Report of the city of Somerville 1907, Part 24

Author: Somerville (Mass.)
Publication date: 1907
Publisher: Somerville, Mass.
Number of Pages: 548


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1907 > Part 24


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OFFICE OF INSPECTOR OF MILK AND VINEGAR,


310 Broadway, Somerville, January 1, 1908.


To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-


Gentlemen,-I herewith submit my report for the year end- ing December 31, 1907.


Two epidemics of contagious diseases have occurred in the city during the year, and in both the source of infection seemed to be traceable to a contaminated milk supply. During the scarlet fever outbreak in January, I made about one hundred visits, and in my opinion the cause of the epidemic was infected milk. In September an outbreak of typhoid fever occurred, and as a result of fifty visits in the city and to the sources of supply of the milk affected, I believe the contamination of milk to have been the cause of the epidemic, although no definite source of infection could be discovered.


During the year I have issued 133 licenses to milk dealers, three to sell oleomargarine, twenty-nine to grocers to deliver milk on teams, and 136 registrations of stores for the sale of milk, making a total of 301. I have received and paid to the treasurer of the city $151.74, of which $150.50 was for licenses issued, and $1.24 for postage stamps.


I have made 103 visits of inspection to the stables and milk rooms of the dealers in the city, and have caused them to make many needed alterations and improvements. I have also in- spected forty-nine farms in the towns of Concord, Billerica, Car- lisle, and Waltham, where milk is produced for sale in Somer- ville; many things were found in the methods of milking, strain- ing, cooling, and keeping the milk which were open to criticism, and I believe that more work along the line of keeping the milk pure at its source of supply will be of great benefit to our citizens.


The new regulation adopted by the board, requiring that milk be kept at a temperature not to exceed fifty degrees Far- enheit, has been productive of good and is very generally com- plied with. Of 200 temperatures taken throughout the city, nearly all were found to be satisfactory, the instances of high temperature being practically all in stores.


I have collected and analyzed 791 samples of milk, sixty samples of vinegar, and thirteen samples of cream, making a total of 864.


Several complaints have been received from citizens as fol- lows : Bloody milk, one; poor milk, two; dirty milk, one; ty- phoid, one; an analysis of one sample of milk was made at the request of a physician.


A microscope was purchased for the use of the inspector in


310


ANNUAL REPORTS.


July, and 164 examinations of samples of milk for bacteria, pus, and dirt have been made. I consider the microscopic examina- tion of milk to be a very important part of the work of this de- partment. A new set of analytical balances has also been pur- chased this year; it is one of the finest made and sensitive to one-twentieth of a milligramme.


I hope to install the card index system for filing records next year.


The following cases were prosecuted in court :-


9 storekeepers, selling milk below the standard; each fined $10 $90 00


2 storekeepers, selling milk below the standard; each fined $5 10 00


1 farmer, who produces and brings his milk to a dealer; fined 20 00


1 milk dealer for diluting whole milk with skimmed milk; . . fined . · 1 keeper of a lunch room, milk below the standard; fined, 10 00 .


25 00


1 milk dealer; milk below the standard; fined 10 00 .


1 storekeeper for not registering; fined 10 00


· 1 milk dealer, second offence, fined ·


..


100 00


1 milk dealer, third offence, sentenced to 60 days in house of correction and fined 50 00


(Jail sentence was suspended on condition that he would not again attempt to do business in Somerville.)


4 storekeepers found not guilty. 1


1 storekeeper found guilty of second offence, but sentence suspended on condition that he will not attempt to sell milk again.


1 case nol prossed.


Amount of fines imposed by the courts . $325 00


In prosecuting the above cases I spent twenty days in the Somerville court and two days in the superior court.


I have made about 800 visits to stores for the purpose of inspecting their methods and facilities, and to explain the new regulations and statute laws.


The average daily consumption of milk is about 25,100 quarts, beside 400 quarts of cream and thirty-five quarts of fresh condensed milk. There has been a great improvement during the past year in the quality of, and the method of handling, the milk. We are indebted to the secretary of the state board of health for the vigorous inspection of the producing farms in and out of the state.


I desire to thank the board for the support given me in the enforcement of the laws.


The office of the inspector is open for the issuing of licenses and to receive the complaints of citizens from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M. every week day in the year.


Respectfully submitted, JULIUS E. RICHARDSON, V. S.,


Inspector of Milk and Vinegar.


SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.


Board of Overseers of the Poor. EDWARD B. WEST, President. ALBERT W. EDMANDS, Vice-president. HERBERT E. MERRILL.


Committees. ON FINANCE, INVESTIGATION AND RELIEF, AND .CITY HOME. - Mr. West, Mr. Edmands and Mr. Merrill.


Secretary. CORA F. LEWIS.


General Agent. CHARLES C. FOLSOM.


City Physician. C. CLARKE TOWLE, M. D.


Warden and Matron, City Home. Mr. and Mrs. J. FOSTER COLQUHOUN.


Office. City Hall Annex, Highland Avenue,


REPORT OF OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.


Somerville, Mass., December 31, 1907.


To His Honor, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen of the City of Somerville :-


Gentlemen,-In accordance with our usual custom, we beg leave to submit the following report for the year 1907 :-


In the past year some important improvements and addi- tions have been made at the city home. A more perfect system of heating has been put in, thereby saving, we think, some con- siderable expense for fuel. A new floor has been laid in the dining-room, and the house generally seems to be in first-class repair.


As our agent mentions in his report, the financial and busi- ness depressions of the last few months have added some twenty per cent. to the calls upon this department, and transfers from the state institution have added several to the inmates of the home. We hear of no cases of want which are not properly re- lieved when called to the attention of the board.


Upon the management of the affairs of our city in common with that of others some reflection has lately been cast. Cer- tainly in this department we feel that there are few indications of useless or extravagant expenditure. To provide a pleasant and suitable home for our aged and helpless people and proper relief for all our deserving poor is and has been our sole aim. Our home, so far as regards original cost, attractiveness, and ex- pense for maintenance, certainly compares most favorably with any similar institution in the state. In our agent, warden, and matron the city has most efficient and faithful servants, in whose hands her interests are most thoroughly guarded.


Very respectfully,


EDWARD B. WEST, ALBERT W. EDMANDS,


HERBERT E. MERRILL,


- Overseers of the Poor.


-


REPORT OF GENERAL AGENT.


Somerville, Mass., December 31, 1907.


To the Board of Overseers of the Poor, Somerville, Mass. :-


Gentlemen,-I herewith submit my report for the year 1907.


Business Good.


During a large part of the year business was good and working people were generally employed, so that we aided less families and less persons than in former years. There was quite a large number of families, however, that we were obliged to aid, owing to the fact that they did not have sufficient income for their support. In the most of these cases the head of the family had died, or was unable to provide for those dependent on him for support by reason of sickness. As in 1906, we aided a large number of widows, the most of them with large families.


Business Dull.


Late in the fall the financial depression caused many to lose their work, and as a consequence during November and Decem- ber we were obliged to aid more families and to admit more to the city home than ever before during the same length of time. The expense was about twenty per cent. more in these two months than the corresponding months of 1906.


In Touch with the Poor.


We have tried to keep in touch with those who were des- titute and needed assistance from the city. Many families, no doubt, have suffered rather than make their wants known. We believe, however, there has been as little suffering in this city as in any one of its size in the state.


Hospital.


We still find the hospital a very great help in dealing with the sick poor. If a maternity ward could be added, it would be a great blessing to some of the poorer people, as well as others, who would be glad to patronize the same.


City Home.


I can again testify to the wisdom of the city officials in es- tablishing the city home when they did. We could hardly get along without it now.


314


ANNUAL REPORTS.


City Physician.


The city physician, Dr. C. Clarke Towle, is doing faithful work among the poor, many having testified to this during the year.


Persons Aided.


Again I can say that the year just closed has been one of satisfaction because of the fact that we have been able to reach and aid directly or indirectly (including the work of the city physician) more than 2,000 persons, and by so doing we have prevented much distress and suffering, and have added to the comfort and happiness of many more.


Small Appropriations.


The appropriations for the care of the poor in this city are, we believe, smaller than those made in any other city in the com- monwealth, according to the population, and yet I think the poor are looked after and made as comfortable here as in any part of the state. I think our neighbors from other cities and towns and the state officials will testify to this fact.


Self Supporting.


One of the chief aims of this office is to help each person and family aided to become self-supporting as soon as possible. This of course cannot always be accomplished, owing to the ad- vanced age and infirmity of some of those aided; but in a great many cases, by investigating and keeping a close watch, we can help them to help themselves. By so doing they become self- respecting and self-reliant. In doing this we are sometimes obliged to be very firm, and in many cases positively refuse to continue aid when asked to do so; but we have learned that in the end this is the correct method, and the one adopted and taught by those who have had the most experience.


Gentlemen of the board, as in the past, I again thank you for uniform courtesies and help received from all of the members, the secretary and city physician, also from the warden and matron of the city home. The year just closed has surely been one of the most pleasant and satisfactory of the twenty-two years of my service in this department. The tables attached give de- tailed work of the department for the year.


Very respectfully,


1


C. C. FOLSOM, General Agent.


315


SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.


Table No. 1. FULL SUPPORT (DURING THE YEAR).


In our city home (men 28, women 13). 41


In our city home (men 18, women 9), December 31, 1907 . ·


27


In private families 2


In Somerville hospital


179


In hospitals for the sick in other towns and cities


51


In hospital for dipsomaniacs


6


In hospital for epileptics


6


Table No. 2. PARTIAL SUPPORT (OUTDOOR RELIEF).


Families


208


Persons aided (not including hospital cases)


854


Burials


12


Permits to Tewksbury almshouse .


16


Average expense to city for each (ambulance for several),


$2.521/2


Table No. 3. REIMBURSEMENTS.


Commonwealth of Massachusetts City of Beverly .


$1,220 20


66


Boston


1,092 67


66


Cambridge


573 72


66


Everett


5 25


66


Fall River


129 53


66


Gloucester


52 17


66


66 Haverhill


86 77


66


Lawrence


82 86


66


66 Marlboro


2 00


6


Medford


53 18


66


Newton


158 85


60


Salem


27 80


66


66


Springfield


133 61


66


Waltham


2 00


66


Woburn


111 21


66


Worcester


102 30


Town of Belmont


119 50


" Boylston


66 25


Brookline


18 14


Harwich


3 00


Middleboro


22 43


66


66 Stoneham


71 25


West Boylston


14 29


Westminster


13 00


66


Weston


35 00


Winchester


12 86


Relatives and individuals .


129 27


$4,626 49


Leominster


52 17


6 Malden


91 70


32 86


Chelsea


110 65


316


ANNUAL REPORTS.


Table No. 4.


SOMERVILLE HOSPITAL (PATIENTS ON CITY BEDS).


Patients having settlement in Somerville


61


Patients having settlement in other cities or towns 39


Patients having no settlement (chargeable to state) 79 Total number of patients sent to hospital 179


Money paid hospital by the city for patients settled in Somerville $5,000 00 . Amount reimbursed to the city and paid to the hospital for patients not settled in Somerville . 2,054 24


Total paid to the hospital


$7,054 24


Table No. 5.


POPULATION AND GROSS EXPENDITURES, 1883 TO 1907, INCLUSIVE.


Year.


Population (Estimated).


Expenditures.


1883


27,000


$15,959 80


1884


28,000


17,272 52


1885


*29,992


16,430 32


1886


32,000


14,341 83


1887


34,000


13,430 89


1888


36,000


13,375 98


1889


39,000


14,610 92


1890


*40,117


15,261 14


1891


43,000


15,980 49


1892


46,000


17,015 30


1893


48,000


17,799 58


1894


50,000


19,733 13


1895


*52,200


20,755 46


1896


54,000


21,999 79


1897


56,000


25,681 47


1898


57,500


28,522 21


1899


60,000


28,924 39


1900


*61,643


City home,


5,528.83


29,226 45


1901


62,500


City home, 6,622.43


35,793 58


Miscellaneous, $28,667.04


36,063 68


1903


65,500


Miscellaneous, $30,470.20 City home, 7,548.39


38,018 59


Miscellaneous, $20,476.54


27,039 65


1905


*69,272


2 City home, 7,474.36


25,002 24


Miscellaneous, $18,237.53


1906


.


72,000


City home, 6,806.79


25,044 32


§ Miscellaneous, $17,852.20


1907


·


74,000


City home,


$7.001.23


24,853.48


*Census.


Miscellaneous, $23,697.62


Miscellaneous, $29,171.15


1902


63,500


City home, 7,396.64


1904


69,500


City home, 6,563.11


Miscellaneous, $17,527.88


Table No. 6. EXPENDITURES, IN DETAIL, FOR THE YEAR 1907.


1907.


Dry Goods.


Board.


Groceries.


Somerville Poor in Other · Cities and Towns


Boots and Shoes.


Medicine.


Burials.


Salaries.


Fuel.


Sundries.


Cash Paid Out.


Tele- phone.


Stationery and Printing.


Somerville Hospital.


State Hospital.


Foxboro State Hospital.


Feebie- minded School.


Epileptic Hospitaland Rutland Sanatorium.


Total.


January


$88 36


$710 44


$207 14


$18 25


$19 88


$30 00


$291 66


$170 94


$744 00


$19 20


$17 80


$23 45


$99 0)4


$78 93


$205 71


$2,724 80


February .


65 43


402 76


42 80


20 90


65 00


291 66


3 62


13 90


15 34


.


·


March


55 72


526 71


1 25


26 70


15 00


291 66


240 43


4 00


9 10


·


April .


80 16


388 52


317 87


11 65


32 90


291 66


10 43


6 40


9 15


5 00


$533 32


74 46


May


48 72


387 30


73 21


20 78


291 66


6 00


20 44


16 94


133 33


18 11


152 29


1,170 78


June


73 16


270 34


21 04


291 66


2 00


11 25


.


9 70


17 28


7 50


133 33


18 57


$1,693 09 256 26


15 15


1,946 45


September


$1 50


73 16


302 00


2 86


7 90


316 99


1 00


6 57


4 00


133 33


5 11


222 14


1,076 56


October


.


11 15


47 16


364 00


47 14


2 50


10 00


291 66


3 95


133 33


48 75


964 64


December


48 72


50 00


3 00


15 00


291 74


189 35


14 55


587 61


33 90


1,233 87


Totals .


$12 65


$726 75


$4,298 57


$1,850 80


$47 30


$209 42


$170 00


$3,539 33


$623 65


$777 30


$137 66


$87 87


$50 08


$2,054 24


$250 47


$241 44


$1,949 35


$825 32


$17,852 20


.


44 49


7 32


291 66


2,514 66


August


48 72


375 00


722 42


10 65


26 39


291 66


8 70


2 63


133 33


55 54


·


.


21 43


38 07


1,279 76


20 61


305 66


6 88


9 71


23 98


133 33


7 50


133 33


845 28


July


48 72


243 00


278 50


392 87


November


·


.


· . .


35 00


.


1 14


922 55


11 87


228 89


1,411 33


1,761 52


2 00


5 00


48 72


2


1


.


.


t


r


SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.


317


Overseers of the Poor of Somerville. SINCE THE REORGANIZATION IN 1885.


-


tHon. Mark F. Burns, chairman ex-officio . 1885


1888 inclusive


tColonel Herbert E. Hill . · . 1885


1889


66


¡Charles S. Lincoln, Esq., chairman


1885


1887


66


Hon. Edward Glines .


1885


1887 66


tCharles G. Brett (president 1888-1892) .


1885


April 1893 66


Edward B. West (president May, 1894, to date)


1888


to date*


*Daniel C. Stillson ·


1888


April 1892


tHon. Charles G. Pope, chairman ex-officio .


1889


1891


. Nathan H. Reed (president 1893 to April, 1894)


1890


April 1894


66


tHon. William H. Hodgkins, chairman officio


1892


1895


James G. Hinckley


May 1892


1894


Albert W. Edmands


May 1893


to


date **


Herbert E. Merrill


May 1894


to


date*


tEzra D. Souther


1895


Feb.


1898 (Died)


Hon. Albion A. Perry, chairman ex-officio . 1896


1898 inclusive


James H. Butler


March 1898


1899


66


Hon. George O. Proctor, chairman ex-officio, 1899


*Present member.


tDeceased.


Table No. 7. RECAPITULATION ( MISCELLANEOUS ).


Appropriation


$14,000 00 4,626 49


Total receipts ·


Total expenditures


$18,626 49 17,852 20


Balance


Net expenditures


$774 29 $13,225 71


·


·


ex-


66


.


Reimbursements


REPORT OF WARDEN OF CITY HOME.


1 City Home, January 1, 1908. To the Overseers of the Poor, Somerville, Mass. :-


Gentlemen,-I submit the following as the report of the war- den of the city home for the year ending December 31, 1907 :-


Table No. 1. REIMBURSEMENTS.


Produce and pork sold .


$3,452 12


Board of sundry persons


340 00


$3,792 12


Table No. 2. LIVING EXPENSES.


Salaries and wages .


$2,554 93


Groceries and provisions


1,770 99


Dry goods


194 37


Boots and shoes


51 35


Hay and grain .


607 14


Seeds and fertilizer


113 68


House furnishings


25 95


Kitchen furnishings Sundries


145 21


Farm sundries


267 64


Cash paid by warden, car fares for warden, inmates and laborers


36 35


Medicine


66 02


Shoeing horses .


45 35


Repairs on wagons and tools


107 40


Repairs on sash


7 34


General repairs


26 49


Swill and bedding


246 79


New tools


95 90


Live stock .


99 00


Telephone


56 51


$6,572 67


Credits :-


Produce and pork sold .


$3,452 12


Board of sundry persons


340 00


Net living expenses .


$2,780 55


Table No. 3.


Number weeks' board of inmates 1,296 3-7


Number of males admitted during 1907


20


Number of females admitted during 1907


6


Number of males discharged during 1907


12


Number of females discharged during 1907 .


2


3,792 12


54 26


319


SUPPORT OF POOR DEPARTMENT.


Number of males supported during 1907 29


Number of females supported during 1907 .


14


Number of males died during 1907 3


Number of females died during 1907 3


Number of inmates in home December 31, 1907


27


Table No. 4. FARM ACCOUNT. REIMBURSEMENTS.


Produce and pork sold


$3,452 12


Produce used at city home


312 78


$3,764 90


EXPENSES.


Wages for help


$1,149 44


Feed for one horse


151 79


Shoeing one horse


15 02


Repairs on wagon and tools


107 40


Repairs on sash


7 34


Swill and bedding


246 79


Farm sundries .


267 64


Seed and fertilizer


113 68


2,059 10


Balance


$1,705 80


Table No. 5. PERMANENT REPAIRS AND FIXTURES.


Laying 618 feet water pipe


$373 33


Repairs on piggery .


43 33


Brick, lime, and cement


11 90


Living expenses


$428 56 6,572 67


Total expenses


$7,001 23


Table No. 6. RECAPITULATION.


Appropriation


$2,500 00


Reimbursements


3,792 12


Net expenditures


3,209 11


Total expenditures


$7,001 23


Total receipts .


6,292 12


Account overdrawn .


$709 11


.


.


Respectfully submitted,


J. FOSTER COLQUHOUN, Warden.


REPORT OF THE CITY PHYSICIAN.


OFFICE OF CITY PHYSICIAN, Somerville, January 1, 1908. S


To His Honor, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen :-


Gentlemen,-I beg to submit the following summary as rep- resenting the work of your city physician for 1907 :-


House visits


1,822


Office consultations


1,082


Visits at city home .


33


Attended at police station


54


Vaccinations


190


Confinements


24


Examinations for legal department


12


Very respectfully,


C. CLARKE TOWLE, City Physician.


1


REPORT OF THE CITY ENGINEER.


OFFICE OF THE CITY ENGINEER, CITY HALL, SOMERVILLE, JANUARY 20, 1908. To His Honor, the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen :-


Gentlemen,-In accordance with the provisions of the city charter, the following report of the work done and expense incurred for the year ending December 31, 1907, by the depart- ments and appropriations under my charge and supervision, in- cluding Engineering, Grade Crossings, Sewers Construction, Sewers Maintenance, Public Grounds, and other public works, is herewith presented.


ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. Statement of Expenses, 1907.


Salary of City Engineer .


$3,000 00


Salaries of assistants (see itemized state- ment)


7,733 29


Stakes, tools, and general supplies (outside work)


66 08


Draughting materials and office supplies (inside work)


150 99


City maps


48 00


City fares


250 75


Maintenance of team.


173 90


Telephone, postage, and incidentals


120 87


Total debit


$11,543 88


CREDIT.


Appropriation


Amount received for making acceptance · $11,500 00


plans


45 00


Total credit


$11,545 00


Balance unexpended


$1 12


.


322


ANNUAL REPORTS.


Classification of Expenses, Assistants' Salaries.


Sewers,-comprising surveys, estimates, profiles, lines,


grades, titles, plans, assessments, and all engineering work relating to sewers $2,014 26 . Highways,-comprising plans, estimates, titles, profiles, lines and grades, inspection of paving, and all other engineering relating to the department 626 53 Sidewalks,-comprising profiles, lines, grades, measure- ments, titles, costs, and assessments 1,190 12


Water Works,-comprising lines, grades, locations of mains, gates, hydrants, and services, and other mat- ters relating to water department


322 48


Public Grounds,-comprising surveys, plans, estimates, profiles, and grades, including laying out of parks, and grounds, and boulevards


102 78


Public Buildings,-comprising surveys, estimates, lines and grades, and other work relating to construction 40 48 . Street Numbering,-comprising locations of buildings, plans, and affixing street numbers on houses 321 98


Street Lines and Grades,-comprising establishing of lines, grades, and miscellaneous data given parties for building and grading


138 11


City Survey,-comprising establishing of street lines, acceptance plans, and miscellaneous survey work for city map, bridges, etc. 926 45


Middlesex Registry,-comprising copying of plans and ab- stracts from deeds and examination of titles filed at East Cambridge, also tracings of street acceptance and sewer taking plans filed for record


282 54


Railway, Telephone, Electric Light, and Gas Light Com- panies,-comprising grades, plans, profiles and office notes, locations of roles and conduits .


72 61


Stone Bounds,-locating and setting


95 50


Office Work,-comprising records of all locations, index- ing, typewriting, calculations, and general draughting. Miscellaneous Work,-comprising preliminary surveys, designs, sketches, etc., relating to various schemes for different committees 52 33


928 96


Vacations, Holidays, and Sickness


618 16


Total


Grade Crossings Account.


STATEMENT OF EXPENSES, 1907.


Legal services (City Solicitor) $200 00


Consulting engineer's services 200 00


143 31


Printing, advertising, etc.


$543 31 1


CREDIT.


Balance of appropriaton unexpended December 31, 1906. $373 51


$169 80


Overdrawn


$7,733 29


323


CITY ENGINEER.


Office Records and Value of Instruments.


Number of survey note-books, sewer permit books, and deed books, two hundred and sixty-five.


Number of plans, including sewers, highways, parks, house lots, etc., six thousand.


Value of field instruments, tools, and office instruments, $2,000


The total cost of maintaining the city engineer's department since it was established (1872-1907, both years inclusive) has amounted to $248,791.03.


General Work. The number of assistants employed dur- ing the year on engineering work varied from eight to eleven.


The department has made designs, plans, estimates of cost of contemplated and completed public works, etc., as required by various orders of the board of aldermen and committees. All survey notes, records, and plans made of sewers, drains, highway work, water works, grade crossing work, etc., have been filed for future reference.


All plans of estates in Somerville recorded at the Registry of Deeds, East Cambridge, have been copied, titles examined, and abstracts from deeds made for the purpose of assessments, and the proportional part of the cost of new work computed, and schedules of assessments made out showing the property own- ers ; and copies made of all city plans where land has been taken for highways or sewers, and these have been filed and recorded at the Registry, East Cambridge, as required by law.


Plans have been made and photographs taken where acci- dents have occurred on the city work or where boundaries were in dispute, for the use of the city solicitor in court cases and hearings; and special plans and data prepared for hearings re- lating to the proposed bridges and approaches on Lowell street, over the Southern division, and the abolition of all grade cross- ings on the Fitchburg division of the Boston & Maine railroad.


A number of street names have been changed and plans made showing a re-numbering of the buildings, and all old num- bering plans revised, new houses plotted, and numbers assigned : some of the old main thoroughfares should be re-numbered throughout their entire length, so as to eliminate half numbers and letters now being used, as many of these old streets have outgrown their original numbering.


There are many streets, avenues, courts, and places in the city of the same or very similar name, which should be changed to prevent the confusion and inconvenience now existing.


Stone monuments have been set at a number of street inter- sections and angles to define and preserve the true lines of pub- lic streets, and this work should be continued as much as possi- ble each year. By setting these stone bounds or monuments, in Portland cement concrete, at the level of the surface of the ground, or flush with the surface of the sidewalk, they can also




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