USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > The Essex memorial, for 1836: embracing a register of the county > Part 10
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Lynn Beach is ever viewed as an interesting curiosity. It is a mile and a half in length, and sixty rods in width, presenting a fine polished sur- face of sand, so hard that horses' hoofs scarcely make an impression. It was on an eminence over- looking this beach, that the residence of the Sagamore of the Saugus tribe was located, previ- ons to the coming of the whites, and his people used to assemble on the beach to pursue their games. They divided themselves into parties, and drawing a line along the sand, interchanged over it their tokens of friendship. They then engaged in running, leaping, shooting and other sports, and those who were victorious gained prizes of skins, ornaments, or wampum.
* Nahant, in the Indian language, is said to signify the lover's walk ; a name, like most of those given by the In- dians, peculiarly expressive and happy.
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With the history of this town is identified the history of shoemaking in this quarter. Ladies' shoes appear at first to have been manufactured of common woollen cloth, or coarse curried leather ; afterwards of cassimere, shalloon, &c. and some of satin, florentine and damask. They were usu- ally made with straps for large buckles, which were worn by women as well as men. Sixty or seventy years ago they were mostly made with rands, very finely stitched with white waxed thread, and had wooden heels. These were suc- ceeded by spring heels. All the sole leather was worked with the flesh side out. In the year 1750, John Adam Deaggeor came to Lynn from London. He was an accomplished workman, and took great pains to instruct the young men of the town ; he did much to improve the business, and from his time to this, there has been a progressive improve- ment in the art. But Deaggeor was finally unfortu- nate, and died in the alms-house. Previous to the revolution, the business was conducted in quite a different manner from the present mode ; many in- dividuals, with small capital, carried it on, confin- ing their operations to their own family ; father, sons and apprentices, with perhaps a journeyman or two, all in one shop of twelve or fourteen feet square, with a chimney in one corner and a cut- ting board in another, pursued their labors. Af- ter the revolution, the business began to be con- ducted on a more extensive scale ; and its present aspect will appear from the fact that upwards of 2,205,000 pairs were manufactured last year.
There are several fine ponds in this town, which, aside from their utility in furnishing water privi- leges, give diversity and beauty to the landscape. The Floating Bridge, which lies upon a pond not
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far from the Salem line, has been regarded by many as quite a curiosity. This pond covers a considerable number of acres, and is of such amazing depth that it is commonly spoken of as being " without a bottom." The bridge lies flat upon the surface of the pond, and as carriages pass over, the water is forced up between the planks, so that some portions of it are at all times wet.
The resources of this town consist mainly in the industry of its inhabitants. The land, how- ever, is very good, and there are some valuable water privileges. 'The harbor is small, and on the whole presents little encouragement to the ship- ping interest.
POPULATION.
The population was in 1800, 2,837 ; in 1810, 4,087 ; in 1820, five years after Saugus was set off, 4,515 ; in 1830, 6,138. Another census was taken in June, 1835, which gave a total of 8,419, showing an increase of about 37 per cent in five years.
Ratable Polls, 1,982.
TOWN OFFICERS.
Town Clerk-Thomas Bowler. Town Treasurer-Amos Rhodes.
Selectmen and Assessors-Henry A. Breed, Daniel R. Witt, Josiah Newhall, Joseph A. Lloyd, Richard Richards.
PHYSICIANS, LAWYERS, JUSTICES, ETC.
Physicians .- Charles O. Barker, William B. Brown, Edward L. Coffin, Richard Hazeltine, John Lummus, William Prescott, N. C. Towle, J. W. Whitney, Edward A. Kittredge.
Lawyers .- Robert W. Trevett, Isaac Gates, Jere- miah C. Stickney, John W. Browne, Daniel Hen- shaw.
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Justices of the Peace-Elijah Downing, Richard Hazeltine, John Lummus, Elezer C. Richardson, Isaac Story, Isaac Gates, Jeremiah C. Stickney, Dan- iel Henshaw, John Mudge, Francis S. Newhall, George Johnson, John W. Browne.
Justices of the Quorum .- R. W. Trevett.
Coroners .- Elezer C. Richardson, Samuel Viall.
Notaries Public .- Benjamin Oliver, Edward S. Davis.
Deputy Sheriff .- Charles Merritt.
Inspector of Customs .- William Hathorne.
RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
Orthodox Congregational .- (First Church.) This church was gathered in 1632. The house of wor- ship is on South Common, corner of Commercial Street. They are at present without a settled pastor. Number of communicants, 135. There is a Sabbath School attached, organized in 1818, now numbering 180 scholars. The parish records extend back to the year 1721. The first pastor was Stephen Batchelor. He was born in England, in 1561, and came to Lynn in 1632. Six persons who came with him, together with those who chose to join him here, constituted his church, and he commenced preaching without a regular installation. He resigned in 1636, became minister of Hampton and finally returned to England, where he died in 1661, aged 100 years. The second pastor was Samuel Whiting. He was born in Eng- land, Nov. 20, 1597 ; settled here Nov. 8, 1636 ; died Dec. 11, 1679, and was interred in the old burying place. The third pastor was Thomas Cobbet. He was born in England, in 1608 ; was settled as an Episcopal minister, in Lincolnshire ; ordained here in 1637, as a colleague with Mr Whiting; resigned, 1656, and went to Ipswich where he died Nov. 5, 1685. The fourth pastor was Jeremiah Shepard. He was born Aug. 11, 1648, graduated at Harvard College, 1669 ; was settled here Oct. 6, 1680, and died June 3, 1720. His tomb is in the old burying place. Joseph Whiting, a son of the second pastor,
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was born at Lynn, in 1641 ; graduated at Harvard College, 1661 ; assisted his father in preaching, sev- eral years ; was settled with Mr Shepherd, Oct. 6, 1680; resigned 1682, and died April 7, 1723, at Southampton, L. I. The sixth pastor was Nathaniel Henchman. He was born at Boston, Nov. 22, 1700 ; graduated at Harvard College, 1717 ; settled Dec. 1720 ; died Dec. 23, 1761. His tomb is in the old burying place. The seventh pastor was John Tread- well. He was born at Ipswich, Sept. 20, 1738 ; graduated at Harvard, 1758 ; settled here March 2, 1763 ; resigned, 1782 ; was subsequently a Senator, and Judge of the Common Pleas Court. He died at Salem, Jan. 5, 1811. The eighth pastor was Oba- diah Parsons. He was born at Gloucester, April 5, 1747 ; graduated at Harvard, 1768 ; settled here, Feb. 4, 1784; resigned, July 16, 1792 ; returned to his native place, there taught a school and held the office of Justice of the Peace. He died Dec. 1801. The ninth pastor was Thomas Cushing Thatcher. He was born at Malden, Oct. 11, 1771 ; graduated at Harvard, 1790; settled here, Aug. 13, 1794 ; relin- quished his pastorship, Feb. 13, 1813. He now re- sides at Cambridgeport. The tenth pastor was Isaac Hurd. He was born at Charlestown, Dec. 1785 ; graduated at Harvard, 1806 ; settled Sept. 15, 1813 ; resigned May 22, 1816. Mr Hurd was installed over the second church at Exeter, N. H. Sept. 11, 1817. The eleventh pastor was Otis Rockwood. He was born at Chesterfield, N. H., May 1, 1791 ; graduated at Middlebury, 1813 ; settled here July 1, 1818 ; re- signed, June 6, 1832; settled at Woodstock, Ct. Nov. 30, 1834. The twelfth pastor was David Pea- body. He was born at Topsfield, April 16, 1805 ; graduated at Dartmouth, 1828 ; settled, Nov. 15, 1832 ; resigned, 1835. He is now settled at Wor- cester.
First Methodist .- Organized, 1791. Meetinghouse, South Common, corner of Market Street. Pastor J. Horton. Number of communicants, 302. Sabbath School organized 1816, number of scholars, 260.
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Second Methodist .- Organized 1811. Meetings house, Union Street. Pastor, I. Bonney. Number of communicants, 175. Sabbath School organized 1818 ; number of scholars, 200.
Third Methodist .- Organized 1830. Meeting- house, South Street. Pastor, Rev. A. Binney. Num- ber of communicants, 210. Sabbath School organ- ized 1830 ; number of scholars, 173.
Friends .- There is a pretty large society of Friends. Their Meetinghouse is on Washington Square, oppo- site Nahant Street. A well attended Sabbath School is attached.
Baptist .- Incorporated 1816. Meetinghouse, North Common Street. Pastor, L. S. Bolles. Number of communicants, 180. Sabbath School organized 1818; number of scholars, 140.
Unitarian .- Incorporated, June 15, 1822. Meet- inghouse, South Common Street. Pastor, S. D, Rob- bins. Number of communicants 40. Sabbath School organized 1825 ; number of scholars 100.
Universalist .- Organized 1833. Meetinghouse on Union Street. Pastor, J. C. Waldo. Church not organized. Sabbath School commenced 1834; num- ber of scholars 60.
Christians .- A society of this sect has recently been commenced here. Pastor, Philemon R. Rus- sell.
BANKS.
Lynn Mechanics' Bank .- Location, Broad Street. Incorporated, 1814. Capital stock, $150,000. Dis- count days, Tuesdays and Fridays. President, Isaiah Breed ; Cashier, James Oliver ; Directors, Micajah C. Pratt, Daniel Farrington, Isaac Bassett, Nathan Breedy John Alley, 3d, Francis S. Newhall, John Lovejoy, Josiah Newhall, Isaiah Breed, Joseph N. Saunderson.
Nahant Bank .- Located on North Common Street. Incorporated 1832. Capital stock $150,000. Dis- count days, Mondays and Thursdays. President, Henry A. Breed ; Cashier, Isaac Story. Directors,
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Henry A. Breed, Isaac Story, David Taylor, Samuel T. Huse, George Johnson, Jeremiah C. Stickney, A. Breed.
Savings Bank .- Incorporated 1826. Office over Lynn Mechanics' Bank. Open every Wednesday at 2 P. M. President, Isaac Story. Secretary and Treasurer, Amos Rhodes. Sums as low as one dol- lar are here received in deposit. The rate of interest allowed, is five per cent. payable semi-annually in April and October. Money may be taken out by de- positors on the third Wednesday of every month ; or they may by will give it to others.
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
Lynn Mechanics' Fire and Marine Insurance Company .- Office over Mechanics' Bank. Incor- porated 1832. Capital stock $50,000. No insurance above $3,500 is here made on any one risk. Presi- dent, Micajah C. Pratt. Secretary, Amos Rhodes.
Union Fire and Marine Insurance Company .- Of- fice, Nahant Bank Building. Incorporated, 1832. Capital stock $50,000. No insurance above $3,500 is here made on any one risk. President, Henry A. Breed. Secretary, Isaac Story.
Lynn Mutual Fire Insurance Company .- Office, Market Square. Organized, 1828. On the first of June, 1835, the amount of property insured was $550,521. President, John Lovejoy. Secretary, A. Breed.
LIBRARIES.
Lynn Social Library .- Located in Market Street. Incorporated 1818. Number of volumes 1000. Open on the last Saturday of every month from 6 to 9, P. M. and on other Saturdays from 6 to 7, P. M. Libra- rian, Amos Rhodes. Clerk, Joseph N. Saunderson.
Lynn Circulating Library .- Commenced 1833. Number of volumes 600. Kept by Proctor & Rhodes, South Common Street.
It may be added that small libraries are attached to many of the Sabbath Schools, and also to some of the District schools.
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SCHOOLS.
Lynn Academy .- This is an incorporated institution, first opened in 1805, and now in a flourishing condi- tion. Principal, Jacob Bachelder.
District Schools, &c .- There are eight District and five Primary schools, together with about seventeen private ones. Whole number of scholars 2,140. An- nual school tax, about $4,000.
About $2,000 are annually paid for instruction at Academies, &c.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
There are eight engines, viz : No. 1, Relief, located on North Common Street; 2, Despatch, located on Federal Street ; 3, Reliance, located on Front Street ; 4, Perseverence, located at Gravesend ; 5, Eclipse, located at Woodend ; 6, Alert, located; on Tower Hill ; 7, Assistant, located at Swampscot ; 8, Volun- teer, located near First Congregational Church.
Three Firewards are attached to each engine, and Hose Apparatus are furnished for two or three.
MILITARY.
Lynn Artillery .- Organized 1808. Enrolled mem- bers, 60. Captain, E. S. Fowler; First Lieutenant, George H. Breed; Second Lieutenant, William T. Gale.
Lynn Light Infantry .- Organized 1812. Enrolled members, 40. Captain, Timothy Munroe, jr .; Lieu- tenant, William Newhall, jr .; Ensign, Henry Ropes.
Lynn Rifle Corps .- Number of members, 45. Cap- tain, Blaney Ingalls; Lieutenant, George W. Stone; Ensign, Nathan Moulton.
Besides the above, which are handsome uniform companies, there are two large companies of the line, one comprising the western, and the other the eastern section of the town.
PUBLIC HOUSES.
Nahant Hotel, R. W. Holman.
Rice's Tavern, (Nahant) Jesse Rice. Nahant House, Samuel Rice.
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Lynn Hotel, (west end of Common) A. C. Field. Village House, (Woodend) William Scarborough. Lynn Mineral Spring Hotel, Thomas Rhodes. Ober's Tavern, (Dye Factory Village). Swampscot House, William Wiggin jr.
Weeks's Tavern, (Swampscot) Ebenezer Weeks.
POST OFFICE.
The Post Office is open every day except Sunday, from 7 o'clock, A. M , till noon; from 2 till 5, P. M .; and from 6 to 8, P. M. On Sunday, from 2 till 3, P. M., and from 6 till half past 7, P. M.
The Southern mail closes at 6, P. M.
The Eastern mail closes every day except Monday at 1, P. M. On Monday, at 4, P. M.
The Southern newspaper mail arrives every day except Sunday, at 9, A. M.
The Southern letter mail arrives every day except Monday, at 2, P. M. On Monday, at 6, P. M.
The Eastern mail arrives every day, at 7, P. M. J. C. Stickney, Postmaster.
NEWSPAPER.
Lynn Record .- Published every Thursday morn- ing, at $2 per annum; commenced January 23, 1830; in politics, antimasonic. Office, south end of Market street: Jonathan Buffum, proprietor.
ALMS HOUSE.
Keeper, Theophilus Clark : number of subjects, 60.
STAGES.
Twentythree stages leave the hotel for Boston, daily (except Sunday); and about the same number leave for Salem. On Sundays, a stage leaves for Salem, at 10, A. M., and one for Boston, at 5, P. M. A stage for Marblehead leaves daily, except Sunday.
LOCAL SOCIETIES.
United Trade Society of Journeymen Cordwainers of Lynn .- This society was organized August, 1835. Its object is the mutual benefit of journeymen shoe
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makers. President, Jesse L. Lewis; Corresponding Secretary, John C. Haskell; Recording Secretary, Peter Mash.
Lynn Temperance Society .-- Organized 1826. Num- ber of members, 550. This society is composed in a great measure of elderly persons. President, Thos. Bowler. Secretary, Jonathan Tuttle.
Lynn Young Mens' Temperance Society .- Organ- ized 1833. Number of members, 350. President, Edward S. Davis. Corresponding Secretary, J. R. Newhall. Recording Secretary, Charles B. Holmes.
Lynn Union Temperance Society .- Instituted 1835. Number of members, 160. The pledge of this soci- ety forbids the use of all intoxicating drinks; and though it specifies no particular articles, the under- standing is that wine, cider, beer, &c., are among the proscribed. President, Josiah Newhall. Secretary, George Keene.
Lynn Fire Club .- A society for mutual assistance in cases of fire. Instituted 1826. Annual meeting in January. Number of members, 40. President, Ste- phen Oliver. Clerk, Daniel N. Breed.
Lynn Colored Peoples' Friend Society .- The ob- ject of this society is the furtherance of the immediate abolition plans. Number of members, 185. Presi- dent, Jonathan Buffum. Corresponding Secretary, Edward S. Davis. Recording Secretary, Amos Wal- ton.
MANUFACTURES.
The principal manufacture of this town is that of ladies' shoes, of which there were made last year, (including say 110,000 pairs of men's boots, shoes, slippers, &c.) 2,205,384 pairs. To show the pre- dominance of this branch of business over all others, it may be said to comprise about three fourths of the whole.
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.
India Rubber Cloth Manufactory .- On Strawberry Brook is the manufactory of the Boston and Lynn India Rubber Cloth Manufacturing Company. It
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was commenced about two years since, with a capital of $100,000, liberty being granted by the charter to increase to $200,000. The number of workmen at present employed is about seventy.
Dyeing Establishment .- In the northern section of the town is a large dyeing establishment, connected with which is a manufactory of India rubber cloth.
Silk Printing .- There is an extensive silk printing establishment near Water Hill, owned by John Hal- liday. Shawls and handkerchiefs are the principal articles turned out here, and their execution does honor to the country; they are mostly disposed of at the South, though some grace the counters of New York and Boston merchants.
Shipping .- The following is a list of the shipping belonging to Lynn, in addition to that mentioned un- der the head "Fisheries." Five whale ships, 1600 tons; two brigs, employed in the foreign trade, 375 tons; two schooners, employed in the foreign trade, 200 tons; eight schooners, employed in the coasting trade, 850 tons; one sloop, a New York trader, 80 tons.
Fisheries .- There are four schooners (300 tons) employed in the bank fishery; and six schooners (300 tons) employed in the bay fishery; besides about sev- enty small boats.
Distances from Lynn Hotel .- The following Table of Distances is taken from the Lynn Directory :-
M. F. R.
To Boston Post Office, over the turnpike, 9 2 13
" the same, on the old Boston road, 10 6 32
" Lafayette Coffee House, Salem, on the turnpike, 55 6
" the same, on the old Boston road, 6 7 11
" the same, on the Forest River road, 6 4 10
" Marblehead cominon, 6 6 21
" the same, on Swampscot road, 8 3 17
" Lynnfield Hotel, on Northeastern road, 4 7 13
" the same, on Northwestern road, 5 3 12
" Saugus bridge, on turnpike, 1 0 11
" Childs' Mills, on Saugus river, 1 2 32
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M. F. R.
To Saugus First Meetinghouse, through Boston street, 2 6 12
the same, through Walnut street, 30 6
Dye-house, 170
Floating bridge, 17 7
Mineral Spring Hotel, over turnpike, 2 4 21
the same, through Boston street, 32 7
Village House, Essex street, Woodend, 1 3 36
" the same, through Market street, 1 6 13
" the same, through Broad street, 2 0 36
Blaney's beach, Swampscot,
27 6
Fishing point,
3 2 17
66 Phillips's point,
4 1 35
East end of Common,
0 5 20
South end of Market street,
100
Washington square,
130
" Nahant gate, 1 5 10
" Little Nahant, 3 2 18
Length of Long beach, 1 4 34
Length of Little beach, 0 4 10
To Rice's Tavern, on Nahant, 5 0 17
" Nahant Hotel, 5 3 28
Stores .- There are in this town, 10 dry goods stores, 23 grocery, 4 apothecary, 6 leather, and two or three of almost every other kind.
Land .- Lynn contains 9,369 acres; of which 607 are in tillage, 1,027 in English and upland mowing, 279 salt marsh, 2,508 in pasturage, and 994 in wood- land. A great many acres are covered by water, and there is some which goes under the denomination of vacant land.
Dwellings .- There are 670 dwellings in Lynn, of the average value of $500.
Taxable Property .- The amount of taxable prop- erty in this town, as appears on the town books, is $1,399,899.
Journeymen Shoemakers .- The number of jour- neymen shoemakers in this town, is 2,350; and it may be added that about seven eighths of the females are employed, more or less of the time, in binding and trimming shoes.
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Streets .- In 1832, there were sixty streets in Lynn; since that time, about fifteen new ones have been opened. They are generally straight and commodi- ous. None are yet paved or macadamized.
Valuation .- Lynn stands in the State valuation at $758,177 86.
Buildings .- The buildings of this town are almost universally of wood, and less than three stories in height; there are about seventeen of brick; and only about six, of any material, above two stories high. The Nahant Hotel is of stone, as also some of the cottages on that peninsula.
Post Office .- The gross amount of postage accruing at the Lynn Post Office, for the year ending October 1, 1835, was $2,459 28. This office was established in the year 1793, through the agency of Ebenezer Breed, then a wealthy merchant-now a pauper, in the alins house. Previous to the establishment of the office here, the people were obliged to go to Boston for let- ters, &c. from the south. Col. James Robinson was the first postmaster. A penny-post began to run about town in 1812.
Lynn Common .- Lynn Common contains 20 acres. A handsome circular pond has recently been dug near the centre, and other improvements have been inade.
Fires .- On the 17th of February, 1833, the shoe manufactury of David Taylor, opposite Lynn Hotel, was burned. This was the first fire that had taken place for thirteen years. Since that time, there has been but one considerable fire -- that of H. Chase & Co.'s chocolate and grist mills, Nov. 5, 1835.
Widows .- There are about 180 widows in Lynn.
Church Bells .- There are four church bells in this town; one upon the 1st Congregational church, one upon the 1st Methodist, one upon the 2d Methodist, and one upon the Universalist; the last is said to be the largest in the county. There is also a small bell upon the academy.
Dates of Buildings .- The oldest house in town is the small two story wooden one recently removed from near the centre of the Common to North Shep-
10
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ard street; it was built in 1682. The Carnes house, so called, on Boston street, opposite Centre street, was built in the year 1690. The large wooden house on Boston, east corner of Hart street, was built in 1700. The house of worship of the 1st Congrega- tional society, called the " Old Tunnel," recently standing near the centre of the Common, was built in 1682. The frame of the present place of worship of this society, on South Common, corner of Commer- cial street, is composed of the timber of the ancient house, and the old pulpit is used in the vestry. The 1st Methodist church, (on the Common) was built 1791. Lynn Hotel was built 1803. Mineral Spring Hotel was built 1810. Nahant Hotel was built 1820.
Canker Worms .- For the last thirteen years, can- ker worms have done much damage to the fruit trees in this town. In many cases they have absolutely stripped the trees of every sign of foliage. They make their appearance as early in the spring as the apple trees are leafed, and disappear about the 20th of June. It is truly wonderful how universally they cease their depredations on a particular day. For the last year or two, however, they have been less troublesome than heretofore, and hopes are enter- tained that their sojourn in this vicinity is terminating.
Records. - Most of the earlier records of this town, by all accounts, were destroyed near the close of the seventeenth or beginning of the eighteenth century; but by what means, is not satisfactorily ascertained. The regular records of the town now extant, com- mence in the year 1691; though in accordance with a vote passed at a town meeting, March 7, 1715, some portions of the earlier records were transcribed; these, however, extend back no farther than the year 1661. They are in a pretty good state of preservation, and are, of course, in possession of the town clerk.
Trees in the Old Burying-ground .- The great numbers of trees in the burying-place opposite the Hotel, add much to the beauty of this ancient ceme- tary; they are a fine species of the black cherry, and in the autumn are loaded with fruit. For a long time
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it was a matter of wonder what occasioned the growth of these trees ; no one was known to have planted them, yet it was observed that with scarcely an ex- ception they grew close beside some grave stone. It was finally noticed that a single tree of the same species, in the vicinity, had commenced bearing fruit a few seasons before, and that many birds resorted to this tree, from which they plucked fruit, and then fly- ing to the grave-yard perched themselves upon some tomb stone, where they devoured the delicious morsel, dropping the stone beside the monument. Since the trees in the yard have begun to bear, great numbers of young trees shoot up every season.
By-Laws .- The code of By-Laws, for this town was adopted in 1828.
Ancient Coins .- We have in our possession an English silver coin, ploughed up in Market Street, in 1332 ; it bears the name of Elizabeth and the date, 1573.
We have also an American silver coin, dug up in a garden in Federal Street, the same year. It has on one side a pine tree encircled by the word " MASA- THVSETS. IN." and on the other side " NEW ENG- LAND. AN. DOM. 1652. XII." The latter numerals denote the number of pence at which it was valued. This was from the mint at Boston.
First Fire Engine in America .- The first fire en- gine made in America is said to have been manufac- tured by Joseph Jenks, of Lynn, for the Selectmen of Boston, in the year 1654.
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