USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1892 > Part 17
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The only supply which they are nearly all known to have had in common, and which the majority of the citizens of Somerville did not share with them, was the milk supply. It was observed very early that many of the families in which the cases occurred took milk from the same source. Careful inquiry proved that thirty out of the thirty- two cases had access to milk coming from one establishment. In the absence of any other probable cause, it was, therefore, concluded that the outbreak was due to infected milk.
298
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Inspection of the farms from which the milk appears to have come, however, not only revealed no cause for the fever, but showed these dairies to be unusually clean and well-kept. Upon one milk farm in the same town there was found one case of typhoid fever, but there was no evidence that the milk from the farm had had any- thing to do with typhoid fever in Somerville. In short, there was good reason to believe that the milk upon its arrival in Somerville was uninfected.
But if the milk was free from the germs of typhoid fever upon its arrival, it must have become infected while in the hands of the local dealers. It was known that one of these was among those affected with typhoid fever, but his case had been reported after many of the other cases, so that at first he was thought to have merely shared in the common misfortune. Closer investigation, however, revealed the fact that his illness really dated from a period early enough to have enabled him unwittingly to have infected the milk, and thus to have been the unconscious cause of the outbreak. Pro- fessor Sedgwick, after the most exhaustive investigation, has con- cluded that this was probably, in fact, what happened. It was affirmed that this patient had never actually handled the milk, but had only washed the cans and distributed a part of them to his cus- tomers. It was also objected that the cases were chiefly confined to Central Hill, while the route of the milk establishment extended over a much larger section of the city. But it may well be doubted if the operations of "tasting," "mixing," "setting up," etc., which took place at the central establishment after most of the milk had been carried there from the train upon which it arrived, were really so conducted as to exclude the possibility of infection of the milk by a person working in the same room and suffering with incipient typhoid fever. The appearance of most of the cases on Central Hill, comparatively near the milk-house in which the patient worked until he was obliged to go to bed, was readily explained when it was learned that some customers were often supplied with milk which had not been in the milk-house at all, but was delivered directly after its arrival upon the train. That this milk appears to have produced no fever, while that which unquestionably came through the milk- house appears to have been infected, strengthens the probability that the milk-house was the place where the contamination occurred. It
299
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
is also to be observed that after the milkman who had the fever took to his bed the trouble ceased.
TABLES. - The prevalence of scarlet fever, diphtheria, and typhoid fever in the city during the several months of the year 1892 is shown by the following table, and in the table next following is given the number of deaths from these three diseases by months during the last ten years : -
300
ANNUAL REPORTS.
SCARLET FEVER, DIPHTHERIA, AND TYPHOID FEVER REPORTED IN 1892.
SCARLET FEVER.
DIPHTHERIA.
TYPHOID FEVER.
MONTHS.
Cases
Reported.
Number of
. Deaths.
Percentage
of Deaths.
Cases
Reported.
Number of
Deaths.
Percentage of Deaths.
Reported.
Number of
Deaths.
Percentage of Deaths.
January
20
-
-
5
40
February
42
-
3
4.7
8
2
25
1
April
77
2
2.6
6
2
33.3
2
May .
73
4
5.4
4
1
25
1
1
-
June .
19
July .
16
1
6.2
3
2
1
50
August .
5
-
1
-
-
1
-
8
3
37.5
November .
18
December .
21
3
14.2
1
I
-
1
-
Total .
371
14
3.7
39
8
20.5
74
11
14.8
DEATHS FROM SCARLET FEVER, DIPHTHERIA, AND TYPHOID FEVER IN THE LAST TEN YEARS.
SCARLET FEVER.
DIPHTHERIA.
TYPHOID FEVER.
MONTHS.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1883
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1889.
1890
1891.
1892.
January
2
1
-
-
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
-
-
3
1
3
2
February .
March
April
5
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
'2
4
-
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 2
2
1
1
September
1
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
1
1
3
2
3
1
4
2
1
2
4
October
1
1
6
2
11
1
1
4
5
2
1
4
1
3
4
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
3
December
1
1
10
-
1
3
5
1
4
3
2
1
5
2
3
1
1
-
1
Total .
6
8 14
3 31 15
7
5
2 14 31 21 28 20 11 21
28 21 18
8
13
8 11
3 11 17
7 10 11 11
-
1
-
1
-
-
September .
5
25
4
16
October
12
1
8.3
1
2
1
50
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
3
1
6
1
2
1
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
-
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
3
4
2
3
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
3
November
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
June
2
1
1
1
3
1
July
August
2 1 1 1 IHIHHIN
1
1
1
3
4
2
May
1
2
-
1
1
1
1 1 1
3 1 00
-
-
2
66.6
March
-
-
-
26
1
3.8
-
-
-
-
1 11
1 1
1
1888.
0
2
3
Cases
MAP OF SOMERVILLE
1893
SHOWING HEALTH DISTRICTS. 4
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 200 400 600 400 1000
I ALE
RAILROAD,
M
F
D
R
D
MALL
I
AVE
BOSTON
AND
BOSTON
LOWELL
COLLEGE
LNPZ
IN+ 6.
Nº 5.
AYE
AVE.
SAY
Nº 19.
V.
HARWICH TT
ROA
ALPINE IT.
axroma
RION
X
AWANYM
MOINSD
V
BRASION
TLAK
NOSENIS
k.1.2
ARLINGTON
A
SANTHELL ATE
PORTA
77M0 7
II
IV
Nº 22
NPI6.
SOMERVILLE
IN913.
LINK
Nº12.
C
A
M
B
R
I
D
E
MYSTIC
RIVER.
ST.
VIII
MYSTIC
AVE.
S
AUSSEN
T
0
BROADWAY
N
MAIN
OAKLAND
TUFTS
COLLEGE
NỘIS.
N113.
SPAMManas
PEARSON
DEAN
AVEA
GARENS
AIL
AVE.
ST
WAAL ST
TIEM
AND
HIGH
HAWON
RUMAS
C
SEWERS SHOWN THUS
LEX
HELIOTYPE PRINTING CA, BOSTON
MBRIDGE.
MILLER
AVE
RAYMOND
SADETON SI
ARLINGTO
VOUNE
₹.500
BROADM
N.1.
ASTER
301
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
DISTRICTS.
The accompanying map shows the boundaries of the ten health districts into which the city was divided by the Board of Health of 1878 ; also the locations of common sewers.
A record has been kept from year to year of the number of deaths, the death rate per thousand, the prevalence of dangerous diseases, and the number of nuisances abated in these several dis- tricts, and is continued in the following tables.
The estimated population in the several districts was originally based on the number of assessed polls in each, and upon the popula- tion of the entire city, as shown by the census every five years ; it being assumed that the growth in population has been at the same rate as the increase in the number of assessed polls, and has been uniform throughout the city.
TABLE OF DEATHS IN EACH DISTRICT DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS, EXCLUSIVE OF DEATHS IN THE MCLEAN ASYLUM.
Districts
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
Entire City.
Area
337 A.
107 A.
93 A.
171 A.
361 A.
285 A.
194 A.
482 A.
174 A.
456 A.
2,660 A.
Population. .
8,405
8,205
3,162
5,589
8,859
1,921
4,806
1,410
2,568
1,112
46,037
Dwellings .
1,310
1,221
578
932.
1,446
527
833
368
556
329
8,100
Average in each dwelling . . .
6.4
6.7
5.4
6
6.1
3.7
5.8
3.8
4.6
3.4
5.7
YEAR.
Number of
Deaths.
Rate
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
per 1,000.
Number of
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
per 1,000.
Deaths.
per 1,100.
Number of
Deaths.
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
Rate
per 1,000.
Number of
Deaths.
per 1,000.
Deaths.
Rate
Number of
Deaths.
Rate
per 1,000.
1883
138
26
59
12
49
25
60
17
76
14
40
33
51
17
17
19
28
18
9
13
527
18
1884 .
148
27
55
10
42
20
52
14
69
12
32
25
35
11
14
15
27
16
8
11
482
16
1885 .
152
28
56
11
40
19
72
20
78
14
31
24
53
17
13
14
25
15
11
15
531
18
1886 .
115
20
51
9
38
17
59
15
85
14
37
28
44
co
11
11
20
11
19
24
479
15
1887
182
29
54
9
45
19
81
19
87
13
37
25
62
17
20
19
26
14
12
14
606
18
1888 .
148
23
68
11
44
00
62
14
117
18
33
22
50
16
14
28
14
13
15
579
16
1889.
125
16
67
9
48
17
85
17
105
14
28
17
62
19
15
26
12
17
17
582
15
1890 .
140
19
69
9
48
17
94
19
139
18
46
27
59
14
27
22
26
12
15
15
663
16
1891 .
169
22
71
9
68
23
103
20
120
15
75
42
77
17
33
25
33
14
12
12
761
18
1892 .
139
17
75
9
42
13
76
14
144
16
65
34
59
12
27
19
44
17
25
22
696
16
Average death rate per 1,000 for ten years.
23
10
19
17
15
28
15 -
17
14
16
17
·
In 1892.
.
.
Rate
Deaths.
Rate
Rate
Number of
Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
Number of
per 1,000.
-
Cr co
303
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
TABLE SHOWING THE FIVE PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEATH IN SOMERVILLE IN 1892, WITH THE NUMBER AND RATE IN EACH DISTRICT.
CONSUMP- - TION.
HEART DISEASE.
PNEUMONIA.
CHOLERA INFANTUM.
OLD AGE.
DISTRICTS.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
1,000 of pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
1,000 of pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
1,000 of pop.
Number of
Deaths.
Number per
1,000 of pop.
I.
25
2.98
13
1.55
14
1.67
16
1.91
3
0.36
II.
9
0.74
3
0,61
6
0.73
3
0.37
4
0.49
III.
11
3.48
5
0.95
3
0.95
4
1.26
2
0,63
IV.
16
2.86
8
1.43
7
1.25
2
0.36
3
0.54
V.
21
2.37
16
1.81
17
1,92
3
0.31
14
1,58
VI.
12
6.25
9
4.68
8
4.16
5
2.60
1
0.52
VII.
1,67
7
1.46
7
1.46
2
0.42
1
0.71
IX.
3
1.17
9
3.50
4
1.56
2
0.78
1
0.39
X.
4
3.51
5
4.40
1
0.9
Total .
113
2.45
76
1.65
67
1.46
37
0.81
35
0.76
TABLE OF SCARLET FEVER, DIPHTHERIA, AND TYPHOID FEVER IN EACH DISTRICT IN 1:92.
SCARLET FEVER.
DIPHTHERIA.
TYPHOID FEVER.
DISTRICTS.
Reported.
Reported.
Deaths.
Cases per
Deaths per
I.
54
3
6.43
0.36
7
1
0.83
0.12
8
1
0.95
0.12
II.
80
3
9.75
0.37
4
2
0,49
0.24
III.
35
2
11.38
0.63
9
3
1.89
0.95
1
0.95
0.31
IV.
29
2
5.19
0,36
or
1
0.89
0.18
2
-
0.36
V.
69
3
7.78
0.34
9
1
1.02
0.11
34
5
3.83
0.56
VI.
28
14.57
4
2.08
8
1
4.16
0.52
VII.
1
9.17
0.21
1
-
7
1
1.46
0.21
VIII.
4,96
0.71
-
1
-
7
2
2.73
0.78
X.
-
3.59
1
0.9
2
-
1.8
Total .
371
14
8.06
0.3
39
8
0.85
0.17
74
11
1.61
.24
1,000 of pop.
1,000 of pop.
Cases
Deaths.
Cases per
Deaths per
1,600 of pop.
Reported.
Deaths.
Cases per
1,000 of pop.
Deaths per
1,000 of pop.
Cases
Cases
+
-
21
IX.
7.79
-
0.78
VOLが
4.66
1
0.71
5
1,04
VIII.
7
1
0.9
1,000 of pop.
0.37
-
1,000 of pop.
RATES PER THOUSAND OF POPULATION OF CASES OF SCARLET FEVER, DIPHTHERIA, AND TYPHOID FEVER REPORTED, AND OF DEATHS FROM THE SAME IN THE LAST SEVEN YEARS.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
Av'age for Seven Yrs.
DISTRICTS.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Typhoid Fever.
I.
§ Cases
2.25
2.59 0.86 0.52 0.17
10.48 1.45 2.74 2.10 0.32 0.64
3.51 2.44 2.29 0.61 1.07 0.46
4.24 3.24 3.11 0.28 0.84 0.42
2.55 1.51 0.82 - 0.55 0.14
2.05 1.80 0.77 . 0.38 -
6.43 0.36
0.83 0.95 4.64 1.84 1.65 0.12 0.12 0.48 0.54|0.28
( Cases
1.77
2.12 0.89
1.82 0.66 1.16
4.07 0.94 0.78 0.47 0.31 0.31
2.32 2.17 1.01 0.43 0.29
0.42 2.37 0.69 - 0.42 0.28
0.79 1 45 1.18 - 0.66 0 39
9.75 0.37
0.49 0.37| 0.24 -
2.77 1.46 0.87 0.12 0.34 0.21
III.
Deaths .
0.46
0.46
-
1.71 0.43 0.43
0.81 2.43 2.43 0.4" 0.40 1.21
1.19 1.11 4.11| - 0.37
- 7.97 3.18 1.09 0.73 0.37 -
8 53 4.44 2.39 0.34 1 02 0.61
11.38 0.63
1.89 0.95 0.95 0.31
0.56 0.57 0.42
IV.
Deaths
4.38 0.26
0.77 0.77 0.26 0.26
3.85 2.16 1.20| 0.96 1.20 0.48
1.36 2.72 1.71 - 1.14 0.45
1.24 2.52 0.84 0.88 0.63 0.21
3.28 6.57 1.03 0.21 1.64
3.47 1 35 1.16 10.19 0.39 0.39 -
5.19 0.36
- 0.89 0.36 0.18
3.25 2.73 1.01 0.41 |0.78 0.26
V.
§ Cases {Deaths .
3.46
4.78 0.33
4.00 1.54 0.93 0.62 0.31 0.31
2.04 2.89 1.59 0. 5 0.15 0.45
4.04 4.58 0.95 0.94 0.13
6.34 2.34 0.91 0.26 0.26 0.26
-
- 0.12
7.78 0.34
1.02 3.83 0. 1 0.56
4.47 2.62 1.36 0.19 0.49 0.26
Cases
2.99
1.49
-
6.96 1.39 2.08 0.70
2. 3 1.98 1.32 -0.66 -
3.65 0.61 2.43 1
6.58 4.19 2.39 - 0.59 1.19 -
2.25 0.F6 2 81 - 0 56 0 56
14.57
2.08 4.16
5.66 1.76 2.17
VI.
Deaths .
0.75
-
-
4.22 0.60 0.30 0.30 -
8.45 0.85 1.41 0.56 0.28 0.28
5.59 1.07 1.07 0.27 0.53 -
3.45 4.68 0.41 - 0.98 -
5.26 3.37 0.95
1.80 0.88 2.47 -0.45 -
9.17 0.21
- 1.46 10.21
5.59 2.15 1.19 0.15 0.30 0.21
VII.
Deaths .
Cases Deaths .
1.01
17.05
- 3.79
-4.32
7.17 1.77
2.49 4.14 - 0.83
- 3.27 4.08 1.63
- 3 06 1.53 -0.76 -
4.96
0.71 1
5.13 1.71 1.64
VIII.
0.52 0.23 0.24
IX.
Deaths .
-
3.97 1.70 0.57 -
5.82 0.53 1.06 0.53 - -
7.51 3.00 2.00 1.50 0.59 1.00
- 4.63 1.85
- 1.79 2.23 0.45 0.45
4.20 2 94 -043
7.79 -
0.78 2.73 - 0.78|
4.76 2.58 1.40 0.29 0.78 0.25
X.
§ Cases Deaths .
5.15 10.30
8.40 4,80
-
4.54 2.27 3.40 - 1.13 1.13
2.10 8.40 - 4.20
- 4.13 1.03 2.06 - 1.03 - -
9 71 0.97 - 0 97
-
3.59
0.9 1.8
5.37 4.09 1.04 - 1.23 0.25
§ Cases Deaths .
3.47 0.09
2.87 0.63 0.63 0.09
5.94 1.29 1.20
3.42 2.09 1.75 0.91 0.32 0.32 0.42 0.59 0.48
4.94 3.34 1.57
4.01 2.89 0.97
2.97 1 62 1.26 0.18 0.72 0.18 0.07 0.54 0.24 0 05 0.42 0.25
8.06 0.3
0.85 1.61 0.17 0.24
4.69 2.13 1.28 0.29 0.49 0.26
1
-
-
-0.17
3.84 0.85 0.85
§ Cases
5.03
0.46
-
-
1
I
-
-
-
- 0.88
-
I
- 0.81
1
-
-
-
1
-
- 1.29
-
-
-
-
-
City
.
Deaths
-
1
1.65
-
-
1
-
-0.24
-10.52 0.21 0.26 0.32
Cases
5.43
1.89
§ Cases
6.24
ANNUAL REPORTS.
304
II.
Deaths
0.35
5.53 2.05 1.69
§ Cases
3.65 1.22 0 97
Typhoid Fever.
305
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
NUISANCES ABATED IN EACH DISTRICT IN 1892.
DISTRICT. Population ( estimated ). 1
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII. VIII.
IX.
X.
Total.
Cellar damp .
13
5
1
2
-
1
1
23
Cellar open
Cesspool offensive
-
1
3
2
1
-
-
1
1
2
-
2
5
Connection of drainage pipes defective
3
3
-
-
4
3
2
2
1
-
-
-
1
I
-
1
-
1
1
1.
1
Drainage defective
2
3
4
1
1
-
-
17
Drainage emptying on surface . Drainage not ventilated .
5
1
·2
4
1
4
1
3
11
Drain-pipe defective .
1
1
1
1
12 2
1
1
11
Goats kept without license
2
1
4
Hens kept in cellar
1
13
4
8
3
4
1
48
Manure pit too close to house Offal on land
1 :
Offensive odor in and about dwellings
Open cellar under stable
1
7121 7 2
1
1
1
1
1
8
Premises filthy .
1
1
2
2
11
Privy-vault defective
11
3
3
9
3
5
Privy-vault full
45
6
13
42
16
8
4
1
1
139
Privy-vault offensive
61
8
17
69
29
15
9
7
2
1
218
Removal of bodies of animals burned at fires
Rubbish in cellar
3
-
1 12111 2
1
1
1
-
3
Stable and stable premises filthy and offensive
4
1211 1 2
11:3 411 1 4 1
2
4
2
1
1
17
Water-closet offensive
2
1
1
1
I
1
5
Water in cellar
1
Total
228
70
60
173
107
61
60
33
17
15
824
-
-
1
112111147 1 2 1 1 4
2
25
Opening in drain-pipe in cellar
1
7
Pigs kept without license
3
13111 3111 - 1 1
1
1
1
1
11 |12||13 1 2 1 1 3
1
2
Hennery offensive
3
1
1
3
1211346 1 3 4 6
1124|11|12||| 2 1 1 3
I
1
1
7
Sewerage flowing under floor
1
4
Sewer-gas in house
3
1
1
Slops thrown on surface
1
Stable affected with glanders .
Stagnant water on surface .
2
Ventilation under steps offen- sive
Waste-pipe defective
1
1
1
Waste-pipe not trapped
6
5
5
2
1
2
27
Water-closet defective
11
3
2
1
1
1134 1 3
110- 2 1
-
5
Water-closet insufficiently sup plied with water
1
6
4
3
16
Stagnant water in house cellar
2
3
9
1
111|11 1 1 1 1
1
7
I
1
1
Premises untidy
12
1
1
15
Drainage emptying in cellar
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
-
6
Cesspool overflowing
18
Connection of gas-pipes defect- ive
1
Cows allowed on streets and sidewalks .
3
Decomposed meat offensive
1 -
11116114 1 6 1 4
5
Manure exposed and offensive
Manure pit defective .
7.
1
1
3
3
1
-
11
1
6
Stable without drainage
4
-
--
1
2
27
2
2
2
1
Dogs kept in kitchen .
-
-
30
35
1
23
1
306
ANNUAL REPORTS.
REGULATIONS OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
Pub. Stat., Chap. 80, § 18.
IN BOARD OF HEALTH, CITY OF SOMERVILLE, March 22, 1892.
WHEREAS, It is the opinion of the Board of Health of the city of Somerville, and it does hereby adjudicate that the following regu- lations are necessary for the public health and safety, respecting nui- sances, sources of filth, and causes of sickness within the city of Somerville, and that it is necessary to make the following regulations for the public health and safety ; now therefore it is
Ordered, That the following regulations, designated, respectively, as Chapters I. to X., both inclusive, be and hereby are made and adopted, and all regulations previously adopted by this board are hereby repealed :-
CHAPTER I.
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
SECTION 1. It is adjudged that the diseases known as small- pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, typhus fever, and typhoid fever are contagious and dangerous to the public health and safety, and may easily be contracted from persons or apartments, or at funerals from dead bodies which may have been infected by such diseases, and that the following provisions of this chapter are necessary for the public health and safety in regard to said diseases.
SECT. 2. Householder to give Notice. - When a householder knows that a person within his family, or any member of his house- hold, is sick of small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, typhus fever, or typhoid fever, he shall immediately give notice thereof to the Board of Health.
SECT. 3. Physician to give Notice. - When a physician knows that a person whom he is called to visit is infected with small-pox,
307
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
scarlet fever, diphtheria, typhus fever, or typhoid fever, he shall im- mediately give notice thereof to the Board of Health.
SECT. 4. Pupils not to attend School. - No pupil shall attend the public schools while any member of the household to which such pupil belongs, or any occupant of the house in which such pupil resides, is sick of small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, or typhus fever, or during a period of two weeks after the death, recovery, or removal of such sick person; and any pupil coming from such household shall be required to present to the teacher of the school which such pupil desires to attend a certificate from the attending physician or Board of Health of the facts necessary to entitle him or her to admis- sion, in accordance with this regulation.
SECT. 5. Dwelling to be Labelled. - Every dwelling where a case of small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, or typhus fever is known to exist shall be immediately conspicuously labelled at its entrance with a card marked "Small-pox here," " Scarlet fever here," " Diph- theria here," or "Typhus fever here," as the case may be, such card there to remain until removed by said board or its agent, or by per- mission of said board.
SECT. 6. Label not to be removed or Persons to visit Dwelling. - No person shall, without permission from the Board of Health, re- move from any dwelling in said city any card affixed thereto by said board, or its agent, or any other person, indicating that any of said diseases exist in said dwelling ; nor shall any person obliterate or deface such card; nor shall the occupant of any dwelling to which such card may be affixed permit the same to be removed, obliterated, or defaced without immediately notifying said board ; nor shall any person, except members of the immediate family occupying the same, and those whose business calls them there, visit, or be permitted by the householder, or any other occupant thereof, to visit, a dwelling labelled with a card as aforesaid without the written permission of said board.
SECT. 7. No public Funeral .- No public funeral, and no funeral attended by other persons than members, occupying the dwelling in which the funeral is held, of the immediate family of which the deceased was a member, or those whose business calls them there, shall be held over the remains of any person having died of small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, or typhus fever, except by written consent of the Board of Health, and under such regulations
308
ANNUAL REPORTS.
as said board may prescribe ; and every householder, undertaker, or other person who shall attend or permit any funeral held in violation of the foregoing provisions of this section shall be liable to the pen- alty provided by law for violation of any regulation of the Board of Health. No person, except members of the immediate family of which the deceased was a member, and those whose business calls them there, shall, without the written permission of said board, be admitted to the house where such death has occurred until after the interment has taken place and the premises have been fumigated.
SECT. 8. Undertaker to prepare Body and notify Board of Health, and Burial to be made immediately. - In case of any person dying o small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, or typhus fever the undertaker, his assistant, or agent shall immediately, upon the death of such person, or immediately upon his being notified of the death, or called upon to perform any services, wrap the entire body, including the face, in a sheet satuated with a ten per cent. solution of chloride of zinc, and shall immediately place it in a tight coffin, which shall be securely fastened and shall not thereafter be opened. He shall notify the Board of Health or its agent of the time when the body is to be removed, and shall sign a certificate containing a true state- ment of the facts, that he has complied with the foregoing provisions of this section; and he, and every other person having charge or custody or the right of disposal of the body, shall cause the burial to take place immediately, and in all cases within not more than eight hours after the time of death, unless further time shall be allowed by the said Board of Health.
SECT. 9. Patient or Body not to be carried in Public Carriage. - No owner, driver, or other person having charge of any hackney car- riage or other vehicle used as a public conveyance shall receive, or permit to be placed, or convey in any manner, in or upon said carriage or other vehicle any person sick or infected with small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, or typhus fever, or the body of any person who has died of either of said diseases, except by written consent of the Board of Health and under such regulations as said board may prescribe.
SECT. 10. Dwelling not to be visited until Fumigated. - Upon the death, removal, or recovery of a person sick of small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, or typhus fever, no person except members of the immediate family of which such sick person was a member, and those whose business calls them there, shall thereafter visit, or be permitted
309
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
by the householder or any other occupant thereof to visit, the dwell- ing in which such person was sick as aforesaid until such dwelling shall have been fumigated or disinfected by the Board of Health or its agent, or to their or his satisfaction.
CHAPTER II.
STABLES AND THE REMOVAL OF MANURE.
SECTION. 1. Washing of Carriages and Horses, Care of Stables and Yards, and Accumulation of Manure. - The owners or occupants of livery or other stables within the city of Somerville shall not wash or clean carriages or horses, or cause them to be washed or cleaned, in the streets or public ways; they shall keep their stables and stable yards clean, and no manure shall be allowed to accumulate or remain uncovered outside of the stable building.
SECT. 2. Removal of Manure at certain times, without permit, prohibited .- No person shall remove any manure, or cause or suffer the same to be removed, between the first day of May and the first day of November, except between twelve o'clock at night and two hours after sunrise, without a written permit from the Board of Health.
SECT. 3. Manner of removing Manure. - No manure shall be removed or carried through the streets of this city except in a tight canvas-covered vehicle, with the covering so secured to the sides and ends of the vehicle as to prevent the manure in process of removal from being dropped or left in any street or way of the city. No manure shall be loaded into a vehicle in or upon any street, lane, or passageway, nor upon or across any sidewalk, without a written per- mit from the Board of Health.
CHAPTER III.
PRIVY-VAULTS, CESSPOOLS, AND DRAINS.
SECTION 1. To be cleansed .- If the owner, agent, or occupant of any premises where a privy-vault, cesspool, or drain may be situ- ated shall neglect or refuse to cleanse such vault, cesspool, or drain after being notified by the chief of police or by the Board of Health
310
ANNUAL REPORTS.
or its agent that the same has become offensive, he shall be liable to the penalties provided by law.
SECT. 2. Not to be emptied except as authorized by the Board of Health. - No privy-vault or cesspool shall be emptied except by such parties, in such manner, and at such time as shall be specially authorized by the Board of Health. The owner, agent, or occupant of the premises where any privy-vault or cesspool may be situated shall always be liable for the expense of emptying the same.
SECT. 3. Carting of Night-soil or other offensive matter through Streets. - No person, unless specially authorized by the Board of Health, shall drive any cart, or other vehicle, containing, or used for conveying, night-soil or other offensive matter, in any street of the city, between the hours of 4 A. M. and 10 P. M., during the months of April, May, June, July, August, and September; nor between the hours of 5 A. M. and 9 P. M., during the months of October, Novem- ber, December, January, February, and March; provided, however, that this regulation shall not be understood to conflict with the regu- lations of this board concerning "Stables and the Removal of Manure," nor to restrict the removal or carting of night-soil in carts such as are used in making such removal by what is commonly known as the "Odorless " process, provided such removal be made or cart- ing done without emitting offensive odors in the streets.
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