USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1924 > Part 19
USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1924 > Part 19
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5,436 satin moth nests were painted with creosote.
7,361 trees were sprayed by the gasoline spraying machine to exterminate the different kinds of caterpillars and beetles. 31,576 tussock moth nests were destroyed.
$5,037.34 was expended for the Suppression of Moths.
Shade Trees
During the year there were two serious wind storms that destroyed many shade trees.
The leopard moth or borer is killing some of our shade trees and the department intends to make a fight against this pest.
46 trees were set out. 197 trees were removed.
339 trees were trimmed by request.
102 tree guards and supports installed.
$6.060.16 was expended for the Care of Trees.
Highway Construction-New Streets
Four new streets were constructed during the year un- der the Betterment Act, by contract, viz :-
Setting edgestones 75c per linear foot.
Gutter construction $3.75 per square yard.
Construction of Macadam roadway $1.50 per square yard.
One new street was constructed by City employees.
The city furnishes the edgestone and asphalt binder.
Nine new streets were accepted this year.
$36,277.81 was expended for New Streets.
306
ANNUAL REPORTS
Sidewalk Construction
The average cost of granolithic sidewalks constructed, including excavation and all materials, was $3.03 per square yard, the abuttors paying half the cost of construction.
Miles of edgestone, granolithic, brick and gravel side- walks in the city :--
Edgestones
150.553 miles
Gravel sidewalks
20.193 miles
Brick sidewalks
70.625 miles
Granolithic sidewalks
58.042 miles
$9.825.18 was expended for Sidewalks Construction.
Highway Construction-Permanent Pavement
The city has made many improvements on the main streets this year. by removing the old paving blocks on a gravel base, recutting the blocks, replacing them on a con- crete base, and grouting them with Portland cement.
The contract was awarded for the construction of Wash- ington street at $3.25 per square yard and Webster avenue at $3.15 per square yard. The Cross street contract was awarded for $3.50 per square yard; on this street the old con- crete was removed and re-cut blocks were furnished by the city, the contractor constructing a new concrete base and furnishing all other materials.
$49,934.86 was expended for Permanent Pavement.
NEW STREETS CONSTRUCTED IN 1924
Cost
Street
From
To Width
Chetwynd road
Curtis street
W. Adams street 40
$9,741 26
Dow street
Powder House Blvd. Ware street
40
3,073 58
High street
North street
Alewife Brook Pkwy. 40
7,830 37
Parkdale street
Washington street
Lewis street 40
5,623 47
Sterling street
North street
Alewife Brook Pkwy. 40
9,646 78
Above streets all constructed with Bituminous Macadam.
PERMANENT PAVEMENT, 1924
Street
From
To
Square Yards
Cost
Boston avenue
Medford line, SE'ly
Som .- Med. line
1225.
$ 3,420 21
Cross street
.Pearl street
B. & M. R. R. bridge
2247.9
11,708 19
Washington street
Charlestown line
Tufts street
5989.6
21,046 15
Webster avenue
Union square
Columbia street
3914.3
13,605 72
STREET COMMISSIONER.
307
SIDEWALKS CONSTRUCTION 1924
Street
Location
Cost
Bailey street
Side of estate 121-123 North street
$151 88
Boston avenue
In front estate No. 93-135 Inc.
1,408 47
Boston avenue
Mystic Valley Pkwy. to Medford line
899 84
Broadway
In front estate No. 287-307B Inc. .
440 78
Broadway
In front estate No. 983-995 Inc.
510 97
Broadway
Side of estate M. E. Church, Grant street .
208 86
Carter terrace
Southeasterly, Summer street to dead end
386 79
Cedar street
In front estate No. 189
134 59
Cross street east
In front estate No. 18
403 01
Heath street
Northeasterly from Bond street
286 30
Highland avenue
In front estate No. 405
132 66
Highland avenue
In front estate No. 403
187 68
Ivaloo street
In front estate No. 41-43
243 09
Mason street
In front estate No. 11-15 Inc.
422 81
Medford street
Northeasterly Walnut street to Highland avenue
1,446 90
Mossland street
Side of estate 54 Elm street .
180 98
Powder House Blvd
In front estate 233-235
163 25
Powder House Blvd.
In front estate No. 187
144 03
Summer street
In front estate No. 155-163 Inc.
635 97
Sycamore street
Side Est. No. 135 Highland ave., No. 9 Sycamore street
542 33
Teele avenue
Southwesterly Packard avenue to Estate No. 32-34
767 71
Whitfield road
In front estate No. 30 .
125 26
308
ANNUAL REPORTS
To Montrose street
RECONSTRUCTION AND RESURFACING 1924
Street
From
To
Width
Length
Cost
Boston street
Washington street
Prospect Hill avenue 45
614
$2,968 00
Cameron avenue
Holland street
Cambridge line
60
1065
7,351 59
Central street
Highland avenue
R. R. Bridge
. 40
710
2,824 33
Dane street
Somerville avenue
Washington street
. 40
1341
5,286 61
Grant street
Broadway
Mystic avenue
. 40
1405
3,135 74
Sargent avenue
Broadway
Walnut street
40
1075
4,906 44
..
The above streets were all reconstructed or resurfaced with Bituminous Macadam
STREET COMMISSIONER.
309
310
ANNUAL REPORTS
Reconstruction and Resurfacing
Six streets were reconstructed or resurfaced this year at an average cost of $1.40 per square yard by city employees. These streets were scarified by the steam roller, regraded and rerolled. After the sub-grade was ready, egg stone was spread and rolled, the voids filled with nut stone and rolled to a depth of from five to six inches, then asphalt was sprayed upon the same from a truck, pea stone was then spread and rolled, another application of asphalt and pea stone, and rolled until the whole roadway was solidly bonded. After these streets had been opened to travel for a few weeks it was swept and an application of asphalt was applied and covered with gravel for a sealing coat. If the city could continue to carry on this work each year the streets would always be in fine con- dition.
$26.472.71 was expended for Reconstruction and Resur- facing.
Miscellaneous
175 Granolithic driveways constructed.
119 Brick driveways constructed.
39 Edgestones dropped for driveways.
2 Driveways extended.
3 Driveways discontinued.
Driveways are constructed, discontinued. relocated or extended at the expense of the petitioners.
One horse was killed on account of disability.
The department maintains its own municipal repair shop for the different lines of work.
I have attended meetings of the Public Works, Mayor Webster as Chairman. Public Works Committee and the Board of Aldermen for consultation regarding work and peti- tions.
Permits
There were during 1924 :-
142 permits issued to the Cambridge and Charlestown Gas Com- panies.
111 permits issued to cross sidewalks.
575 permits issued to occupy streets and sidewalks.
13 permits issued to feed horses.
27 street sprinkling complaints and requests.
211 notifications to other departments and corporations.
77 accident reports.
913 police reports.
757 brick and granolithic sidewalks repaired.
1310 miscellaneous reports and requests.
130 drain layers permits.
311
STREET COMMISSIONER.
889 water department openings.
209 permits to open streets and sidewalks.
120 danger and traffic signs erected.
34 new signs erected.
244 signs repainted.
141 streets cleaned by request.
5249 cubic yards of sand and gravel used.
4231 cubic yards of dirt removed.
778 cubic yards of ashes used.
1309 cubic yards of old macadam used.
3977 bags of Portland cement used.
14 cubic yards loam used.
Recommendations
I most respectfully recommend that the work of recut- ting the granite paving blocks be completed on Somerville avenue from Park street and Granite street to Wilson square; Broadway from Teele square to the Arlington line be re- constructed with a bituminous mixed top, using the old con- crete base; On Prospect street from the Fitchburg railroad bridge to the Cambridge line the tar top should be stripped off the concrete base and recut granite paving blocks should be laid on the old base, grouted with Portland cement.
I would be lax if I did not recommend again, a new fire proof garage.
I wish to extend my sincere thanks to all for their sup- port and hearty co-operation.
Respectfully submitted, ASA B. PRICHARD, Street Commissioner.
312
ANNUAL REPORTS
REPORT OF THE CITY ENGINEER
OFFICE OF THE CITY ENGINEER,
CITY HALL, SOMERVILLE, JANUARY 21, 1925.
To His Honor. the Mayor, and the Board of Aldermen :-
Gentlemen,-In accordance with the city ordinances, the following report of the work done and expense incurred for the year ending December 31. 1924, by the Engineering De- partment and appropriations under my charge and supervi- sion, including the accounts of city engineer, sewers construc- tion, sewers maintenance, parks maintenance, playgrounds maintenance, and other public works, is herewith presented :- the 52nd annual report-my twenty-ninth report as city engi- neer.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
In previous reports the general work, charter require- ments and city ordinances relating to the duties of the city engineer have been fully described-he shall be consulted in relation to public improvements of every kind when the advice of a civil engineer would be of service. City Engineer is also Supt. of Sewers and Supt. of Parks and grounds.
Divisions
Appropriations and Credits
Expenditures $13,174 23
Balances.
City Engineer
$13,370 00
$ 195 77
Parks Maintenance
13,950 00
$2,195 00
16,144 19
81
Playgrounds Maint.
7,050 00
83 63
7,133 23
40
Pk. and Playgrd. Imp.
5,000 00
4,996 05
3 95
Sewers Maintenance
25,000 00
167 52
*25,167 53
12 21
Sewers Construction . 11,301 85
193 99
7,478 96
3,446 90
Stock Account
315 00
884 98
* $500.00 transferred to Parks Maintenance.
(Expenditures in the various divisions are shown in de- tail in the City Auditor's annual report.)
313
CITY ENGINEER.
CITY ENGINEER DIVISION, CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDI- TURES, 1924
Sewers and Storm Drains,-comprising surveys, estimates, profiles, lines, grades, titles, plans, assessments, all engineering work relating to same and supervision $1,177 08 Highways,-comprising plans, estimates, titles, profiles, lines and grades, inspection of paving and all other engineering work relating to the department . 1,087 08
Sidewalks,-comprising profiles, lines, grades, measure- ments, inspection, titles, costs and assessments . 310 88.
Water Works,-comprising lines, grades, locations of mains, gates, hydrants, services for buildings, and other matters relating to the department . 362 37
Parks and Playgrounds,-comprising surveys, plans, esti- mates, profiles, and grades, including laying out of parks, playgrounds, boulevard and supervision . 509 68
Public Buildings,-comprising surveys, estimates, lines and grades, and other work relating to construction and laying out of grounds . 216 96
Street Numbering,-comprising locations of buildings, plans, assigning street numbers, etc. 375 16 .
Street Lines and Grades,-comprising establishing of lines, grades, and miscellaneous data given parties for building and grading 363 05
Bridges and Grade Crossings,-comprising surveys, plans, profiles, estimates, lines and grades, etc. 39 00
City Survey,-comprising establishing of streets lines, acceptance plans, and miscellaneous survey work for city map, etc. . 884 92
Middlesex Registry and Land Court,-comprising copying of plans, and abstracts from deeds and examination of titles filed at East Cambridge, also tracing of street acceptance and sewer taking plans, filed for record . 147 55 Private Corporations, Railway, Telephone, Electric Light and Gas Light Companies,-comprising grades, plans, profiles and office notes, locations of poles and conduits 126 16 Setting Stone Bounds and Brass Rods,-defining street lines and city boundary lines 21 42
Office Work,-comprising record of all locations, indexing, typewriting, bookkeeping, calculations, reports, and general draughting .
1,365 59
Miscellaneous Work,-comprising designs, sketches, etc., relating to various schemes for committees 70 67
Holidays, Vacations and Sickness 783 36.
National Guard Duty 75 83
Engineering,-General Departmental expenses (all divi- sions) comprising city engineer's salary, auto, tele- phone, car fares, and supplies
5,257 47
Total
$13,174 23
Value of field instruments, tools and office instruments, $1,500.00.
314
ANNUAL REPORTS
A number of plans were made during the year for street acceptance and nine streets have been accepted as public high- ways under the betterment act.
There are plans for acceptance of nine private streets on file in this office, that for various reasons have not been made public ways.
Surveys, calculations, estimates and plans have been made for taking land. buildings and private property for vari- ous purposes in certain sections of the city.
A new city map, 600 feet to an inch, has been made show- ing streets, elevations above mean low water, etc .. and 1000 copies made for general distribution ; and a map showing pro- posed new Ward line has been made.
A plan has been made showing a proposed widening of Cross Street (East. )
The continuation of the improvement of Cross Street (be- tween Pearl Street and Tufts Street) has been accomplished by widening the roadway and narrowing the sidewalks eight- een inches on either side of the street, placing overhead service wires in underground conduits and removing old poles from the street.
Some of the old main thoroughfares should be renum- bered their entire length. so as to eliminate half numbers and letters now being used: also certain streets, continuing in bordering cities, where numbers conflict.
-
STREETS ACCEPTED AS PUBLIC HIGHWAYS IN 1924, UNDER THE BETTERMENT ACT
Name of Street Ward
From
To
Width in ft.
Length in ft.
Date of Acceptance
Cady Avenue
.
7 Simpson Avenue
. Corinthian Road
40
158.1
Dec. 11, 1924
Corinthian Road
Broadway
. Cady Avenue
40
560.3
Dec. 11, 1924
East Albion Street
5 Moreland Street
. Fremont Street
31
284.9
Dec. 29. 1924
Fairfax Street
7 North Street .
. Alewife Brook Pkwy.
40
933.0
Dec. 11, 1924
Fremont Street
5 East Albion Street
. Northerly
40
182.8
Dec.
29, 1924
Sunset Road
.
7 Curtis Street .
. Hillsdale Road
40
656.2
Dec. 11, 1924
Watson Street .
.
7 Broadway
. Fairmount Avenue
40
236.5
Dec.
11, 1924
Woods Avenue
.
7 North Street
. Alewife Brook Pkwy.
40
1,148.7
Dec. 11, 1924
Thorndike Street
.
7 Underpass B. & M. R. R. .
20
88.0
Dec.
29, 1924
.
Total
(0.804 mile)
4,248.5
CITY ENGINEER.
315
.
.
.
.
.
.
316
ANNUAL REPORTS
Summary .- Public streets 87.16 miles (includes 1.406 miles of City Boulevard and Park Roadways,-2.331 miles of State Boulevard .- 1.596 miles State Highway) ; private streets 14.43 miles.
Total length of streets in the city 101.59 miles.
In the 1910 report. tables were published showing old names of certain streets as formerly known, and names of pub- lic Squares in the city : the names of some of these Squares have been changed recently. and new Squares added.
Length of Public Streets in Each Ward
Miles
Ward one
10.824
Ward two
9.912
Ward three
7.630
Ward four
10.026
Ward five
12.628
Ward six
13.795
Ward seven
22.346
Total length of public street in the city
87.161
Street "Markers"-(Stone Bounds) (Brass rods set in cement sidewalks. )
There are at the present time a total of 662 bounds or brass rods set for defining street lines, and this work should be continued as much as possible each year. These bounds are of great convenience in establishing permanent "Bench Marks" throughout the city for giving grades.
Previous reports will show location of all street bounds set.
Five new streets have been constructed, under the better- ment act, with a bituminous macadam wearing surface, con- crete gutters and granite edgestone, a total of 3.104 feet (0.589 mile.)
The average cost of this type of construction complete, for 40 ft. width streets, was $11.58 per linear foot.
Assessments have been levied on abutting property own- ers for approximately one-half of the cost of constructing these streets.
Re-cut granite block pavement has been laid on a con- crete base with a cement grout in sections of Washington Street, Webster Avenue. and Cross Street ; 12,152 square yards (4,187 feet in length) of this type of pavement were con- structed by contract.
A section of Boston Avenue was reconstructed, laying Simpson Bros.' asphaltic wearing surface, a length of 960 feet (1,225 sq. yds.)-in conjunction with all this paving the street railway company also relaid approximately 5,200 square yards re-cut granite paving between rails where tracks existed.
317
CITY ENGINEER.
The total length of permanent paved streets in the city amounts to 18.74 miles.
Permanent street pavement should be extended as rapidly as possible, using old granite blocks, re-cut and laid on a con- crete base-the best and most economical pavement for this city.
Grades were given and measurements taken for the recon- struction of six streets with a bituminous wearing surface, a length of 6,213 feet.
In constructing the granite pavement, new bituminous streets and granolithic sidewalks, 7,264.7 feet (1.376 mile) of new edgestone were set.
TABLE OF STREET CONSTRUCTION
Miles
*Streets paved with granite blocks .
Square Yards 161,500
7.23
** Streets paved with concrete .
22,889
1.34
+Streets paved with asphaltic top
29,666
1.71
Streets paved with vitrified brick
20,958
1,29
Streets paved with "Bi-co-mac"
10,100
0.77
Streets paved with bitulithic (patent)
12,234
0.82
Combination pavement (concrete base bituminous top) with
82,877
5.58
#Streets macadamized (bituminous binder)
46.16
Streets macadamized (water bound)
21.25
Streets graveled or unimproved
15.44
Total
101.59
*Also 32.5 miles (single track) electric railway paved with granite, asphalt, bitulithic, etc.
** Includes 0.42 mile state highway.
+Includes 1.16 miles of state highway.
#Includes 1.406 miles of city boulevard and park roadways and 2.331 miles of state boulevard (Metropolitan District Commission, Park Division. )
There are a number of crossings in this city at intersect- ing public thoroughfares, where the corners should be cut back and the roadway widened for the safety of traffic and improve- ment in appearance.
Lines and grades were given and measurements taken for constructing twenty new granolithic sidewalks-3,476 square vards (0.658 mile) and assessments were computed, the abut- ting property owners paying one-half the cost on nineteen side- walks, the remainder the entire cost. The greater part of this work was done at an average cost of $3.03 per square yard.
In laying out new work, under orders passed for con- struction of sidewalks, etc., occasionally portions of buildings and fences are found to be encroaching on the sidewalk and on some of the old rangeways these encroachments have ex-
318
ANNUAL REPORTS
isted for many years; as improvements are made, the full width of sidewalk should be maintained.
In sections of the city where brick sidewalks have been laid many years, and must necessarily be relaid on account of deterioration and unevenness, granolithic should be sub- stituted in place of brick.
Miles of Edgestone, Granolithic, Gravel and Brick Sidewalks in Each Ward
Ward one
Edgestone 20.174
Gravel Sidewalk 3.463
Brick Sidewalk 11.898
Granolithic Sidewalk
5.105
Ward two
17.340
6.034
6.386
4.240
Ward three
14.325
0.906
11.545
1.968
Ward four
15.435
1.018
9.696
4.527
Ward five
22.716
4.307
12.155
6.148
Ward six
25.432
3.709
10.613
11.724
Ward seven
35.131
0.756
8.332
24.330
150.553
20.193
70.625
58.042
( Details, etc., streets and sidewalks in report of Street Commissioner. )
Plans have been made by the various companies and filed in the city engineer's office, showing the locations of gas mains. poles, tracks and conduits in this city, which have been granted by the board of aldermen during the year :- the work of plac- ing overhead wire in conduits, underground, and removing poles from the streets should be extended as rapidly as pos- sible.
In the city's squares overhead wires should be placed un- derground. immediately, and practically all poles (except for lights) removed-on the main thoroughfares many of the ex- isting poles should be eliminated, at the present time, being unnecessary.
A special ordinance should be enacted concerning city inspection on all underground work done by private companies or corporations and regulation as to method of street open- ings.
At the present time there are underground in the city's streets 19.43 miles of telephone conduits, 15.01 miles of elec- tric light conduits, 4.46 miles of electric railway conduits, and about 11.37 miles of underground conduits used for the city's wires.
The Cambridge and Charlestown gas companies have re- spectively 65.88 and 28.27 miles of gas mains in the city's streets.
For the immediate improvement of conditions in this city the highway bridges and approaches over the steam rail- roads should be rebuilt the full width of the street at Broad-
TABULAR STATEMENT OF SEWERS AND STORM DRAINS BUILT IN 1924
ITEMS OF CONSTRUCTION AND COST
SEWER
SUB-DRAIN
ROCK EXCAVATION
MANHOLES
COST PER LINEAR FOOT
Name of Street
From
To
Contractor
Material Excavated
Average Cut
Sizes in inches
Size in inches
Length in
Cubic vards
Price per yard
Numher
Average Cost
Number of Inlets
Sewer
or
Storm
Drain
Sub-Drain
Pipe, Cement. etc.
Engineering
Inspection
Average Cost
Total Cost
Assessment
Cost to City
Irvington Road Sewer
Mystic Valley Parkway
Easterly
James H. Fannon
Clay -Hard Pan
6'-6"
-
96,5
7.5
$5.85
2 Combi. nation
$118.30
$1.75
$0.25
$0.39
$0.05
$2.75
$1,320.71
$1,318.75
$1.96
Irvington Road Storm Drain
Mystic Valley Parkway
Easterly
James H. Fannon
Clay - Hard Pan
5'-6"
S
453.5
22
0,25
0.31
0,03
0.78
352.63
352.63
Boston Avenue Sewer
Kidder Avenue
Near Prichard Avenue
James H. Fannon
Filling and Clay
S
4
160.5
2.4
5.85
3
78.93
19 10
2.25 2.0
0,25
0.50
0.07
0.03
3.43
1684.62
1.667.00
17.62
Perry Street Sewer
End Sewer Built 1889
End of Street
City - Day Labor
Sand and Marl
4'.4"
S
255.5
77.14
7
1.08
0.38
0.03
1.77
453.15
429.00
24.15
1681.9 (0.319 Miles) Sewers and Storm Drains
$3,811.11
$3,414.75
$396.36
Total length of public sewers in the city Jan. 1st. 1925 508,342.3 feet = 96.277 miles
Total length of private sewers in the city Jan. 1st, 1925 . 34,896.0 feet =: 6.609 miles
Total length of sewers in the city Jan. 1st, 1925 Total length of storm drains in the city Jan. 1st, 1925
543,238.3 feet = 102.SS6 miles (33.516 miles separate system sewers)
Total length of the city drainage system Jan. 1st, 1925
610,690.4 feet = 115.661 miles
Total length of Metropolitan sewerage system mains in the city
3.475 miles
.
Excavation Pipelaying and Refilling
including
Sub-Drain
and
Lumber
per Linear Foot
10
29,2 452.0
Length in
feet
feet
3
23
See Sewer
See Sewer
10
299.7 192.0
67,452.1 feet = 12.775 miles
LOCATION
319
CITY ENGINEER.
way, (North Somerville) Prospect Street and Washington Street, near Union Square; and the steam railroad bridge over Washington Street (East Somerville) reconstructed with increased head-room for street traffic,-the dangerous railroad grade crossing at Park Street should be abolished, as decreed by the courts a number of years ago.
I respectfully refer to some of the more important recom- mendations and suggestions made in reports of the city engi- neer for a number of years past, which are for the improvement of conditions in this city.
SEWER DIVISION
The designing and constructing of sewers, storm drains, catch basins, house drains, etc.,-maintenance of the drainage- system and other items in this division are under the direc -- tion, supervision and control of the city engineer.
Sewers were petitioned for and constructed during the vear in newly laid out streets, where real estate owners com- menced extensive building operations.
CONSTRUCTION ACCOUNT, STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES,
1924
Labor (city dept. )
$1,450 26
Labor (contract )
2,538 55
Teaming
376 64
Materials and Supplies
3.683 49
Total Expendture $8.048 94
Materials from Stock (1923)
315 00
$8,363.94
CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURES
Constructing sewers (separate system)
$1.773 86
Constructing sewers (combined system )
1.684 62
Constructing storm drains .
860 16
Constructing catch basins .
2,416 88
Constructing new manholes on old sewers
549 45
Cost of new work
$7,284 97
Materials for other depts. .
193 99
Materials on hand December 31, 1924 .
884 98
Total
$8,363 94
CREDIT
Appropriation
$7,900 00
Balance unexpended, 1923
3,401 85
Received from other depts.
193 99
Materials on hand January 1, 1924
315 00
Total
$11,810 84
Balance unexpended (over to 1925)
$3,446 90
320
ANNUAL REPORTS
Three new sewers were constructed during the year and also storm drains ; a length of 1682 feet (0.32 of a mile) of 10" and 8" pipe, part of the work being done by department labor, the remainder by contract. (See attached tabular statement for 1924, showing itemized account of work.)
The total length of the city's drainage system is 115.661 miles, and the entire cost of construction including catch basins has amounted to about $1,389,305.00 exclusive of the amount paid to the state for assessments for the construction of the North Metropolitan sewerage system.
The assessments for the Metropolitan sewerage system for the year, 1924, amounted to $102.039.97. being the city's proportional cost, and the total paid the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for this state sewer amounts to $1,916,225.03 (1892-1924. both years inclusive.) The total length of the Metropolitan sewerage system mains running through the city is 3.475 miles.
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