Report of the city of Somerville 1939, Part 8

Author: Somerville (Mass.)
Publication date: 1939
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 434


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Somerville > Report of the city of Somerville 1939 > Part 8


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Membership


Change


1939


16654


-104


1938


16758


-170


1937


16928


22


1936


16950


+


2


1935


16948


63


1934


16885


· 30


1933


16915


+344


1932


16571


+400


1931


16171


+149


1930


16022


+4310


1912


11712


The membership of our elementary schools has been grad- ually but consistently decreasing over a period of years due to the diminishing birth rate of the city coupled with the decrease in population of the city, as shown by the following table :


December


Membership


Change


1939


8919


-122


1938


9041


-199


1937


9244


. 54


1936


9294


16


1935


9310


- 12


1934


9322


- 34


1933


9356


The Junior High membership, while showing decreases over the period of the last five years, should be considered to be standing practically constant, for the decreases are due to transfers of some pupils to the recently established Junior Vocational School and to the fluctuation of numbers of births during successive years.


The High School statistics, however, show that there is still being maintained an increase, even though the increases in recent years are not so large as in previous years. This year's increase was 29 compared with increases in the preced- ing years of 72, 65, 237, 160, 281, and 272. These increases are of course due to the retentive power of the High School and the popularity of the better advantages offered for vocational education.


Since the cost of high school instruction, equipment, and materials is greater than the cost of the necessities for the other units of our conventional schools, under the existing condi-


131


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


tions of increased membership it would be natural for the operating expenses of the schools to tend to increase, regard- less of the reduced numbers in the elementary grades. There- fore it is considerable of an achievement to report a decrease in per capita cost of the High School unit.


CHANGES IN PERSONNEL


It is regrettable that each year brings to a close the active teaching of a number of very capable, efficient, and devoted teachers. Others who have performed their duties faithfully and well find a greater interest in the marital status. During the year just closing twenty-three have severed their connec- tions with the service but have left behind them an influence for good that will live for years to come.


Of the twenty-three, three passed on, two resigned because of ill health, ten left to be married, seven retired under the provisions of the Teachers' Retirement Act, and one took up similar teaching duties in another community:


The terms of loyal, faithful, and devoted services of some should be called to public attention : Gertrude W. Leighton served forty-four years : Harriet E. Tuell and Charlotte Holmes forty years ; Mary G. Blackwell and Edith M. Snell thirty-nine years ; Helen L. Galvin thirty-six years ; Grace Gatchell thirty- three years : Sarah Murphy thirty-two years and six months ; and Ada Macdonald twenty-five years and three months.


Two who were employed in other capacities than teachers with notable terms of service were Mabell M. Ham, who served thirty-three years and four months in the High School office, and Benjamin R. Jones, Supervisor of Attendance, who gave twenty-eight years and five months in the service of the city.


Table 21 of this report shows that fifteen persons were elected to permanent positions during the year, but this does not indicate that these fifteen were entering the service for the first time. Thirteen had been employed regularly for some time by appointment as substitutes or by assignment for long periods in more or less temporary capacity. Consequently, the number of persons added to the teaching personnel during the year was only two. while twenty-three left the service.


Two vacancies in the clerical force caused by the retire- ment of Mabell M. Ham and the resignation of Anita Mac-


132


ANNUAL REPORTS


Donald have been filled from Civil Service certifications by the employment of Mary Wedge and Mabel F. Kelley.


Due to the retirement of Benjamin R. Jones, Supervisor of Attendance for over twenty-eight years, and on account of the length of time necessary for the establishment of an eligible list by the Division of Civil Service, the attendance work was without a supervisor from March 23 until November 15th. James G. Hourihan, who was first on the Civil Service list, entered the service on November 15. He has brought to the position a broad experience in investigation, management, and administration of delinquency, coupled with tact and a fine personality. Through his friendly spirit and a genuine inter- est in the welfare of the children with tendencies toward delin- quency, he will endeavor to improve our already good record of attendance.


While this section has been devoted mostly to changes in personnel in the instructional force. I would be particularly remiss in my duty should I neglect to note with serious regret, not only personal, but on behalf of the whole community, the termination of the long, continuous term of service, sixteen years, of Dr. Edwin A. Shaw as a member of the School Com- mittee. His broad experience as an educator, his genial, kindly, and gracious personality, and his intense interest in all affairs pertaining to the welfare of the children and to the interests of the taxpayer have proved him to be a gentleman, a scholar, and an outstanding member of the School Committee. His thorough understanding of the problems, his forward looking thoughts, and his ability to probe deeply into educational policies and new undertakings have caused him to be an out- standing adviser and guide, and his presence at meetings will be keenly missed.


James C. Scanlan, elected to fill the last year of the un- expired term of Edward M. McCarty, was not new to the prob- lems of the position, since he had previously served as a mem- ber for six years. His work on the Committee seemed to start in where he left it, but on account of his broadened experience as a State Senator his services were even more valuable than during his previous service.


Lawrence J. Donovan and Charles A. Campbell, while not in service as long as the other two men, gave good accounts of


133


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


their stewardships during their terms of four and six years respectively.


It is unfortunate that the youth of our city and the citizens must be deprived of such fine outstanding teachers and mem- bers of the legislative body controlling our school system.


SALARIES


In the report for 1938 the Superintendent recounted the facts with relation to the salaries of the teachers from the beginning of the depression up to the close of last year, and recommended that the promotional feature of the High School salary schedule, inoperative since 1928, be again made opera- tive. At the beginning of 1939, the School Committee, during its long deliberations over the preparation of its budget, gave serious thought to the matter. As a result it was voted that in accordance with the recommendation of the Superintendent of Schools the promotional feature of the High School salary schedule be restored in principle for the year 1939. In conse- quence of this action, forty teachers were awarded increases of $50 each, with the understanding that further steps toward making the promotional feature fully operative would be con- sidered in preparing the budget for 1940.


RECOMMENDATIONS


In presenting this report, an attempt has been made to bring to light some outstanding accomplishments of the year 1939 and to focus attention upon some matters which should be given serious consideration in the near future.


It is recommended, therefore, that :


(1) Ways and means be developed to change the City Charter so that the control and main- tenance of school buildings will be placed under the juris liction of the School Commit- tee, as is the practice in most other cities and towns of the Commonwealth.


(2) The Mayor and City Auditor be respectfully requested to set up new accounts in the bud- gets of other departments, particularly the Public Buildings Department and the Recrea- tional Department, so that the cost of the activities not having to do with the school-


13


ANNUAL REPORTS


ing of the children will be charged to the proper activity.


(3) The building program, partially recognized this year by some work at the Northeastern Junior High School, be kept in mind to the end that serious attention will be given to the needs for additional accommodations to that building, and replacement of the Prescott building.


(4) Continued attention be given to the further restoration of the promotional feature of the salary schedule for High School teachers, which received partial recognition last Jan- uary.


(5) Further study be given to the development of the plan for furthering the possibilities for research and guidance, which has been grad- ually taking form since first presented by the Superintendent for discussion as early as 1930.


CONCLUSION


In concluding this, my twelfth annual report as Superin- tendent of Schools, it is extremely gratifying and pleasurable to express my personal appreciation to the School Committee, and on behalf of the citizens of Somerville and the pupils in the schools to commend it highly for its exceptionally fine attitude and devoted service, by lengthy and wise deliberation, to the problems of the schools. This earnest application to the work has resulted in making it possible to report a year of progress coupled with effective and substantial economies.


In attaining these results we are indebted to a great degree to the wise, able, and outstanding leadership of the Chairman of the School Committee, William J. Koen, who brought to his position as Chairman a valuable knowledge of school problems, and who conducted his duties with an impartial and untiring devotion which will cause his administration to be a goal towards which future School Committees should aim.


135


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


For the unqualified loyalty and energetic efforts given to their tasks by the teachers, supervisors, and principals, the Superintendent gives his heartfelt appreciation.


The Superintendent pledges his utmost effort to secure con- tinued progress in the work of the schools and expresses the hope for greater attainment during 1940.


136


ANNUAL REPORTS


SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL Number of Pupils by Subjects December, 1939


English


3545


Oral English


1649


Physical Education


2417


United States History


1045


English History


125


Modern European History


566


Early European History


282


Ancient History


245


Economics and Civic Problems


211


Elementary Economics


30


Latin


539


Greek


......


French


850


Spanish


231


Italian


165


German


54


Chemistry


569


Physics


175


Physiology


245


Biology


879


Astronomy and Geology


10


Trigonometry


68


Geometry


486


Algebra


599


Mathematics


441


Secretarial Training


67


Transcription


67


Stenography


366


Typewriting


1438


Bookkeeping


559


Arithmetic


251


Clerical Practice


1046


Office Machines


76


Business Organization


458


Business Science


186


Salesmanship


226


Commercial Law


597


Commerce and Industry


874


Household Arts


284


Freehand Drawing


373


Arts and Crafts


93


Mechanical Drawing


369


Manual Training


127


Musical Theory


192


Musical Appreciation


386


Choral Practice


746


Student Activities


December, 1939


Orchestra


61


Band 85


137


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


Girls' Bugle and Drum Corps


100


Girls' Glee Clubs (2)


110


Boys' Glee Club


39


Student Council


34


School Paper


31


National Honor Society


22


Traffic Squad


80


Webster Debating Society


47


Portia Debating Society


48


Writers' Club


15


Players' Club


65


Stamp Club


15


Photographic Club


12


International Friendship Club


15


Aviation Club


42


Girls' Athletics


400


Boys' Athletics


548


SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL


Students entering Higher Institutions in September, 1939


State Teachers Colleges


23


Fitchburg


1


Hyannis


1


Lowell


2


Massachusetts School of Art


5


Salem


14


Colleges


74


Boston College


11


Business Administration


3


Liberal Arts


8


Boston University


10


College Business Administration


3


College Liberal Arts


1


School of Music


3


College of Practical Arts


3


Cambridge School of Liberal Arts


3


Columbia


1


Emmanuel


2


Harvard


2


Jackson


6


University of Maine


1


Massachusetts College of Pharmacy


2


Massachusetts State College


2


Massachusetts Institute of Technology


3


Nassau Junior College


1


University of New Hampshire


1


Northeastern University


9


College of Engineering


8


College of Business Administration Springfield College


1


1


Simmons


3


Tufts


16


Liberal Arts


8


Engineering School


8


138


ANNUAL REPORTS


Other Institutions


47


Bentley


5


Evening


4


Day


1


Mary Brooks School


3


Burdett


7


Chandler Secretarial School


1


Colby Junior College


1


Emerson


1


Fisher Business School


26


Lesley School


1


New England Conservatory of Music


1


Wheelock School


1


Summary


State Teachers Colleges


23


Colleges and Universities


74


Other Institutions


47


144


SOMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC COMMITTEE


Report of the Treasurer, January 1, 1939 to January 1, 1940


Receipts


Balance in treasury January 1, 1939


$1,179.40


Basketball games


1,431.95


Baseball games


157.70


Football games


10,815.41


Hockey


20.63


Miscellaneous


42.10


$13,647.19


Expenditures


Athletic supplies


$4,018.04


Medical supplies


172.40


Paid visiting teams


2,979.17


Officials


578.00


Policing


1,445.00


Assistance at games


556.00


Postage


4.25


Printing


104.28


Telephone


8.95


Transportation


719.55


Dues to A. A.


4.00


Entry fees


21.50


Faculty Manager's Bonus


200.00


Physician's salary


200.00


Floodlights


200.00


Coaching, baseball


100.00


Orchestra, basketball games


122.00


Girls' Athletic Association


100.00


Banquet


136.00


Miscellaneous


359.20


$12,028.34


$1,618.85


Balance in treasury January 1, 1940


139


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


SOMERVILLE TEACHERS' CLUB Officers, .1939 - 1940


President, ELEANOR D. CAMPBELL .


SMARY ROONEY Vice-Presidents MRS. DOROTHY HUDDY Recording Secretary, ESTHER M. DOOLIN Corresponding Secretary, PHILOMENA LOMBARDI Treasurer, E. BELLA WEISMAN Auditor, JULIA CONNOR


OBJECT


The object shall be to secure a close union among the women teachers in Somerville : to promote the spirit of mutual helpfulness; to advance professional interests; to create a deeper sense of the dignity of the profession ; to unite the inter- est of the home and school.


PROGRAM


October 10-Dinner. Speaker: Ray Kierman, Boston Traveller. "News in the Making."


November 2-Dinner Dance. Copley-Plaza Hotel.


December 15-Reader: Marjorie Sheperd.


April 6-Bridge and Fashion Show.


April 17-Pictures on Canadian Northwest.


May 8-Annual Meeting. Election of Officers. Reports of Committees.


140


ANNUAL REPORTS


In Memoriam


SARAH E. MURPHY Perry School Died August 3, 1939


LORETTA MORLEY High School Died September 12, 1939


ADA G. MACDONALD


Southern Junior High School


Died December 1, 1939


HELEN L. GALVIN Northeastern Junior High School


Died December 18, 1939


141


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


CONTENTS OF APPENDIX


SUMMARY OF STATISTICS


Population and school census. School buildings.


Teachers.


Attendance for year.


Cost of school maintenance.


Teachers' salaries.


MISCELLANEOUS TABLES


CONCERNING FINANCE


No. of Table


1. Schedule of school property.


2. Cost of maintaining schools, school year 1938-1939.


3. Cost per capita of maintaining schools, school year 1938-1939.


4. Cost of maintaining schools for a series of years.


5. Cost per capita for maintaining schools for a series of years.


6. Amount spent annually for new school buildings and for re- pairs for a series of years.


CONCERNING PUPILS


7. Population and school registration.


8. Attendance, etc., of the schools for school year 1938-1939.


9. Statistics of the high school for school year 1938-1939.


10. Pupils by grade, June, 1939.


11. Separate statistics for high, junior high, elementary and voca- tional schools, for school year 1938-1939.


12.


Admission to first grade in September, 1939.


13. Number of junior high school graduates, 1939.


14. Truant statistics for a series of years.


15 Evening school statistics, 1938-1939.


16. Elementary school promotees for a series of years.


17 Attendance statistics of all schools for a series of years.


18. Statistics of the high school for a series of years.


19. Promotions, junior high schools, 1939.


19a. Promotions, elementary schools, 1939.


CONCERNING TEACHERS


20 Resignations of teachers, 1939.


21. Teachers elected in 1939.


22. Leave of absence of teachers.


23. Transfers of teachers.


24. Number of teachers employed for a series of years.


142


ANNUAL REPORTS


STATISTICAL AND GENERAL TABLES


25. Changes in text books, 1939.


26. High and Junior High School graduation exercises, 1939.


26a. Evening High School graduation exercises, 1939.


27. Vocational School graduation exercises, 1939.


28. Organization of school board for 1940.


29. Teachers in service, December, 1939.


30. Officers in service, December, 1939.


31. School custodians.


SUMMARY OF STATISTICS


1 - POPULATION AND SCHOOL CENSUS


Population, State census, 1895


52,200


Population, United States census, 1900


61,643


Population, State census, 1905


69,272


Population, United States census, 1910


77,236


Population, State census, 1915


86,854


Population, United States census, 1920


93,033


Population, State census, 1925


99,032


Population, United States census, 1930


103,604


Population, State census, 1935


100,773


Children between five and fifteen years of age inclusive,


18,134


2 - SCHOOL BUILDINGS


Number of school buildings in June


31


Number of classrooms in use in June


527


Valuation of school property


$4,869,800


3 - TEACHERS


*1938


*1939


Change


In high school


133


127


-6


In junior high schools


178


173


-5


In elementary schools


239


234


-5


In kindergartens


30


29


-1


Total, elementary and kindergarten


269


263


-6


Vocational School for Boys


19


21


+2


Independent Household Arts


1


1


0


Atypical classes


8


0


12


Sight saving


1


1


0


Cadet teachers


10


4


-6


Special


20


22


+2


Continuation


3


5


+2


Americanization


1


1


0


Total


643


628


-15


4 - ATTENDANCE FOR YEAR


*1938


*1939


Change


Entire enrollment for the year


17,762


17,559


-203


Average number belonging


16,623


16,307


-316


Average number attending


15,551


15,093


-458


Per cent. of daily attendance


93.6


92.6


-1.0


High school graduates


919


933


+14


Junior High School graduates


1,254


1,220


-34


October, 1938 by school census


STATEMENT OF WORK OF SCHOOL NURSES For School Year Ending June 30, 1939


PUPILS ESCORTED TO CLINICS


Oper-


ations


Conta- gion found in


* Home Visits


Hy- giene Talks


Home


-


September ..


127


10199


957


534


29


266


1532


81


99


13


1


128


56


39


12


31


14


1


25


19


2


922


13


October


148


12231


2290


736


35


110


786


208


516


66


157


Co 3


17


12


2


17


7


118


109


2


3


3


14


1


25


9


1067


4


November ..


153


11034


4050


637


16


113


1597


113


738


72


5


1


3


9


10


4


1.


7


7


24


5


27


6


1424


6


December ..


138


9054


3370


586


15


113


676


171


57


518


27


5


93


2


6


4


3


1


1


12


1


20


5


688


6


January


162


10132


2079


640


25


148


333


796


49


31


61


4


20


11


5


7


2


2


48


2


5€


9


1038


1.2


February ...


125


9192


1777


568


19


113


1018


573


67


804


13


193


10


2


32


10


4


6


2


2


35


3


36


2


935


15


March


173


11388


2564


804


16


144


927


755


50


1142


4


11


1


41


25


4


3


10


10


33


2


43


27


1513


14


April


149


9730


2998


734


19


1042


132


92


817


85


9


1


1


2


10


8


2


6


2


2


23


1


35


6


520


17


May


131


7259


2520


579


8


139


72


8


485


2


59


3


13


3


14


22


2


176


10


June ..


158


6849


1706


745


14


597


386


2


373


51


1


12


2


1


11


1


3


10


24


8


127


8


Total ... 1464


97068


24311


6563


196


1885


8369


2622


727 6149


142


52


2


1


252


56


61


. 4


171


77


149 125


14


38


1 27


27


238


15


307


76


8410


105


· Treated by family physician or dentist.


New: Seen first time during school year. Old: Cases followed up


18,562 Children weighed and measured. 10,6:7 Physical Examinations made. 21 Class Talks in Hygiene given.


DATE


School


seen


Notice sent to


Consultation with


Consultation with


Treatment in School


Dental


Pedic- ulosis


Un- clean


Eye


Ear


Nose and Throat


*Med- ical


Sur- gical


Skin


Dental


Corrected Vision


Corrected Hearing


Tonsils


Adenoids


School


Home


New


Old


School


Old


New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


New


Old


Optician


New


Old


New


New


Old


New


Old


New


...


...


...


...


Total No. of Pupils


Guardian


Teachers


Med. Inspector


INSPECTIONS


820


...


...


...


...


...


...


.


142


195


18


657


1


1- 102


8


1


1


143


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


5 - COST OF SCHOOL MAINTENANCE


*1938


*1939


Change


Salaries of teachers


$1,295,719.88 $1,296,988.48


+$1,268.60


Salaries of officers


33,364.32


32,433.05


-931.27


Cost of books and supplies


53,473.20


48,963.32


-4,509.88


Cost of light and power


22,769.08


24,393.17


+1,624.09.


Cost of janitors' services, etc.


110,719.09


111,576.54


+857.45


Cost of fuel and insurance


34,702.75


33,284.62


-1,418.13


Total cost of day and evening schools


1,550,748.32


1,547,639.18


-3,109.14


Per capita cost


93.29


94.91


+1.62


Cost of high school instruction


302,665.40


302,461.77


- -203.63


Per capita cost


90.37


89.70


-0.67


6


- MISCELLANEOUS


*1938


*1938


Change


Paid for new school build- ings


$22,313.79


$29,327.55


+$7,013.76


Repairs and permanent im- provements


48,936.43


62,087.61


+13,151.18


Total school expenditures ..


1,621,998.54


1,639,054.34


+17,055.80


Valuation of city


114,522,100.00


114,124,400.00


-397,700.00


Number of dollars spent to


maintain schools out of


every $1,000 of valuation


13.54


13.57


+0.03


Number of dollars spent for


all school purposes out of


every $1,000 of valuation


14.16


14.36


+0.20


* School year.


COST OF THE SCHOOLS


The total amount spent for the maintenance of the schools of Somerville for the school year ending June 30, 1939, is $1,547,639.18.


This includes the sums spent for care of school buildings, including janitors' services, fuel, light, and school telephones ; the amount paid for salaries of officers, and the amount spent for school supplies ; and the sum paid for salaries of teachers.


The expenditures for care for school buildings is wholly in charge of the City Government.


The amount paid for janitors is


$111,576.54


The cost of fuel is


33,284.62


The cost of light is


24,393.17


A total cost of


$169,254.33


A total cost per capita of


$10.38


Cost of repairs


$62,087.61.


The third, and by far the largest, element of the cost of schools is the sum spent for the salaries of teachers. This expenditure is under the control of the School Committee.


The following statement shows the distribution of the sums paid for salaries :


-Day Schools-


Expenditures


Total


High


Junior


Elementary


Vocational


High


-Evening Schools- Elementary


Vocational


Jr. Vocational Continuation School and American- ization Work $1,732.50


Supervisors


$26,842.50


$5,108.00


$5,125.00


$14,877.00


Principals


53,157.50


5,000.00


11,400.00


30,700.00


$4,340.00


$382.50


$312.00


$123.00


900.00


Teachers


1,216,988.48


292,353.77


350,528.93


505,059.82


46,517.46


7,236.00


936.00


540.50


13,816.00


Total


$1,296,988.48


$302,461.77


$367,053.93


$550,636.82


$50,857.46


$7,618.50


$1,248.00


$663.50


$16,448.50


The second important expenditure is wholly under the control of the School Committee and is covered by what is known as the "School Contingent" appropriation. The following is the itemized account :


Expenditures


Total


High


-Day Schools- Junior


Elementary


Vocational


High


-Evening Schools- Elementary


Vocational


Jr. Vocational, Continuation School and American- ization Work


Officers' Salaries ..


$32,994.05


Office Expenses


....


3,708.18


Text Books


16,578.99


$5,645.48


$4,776.01


$5,763.43


$185.36


$50.70


..


$158.01


Stationery


and


Supplies


and


Other Expenses


22,965.49


9,007.02


5,504.41


4,619.35


2,908.41


150.63


$7.57


768.10


Miscellaneous


(Tuition, etc.) ..


5,149.66


1,027.65


619.38


3,208.57


170.67


18.60


9.59


$4.06


91.14


Total


$81,396.37


$15,680.15


$10,899.80


$13,591.35


$3,264.44


$219.93


$17.16


$4.06


$1,017.25


144


ANNUAL REPORTS


..


...


...........


......


....... ...


of Instruction .


145


SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


The total outlay for all school purposes includes all the pre- ceding and the sums spent for schoolhouse repairs and new buildings :


The total outlay for the school year ending June 30, 1939, is as follows :


Care


$169,254.33


Contingent


48,963.32


Salaries


1,329,421.53


Total for school maintenance


$1,547,639.18


Paid for repairs


62,087.61


Paid for new buildings


29,327.55


Total for all school purposes


$1,639,054.34


Each dollar of the sum spent for the support of schools has been divided in the following proportion :


1934


1935 $0.073


1936 $0.072


1937


1938 $0.071


1939


Janitors' salaries


$0.075


$0.072


Heat and light


0.035


0.042


0.030


0.042


0.037


0.037


Administration ....


0.024


0.026


0.023


0.022


0.022


0.021


School supplies ..


0.032


0.028


0.030


0.030


0.034


0.032


Teachers' salaries


0.834


0.831


0.845


0.831


0.836


0.838


$1.000


$1.000


$1.000


$1.000


$1.000


$1.000


$0.075


....


The Per Capita Cost of Day Schools for 1938 and 1939


High School.


Junior High Schools.


Elementary Schools.


All Day Schools.


1938.


1939.


Change


1938.


1939.


Change


1938.


1939.


Change


1938.


1939.


Change


Instruction Supplies. Care ..


$91.10 5.18 10.01


$91.67 5.03 9 64


+$0.57 -0.15 -0.37


$96.51 3.52 10.06


$99.35 3.25 10.62


+$2.84 -0.27 -- 0.56


$63.49 1.99 9.34


$64.30 1.69 9.79


+$0.81 -0.30 +0.45


$76.93 3.01 9.62


$78.22 2.77 9.91


+$1.29


-0.24 +0.29


fotal


$106.29


$106.34


+$0.05


$110.09


$113.22


+$3.13


$74.82


$75.78


+$0.96


$89.56


$90.90


+$1.34


The following shows :


Per Capita Cost. The proper method of comparison of the cost of schools year by year is to consider the sum spent for each pupil in the average membership. In this computation we exclude the cost of evening schools, and the vocational schools.




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