of flour transported over it in 1834 was 21,158; in 1835, the number decreased to 16,278; and in 1836 to 10,025. From this point the business rapidly decreased, and the boats soon after ceased running, very naturally beginning the de- crease of tolls during the year 1835, the middle of which wit- nessed the first communication by rail with tide water, at Bos- ton.
The opening of the Boston and Worcester Railroad in 1835, the Western to Springfield in 1839, the Norwich and Worces-
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ter in 1840, the Providence and Worcester in 1846, the Wor- cester and Nashua in 1848, the Boston, Barre and Gardner Railroad in 1872, and other business enterprises of which Wor- cester has become a grand centre, have caused the remarkable increase in population and business here during the last forty years, from a little over six thousand, with a valuation of but little more than $3,000,000, to a population of 50,000 with a valuation of $50,000,000.
The enormous amount of the present passenger and freight business on these different roads, as compared with the state of things at their beginning, is the best index of the wonderful growth of Worcester during the last forty years, since the writer of this first became a resident of the place, and a review of this period will form a subjeet of future portions of this work.
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BURIAL GROUNDS, ETC.
CHAPTER XIII.
THE FIRST BURIAL PLACES.
The first place selected by our fathers for the burial of the dead, was on the north corner of Summer and Thomas streets, a path leading to it from Lincoln Square. A thick grove of forest oaks then waved their branches over the spot, where, during the last half century, so large a proportion of the youth of the town and city have received their first rudiments of ed- ucation, and danced unconsciously over the graves of the first settlers, some of them their own ancestors. The first burial here was that of the body of " Rachel, daughter of John and Jean Kellough," (sometimes spelled Kelogth, and afterwards Kellogg,) who died Dec. 15, 1717, being the first death after the beginning of the third or permanent settlement. During the following thirteen years, till 1730, when the burial ground on the old common began to be used, twenty-eight more per- sons were interred at the first place, averaging about two cach year.
Among the first persons interred on the old common, where an acre of land on the east side was reserved for burial pur- poses, was John Young, Scotch Irish emigrant, born in the Isle of Bert, near Londonderry, Ireland, who died June 27, 1730, aged 93, as the town records say, but on the old tomb stone, now buried, the extraordinary age of 107, was inscribed ; on the same stone was afterwards put the name of his son, David Young; who died Dec. 26, 1776, aged 94. William Young, probably a son of David, was author of many of the inscriptions in this cemetery.
The first town sexton and grave digger mentioned on the re- cords, is Thomas Stearns, keeper of the old "Kings Arms"
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Reminiscences of Worcester.
tavern, which stood on the site of the present Lincoln House. He was chosen by the Selectmen in accordance with the vote at the annual March meeting in 1728, instructing them to pro- vide some suitable person to " take care of and sweep the meet- ing-house, and also to dig the graves as there may be occa- sion," his pay for " taking care of and sweeping the meeting- house for the year ensuing to be four shillings." Oct. 11, fol- lowing, the same individual was chosen " pound keeper till further orders." At the annual March meeting in 1728, Daniel Ward was chosen to "take care of and sweep the meeting- house for the year ensuing, to have twenty shillings for the work." At the annual meeting in 1730, the additional charge was given to the sexton chosen to " keep the burying cloth ;" and in 1732 " to provide water for baptism." At the latter meeting, Wm. Nichols was chosen town sexton and grave dig- ger, to attend to those duties. Capt. Moses Rice, who kept the first tavern on the site of the late U. S. Hotel, served several years as sexton, subsequent to the above.
At the March meeting in 1734, the Selectmen were instruct- ed to " measure, lay out, and locate the new burying place," and report at the next annual meeting " in regard to the clear- ing and fencing of the same, what they apprehend the cost thereof may be."
The next recorded action on this matter was May 2, 1737. when Capt. Daniel Heywood, Ensign Daniel Ward and Samuel Brown were appointed a committee to "agree with a suitable person or persons at the charge of the town to fence the burial place in such a manner as they may judge proper-to contain an acre and a half if it may be-and report thereon to the town." The matter lay over till April 3, 1738, when the town by vote instructed the above committee to " proceed as speedily as may be" in the work they were directed to do, and to " fence in the burial ground with a two railed fence and a stone wall under it, and lay their account before the town for payment." At the March meeting in 1739, Palmer Goulding, James Hol- den and Phinehas Heywood were added to the committee har- ing the work in charge, with additional instructions to " pro- ceed in that affair and complete the same as soon as may be."
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Reminiscences of Worcester.
This Phinehas Heywood was a brother of Capt. Daniel Hey- wood, father of Hon. Benjamin Heywood, and grandfather of the late Dr. Benjamin F. Heywood. Phinehas afterwards lived in Shrewsbury, where he was distinguished in revolutionary times.
The work of this enlarged and able committee, however, pro- ceeded so slowly, that they had to be jogged every year with similar instructions to " hurry up ;" a vote of 1743 directing that the ground be "inelosed with a board fence let into cedar posts." Another vote hurrying up the committee, was passed May 16, 1744.
At a town meeting held Oct. 8, 1744, Thomas Wheeler, John Chandler, Jr., and John Chadwick were chosen a committee to " fence in the burying place with a good substantial stone wall, four feet high, to be 18 perch on the north easterly side, 12 perch on the south easterly side, 20 perch on the south wester- ly side, and five perch on the north westerly side, in which there must be a gate, the sum of £15 to be appropriated for the work." This made the length of the wall on the side next to Front street about three hundred feet, the end abutting on what is Salem Square 200 feet, the side next to Park street 330 feet, and the end next to the meeting-house, reaching about to the centre of the common, 82 1-2 feet, thus enclosing about an acre of ground or 43,000 square feet.
At a town meeting held Oct. 31, 1749, Deacon Thomas Wheeler was " desired, as soon as may be, to erect a suitable gate at the burial place ;" and at a meeting held May 13, 1751, the sum of ten shillings was allowed to Asa Moore for "mend- ing the pound and stocks, and for new hinges for the burial place gate." Oct. 1, 1753, the sum of £3 was granted for re- pairing the meeting-house and fencing the burial place ;" and Capt. Daniel Heywood and Capt. Thomas Stearns were ap- pointed a committee to " see that the burial place gate be hung, the wall be mended up, and poled with good peeled poles, soon as can be done." Sept. 13, 1756, the sum of £6 was granted the Selectmen to " procure a decent burying cloth."
It would thus appear that the early " fathers of the town" were reasonably solicitous and attentive regarding all matters
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Reminiscences of Worcester.
pertaining to the resting place of the dead. The old burial ground on the Common remained very much in the same condi- tion, as to its bounds and outside surroundings, as described above, up to a period within the memory of many still living.
The tomb of the distinguished Chandler family occupied a prominent position among the trees not far from the south-west corner of the brick school-house, recently standing on the Com- mon, under the north easterly brow of the hill then there. This tomb was torn down during the revolution, or at its com- mencement, when the leading representatives of that family left, on account of their sympathy with the mother country. Over this tomb, or where it once was, as the hill there was steepest, the school children were wont to coast on sleds in win- ter, and sport in the shade of the branching trees in summer, unconscious of the " honored dust" reposing bencath.
On the northerly side of the enclosure, and near the centre of the sloping bank adjoining the path from the west to the present soldiers' monument, were the tombs of the Dix and Wheeler families, remembered by many of our older citizens, they having been removed within the last forty years, since the beginning of the grading of this old burial place.
Near the easterly side stood till after the beginning of the present century the first cattle pound built in 1723, and near the south-east corner was one of the ten small school-houses built in the different districts of the old town in 1800. The gate to the enclosure was in the middle of the west side, on the right side of it was a little building for the storage of the hearse, and on [the left side another for the "county gal- lows." The gun-house, or headquarters of the old " Worcester artillery," stood about on the site of the present flag staff, nearly on a line with the two other buildings last mentioned. The " march of improvement" long since swept away all these old relics of the past, they disappearing about the time the old stone wall was removed, and the enclosure graded.
The principal or original part of this grading was done about the year 1842 or 1843, the sum of $700 being appropriated during the latter year for the object, most of the stones in the surrounding wall being taken for the construction of paved cross walks in the vicinity of the old " Central Hotel."
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Reminiscences of Worcester.
About the time our thriving town became a city, the ques- tion of removing the remains of those who had found a resting place in this cemetery for more than a century, or doing some- thing to secure the graves of more than three hundred of our forefathers from continued desecration and disgrace, began to be agitated and discussed by the municipal authorities as well as the citizens generally, and in the public prints. Finally, August 22, 1853, the City Council adopted an order by which Aldermen Charles White and Moses D. Phillips, and Councilmen James S. Woodworth, Charles Washburn and Samuel B. Dennis were appointed a committee to "cause a careful and accurate survey to be made of the old burying ground upon the Common, and to cause a plan or map of the same to be drawn, upon which shall be delineated every grave properly marked or numbered, and cause substantial bounds to be set at every angle and in such other places as they may think proper or necessary, the inscriptions of every stone or monu- ment now standing to be copied and preserved, and then to bury all these stones at least twelve inches under the surface of the ground upon the graves, where they now stand ; that they then cause the surface of the ground to be smoothed over, not changing the grade in any place so as to injure any trees that shall be left standing ; that they then cause all the under- brush to be removed, and also as many of the trees as they shall deem proper, by transplanting at the appropriate season, with- out impairing the beauty of the grove."
In accordance with the provisions of this order, (many of the details of which had been anticipated or suggested by one of our public spirited fellow citizens, Wm. S. Barton, Esq., now filling the office of City Treasurer, who had copied all the inscriptions referred to, and printed them in a neat pamphlet for future reference and use,) a map and list of inscriptions were prepared by Gill Valentine, Esq., city surveyor, and placed in the custody of the City Clerk, and the various monu- ments were buricd over the remains of those intended to be commemorated thereby.
The principal burials on the old Common are indicated in the following list :
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Reminiscences of Worcester.
BURIALS ON THE OLD COMMON.
Samuel Andrew, Sept 21, 1760, aged 46.
Nathaniel and Lucy Adams, died in 1776.
Charles Adams, Nov. 3, 1773, aged 86.
II.innah, April 18, 1727, aged 27, wife of Jolin Hubbard,. Ile was one of the first board of town officers. This is probably the first interment on the old common, or the remains must have been at first buried elsewhere, and removed here.
Zephaniah Rice, died May 10, 1730, aged 30. He was son of Joshua Rice, (see pages 20 and 22), and married Mary, sister of Dea. Daniel Heywood, (see page 30,) and of their daughters, one, Mary. married Lieut. Jacob Hemenway, (see page 116,) and another, Anna, married Reuben Miles. This Zephaniah Rice was town clerk three years previous to his decease.
Ephraim Roper, Feb. 16, 1731, aged 43, accidentally killed while hunting.
Isaac, son of Capt. Micah and Phebe Johnson, Nov. 26, 1782, aged 25.
William Jennison, born in Watertown, April 17, 1676, died in Worcester, Sept. 19, 1741, aged 65, and his wife Elizabeth, Dec. 2, 1756, aged 84. lle was judge, selectman, etc. (See page 56.)
James Taylor, Feb. 24, 1743, aged 70, and his wife Elizabeth, July 14, 1755, aged 82 : Othniel Taylor, probably son of the preceding, July 29, 1779. aged 81 ; lived on Plantation street, near Wigwam hill. Dinah, wife of the latter, March 29, 1746, aged 8S.
Jean, wife of Wm. Young, March 30, 1743, age.l 27.
Martha Boyd, wife of David Young. Oct. 6, 1749, aged 65.
Capt. Benjamin Flagg, June 12, 1751, aged 61 ; his wife Elizabeth, Nov. 3, 1769, aged 77. (See page 107.)
Andrew McFarland, June 4, 1761, aged 71; his wife Rebecca, March 20, 1762, aged 62.
James McFarland, April 9, 1783, aged 56.
Jaines Forbush, Jr., March 11, 1762, aged 38
Zebudah, wife of Joseph Potter, Jan. 24, 1767, aged 33.
John, son of John aud Kesiah Waters, Feb. 11, 1767, aged 23. Resided in the Waters house south east of the Common.
Absalom Rice, July 27, 1781, aged 72 : his wife Elizabeth, Aug. 3, 1,92, aged 76.
Maj Jonas Rice, the first permanent settler, Sept. 22, 1753, aged 81. (See page 40.)
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