USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1908 > Part 19
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District No. 1 .- Prescott, Hanscom, Davis, and Edgerly schools. Inspector, Dr. Francis Shaw, 57 Cross street.
District No. 2 .- Baxter, Knapp, Perry, and Bell schools. Inspector, Dr. Edward J. Dailey, 5 Summer street.
District No. 3 .- Bennett, Pope, Cummings, and Proctor schools. Inspector, Dr. L. H. Raymond, 66 Highland avenue.
District No. 4 .- Morse, Carr, Durell, and Burns schools. Inspector, Dr. W. L. Bond, 322 Highland avenue.
District No. 5 .- Brown, Bingham, and Forster schools. In- spector, Dr. H. M. Stoodley, 383 Highland avenue.
District No. 6 .- Lincoln, Hodgkins, Highland, and Lowe schools. Inspector, Dr. H. Cholerton, 396 Highland avenue.
District No. 7 .- Glines, English High, and Latin High schools. Inspector, Dr. R. F. Gibson, 108 Highland avenue.
Parochial Schools .- Inspector, Dr. M. W. White, 42 Bow street.
Bacteriological Department.
The work of this department was performed by Frank L. Morse, M. D., medical inspector of the board, whose report is appended to this report :-
Specimens will be received at the laboratory at the city hall daily, including Sunday, at any time, and they will be examined and reported upon the morning following their reception.
SPECIMENS AND ANTI-TOXIN.
Outfits for specimens for tuberculosis, diphtheria, and typhoid fever, and diphtheria anti-toxin and vaccine lymph may be obtained at the laboratory and at the following places :-
43
258
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Adams Pharmacy, Willow and Highland avenue.
Claude Curtis, 154 Perkins street.
Bay State Pharmacy, 173 Washington street.
Edward E. Edwards, 25 Union square.
Fred W. Gay, 524 Somerville avenue.
Hart Brothers, 263 Highland avenue. Percy A. Hall, 2 Studio building, Davis square.
Herbert E. Bowman, 529 Medford street, Magoun square.
Eugene B. Carpenter, 10 Broadway.
Julius E. Richardson, 310 Broadway. Paul S. Eaton, 693 Broadway.
Willis S. Furbush & Co., 1153 Broadway.
After the specimen is collected, it must be taken or sent directly to the laboratory at the city hall.
Undertakers.
Under the provisions of section 44 of chapter 78 of the revised laws of 1902, eighteen persons have been duly licensed as undertakers.
Examiners of Plumters.
The public statutes provide for a board of examiners of plumbers, consisting of a chairman of the board of health, the inspector of buildings, and an expert at plumbing, to be ap- pointed by the board of health. This board appointed Duncan C. Greene, the inspector of plumbing, to fill the place of expert. The number of licenses granted will be found in the report of the inspector of buildings.
Regulations.
The regulations of the board were printed in 1898. Since that time several new regulations have been adopted, and changes made in those existing, so it was deemed advisable to revise the regulations of the board and bring them up to date. This has been done and the regulations as now in force have been printed and are ready for distribution.
Tuberculosis Exhibition.
The "Great White Plague," which has ravaged the civilized countries of the world for centuries, is being robbed of its ter- rors. Within a comparatively few years it has come to be real- ized that the disease is preventable, and in the great majority of cases curable. A rapidly intensifying world-wide interest is de- veloping along the line of the prevention and cure of tubercu- losis, and it is believed by the most eminent authorities that the disease may be practically eliminated as a result of the co-opera- tion of an educated public with a zealous medical profession.
In order that the citizens of Somerville might be impressed with the importance of this matter, and that they might receive practical instruction in the essentials of preventive measures, a
259
.
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
free tuberculosis exhibition was held in Moore hall, Y. M. C. A. building, May 8 to 11. The articles exhibited included charts, models, furniture, photographs, and statistics showing modern methods employed in preventing and treating the disease, all of which were furnished by the Massachusetts Society for the Pre- vention of Tuberculosis.
Public meetings were held every afternoon and evening dur- ing the exhibition, and the speakers included Miss M. Alice Gallagher of Boston, Miss Ellen T. Emerson of Concord, Henry Abrahams of Boston, Rev. Elwood Worcester of the Emmanuel church, and Dr. Herbert C. Clapp of Boston. Mrs. Julia A. Aldrich presided over the women's meeting, Senator Elmer A. Stevens over the men's meeting, and Hon. Charles A. Grimmons over the mass meeting. The meetings were very widely adver- tised by posters and circulars, and nearly 5,000 persons visited the hall during the exhibition. Arrangements were made so that the teachers and children in the schools visited the exhibi- tion quite generally, and all classes of people were reached through the press, pulpits, and by general advertising.
The exhibition was certainly a marked success, and its influ- ence for good cannot be measured. The board feels that efforts to instruct the citizens in the methods of preventing disease are - equally important with those calculated to properly care for dis- eases after they have developed.
Financial Statement for 1908. HEALTH DEPARTMENT. CREDIT.
Appropriation
$8,000 00
Receipts :-
Milk fees
147 18
Permit fees .
61 00
Milk Inspector, sale of machine
5 00
Sundry cities and towns, for care of dis-
eases dangerous to public health in
1907 and 1908 .
346 34
Total credit
.
$8,559 52
Salaries
$5,200 00
Repairing and painting vehicles
55 75
Repairing regenerator
24 00
Repairing harnesses.
13 70
Horse doctoring
2 30
Horseshoeing
21 25
Burying dead animals
182 75
Office expenses, milk inspector
202 15
Books, stationery, printing, and postage
146 27
Bacteriological laboratory
131 41
Board of agent's horse
311 50
Telephones
105 76
Amounts carried forward .
$6,396 84
$8,559 52
DEBIT.
260
ANNUAL REPORTS.
Amounts brought forward
$6,396 84
$3,559 52
Care of diseases dangerous to public health
(settlements in Somerville)
4,332 63
Incidentals
210 34
Total debit
$10,939 81
Amount overdrawn
$2,380 29
Health Department, Collection of Ashes and Offal.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
. .
$43,000 00
Transferred from Overlay and Abatement
account .
6,000 00
Sale of offal, rags, etc.
8,263 05
Total credit
$57,263 05
Salary of superintendent
$1,300 00
Collection of ashes
26,091 35
Collection of offal
18,309 75
Stable expenses
2,240 00
Two new offal wagons
393 00
Repairing wagons
870 90
Tools and repairing same
277 41
Harnesses and repairing same
752 04
One new horse
312 50
Horse doctoring
70 45
Board of superintendent's horse
284 84
Horseshoeing
890 10
Hay and grain
5,997 42
Incidentals
222 26
Total debit
$58,012 02
Amount overdrawn
$748 97
Health Department, Hospital for Contagious Diseases.
CREDIT.
Appropriation
$1,000 00
Balance unexpended January 1, 1908 .
935 00
Receipts :-
Sundry cities and commonwealth of Mas- sachusetts, for care of patients .
7,389 14
Board of Health, patients settled in Som- erville
1,860 01
Total credit
$11,184 15
DEBIT.
Salary of matron
$300 00
Salary of assistant matron
427 54
Salaries of nurses
1,440 27
Cooks
393 90
Janitor
515 00
Housework
201 43
Amounts carried forward .
$3,778 14
$11,184 15
.
.
.
DEBIT.
.
261
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Amounts brought forward .
$3,778 14
$11,184 15
Laundry and cleaning
353 10
Supplies
559 58
Groceries and provisions
1,574 00
Building new platform and steps
200 77
Incidentals
641 10
Total debit
$7,106 69
Balance unexpended
$4,077 46
Less amount appropriated by city of Som- erville
$1,000 00
Less amount brought forward from 1907 (unexpended) 935 00 .
Less amount received charged to Board of Health account for care of Somerville patients having settlements in Somer- ville 1,860 01
Net credit
$282 45
Health Department, Medical Inspection in the Public Schools.
CREDIT.
$1,500 00
Salaries of inspectors
$1,400 00
Printing
11 75
Total debit .
$1,411 75
Balance unexpended
$88 25
Appropriations Unexpended.
Health Department, hospital for contagious diseases .
$4,077 46
Health Department, medical inspection in public schools
88 25
Total unexpended
$4,165 71
Appropriations Overdrawn.
Health Department .
$2,380 29
Health Department, collection of ashes and
offal
748 97
Total overdrawn
$3,129 26
Balance unexpended
$1,036 45
ALLEN F. CARPENTER, Chairman, WESLEY T. LEE, M. D., ZEBEDEE E. CLIFF,
Board of Health.
Appropriation .
DEBIT.
.
3,795 01
REPORT OF THE MEDICAL INSPECTOR.
Somerville, January 10, 1909. To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith present the report of the medical inspector for the year 1908, including the statistics of the con- tagious disease hospital and the bacteriological laboratory.
Scarlet Fever. During the year 283 cases of this disease were reported in the city, a considerable decrease in number over the previous year. Every case has been inspected, before the house was fumigated, and 303 visits were made at residences to determine when desquamation was complete.
Diphtheria. During the year 278 cases of diphtheria have been reported in the city, an increase from the previous year, when 194 cases were reported. The same restrictions are placed upon all cases, and before patients are released from quarantine, two successive negative cultures must be obtained. It is optional with the attending physician to take the first culture, but the second must be taken by the medical inspector, and during the year 386 visits were made at houses for this pur- pose.
Typhoid Fever. During the year sixty-four cases of this disease were reported, a decrease of twenty-seven cases from the previous year.
Tuberculosis. One hundred and thirty-six cases of tuber- culosis were reported during the year, an increase of fifty-three over the year previous. In November, 1906, following a confer- ence with the overseers of the poor, these cases which had been previously cared for medically by the city physician were trans- ferred to the board of health and the medical inspector instructed to care for them, since which time two hundred and thirty-three visits have been made to twenty-one patients.
Contagious Disease Hospital.
In September, 1906, following a change in the city charter, the city physician, who, up to this time, had treated the cases at the hospital, was relieved of this duty, and the care of the pa- tients transferred to the medical inspector on October 1. Dur- ing 1908 this arrangement has continued, 421 visits having been made at the hospital during the year.
Scarlet Fever. During the year one hundred and four cases of scarlet fever were admitted, one of which proved fatal. Fifty of these cases were among males, and forty-four among females. Twenty-four were under five years of age, thirty-six
263
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
from five to ten years, and the remainder were oven ten years. Vomiting was a constant symptom, it occurring in fifty-nine cases, and a sore throat in seventy-one cases. In nine cases the rash occurred on the first day of the illness, in fifty-seven cases on the second day, and in seven instances on the third day. There was membrane present on the tonsils in seventy-eight cases ; in eleven cases the disease was complicated with nephritis ; in six cases with rheumatism, in seven cases with discharging ears, in thirteen with enlarged cervical glands, and in addition five had diphtheria. The average stay in the hospital was forty- one days.
Diphtheria. During the year eighty-three cases of diph- theria were admitted, seven of which proved fatal. Of these pa- tients, thirty-nine were among males, and thirty-four among females. Twenty-five were under five years of age; nineteen were from five to ten, and the remainder were over ten. Nine entered the hospital on the first day of their illness, and all re- covered. Thirty-one entered the second day of the illness, and four died; ten on the third day; six on the fourth day, with no deaths; four on the fifth day, with one death, and seven on the seventh day, with two deaths. The importance of early treat- ment with anti-toxin is thus very obvious. Of the laryngeal cases ten came to intubation, all of whom recovered. In four- teen patients the membrane extended over both tonsils, uvula and palate, seven of whom died from systemic infection involv- ing both the heart and kidneys. In forty-nine cases the cultures were positive. The throat was clear of membrane in one case on the first day, in seventeen cases on the second, in nineteen cases on the third, in seven cases on the fourth, in two cases on the fifth, and in two on the seventh. In forty patients eruptions appeared on the body due to the use of the anti-toxin, and in four patients joint pains occurred from the same cause. The average stay in the hospital of seventy-three patients was six- teen days. The dose of the anti-toxin varied from 4,000 to 48,000 units, depending upon the severity of the case, the larg- est aggregate dose being 88,000 units. Of the seven deaths during the year two died within twenty-four hours of admission and were hopeless at that time, and were complicated with nephritis.
twenty, and 150 in adults over twenty years. In six cases the age of the patient was not stated. Five hundred and twenty-four
Diphtheria. Twelve hundred and ninety-three cultures have . been examined for diphtheria, 542 being in males, and 751 in females. Diphtheria being a disease of children, 278 of these
During the year 1908, 1,293 examinations were made of cul- tures for the diphtheria organism, 173 examinations made of sputum from patients suspected of having tuberculosis, and 110 examinations to detect the Widal reaction in typhoid fever. ·
Bacteriological Department.
DISEASE.
Remaining
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Remaining
January 1, 1909.
Percentage of Fatality.
Scarlet fever .
1
2
13
18
13
3
3
6
7
12
14
104
94
1
16
1.0
Diphtheria
7
6
2
3
3
7
0
5
4
1
10
14
28
83
71
7
12
9.8
Erysipelas
.
.
1
.
.
.
..
.
.
1
14
.
.
.
Measles
. .
·
.
.
.
·
.
·
·
.
.
1
1
. . ·
.
.
Totals
14
13
A
16
21
21
3
3
10
00
17
26
42
189
167
00
28
ANNUAL REPORTS.
264
Patients Treated at the Contagious Hospital.
Admission by Months.
January 1, 1908.
Total admitted.
Cured.
Died.
examinations have been made in children under five years of age, 421 in those from five to ten years of age, 238 from ten to
1
265
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
examinations were made for the diagnosis of the case, 163 prov- ing positive, and 361 negative. Of the positive results, fifty- seven were of cases in which the attending physician's diagnosis of diphtheria was confirmed, fourteen in which the clinical diag- nosis was not diphtheria, and ninety-two in which no definite diagnosis was made. Of the 361 negative examinations, forty- eight were obtained in which the clinical diagnosis was diph- theria, ninety-six in which the diagnosis was not diphtheria, and 217 in which no diagnosis had been made.
Seven hundred and sixty-nine cultures were taken for re- lease of patients from quarantine, 136 of which were positive, and 630 negative. The importance of taking release cultures is demonstrated by these figures, these patients showing the pres- ence of the bacilli in the throat after the clinical evidence of the disease had disappeared. In three examinations there was no growth upon the serum tube.
Tuberculosis. One hundred and seventy-three examinations have been made of sputum suspected of containing the tubercle bacillus, fourteen of which were positive and 159 negative. In sixty-eight cases a definite diagnosis of this disease had been made by the attending physician, but in fifty-nine of them the organism could not be detected. In the remainder of the cases, sixty-six were stated as not showing evidence of the dis- ease, three being positive, and in forty-five cases no statements were made giving information as to its character, two of which were positive. Eighty-four were males and eighty-nine females. Although printed directions accompany each outfit, telling how the specimen should be obtained, it has not been unusual for specimens to be sent to the laboratory containing only saliva from the mouth, with no excretion from the lungs or bronchial tubes. Physicians should be urged to give definite instructions to each patient, relating to the collection of the sputum, for in some instances a negative report would mislead both physician and patient. Consumption to-day is recognized as an infectious disease, and all persons afflicted with it should be instructed in the modern methods for preventing its spread. In some cases this is not done by the attending physician, and during the past five years your board has required that this disease be reported to you, as other infectious diseases are, and that printed instruc- tions and advice be sent to each patient ill with the disease. The decrease in the death rate of consumption, and the cure of per- sons afflicted with it, is due to the improved and intelligent man- ner with which cases are treated, and the prevention of further spread of the disease is a subject which is of importance to all local boards of health.
Typhoid Fever. One hundred and ten examinations of the blood of patients suspected of having typhoid fever have been made, thirty-one of which proved positive. In forty-one cases a
266
ANNUAL REPORTS.
positive diagnosis of this disease had been made by the attending physician, in five cases it was stated not to be typhoid fever, and in the remainder no statement was made relating to the diag- nosis. Of the negative results, fourteen were diagnosed as ty- phoid, six were said not to be typhoid, and in fifty-nine no diag- nosis was made. Fifty-nine were males and fifty-one females.
Summary for Six Years, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908.
Diphtheria Cultures.
No. Examined
Males
Females
0-5
5-10
10-20
Over 20
Age not No. stated growth
1903
817
387
430
282
199
125
185
26
5
1904
1,429
629
800
537
400
231
261
34
29
190
792
346
446
204
260
139
170
19
4
1906
968
407
561
282
370
158
152
6
6
1907
971
423
548
224
346
185
210
6
3
1908
1,293
542
751
278
421
238
150
6
3
For Diagnosis Clinical Diagnosis Diph. Clin. Diag. not Diph. Clin. Diag. not stated
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
Positive Negative
1903
360
56
35
11
122
27
109
1904
406
72
37
11
96
59
131
1905
263
15
23
10
76
36
103
1906
419
55
60
14
130
47
107
1907
462
45
34
10
104
52
217
1908
524
57
48
14
96
92
217
For Release
Positive
Negative
1903
95
362
1904
233
761
1905
139
386
1906
85
464
1907
98
408
1908
136
630
Sputum for Tuberculosis.
No. Examined
Males
Females
Positive
Negative
Clin. Diag. Tuberculosis Positive Negative
1903
137
66
71
26
111
15
21
1904
124
54
70
28
96
14
29
1905
162
69
93
22
140
11
38
1906
175
95
80
9
166
7
44
1907
227
100
127
7
220
4
79
1908
173
84
89
14
159
9
59
Clinical Diagosis not Tuberculosis
Clinical Diagnosis not stated
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
1903
9
61
2
29
1904
11
43
3
24
1905
5
59
6
43
1906
1
85
1
37
1907
. ...
2
84
1
57
1908
.. . .. .
3
63
2
43
267
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Blood for Typhoid Fever.
Clin. Diag. Typhoid Fever
No. Examined Males
Females
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
1903
72
39
33
27
45
18
7
1904
76
53
23
32
44
18
4
1905
78
45
33
26
50
11
1
1906
94
57
37
24
70
14
15
1907
110
58
52
45
65
25
10
1908
110
59
51
31
79
20
14
Clin. Diag. not Typhoid Fever Clin. Diag. not stated Positive Positive
Negative
Negative
1903
2
6
7
32
1904
0
6
14
34
1905
1
5
14
44
1906
0
8
10
47
1907
0
3
20
52
1908
0
6
11
59
.
.
. .....
. . ...
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK L. MORSE, Medical Inspector.
REPORT OF INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS AND PROVISIONS.
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH, CITY HALL, Somerville, Mass., January 7, 1909.
To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith submit the report of the inspector of animals and provisions for the year 1908.
The following is a statement of the number of animals killed during the year at the five slaughtering establishments in the city :-
Swine, 1,376,225; sheep, 304,171; calves, 70,678; cattle, 29,116. The work of the four large establishments, being under the inspection of the United States government, requires only the inspection of the premises by the local inspector, who reports very favorably on the same.
Somerville is one of the largest quarantine stations for the export of animals in the United States, the number exported last year being : Cattle, 77,500; sheep, 21,526.
The total number of neat cattle kept in the city is 272; swine, 195; cows, seventy-five; goats, two, all of which have been inspected by me several times during the year.
There have been 2,289 horses examined in stables where contagious diseases were reported to exist. Sixty-three were quarantined. Of this number fifty-eight were killed and five were released.
All the blacksmith shops of the city have been disinfected and whitewashed on account of the prevalence of contagious disease among the horses.
There are sixty-five barber shops and eighty-one bakeries in the city, all of which have been frequently inspected, most of them being found in excellent condition.
There have been 2,392 visits made to stores and markets, and 873 pedlers' carts have been inspected from which fish, pro- visions, and produce were sold.
The following articles have been condemned and de- stroyed :-
Meats.
Fresh beef, 2,164 pounds; corned beef, 1,286 pounds; fowl, 2,291 pounds; Hamburg steak, 41 pounds; hams, 172 pounds; lamb and mut- ton, 711 pounds; livers, 9 whole: fresh pork, 212 pounds; salt pork, 41 pounds; swine, 7 whole; sausage, 54 pounds; shoulders, 137 pounds; pigs' feet, 3 kegs; tripe, 21 pounds; veal, 408 pounds; lard, 105 pounds.
269
HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Fish.
Codfish, 51 whole; salt fish, 2 boxes; clams, 1/2 barrel, 31/2 gal- lons; haddock, 168 whole; halibut, 74 pounds; herring, 1,192 whole; flounders, 241 whole; fresh mackerel, 227 whole; salt mackerel, 84 whole; oysters, 1/2 bushel, 4 gallons; lobsters, 11 whole; pollock, 91 whole; salmon, 93 pounds; smelts, 11 boxes; shad, 177 whole; sword- fish, 21 pounds.
Fruit and Vegetables.
Apples, 7 barrels; bananas, 28 dozen; blackberries, 27 quarts; beans, 3 bushels; green beans, 9 bushels; beets, 5 bushels; cabbage, 10 bar- rels; cantaloupes, 11 crates; cauliflower, 2 bushels; celery, 19 bunches; cucumbers, 21/2 crates; dates, 27 pounds; figs, 5 boxes; grapes, 19 baskets; greens, 9 bushels; lemons, 8 dozen; lettuce, 2 boxes; onions, 8 bushels; oranges, 11/2 boxes; green peas, 4 bushels; pineapples, 3 crates; white potatoes, 48 bushels; sweet potatoes, 14 bushels; rasp- berries, 31 cups; squash, 11 barrels; strawberries, 29 quarts; tomatoes, 2 bushels, 11 crates; turnips, 5 barrels, 2 bushels; watermelons, 9.
Miscellaneous.
Bread, 21 loaves; cake, 11 loaves; crackers, 3 barrels, 4 boxes; cereals, 486 packages; butter, 12 pounds; cheese, 20 pounds; milk, 6 cans; flour, 800 pounds; molasses, 42 gallons; pickles, 3/4 barrel, 14 gal- lons; salt, 800 pounds; sugar, 650 pounds; vinegar, 44 gallons.
I have performed other duties as required by your board.
Respectfully submitted, DR. CHARLES M. BERRY, Inspector.
REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF MILK AND VINEGAR.
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR OF MILK AND VINEGAR, 310 Broadway, Somerville, January 1, 1909.
To the Board of Health of the City of Somerville :-
Gentlemen,-I herewith submit my report for the year end- ing December 31, 1908.
During the year 945 samples of milk have been analyzed, and the average standard has been higher than for several years. Constant watch has been kept for colored milk and for preserva- tives, but none has been found.
I am firmly convinced that the inspection of the dairies has resulted in a great improvement in the conditions where the milk is produced, and would recommend that more be done along this line during the coming year. It is essential that the farmers should be cleanly and careful, for if the milk is dirty at its source, the contractors and dealers are powerless to supply pure milk. Many of the farmers have followed out the sugges- tions of the inspector, and as a rule the dealers have obeyed the regulations adopted by the board. There is opportunity for im- provement in the manner of handling the milk in stores, and I should recommend that milk be supplied to stores in bottles and sold in this way.
The following rules have been posted in stores where milk is sold :-
WARNING. I.
The use of milk cans, bottles, and all other milk vessels as contain- ers for anything except milk is prohibited by law.
II.
Milk should be kept at all times at a temperature not higher than 50° F. Milk for sale by dealers must be kept at that temperature.
III
All utensils used in the handling and selling of milk must be washed and sterilized with steam or boiling water every day they are used. (See section 6, chapter 15, Board of Health regulations.)
IV.
Thoroughly mix all milk before selling.
The microscopic examination of milk sediment has been of value in detecting dirty milk; 176 samples have been so exam- ined. The immersion refractometer, purchased late in the year,
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