USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Worcester > Reminiscences of Worcester from the earliest period, historical and genealogical with notices of early settlers and prominent citizens, and descriptions of old landmarks and ancient dwellings, accompanied by a map and numerous illustrations > Part 29
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REV. LEONARD WORCESTER, born in Hollis, N. II., January 1, 1767, was third son of Noah Worcester, of the sixth generation from Wm. Worcester who was settled pastor in Salisbury, Mass., about 1640. The brothers of Leonard who entered the ministry, were : Noah Worcester, D. D., settled in Thornton, N. H., and distinguished as a writer and author, who died in Brighton, Mass., in 1837, aged 79 ; Thomas, settled in Salisbury, N. HI. ; and Samuel Worcester, D. D., settled in Fitchburg and in Salem, Mass., and died in Brainard, Tenn., in 1821, aged 51. Rev. Leonard Worcester was father of fourteen children, and of his six sons, four were settled ministers,
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Samuel A., Evarts, Isaac R., and John H. ; Leonard, Jr., was principal of Newark Academy, New Jersey, and the other son, Ezra C., was a doctor in Thetford, Vt. The father of these served a regular apprenticeship, begin- ning in his eighteenth year, in the printing office of the Massachusetts SPY, with Isaiah Thomas, and after finishing his trade as a printer, was for sever- al years editor and publisher of the SPY for Mr. Thomas during the absence of the latter on his publishing business in other places. In 1795, he was chosen deacon of the first Church (Old South) of which Rev. Dr. Samuel Austin was then pastor. He subsequently studied theology, and was licensed to preach March 12, 1799, at the house of Dr. Nathaniel Emmons in Frank- lin, Mass. He went to Peacham, Vt., in June following, and after preach- ing a few Sabbaths, was unanimously invited to settle there, and installed Oct. 30, 1799. During his prosperous ministry there of forty years, (31 years of that time the only pastor in the place,) 531 were added to his church. He died May 28, 1846, aged 79, and a massive granite monument marks the place of his interment in his adopted town. Besides his minister- ial duties, Rev. Leonard Worcester was town clerk of Peacham, Vt., for thirty-four years, trustee of the Grammar School board twenty-seven years, and president of that board for ten years. Several of his sermons preached on special occasions, have been published. He married in 1793 for his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Dr. Samuel Hopkins of Hadley, (sister of the wife of Rev. Samuel Austin) ; and in 1820 for his second wife, Eunice Woodbury of Salem, Mass., who survived him but three months. In ap- pearance he was tall and commanding, and remarkably erect to the last-a inan of truly exalted mind.
A short time before his decease, Mr. Tappan communicated to the SPY the following interesting reminiscence of the period he was connected therewith :
WORCESTER IN 1799.
" In December, 1799, I first saw Worcester. It then contained about two thousand inhabitants, and they lived principally on the upper part of the street running from Salisbury's bridge to the Old South meeting house. On the east side of the main street, from the bridge to the back part of the Bay State House was a meadow, where I have often skated. Opposite the Bay State House, lived Samuel Brazer, of facetious memory. He bought a load of pine wood, of a countryman, and promised to pay him in Brazer's ware. The wood was tipped up at Brazer's door, and the teamster was told to take his choice of half a dozen children, in payment. Four brothers, Enoch, Elisha, Marshall and Nahum Flagg, came to Worcester from Weston, and carried on the baker's business. They were remarkable for their beauty and correct gentlemanly deportment.
The trade of the town was engrossed by Stephen and Samuel Salisbury and Daniel Waldo, and they did a large business. Of what are now called manu- factories, there were none, except Elijah Burbank's paper mill at Quinsiga- mond Village. David Curtis did the blacksmithing, Jeremiah Stiles the painting, Jedediah Healy the carpentering, Benjamin Butman the tailoring, and Alpheus Eaton the shoemaking business. Two lawyers, Levi Lincoln, the father of the late governor, and Edward Bangs, had the law much to them- selves. Lincoln was called a democrat, but those who knew him best thought him to be just the opposite, in all respects. He was United States attorney under Jefferson.
The healing art was attended to mainly by Dr. Green and his half dozen students. They were daily seen mounted on horseback, galloping through the streets as if some one or more were in peril. The preaching was en-
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grossed by Rev. Drs. Bancroft and Austin. The latter wrote frequently political articles for the "Spy," over the signature of Sulpicius, and Lincoln replied to him as a Farmer. The articles were very bitter and personal.
I was a member of the " Worcester Light Infantry," and am, I presume, now Gov. Lincoln is dead, the only survivor of the original corps. Before that company was formed, in 1802, there was no uniform infantry company in Worcester ; and escort duties were performed by the artillery, under Cap- tain Peter Slater. The writer of this is past ninety years of age, and "served his time" in the " Spy" office, on the hill next the court house, with Isaiah Thomas, Jr., with whom he was afterwards in partnership.
Washington, D. C."
CHARLES TAPPAN.
THE MASSACHUSETTS SPY.
When Isaiah Thomas first came to Worcester, during April, 1775, he established his printing and publication office on Court Hill, where it remained till about 1821, excepting at certain intervals, when the paper was temporarily printed and managed by other parties, on lease, for the owner, while he was attending to his other extensive business. Mr. Thomas made immediate arrangements for post riders in all direc- tions to deliver the papers in Cambridge, Salem, Providence, Newport, Fitchburg, Keene and Walpole, N. H., Brookfield, Springfield, Hartford, Conn., etc. Messengers left the print- ing office at noon of Wednesday,. the publication day, and came back on Saturday. Nov. 16, 1775, Mr. Thomas pub- lished an advertisement announcing the establishment of a constitutional post office in Worcester, with himself as post- master. The western mail arrived every Tuesday evening, and the castern every Friday morning.
Mr. Thomas announced in his first issue in Worcester, May 3, 1775, the following list of agents for the SPY, in the different towns in the county, comprising many who subse- quently became among the most distinguished citizens of the time :
Col. Asa Whitcomb and Dr. Wm. Dunsmore of Lancaster ; Jedediah Foster of Brookfield, afterwards judge, senator, etc. ; Col. Ebenezer Learned of Oxford ; Capt. Jonathan Tucker of Charlton ; Capt. Henry King and Amos Singletary, afterwards senator, etc., of Sutton ; Col. Joshua Henshaw and Hon. Joseph Allen of Leicester, afterwards member of Congress, etc. ; Jonas Howe of Rutland ; John Mason of Barre ; Capt. Isaac Stone of Oak- ham ; Levi Brigham of Northborough ; Capt. Stephen Maynard of West- borough ; Gen. Artemas Ward of Shrewsbury, the first Major General in the American army in the revolution ; Dr. John Taylor of Lunenburg; Capt.
39
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David Goodridge of Fitchburg ; Benjamin Green of Uxbridge; IIon. Samuel Baker of Berlin, afterwards senator, executive councillor, etc. ; Hon. Jona- than Grout of Petersham, the first member of Congress from Worcester county ; Capt. Josiah Fay of Southborough ; Maj. Paul Mandell of Hard- wick, who afterwards served under Lafayette, see page 243; Hon. Simeon Dwight of Warren, sheriff, etc. ; Col. Timothy Newell of Sturbridge ; Hon. Israel Nichols of Leominster, senator, etc. ; Abiel Sadler of Upton ; Capt. James Woods of New Braintree ; John Child of Holden ; Capt. Samuel Jen- nison of Douglas : John Sherman of Grafton ; Nahum Green of Royalston; Nathan Wood of Westminster; Jonathan Baldwin of Templeton ; William Bigelow of Athol ; Samuel Estabrook of Princeton.
June 27, 1776, Mr. Thomas leased the paper for two years, while he was attending to his business in other towns, to Dan- iel Bigelow and William Stearns, (this being the Daniel Bige- low, afterwards county attorney, senator and executive council- lor, (see page 45.) They subsequently transferred their lease, Aug. 14, 1777, to Anthony Haswell, (afterwards conductor of the Vermont GAZETTE,) who printed the paper " near the meet- ing-house," most likely in the old wooden structure occupying the site of the present City Hall, where the old " National Ægis"' was afterwards printed, (see page 263.) Feb. 11, 1778, Has- well appears to be " hard up" for paper and the means to print, and threatens to stop unless money is forthcoming, soon. Isaiah Thomas, in the meanwhile;, remained at Londonderry, N. H., where he had a bookstore, among many other places. June 25, 1778, on the expiration of the lease, Mr. Thomas resumed the publication of the SPY. About this time, in consequence of the war, the hard times began to grow harder, owing to the ex- treme scarcity of material to make paper of, and he was obliged to give exhorbitant prices for it, very greatly diminishing the profits of his business. In 1780, the profits of the paper and of Mr. Thomas' printing business, generally, were so reduced as to be insufficient for the support of his family, so he was obliged to add other business, and he formed a partnership with Dr. Joseph Trumbull, (father of George A. Trumbull, see page 83,) and opened the old medicinal store a little northward (or north-eastward) of the Court House, where he sold drugs and medicines, &c. (This was probably the store opened by Dr. Wm. Paine before the revolution, and afterwards occupied by Dr. Abraham Lincoln, see page 84.) Mr. Thomas was in this business but two or three years, till his principal busi-
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ness became more remunerative. At one time, in June, 1781, he was so hard pushed by lack of profits in his business that he threatened to move out of town, and actually began arrange- ments therefor. But his business soon reviving on the advent of peace, he began to prosper ; temporarily embarrassed, again, however, for a time, by the stamp act of 1786, soon afterwards repealed.
Owing to the passage of an act levying a tax on advertise- ments published in newspapers, Mr. Thomas discontinued the SPY for two years, and published instead during that time, a periodical in quarto form, called the " Massachusetts Weekly Magazine," comprising four volumes, from April, 1786, to April, 1788.
From Jan. 1, 1793, to June 1, 1796, the SPY appears to have been again printed " near the old South meeting-house, for Isaiah Thomas, by Leonard Worcester," " printing of all kinds" being advertised to be done at this time by both Isaiah Thomas and Leonard Worcester " at their respective offices," Thomas' book-store and printing office remaining where they had always been, " near the Court House." The very extensive book printing operations of Mr. Thomas at this period, in other places as well as in Worcester, appear to have engrossed his whole attention. Most likely Leonard Worcester had purchased the printing material, or a portion of it, of Anthony Haswell, when the latter removed to Vermont, and occupied Mr. Has- well's former quarters here. From June 1, 1796, to Jan 1, 1799, the SPY was printed at the " old printing office on Court Hill, by Leonard Worcester for Isaiah Thomas," and from the latter date by " Isaiah Thomas, Jr., for Isaiah Thomas &. Son," until the senior Thomas entirely relinquished his printing busi- ness to his son. Isaac Sturtevant printed the paper for Isaiah Thomas, Jr., from Jan. 1. 1806, till Oct. 25, 1814. Wm. Man- ning then took it, and published it alone till 1819, when George A. Trumbull went in company with him. Manning & Trum- bull published it four years till 1823, when John Milton Earle and Anthony Chase took it, and published it till 1826 in connec- tion with their store business, then located nearly opposite the Centre Church. From 1826 to 1835, it was published by
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Messrs. Earle, Chase and Samuel H. Colton, under the firm of S. HI. Colton & Co., from which latter date John Milton Earle was sole proprietor till 1850, when he took Thomas Drew into partnership. Earle & Drew were publishers till Dec. 1853, when Foss & Farnum, (Moses Farnum of Blackstone and S. S. Foss of the Woonsocket (Rhode Island) Patriot,) purchased it, and sold out to John D. Baldwin & Co., (John D., John S. & Charles C. Baldwin,) March 17, 1859, the latter having now been proprietors over eighteen years. John Milton Earle was sole or principal editor of the SPY from 1819 to 1859.
For three months previous to the presidential election in November, 1840, a campaign paper, called " The North Bend," in aid of the election of Harrison and Tyler, was issued from the office of the SPY.
The printing and publishing office of the SPY was removed Jan. 1, 1821, from its old location on Court Hill, to the build- ing erected a short time previous by Gov. Lincoln, on the south corner of Main and Thomas streets, next north of the then re- sidence of Rev. Dr. Bancroft. Here the SPY office remained till June 23, 1824, when it was removed a few rods north, to the brick building on the north corner of Thomas street, op- posite the Centre meeting-house, where it was printed for the proprietors for a short time by Charles Griffin & Samuel B. Manning, until 1826, when Samuel H. Colton, a practical print- er, went into partnership with the then proprietors, Messrs. Earle & Chase. In December, 1829, the office was removed to the second story of Eaton Block, next north of the Centre meeting-house, where it remained till April 1, 1837, when it was removed to the south end of Brinley Block, then just com- pleted, over the Citizens' Bank. Here the SPY office remained till July, 1850, when it was removed to Butman Block, in the rooms now occupied by Asa B. Adams, printer. In December, 1858, the office was removed to Foster Block on Foster street, and in December, 1860, removed back to Butman Block, in the quarters now occupied by the Evening Gazette, and Egis and Gazette. Since July, 1867, the office has been in the SPY building, then erected by the proprietors, J. D. Baldwin & Co., for their own accommodation, opposite the City Hall.
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THE DAILY SPY.
The " WORCESTER DAILY SPY" was started, from the office of " The Massachusetts SPY," July 22, 1845, by the then propri- ctor, John Milton Earle, so the daily is in its thirty-third year. The first number was a small sheet 18 by 23 inches, a trifle larger than the first number of "The Massachusetts SPY" (weekly) published by Isaiah Thomas in Worcester, May 3, 1775, which was 16 by 20 inches, including one inch in width for margin outside of the printed matter. The enlargements from time to time have increased the size to 28 by 42 inches.
JOHN MILTON EARLE AND HIS APPRENTICES.
JOHN MILTON EARLE, born in Leicester, April 13, 1794, was son of Pliny Earle, the earliest machine card manufacturer in Leicester, and great-great- grandson of Ralph Earle, one of the earliest settlers in that town, who went from Rhode Island to Leicester in 1717, and settled upon the estate in Mul- berry Grove in the north part of the town, on which John Milton's father and grandfather as well as himself were born. John Milton Earle, whose connection with the SPY has been already stated, came to Worcester in. 1816, and opened in company with his brother-in-law, Anthony Chase, a boot and shoe and West India and dry goods store in the brick building on the north corner of Main and Thomas streets ; afterwards removed their store to the old wooden building next north of the Nathaniel Maccarty house, near the south corner of Main and Walnut streets ; and in 1821, removed back to their first location, or near it, " opposite the Centre meeting." Here they were in business several years, while Mr. Earle was attending to his editor- ial duties as manager of the SPY, Mr. Chase having also for several years an interest therein. On the dissolution of their partnership in the mercantile business, about 1828, Mr. Earle turned his entire attention to the paper, and Mr. Chase soon after became transportation agent, in Worcester, of the old Blackstone canal, then just opened, and subsequently county treasurer. Mr. Earle was exceedingly well versed in several branches of natural history, particularly conchology and botany, and was one of the most noted horti- culturists of his time. He was one of the earliest pioneers in the anti- slavery movement, making that sentiment always prominent in his political faith, while an ardent Whig, and he was in consequence one of the leaders of the " free soil" movement in 1848. He was a member of the House of Representatives in 1844, 1845, 1846, 1850, 1851 and 1852, and of the Sen- ate in 1858 ; and of the constitutional convention of 1853 ; and many years trustee of the Indian tribes in Massachusetts. He was postmaster from 1861 to 1866, many years president of the Worcester County Horticultural Socie- ty, and filled numerous other positions of responsibility and trust. He died Feb. 8, 1874, in his 80th year.
Hon. John Milton Earle was not a practical printer, but his connection with the business was so long by virtue of his being for over thirty-five years sole or principal editor and proprietor of the SPY, as to entitle him at least to an honorary position
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among the disciples of Faust. In those days, especially before the starting of the daily, it was the practice to have three or four apprentices at the business at the same time, graduating one each year. Among the apprentices of Mr. Earle at differ- ent times were many who subsequently became more or less prominent : Col. Charles H. Geer, afterwards commander of the Light Infantry, and of the old Tenth Regiment ; Austin Colton, afterwards editor and proprietor of the Rockford (III.) FORUM ; Rev. Jonathan L. Estey, afterwards printer and pub- lisher of several newspapers ; Charles T. Larrabee, afterwards foreman of the office ; Joseph S. Wall, afterwards foreman, printer and publisher of the "Friendly Reformer," "Physio- logical Journal" and other publications of which he was edi- tor ; Wm. E. Goddard, who studied for the ministry, but died young ; Caleb A. Wall, for many years connected with the SPY as reporter, editor and proprietor for a few years of the " Wor- cester Daily Transcript" and of the Weekly " Ægis" and " Transcript," and author of the " Reminiscences of Worces- ter ;" Rev. Albert Tyler, printer and manager for several years of the " Barre Patriot," afterwards of the firm of Tyler & Ham- ilton, printers of the " Worcester Palladium," then pastor of the Universalist Societies in Oxford, Mass., Granby, Conn., Quincy, Mass., and Oxford again, and for sixteen years past of the firm of Tyler & Seagrave, proprietors of the book and job de- partment of the old office, where both learned their trade ; Abner Brigham Hardy, afterwards editor of the morning edi- tion of the BOSTON JOURNAL from its start till he died ; J. Ad- dison Allen, subsequently publisher of sundry papers, mention- ed in their appropriate place, and noted as a great lover of horse flesh ; Stephen N. Stockwell, business manager and editor of the BOSTON JOURNAL, who has had a seat in both branches of the Massachusetts Legislature ; David B. Mellish, who died while a member of Congress ; John S. Gourlay, since in charge of one of the departments in the government printing office at Washington ; and Daniel Seagrave who was the last apprentice, now junior partner of the firm of Tyler & Seagrave, printers of this book, antiquary, and secretary of the Worcester Society of Antiquity.
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Reminiscences of Worcester.
THE NATIONAL ÆGIS.
This is the name of a weekly paper started Dec. 2, 1801, as the organ of Thomas Jefferson, on his accession to the pre- sidency, the SPY having sustained the policy of John Adams in the political controversy then going on between what was then called the " Federal" and the " Republican" party. The edi- tor and manager for the first four years was Hon. Francis Blake, and the printer, Samuel Cotting. After some changes on account of financial embarrassment, the paper in 1807 went into the hands of Henry Rogers, then of Hartford, Conn., who was publisher until the close of 1824, when Charles Griffin be- came partner with him ; it was printed and published by Rogers & Griffin till Jan. 1, 1828, when Samuel Morrill took Mr. Rogers' interest, and it was continued by Griffin & Morrill till Jan. 1, 1830, when Moses W. Grout became the printer and publisher. July 31, 1833, it was united with the Mas- sachusetts YEOMAN, the two being printed and published by Moses W. Grout as the " National ÆEgis and Massachusetts Yeoman" from July 31 to Dec. 31, 1833, when the consolidated paper was merged in the " Worcester Palladium," started Jan. 1, 1834, by John S. C. Knowlton. Among the editors of the ÆGIs, at different periods, succeeding Francis Blake, were Judge Edward Bangs, Gov. Levi Lincoln, Samuel Braser, Wil- liam Charles White, Enoch Lincoln, Edward D. Bangs, Pliny Merrick, William Lincoln, Christopher C. Baldwin and Wm. N. Green, to its discontinuance in 1833.
The printing and publishing office of the " National Ægis" was removed, Dec. 15, 1824, from the second story of the wood- en structure on the site of the City Hall, where it had been printed from the beginning, to the rooms over the " Dr. Oliver Fiske store," at the lower end of Main street, nearly opposite Capt. Samuel B. Thomas' "Exchange Coffee House." Here a bookstore was kept in the first story by Clarendon Harris on one side, and T. & W. Keith had a watch and jewelry store on the other side .* The upper story was entered by a flight of stairs on the outside of the north end. Caleb Tebbets, tailor,
* Mr. Harris still carries the same watch he bought of the Messrs. Keith in this store, fifty years ago, and it is good for another half century of service yet.
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occupied this store before the Messrs. Keith. Mr. Harris was there from 1823 to 1829, when he removed to what was then Dr. Green's building. The Ægis was published in the Fiske building until the consolidation with the " Yeoman," when it was transferred to " Goddard's Row."
Henry Rogers started again the "National Ægis," Jan. 24, 1838, with William Lincoln as editor, and himself as printer and publisher. The office was in the attic of Dr. Green's build- ing over the bookstore of Clarendon Harris. In his first issue, he alluded to the fact that it was "more than thirty years" since his first connection with the former paper of that name, which he in 1807 took from the original publisher, and conduct- ed for some time. June 1, 1839, Mr. Rogers sold out to T. W. & J. Butterfield, who published and printed the paper, with Samuel F. Haven as editor, until March 1, 1842, when Alexan- der H. Bullock assumed Jonathan Butterfield's interest in the paper, and it was published by T. W. Butterfield & Co. with Mr. Bullock as editor for two years. The Messrs. Butterfield removed the office in 1839 to the third story of the north end of Butman Block. From March 1, 1844, Thomas W. But- terfield was sole publisher with Mr. Haven as editor, until Jan. 21, 1846, when Andrew S. Lovell became editor, continu- ing till Nov. 25, 1846, when the establishment was purchased by Edward Winslow Lincoln & S. V. R. Hickox, who conduct- ed the paper with Mr. Lincoln as editor, till Jan. 1, 1849. Then Mr. Hickox managed the paper alone till Oct. 2, 1850, when he sold out to C. Buckingham Webb. Mr. Webb pub- lished the paper with Frederick M. Peck as editor, till Oct. 1, 1857, when he sold out to William R. Hooper, who merged it in the " Weekly Transcript," conducting the two consolidated papers thereafter as the Weekly " Egis and Transcript." Mr. Hooper sold out to Caleb A. Wall, April 1, 1864, and the lat- ter to S. B. Bartholomew & Co., Jan. 1, 1866. Since May 3, 1869, Charles H. Doe & Co. have been the proprietors, the name having been changed to " Egis and Gazette."
For three months previous to the presidential election in November, 1844, a campaign paper, called " Old Massachu- setts," was issued from the office of the National Egis, conduct-
Reminiscences of Worcester. 313
ed by A. H. Bullock, in aid of the election of Clay and Freling- huysen ; and for three months previous to the election in 1848, a daily campaign paper, called the " True Whig," was issued from the same office, in aid of the election of Taylor and Fill- more, conducted by A. H. Bullock and E. W. Lincoln.
THE YEOMAN.
The " MASSACHUSETTS YEOMAN" was started Sept. 3, 1823, by Austin Denny, editor and proprietor, with Wm. Manning, printer, the office being in Dr. Green's building, next south of the centre school-house, until June 23, 1824, when it was re- moved to Gov. Lincoln's building on the south corner of Main and Thomas streets, where the SPY had been printed for three or four years. Aug. 27, 1825, the heading was changed to " Massachusetts Yeoman and Worcester Saturday Journal and Advertiser," changing the day of publication from Wednesday to Saturday. April 7, 1827, the office was removed to the old wooden building next north of the Nathaniel Maccarty house, previously occupied by Earle & Chase for their store, " opposite the post office," the post office being then kept by James Wil- son, just south of where Mechanics' Hall now stands. April 5, 1828, the office was again removed to the building on Front street, opposite the Town Hall, which formerly stood on the site of the Town Hall building, and which had been occupied for a printing office before its removal. Here the Yeoman was printed for six months by Moses Spooner & Ebenezer P. Mer- riam, who had come to Worcester from Brookfield, and estab- lished a printing office here, both having learned their trade of Ebenezer Merriam, father of E. P. Merriam. Oct. 18, 1828, the office was removed to No. 5 " Goddard's Row," near the lower end of Main street, where Spooner & Merriam did the printing till April 4, 1829, from which time Austin Denny and Emory Washburn, (the latter then a young lawyer from Leices- ter,) were the editors and proprietors, and Moses Spooner did the printing, till Jan. 1, 1830, from which latter date Austin Denny was sole editor and proprietor until his death, July 1, 1830, aged 35, and Moses Spooner and Edwin C. Church were the printers. After the last mentioned date, Daniel Henshaw,
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