USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1905 > Part 19
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18
Philology
249
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
the new stacks. But, reckoning the circulation of these months the same as the circulation of the corresponding months of the previous year, the circulation of books would have been 96,998. In 1905 our circulation is 391,783, an increase of over 300 per cent. While the population has increased thirty-two per cent., the circulation of the library has increased upwards of 300 per cent. If the population of the city had increased as rapidly as has the circulation of the public library, we would now be a city of over 200,000 population. If the reading of good books is the standard of the community's intelligence, these statistics should be gratifying to our people. The library has increased corre- In 1895 the staff consisted of
spondingly in other respects. librarian and three assistants. There are now twelve assistants. Since that date the reference room has been opened to the public, a children's department has been added, and a school librarian has been appointed, who practically devotes her exclusive time to the service of the schools. An addition doubling its capacity has been annexed to the library. The growth of the library can- not be expected to continue at this rate indefinitely, although there are at present no indications of its diminution. Such being the conditions of our growth, it is evident that at least a slight in- crease in our appropriation is needed each successive year.
250
ANNUAL REPORTS.
The library has received the following donations of books, pamphlets, and periodicals during the past year :--
List of Donations.
Vols.
Pamph.
Period.
Association of the Bar
1
Bates College
Boston Atheneum
Boston Children's Friend Society
1
Boston Economic Club
·
1
Bostonian Society
Bennett Fund, Trustees of
1
Berry, Charles W.
1
154
Brown University
2
1
Browning Club
1
Cambridge, Mass.
1
Chandler, Hon. L. B.
3
Children's Institutions
4
Dalton, Mrs. Charles X.
2
Dartmouth College
1
Dolbear, A. E.
1
160
Elliot, Charles D.
3
1
Goldsmith, Benj. W.
7
2
Gould, Levi
1
Green, Samuel S.
5
Harvard University
2
Hayes, Edith B.
34 50
Herbert, John
3
Hillside Club
2
Indian Rights Association
1
Lake Mohawk Conference
1
Library of Congress
2
Littlefield, George E.
1
24
Marshall, William I.
28
1
Massachusetts Civic League
1
Metropolitan Water Board
1
Middlesex County
1
Missouri World's Fair, Commission
1
Moon, Robert C., M. D.
1
Morse Institute
1
Mount Auburn Cemetery
1
1
National Educational Association
Nebraska Library Commission
1
Carried forward
75
60
398
Hill, James R.
1
Irish Reform Association
4
Lincoln, Charles P.
1
Luce, Robert ·
1
Massachusetts .
1
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1
Chamber of N. Y. Commerce
1
Cutler, S. Newton
1
Foss, Sam Walter
1
Hapgood, John G.
1
2
Boston Five Cents Savings Bank
3
1
2
Museum of Fine Arts
251
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
LIST OF DONATIONS .- Continued.
Vols.
Pamph.
Period.
Brought forward
75
60
398
Newcomb, H. T.
1
New York Merchants' Association
1
Peabody Institute
2
Pennsylvania Home Teaching Society
1
Perkins Institute
2
1
Phillips, S. L.
1
Pratt Institute
1
Providence Atheneum
1
Public Libraries : -
Allegheny, Pa. ( Carnegie Library )
Arlington ( Robbins Library )
Atlanta, Ga. (Carnegie Library )
Baltimore ( Enoch Pratt Library )
1
Beverly
1
Boston
1
Braddock, Pa. ( Carnegie Library ) .
1
Bradford, Pa. ( Carnegie Library )
1
Brockton
1
Bromley, Eng.
1
Brooklyn, -N. Y.
1
Burlington, Vt. ( Fletcher Library ) Canton
1
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
1
Chelsea ( Fitz Library )
1
Chicago, Ill. ( John Crerar Library )
1
Cleveland, Ohio
1
Clinton ( Bigelow Library )
1
Concord, N. H.
1
Davenport, Iowa
1
Dayton, Ohio
Detroit, Mich.
1 2
Erie, Pa.
1
Everett ( Shute Library )
1
Fall River
6
Fitchburg
1
Groton
1
Hagerstown, Maryland
1
Halifax, N. S. .
1
Hartford, Conn.
1
Haverhill
1
Hoboken, N. J.
1
Hyde Park
1
Jersey City, N. J. Lancaster,
1
Lawrence
1
Los Angeles, Cal.
1
Ludlow, Vt. ( Fletcher Memorial Library )
1
Carried forward .
81
118
398
·Concord
1
District of Columbia
Everett ( Parlin Library ) .
1
Brookline
1
1
1
2
New Hampshire College of Forestry
1
252
ANNUAL REPORTS.
LIST OF DONATIONS. - Continued.
Vols.
Pamph.
Period.
Brought forward Public Libraries ( Continued ) :
Lynn .
Malden
Manchester, N. H.
1
Medford
1
Milwaukee, Wis.
1
Nashville, Tenn. ( Carnegie Library )
1
Newark, N. J.
2
New Bedford
1
Newburyport
2
New Haven, Conn.
1
Newington, N. H.
2
New Orleans, La.
1
Newton
1
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
1
North Adams ( Houghton Memorial Library )
Northampton
Northampton ( Forbes Library )
2
Norwich, Conn. ( Otis Library )
2
Omaha, Nebraska
1
Paterson, N. J.
1
Peoria, Ill.
1
Philadelphia, Pa.
1 1
Pittsburg, Pa. ( Carnegie Library )
1
Portland, Me.
1 2 1
1
Reading, Pa.
1
Rochester, N. H.
1
St. Louis, Mo.
1
Salem, Mass.
1
San Francisco, Cal.
1
Scranton, Pa.
1
Seattle, Washington
2
Springfield
1 1
Toledo, O.
1
Waltham
1 1
Watertown
1
Westborough
1 1
Winchester
1
Winthrop .
1 1
Woburn
Worcester
Public Reservations
1
Ralston and Siddons
2
St. Louis Mercantile Library Association
1
Sanborn, Carrie A. .
7 1
10
Sanborn, Helen J.
Scott, Mrs. J. W. .
3
Simmons College
2 77
17 1
91
Simonds, Mrs.
Society of Psychical Research
Carried forward
172
205
489
81
118
398
1
1
1
1 1
Plainfield, N. J.
Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ( Adriance Memorial Library ) Providence, R. I. .
Quincy ( Thos. Crane Library )
Syracuse, N. Y.
Wakefield
Weymouth ( Tufts Library )
1
253
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
LIST OF DONATIONS. - Concluded.
Vols.
Pamph.
Period.
Brought forward
172
205
489
Somerville, Mass.
1
Sprague, Homer B.
1
State Library Commission
2
1
Superintendent of Immigration ( Ottawa )
1
Tufts College .
1
2
Union Press, Philadelphia
1
United States
15
1
University of Chicago
10
University of Cincinnati
1
Viall, John B.
1
Washburn, Frank D.
38
West, Mabel .
1
Western Reserve University
1
Wilmington Institute
2
Woodman, J. E.
3
Worcester Board of Trade
1
Totals
245
216
490
Remarks.
As in many public libraries, the percentage of fiction is still about three times the circulation of all other books together. The library, through the special reading committee, takes un- usual precaution to seek out novels of real merit. After the merit of a novel is determined as far as human fallibility can determine it, it is purchased in as large numbers as our funds will permit. I feel that our readers are given as many privileges in this line as we are justified in offering them. But it seems to ·me our readers of non-fiction, the comparatively small fraction who use what may be called the solid reading of the library, can safely be granted much greater privileges. Readers are now al- lowed to take out one book of fiction and one of non-fiction, or two books of non-fiction. I recommend that while readers shall still be restricted to one book of fiction, they may be allowed to take out as many books of non-fiction as they desire. I see no insuperable difficulty in the way to prevent us from doing this. As I have said, only about thirty per cent. of our readers are non- fiction readers, so the library will not be swamped by the number of people who will avail themselves of this new privilege. Now while the number of our non-fiction readers is only about thirty per cent of the entire number, the number of non-fiction books in the library is, at a rough estimate, upwards of eighty per cent. If the whole number of non-fiction readers, which is very im- probable, should ask for an increased number of books, eighty per cent. of the books of the library would be accessible to the
1
University of Colorado
254
ANNUAL REPORTS.
increased demand. The greater proportion of these books are now seldom used, and if any plan can be devised to render their use more general, a decisive benefit to the community will result. I submit this recommendation to your careful consideration.
My thanks are due to the members of the staff for their faith- fulness, and to your board for your kindly co-operation.
SAM WALTER FOSS, Librarian.
December 26, 1905.
BOARD OF HEALTH
1905
ALLEN F. CARPENTER, Chairman EDMUND S. SPARROW, WESLEY T. LEE, M. D.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
WILLIAM P. MITCHELL, Clerk and Agent to Issue Burial Permits. CALEB A. PAGE, Agent.
FRANK L. MORSE, M. D., Bacteriologist. .
CHARLES M. BERRY, Inspector of Animals and Provisions.
JULIUS E. RICHARDSON, Milk Inspector.
DUNCAN C. GREENE, Plumbing Inspector.
EDGAR T. MAYHEW, Superintendent Collection of Ashes and Offal.
.
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH, CITY HALL, January 1, 1906.
To His Honor, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen :-
Gentlemen,-We respectfully submit the following as the twenty-eighth annual report of the board of health, in which is presented a statement, tabulated and otherwise, of the sanitary condition of the city and the business of the board for the year ending December 31, 1905 :-
Nuisances.
A record of nuisances abated during the year, in compliance with notices issued by the board, or under the board's direction, is presented in the following table :-
NUISANCES ABATED IN EACH DISTRICT IN 1905.
(SEE DESCRIPTION OF DISTRICTS IN LATTER PART OF THIS REPORT.)
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
Total.
Population ( estimated ).
6,853
6,985
5,315
5,529
15,416
10,755
5,056
4,670
4,840
4,581
70,000
Bakery offensive
1
1
1
5
Cellar damp .
5
3
2
2
6
4
3
4
2
4
35
Cesspool offensive
3
5
Cow barn offensive
2
1
1
1
2
7
Cows kept without license .
1
1
1
2
5
Drainage defective
14
12
16
13
11
15
14
13
11
13
132
3
1
2
1
3
4
2
1
2
1
20
4
2
3
2
1
4
4
2
1
2
25
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
3
2
7
22
Manure exposed and offensive
4
3
3
4
2
3
3
2
2
4
30
Manure pit defective .
3
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
23
Offal on land
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
13
Offensive odor in and about dwellings
4
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
22
Pigs kept without license
1
1
15
8
9
11
8
9
7
8
6
8
89
Privy-vault offensive
1
4
9
Rabbits.
1
1
5
4
1
3
3
2
4
2
2
3
29
Slops thrown on surface
5
3
2
4
2
3
2
2
1
3
27
Stable infected with glanders
17
4
1
2
2
1
1
28
Stable and stable premises filthy and offensive
3
1
4
3
2
5
2
2
1
4
27
Stable without drainage
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
14
Stagnant water on surface
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
15
Water-closet defective
5
3
6
8
4
5
4
3
5
G
49
Water under stable
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
12
Total
106
63
63
70
58
72
55
56
46
80
669
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
8
Premises dirty .
Goats kept without license .
Hens in cellar
1
1
12
Hennery offensive
1
1
2
Drainage emptying into cellar Drainage emptying on surface Fish offal
5
2
4
Rubbish in cellar
.
1
257
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Number of nuisances abated 669
Number of nuisances referred to board of 1906 60
Number of nuisances complained of 729
Number of complaints (many covering more than one nuisance) . 427
Number of notices mailed
Number of notices served by constables 4
501
In addition to the above, '267 dead animals have been re- moved from the public streets, and many nuisances have been abated on verbal notice from the agent, without action by the board, of which no record has been made. Each spring the whole city is examined, and cellars, yards, and alleyways where rubbish and filth have collected are required to be cleaned.
Glanders .- Twenty-eight cases of glanders have been re- ported during the year. Prompt action was taken in every case, and twenty-seven of the horses were killed, one being released from quarantine by order of the cattle commissioners.
Permits.
The record of permits to keep cows, swine, goats, and hens, to collect grease, and to remove manure is as follows :-
Cows .- Thirty-eight applications were received for permits to keep 153 cows. Thirty-three permits to keep 129 cows were granted, and five permits were refused.
Swine .- Nineteen applications were received for permits to keep thirty-four swine. Seventeen permits were granted to keep thirty swine, and two permits were refused. The fee is one dollar for each swine.
Goats .- Six applications were received for permits to keep six goats. Five permits were granted to keep five goats, and one permit was refused. The fee is one dollar for each goat.
Hens .- Seventy-three applications for permits to keep 1,627 hens were received. Sixty-nine permits to keep 1,566 hens were granted, and four permits were refused.
Grease .- Fifteen applications were received for permits to collect grease, fourteen of which were granted. The fee is two dollars. Four of the parties licensed reside in Somerville, two in Charlestown, five in Cambridge, two in Boston, and one in Chelsea.
Manure .- Two permits were issued during the year for the carting of manure through the streets of the city in the daytime between May 1 and November 1. All permits issued for the re- moval of manure from the stables in the city in the daytime, or for carting through the streets of the city, remain in force until re- voked. No fee is charged for these permits.
Melting and Rendering .- Three parties have been licensed to carry on the business of melting and rendering, under the pro- visions of the revised laws of 1902, chapter 75, section 111.
258
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Pedlers.
One hundred and fifty-two certificates of registration were issued to hawkers and pedlers during the year under the pro .. visions of ordinance number 27-an increase of five over the year 1904. One hundred and eighteen certificates have been renewed during the year. Each pedler is required to present a writing from the sealer of weights and measures, showing that his meas- ures have been properly sealed, before a certificate is issued to him. Pedlers are also required to present their vehicles at the police station the first Monday of each month for inspection by the agent of the board, that he may see they are kept in a clean condition, and are properly marked with the owner's name and number.
Ashes.
For several years past the ashes have been removed by this department with teams owned and men hired by the city, under a competent superintendent, who also superintends the collection of house offal.
An average of twenty-eight men, with seventeen horses, thirteen carts, and four wagons for the collection of waste paper, has been employed in the work.
The collections are made weekly, as follows :-
Monday
. in district one.
Tuesday
two.
Wednesday
66
three.
Thursday
four.
Friday
66
five.
Saturday
66
six
MONDAY, DISTRICT NO. 1.
Comprises the entire area extending easterly to the cities of Boston and Cambridge, from a line drawn across Somerville, commencing on Mystic avenue, and extending through Cross street, Central square, Med- ford street, Washington street, Prospect street, Webster avenue, Tre- . mont street to the Cambridge line and including collection on both sides of the above-named streets along the division line described.
TUESDAY, DISTRICT NO. 2.
Comprises the entire area extending westerly from the previously- described district number 1 to a line drawn across the city, commencing on Mystic avenue, and extending through Wheatland street, across Broadway, through Walnut street, and extending across Bow street and Somerville avenue, through Hawkins street, Washington street, Perry street, Wyatt street, Concord avenue, crossing Beacon street to the Cambridge line, and including collection on both sides of the above. named streets along the division line described.
WEDNESDAY, DISTRICT NO. 3.
Comprises the entire area extending westerly from the previously- described district number 2, to a line drawn across the city, commencing at the Medford boundary line at Main street, and extending easterly along said Main street, across Broadway, through Sycamore street,
259:
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
thence easterly on Highland avenue, through School street, thence west - erly on Somerville avenue, through Dane street and Washington street. to the Cambridge line, and including the collection on both sides of the. above-named streets along the division line described.
THURSDAY, DISTRICT NO. 4.
Comprises the entire area extending westerly from the previously- described district number 3, to a line drawn across the city, commencing- at the Medford line at Magoun square, and extending on Medford street to Lowell street, thence easterly on Somerville avenue and through Park street to the Cambridge line, and including the collection on both sides of the above-named streets along the division line described.
FRIDAY, DISTRICT NO. 5.
Comprises the entire area extending westerly from the previously- described district number 4, to a line drawn across the city, commencing- on Broadway, and extending through Willow avenue to the Cambridge line, and including the collection on both sides of the above-named streets. along the division line described.
SATURDAY, DISTRICT NO. 6.
Comprises the entire area extending westerly from Willow avenue to the Medford, Arlington, and Cambridge lines.
RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR COLLECTION OF ASHES AND OFFAL.
Ashes must be put in suitable receptacles not larger than an ordinary flour barrel, and must be kept free from all other refuse matter.
House offal or garbage must be kept free from all other refuse mat- ter, and in suitable vessels.
All other refuse, such as paper, rags, excelsior, straw, mattresses, · old clothes, pasteboard boxes, carpets, etc., must be kept free from ashes- and garbage, and placed in suitable packages or barrels to prevent being scattered in handling.
All ashes and refuse matter for removal must be placed on the outer edge of the sidewalk, on or before seven o'clock in the morning of the day when the collection is to be made.
Earth, gravel, bricks, mortar, stones, lime, plaster, cement, concrete, or refuse material from repairs or construction of buildings will not be removed by this department.'
The department will remove tree trimmings, vine cuttings, and yard cleanings during the spring and summer months.
Employees of this department are not allowed to enter cellars,. cellar-ways, bulkheads, or areas for the removal of ashes or offal.
Disposal of City Offal.
How to dispose of the city's offal in the most expeditious, sanitary, and profitable manner has always been a perplexing question. For many years garbage was supposed to have no value, and the city was obliged to pay for its removal ; but as its use as a food for swine became recognized, its worth was appre- ciated, and a contract was made for its disposal without expense to the city. The demand for it increased, and a contract was
260
ANNUAL REPORTS.
later made by which the city received a financial compensation. The last contract was made in 1900 for a period of five years, and the city was to receive the sum of $1,100 annually. The contract expired April 1, 1905, and this board determined, after careful investigation and deliberation, that the city's offal could be much more profitably disposed of by establishing a plant where it could be sold directly to customers.
Necessary buildings were constructed by recommendation of his honor the mayor April 5, 1905, on the city's land adjacent to the health department stables, and the sale of the offal at this place has continued during the last nine months of the year. During this time the amount received has been $4,549.86, while the added expense of handling it, exclusive of the cost of install- ing the plant, has been $470, leaving a net income for the nine months of $4,079.86.
Since the first few weeks when the new system was getting into running order, the demand has equaled the supply, and the offal has been disposed of as fast as it has been collected, and in a sanitary and satisfactory manner. The force employed con- sists of twenty-three regular men, with eleven horses and eleven wagons.
Stables.
Under the provisions of sections 69 and 70 of the revised laws of 1902, seventeen petitions for licenses to erect and use stables were received and disposed of as follows :-
Number granted 8
Number refused .
8
Number referred to board of 1906 .
1
Board of Infants.
Eight parties, whose applications were first approved by this board, have been licensed by the state board of charity to care for sixteen children, in this city, under the provisions of chapter 83 of the revised laws of 1902.
Deaths.
There were 968 deaths and sixty stillbirths in the city during the year, as specified in the following table, which shows an in- crease of deaths over the previous year of four :-
Deaths at Somerville hospital during the year 53
Deaths at Cherry-street hospital 2
Deaths at home for aged poor (Highland avenue), 51
Deaths at home for aged (Grand View avenue) 1 Deaths at City home . 2
261
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
DEATHS BY AGES.
AGES.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Under one
157
76
81
One to two .
23
14
9
Two to three.
10
4
6
Three to four
13
9
4
Four to five
11
10
1
Five to ten
29
17
12
Ten to fifteen
9
5
4
Fifteen to twenty
17
9
8
Twenty to thirty
67
28
39
Thirty to forty
68
33
35
Forty to fifty
80
31
49
Fifty to sixty
98
48
50
Sixty to seventy
132
74
58
Seventy to eighty .
172
70
102
Eighty to ninety
74
21
53
Ninety and over
8
4
4
Total
968
453
515
.
Of the stillborn, 32 were males and 28 females.
262
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Mortality in Somerville in 1905.
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Total.
I. GENERAL DISEASES.
(A. Epidemic Diseases.)
Scarlet fever
1
1
4
Diphtheria . .
3
2
1
1
1 1 6211
1
1
3
1
9
Erysipelas
1
1
1
1
1
7
Cholera morbus
1
1
2
6
10
La grippe
4
3
3
3
1
(B. „Other General Diseases.)
Septicemia
1
1
3
Rheumatism
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
....
Chlorosis
4
2
4
4
3
6
3
6
4
5
4
52
Tumor
1
1
1
1
1
5
Leukæmia
1
1
Diabetes
1
1
1
2
5
Syphilis' .
4
8
10
12
10
4
8
9
6
4
2
7
84
Tubercular meningiti:
3
2
1
1
....
8 1
II. DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Meningitis
2
2
4
1
2
1
1 4
2
1
16
Apoplexy
4
3
6
6
3
3
8
8
4
7
8
64
Paralysis
4
1
3
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
5
Convulsions
2
6
Neuritis .
1
1
Spinal disease
1
1
3
Hemiplegia .
1
2
1
2
2
9
Epilepsy
1
1
1
1
4
Myelitis .
1
1
2
Eclampsia
1
1
1
1
4
III. DISEASES OF THE CIRCULA- TORY SYSTEM.
Heart disease
3
9
3
12
6
2
8
10
2
8
10
9
82
Endocarditis
2
1
6
Myocarditis
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
13
Pericarditis
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
Cyanosis
1
1
IV. DISEASES OF THE RESPIRA - TORY SYSTEM.
Pneumonia .
14
19
14
14
10
4
5
2
5
11
15
14
127
Bronchitis
5
2
3
3
3
2
2
1
3
5
2
31
Hemorrhage
Asthma .
Pulmonary œdema
3
1
1
1
1
1
8
Emphysema
...
1
.. . .
1
.
Exophthalmic goiter
1
...
...
18
Brain diseases
1
1
1
1
..
1
Tuberculosis
1
. .
1
1
Dysentery
3
17
1 1
Pernicious Anæmia
1
. .
Cancer
7
1
Typhoid fever
1
2
3
3
17
5 7 1
.
2
1
1
2
6
2
1
1
2
Angina pectoris
1
3
1
1
3
2
1
1
263
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
MORTALITY IN SOMERVILLE IN 1905. - Concluded.
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Total.
V. DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Colitis
1
1
4
1
7
Gastritis .
1
2
1
2
1
. .
Peritonitis
1
1
1
1
1
5
Diarrhea
1
3
1
1
6
Cholera infantum .
1
10
6
3
2
22
Liver disease
1
3
Ptomaine poisoning
2
1
1
Enteritis
1
3
2
7
8
2
4
1
28
Hernia
1
1
1
3
Intestinal obstruction
3
1
1
1
6
Appendicitis
1
. .
.
1
1
1
1
2
7
Cirrhosis liver
1
2
2
1
6
Jaundice
1
.
VI. DISEASES OF GENITO-URI- NARY SYSTEM.
Bright's disease
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
14
Cystitis
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
Nephritis
5
6
9
2
5
7
3
5
5
5
11
63
VII. CHILDBIRTH.
Childbirth
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
9
VIII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN.
Abscess
1
1
1
1
1
5
Eczema
1
1
Gangrene
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ulcer
IX. DISEASES OF THE LOCOMO- TOR SYSTEM.
Ostitis
1
1
X. MALFORMATIONS.
Hydrocephalus
1
1
1
1
4
Malformation
3
1
5
XI. EARLY INFANCY.
Inanition
1
2
3
1
7
Atelecta sis
1
1
2
Premature birth and congenital debility
4
6
1
5
2
1
5
4
2
1
1
32
XII. OLD AGE.
Old age
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
4
3
18
XIII. VIOLENCE.
Alcoholism
1
1
2
Railroad .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
Suicide
1
1
1
3
Burning .
1
1
2
4
Fracture of skull
1
2
3
Gas poisoning
1
1
2
Concussion of brain
1
1
Bullet wound .
1
1
Total
90
82
107
80
76
57
86
82
72
71
88
77
968
Stillborn
8
4
6
3
4
6
4
6
5
4
4
6
60
Population ( estimated )
70,000
Death rate per thousand
13.8
2
. ..
....
...
....
Erythema
1
1
1
1
Asphyxia neonatorum
. .
. .
...
1
. .
1
Drowning
1
1
2
Poisoning
1
1
...
2
2
Gastric ulcer
1
...
.
1
..
264
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Social Relations of Decedents.
Married
334
Single
381
Widow
188
Widower
62
Divorced
2
Unknown
1
Total
Nativity of Decedents.
Somerville
233
Massachusetts
Other New England states
237
Other states
162
Canada
74
Ireland
158
Italy
11
Norway and Sweden
6
Russia
5
Other countries
8
Unknown
2
Total
968
Nativity of Parents of Decedents.
Father Mother
Somerville
11
21
Massachusetts
171
173
Other New England states .
167
163
Other states
29
18
Canada and provinces .
126
144
England, Scotland, and Wales
63
52
Ireland
294
301
Italy
14
12
Norway and Sweden
18
13
Russia
6
6
Other countries
26
21
Unknown
43
44
Total
968
968
Of the parents of the stillborn, 25 fathers and 31 mothers were na- tives of the United States, and 35 fathers and 29 mothers were of foreign birth.
Diseases Dangerous to the Public Health.
This board has adjudged that the diseases known as small- pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, membraneous croup, typhus fever. typhoid fever, chicken-pox, pulmonary tuberculosis, cerebro- spinal meningitis, and cholera are infectious, or contagious, and dangerous to the public health and safety within the meaning of the statutes. Physicians are required to report immediately to the board every case of either of these diseases and all cases of measles coming under their care, and postal cards conveniently printed and addressed are supplied to them for the purpose. On receipt of a card from a physician, the superintendent of schools, the principal of the school in the district in which the
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