USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Milford > Town Annual Report of the Officers of the Town of Milford, Massachusetts 1881-1890 > Part 24
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Books and supplies on hand Feb. 1, 1888, $671 71
66 66 sold,
43 32
$715 03
Net cost of schools to the town,
$21,151 78
Average cost per pupil based on net cost and whole enrolment, $13 31
Average cost per pupil based on net cost and average number belonging, $16 69
Cost of evening school, $320 30
Average cost per pupil, based on cost and average attendance, $7 32
The number of children between 5 and 15 years of age is re- ported as 1529. This number is evidently much too small, for the number enrolled in the public schools is 1477, while there are over 200 in the parochial schools, so that the whole number must be nearly 1700. It will be seen that the net cost of the schools to the town is $738.23 more than the same item in last year's re- port, while the total expenditure is only $55.99 more this year than last. This is accounted for by the fact that an error oc- curred in the report of last year, by which the net costwas made to appear $639.80 less than it was. By referring to that report, it will be seen that the net cost was found by deducting from the
14
total expenditures the sum of three items, viz. : the value of books on hand, the value of books sold, and the difference between the value of books on hand in 1886 and 1887. Of these three items, only two, the value of the books sold and the difference in value should have been deducted. This would leave the net cost for that year $21,053.35 which is only $100 less than the same item this year. I have thought this explanation necessary, in order to show why the average cost per pupil is more this year than last.
OUR SCHOOLS.
Of the many definitions of education, I am impressed with that of Pestalozzi : "Education is the generation of power." The tree is judged by its fruit, and the man is judged by that he does. Our schools must be judged by what they do for the children. This idea is a part of our system of education, and from time to time we endeavor to find out what the pupils can do. We do this by tests which we call oral and written examinations. It is true that in many cases we simply succeed in finding out what they can not do; but to the true teacher, this is very valuable in- formation, and will incite to greater effort.
PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
It is in the primary grades that we need the wise forethought, the tender care and careful judgment of the experienced teacher. I think that the plan usually followed with beginners is to place them in the primary rooms. This is in many ways a detriment .to these schools. We are often urged to employ a teacher be- cause she is deserving, has spent much time and money in ob- taining an education, and is in need of the money she would re- ceive. These things are worthy of consideration, but have little weight in comparison with the fact that the people freely vote money for the education of their children and have a right to de- mand that we employ the best talent which can be had for the money appropriated. The work of the four lower grades is, on the whole, very satisfactory. In Reading, care is being taken to avoid the hesitating manner which is necessitated when the child is permitted to pronounce each word as he recognizes it. He is encouraged to make a silent study of each sentence, before at- tempting to read it, and in this way learns to read the thoughts expressed in the sentences. In the higher grades of school, and after leaving school, the larger part of our information is acquired
1
15
by silent reading; it therefore becomes an important object in reading that the child should learn to quickly and accurately comprehend the thought expressed by the sentence. This should begin with the first sentence taught, and be kept in mind throughout his course of reading.
In Number, the primary grades should furnish a sure founda- tion on which the teachers in the Grammar schools may rely for rapidity and accuracy in the more advanced work of their grades. Here we teach addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and we should insist on rapidity, as well as accuracy. The most rapid accountant is usually the most accurate. The study of Number, aside from its practicability, may be made one of the most useful studies as a means of disciplining the mind in habits of close and continued attention.
In other branches of study excellent work is being done, and as they have been the subjects of notice in previous reports, I will omit extended mention of them here.
GRAMMAR GRADES.
In the best graded schools of our state there is a nine years' course before entering the High school. Mr. Prince, agent of the State Board of Education, in his ."Courses of Studies and Methods of Teaching," lately published, gives an outline course for nine years. It seems to be a generally accepted fact that there should be nine years from the time a child enters the low- est Primary, until he leaves the highest Grammar grade. Our course was originally divided into eight grades, four in the Pri- mary and four in the Grammar school. With very little work this could be changed, making a nine years' course. I should ad- vise this change, as there is too much work in our Grammar course of four years, and a large per cent of the pupils are five years in doing the work of these grades. In making this change, I think the Primary grades should be left much as they are, and the Grammar course made one of five years. As it now is, rooms 4 and 3 are crowded with pupils, while the average num- ber in the first grade is less than thirty. By making five grades, placing two grades in No. 1, we would be able to equalize the numbers in the four rooms.
OUR SYSTEM OF PROMOTION.
At the meeting of the superintendents of New England, held in Boston, November 4, the superintendents were asked to in-
16
clude in their annual reports, a statement of the method in use in their towns, in the promotion of pupils. In accordance with this request I make the following extract from our rules and regula- tions :-
Section 10. In all Grammar grades and in the highest grade Primary, oral examinations shall be held by the teachers on Thurs- day of the ninth week of the fall term,and on Thursday of the sixth week of the winter and summer terms, on the work of the preced- ing half term. The Superintendent shall hold written examina- tions at the close of each term. These examinations, with the weekly class averages, shall determine a pupil's standing for the term. In making up the total averages, the oral and written ex- aminations shall count one third each and the weekly averages one third, in all grades below the No. 1 Grammar. In the No. 1 Grammar, the written examinations shall count one half, and the oral examinations, together with the weekly averages, one half. Any pupil attaining a general average of seventy per cent for the year, shall be promoted to the next higher grade. Any pupil not attaining the requisite standing, may be accorded a special examination by the Committee, and, if a maximum of seventy-five per cent is reached, may also be promoted.
This regulation has, I think, been followed as closely as pos- sible in making promotions. Last year promotions were made on this basis. When the schools opened in September, it was found that at the South Grammar, in room No. 3, there were several more pupils than there were sittings, while there were only 15 pupils in No. 1. When this was reported to the committee, they decided that the superintendent should promote a sufficient num- ber of pupils from the lower rooms, to make the numbers in the several rooms as nearly equal as possible. This was done by send- ing some 15 pupils from No. 3 to No. 2, and about the same num- ber from No. 2 to No. 1. This promotion was made by taking those pupils who had the best standing for the year, some going up whose yearly average was only 60 per cent. We anticipated trouble from the admission of the "low stand" pupils, but we have been very agreeably disappointed, as these pupils are doing excel- lent work in the grades to which they were promoted, and, as a whole, their work compares very favorably with that of those who went in at the regular promotion. The question arises, Would it have been unjust had we kept them in the lower grades for an- other year? I prefer to leave the question for your consideration. I do not feel that I have been long enough in the work to be a competent critic of this system, but I think that we are sometimes in danger of forgetting that the school is made for the child, and thinking that the child must be made to fit the school.
17
From an experience of several years in teaching, I am sure that there is no one so well qualified as the teacher, to judge of a pupil's fitness for promotion. I would, therefore, suggest that the recommendation of the teacher be an important factor in deter- mining who should, and who should not, be promoted.
HEATING AND VENTILATION.
In many of the previous reports mention has been made of the fact that some improvement should be made in the method of heating and ventilating our schoolrooms. This has been im- pressed upon my mind during my visits to the schools in the severe cold of this winter. Parents have a right to demand that the health of their children shall not be endangered while they are in our care. In a large room, heated with a stove, those near the fire must be too warm, while those farthest from it must be cold. Fifty children in one room need a constant supply of fresh air; our only means of obtaining this supply is by opening the win- dows or doors. It is true there are ventilators placed in the walls or ceiling, but they are useless so long as there is no supply of fresh air to the room. It is a fact that the only way of getting foul air out is to let pure air in. For our four large buildings some method can be introduced by which to heat and ventilate the rooms, with no additional expense beyond the first cost. That is, the expense of running the furnaces will be no more than that of running stoves. It will cost a little over $400 to put two furnaces in one of the large buildings. I mention furnaces because they furnish a constant supply of pure warm air. There are other methods of heating which it may be well to investigate.
WAGES.
All business men recognize the fact that an employee of three or four years' experience' is more valuable than a beginner. This principle is as true in teaching as in any other business. I find, by comparing our pay-roll with that of other towns of the size of Milford, that we are paying high prices for inexperienced teachers, and low prices for those who have been several years in the work. We pay a teacher as much for the first year's work as for the fifth or tenth. There is no distinction made while she remains in the lower grades. The result is that Milford is a good place for beginners, but we can offer no inducement to teachers of experi- ence. I think it would be well to adopt a sliding scale of prices,
18
based on the number of years a teacher has been in the work. We can hire beginners for very low prices, compared with what we are now paying them, and give them an increase for every year's work until they receive the maximum price. In this way, with no increase in the amount expended, we would be able to pay our experienced teachers from ten and one half to eleven dollars per week, which would give them much encouragement in their work.
REPAIRS.
In the coming year more money will be needed for repairs than has been expended in the past year. New fences haveto be built at Bear Hill, Braggville, Fountain street and Silver Hill. The town land at the Claflin should be fenced, and the fence east of the school land at the Plains should be repaired or renewed. The outbuildings in several places are in poor condition, and at the Plains the outhouse should be removed from its present posi- tion under the east windows, to the north-east corner of the school yard. Concrete walks are needed at the Park, Plains and Brick schools. There should be a generous appropriation for repairs, for neglect in this direction is the poorest economy.
EVENING SCHOOL.
In October a petition, signed by twenty young men of Mil- ford, was sent to the Committee, asking that the evening school be opened in the High school building, and stating that much discomfort had been felt at the old quarters in the Claflin build- ing, from the imperfect arrangements for heating and lighting the rooms. In consideration of this petition, the Committee voted to open the evening school in the lower room of the High school building. This room is well warmed by steam, and was lighted by putting in six new gas burners in addition to the four already there. That this move was wise is shown by the fact that the attendance is nearly double that of last year. Miss Nellie M. Conely was appointed to assist Mr. Wood in the work of the school. The school is in fine condition and is doing excellent work.
DRAWING.
Miss Prince declined a re-election in July, and in September Miss M. B. Smith of the Boston Normal Art school was engaged at $10 per week. Miss Smith is an enthusiastic teacher and en-
19
tered upon her work earnestly. A change in books, necessitated by the fact that the publishers of "White's Series in Drawing" ex- changed their old series for the new, made it late in the term when we began drawing, but since that time the progress has been steady, and excellent results have been obtained.
MUSIC.
At present there seems to be quite a demand that music be placed in our course of study. There can be no doubt that it is our duty to develop a talent which is natural to almost every child. The children like to sing. This fact of itself is not suffi- cient to warrant the additional expense, but the study of music has a refining and elevating effect upon the mind ; it relieves the monotony of the schoolroom, and is very useful as a means of discipline in the habits of observation and attention. It seems to be the thing needed to place Milford on equal terms with her sis- ter towns, in matters of education. If the people think best to introduce it, an additional appropriation of $1200 will be neces- sary.
A NEW BUILDING.
For several years the Old Town House building has been considered unsuitable for school purposes. Last fall so much complaint was made, that the Committee considered the advisa- bility of moving the two schools to the two vacant rooms in the Claflin building, but after due consideration this idea was aban- doned. That something should be done is obvious. The pres- ent building stands in one corner of the territory from which it draws its attendance. It is not in a desirable locality, and is in itself unfit for school purposes. This matter should come up for candid consideration at the March meeting. A building similar to the one on Chapin street would be sufficient for the present. Should the town see fit to build, an appropriation of $4,000 will be necessary.
CONCLUSION.
In conclusion, I wish to say that from the teachers of Mil- ord I have received the most hearty support since assuming the duties of my office. They have willingly heard, and cheerfully
20
endeavored to carry out the few suggestions I have made, and I fully appreciate the fact that their faithful work has made my duty easy to perform.
IN MEMORIAM.
The people of Milford sustained a severe loss in the death on the 23d of October last, of Miss Mary J. Kelly. She was a na- tive of the town, was educated in the High school, spent a year in training, and began her labors at the West street school. From there she was transferred to the Park Grammar school, where she was promoted from room to room until she was placed in charge of the building as principal. She was ever an earnest and faith- ful teacher. Doubtless her severe labors hastened, if they were not the direct cause of the disease which took her from us. It may be truly said that she gave her life to the cause of education. She attempted to continue her labors at the commencement of the school year, but failing strength would not permit, and she died in a few weeks after resigning her position.
CHANGE OF TEACHERS.
TRACHERS 'APPOINTED DURING THE YEAR.
Miss L. F. Hayward, Braggville, April.
Miss I. L. Gay, Park 4, July.
Miss H. A. Smith, Braggville, July.
Miss M. L. Minon, Purchase Primary, July.
Miss J. F. McGann, Bear Hill, July.
Miss A. M. Plunkett, Town House 2, September.
Miss E. M. Waters, Silver Hill, 66
Miss E. E. Wilson, North Grammar 4, 66
Miss S. H. Leavens, High School, 66
Miss Lucy S. Patrick, High School, 66
Miss M. B. Smith, Drawing, 6
Miss M. L. Whitney, Assistant, October.
Miss B. J. McLoughlin, 66 66
Miss B. F. Powers, 66
66
.
Miss Cora L. Snell, 66
Mr. J. H. Wood, Evening school, 66 Miss N. M. Conely, December.
21
TEACHERS TRANSFERRED.
Miss H. M. Broderick, Park 3, to Park 2, July.
Miss S. R. Broderick, Purchase Grammar, to Park 3, July.
Miss M. E. Cochran, No. Grammar 4, to No. Grammar 3, July.
Miss J. L. Devine, Bear Hill to North Grammar 4, July.
Miss E. S. Rogers, South Grammar 3 to Purchase Grammar, July. Miss M. J. Kelly, South Grammar 4 to South Grammar 3,
Miss E. O. Taylor, Purchase Primary to South Grammar 4, 66 Miss A. A. Conroy; Deer Brook to Hoboken,
Miss L. F. Hayward, Braggville to Deer Brook,
Mrs. K. E. Edwards, North Grammar 1, to Park 1, September.
Miss M. F. Devine, No. Grammar 2 to No. Grammar 1, "
Miss M. E. Cochran,
3 to 66 2, «
Miss J. L. Devine, 4 to 66 3, "
In the resignations of Miss Jones of the High School, Miss Barry of the Town House, Misses Travis and Gannett of the Park, Miss Burns of the North Grammar and Miss Cheney of Silver Hill, we lost excellent teachers. Miss Barry had served in the Milford schools since 1877, and Miss Burns since 1875.
S. F. BLODGETT,
Superintendent of Schools.
APPENDIX.
TABLE I.
Showing the total cost of each school, the average cost per pupil from February 1, 1887, to February 1, 1888, based on the total expenditures and the average number belonging.
SCHOOLS.
Rooms.
Average No.
Belonging.
Cost per
Pupil.
Total Cost.
High,
111.7
$36 85
$4116 79 Four Classes.
Park Grammar,
4
147.3
17 06
2514 06 Four grades.
North Grammar,
4
196.3
12 93
2539 41
Eight grades.
South Grammar,
4
159.7
14 93
2380 63 Four grades.
No. Purchase Grammar,
1
24.6
22 53
554 42|
Four grades.
No. Purchase Primary,
1
31.6
14
89
2215 69
Four grades.
Town House,
108.5
8 18
888 20
Four grades. Four grades.
Chapin Street,
2
115.4
9 55
1101 64
930 04 Four grades.
Hoboken,
1
32.4
14 50
460 87 Two grades.
Fountain Street.
1
28.8
16 -
473 15 Four grades.
Silver Hill,
1
10.3
37 35
384 80
Ungraded.
Deer Brook,
1
13.
36 20
470 70 Ungraded.
Braggville,
1
18.8
24 1
466 03
Ungraded.
Bear Hill,
1
12.5
37 41
467 68
Ungraded.
City,
1
15.
30 93
463 96
Ungraded.
Evening,
49.7
7 32
320 30 Two classes.
West Street,
2
69.
13 47
468 64 Four grades.
Claflin,
4
171.9
TABLE II. TEACHERS IN THE SCHOOLS, JANUARY, 1888.
NAMES.
GRADE.
RESIDENCE WHEN ELECTED.
RESIDENCE,
YEAR ELECTED.
SALARY .
WHERE EDUCATED.
H. W. Lull,
High, 66
Manchester, N. H., Milford, Norwich, Conn., Hopedale.
Court Square.
1879
550
Milford High School and Boston Normal.
Miss S. H. Leavens,
66
School St.
1987
500
Smith College.
Miss Lucy Patrick
Grammar,
Milford,
Sunner St.
1873
600
Milford High School and Training.
Miss H. M. Broderick,
66
15 Pine St.
1878
342
Milford High School & Framingham Normal.
Miss I. L. Gay,
..
Sumner St
1887
342
Milford High School & Framingham Normal.
Miss C. V Sadler
25 Pine St.
1873
600
Milford High School and Training.
Miss M. F. Aylward,
285 Main St.
1876
378
Milford High School.
Miss M. J. Kelly,
66
Otis St.
1883
342
Milford High School & Framingham Normal.
Miss E. O. Taylor,
9 Beach St.
1875
600
Milford High School.
Miss M F. Devine,
..
1876
378
Milford High School.
Miss J. L. Devine,
Primary,
9 Beach St.
1884
342
Milford High School.
Miss E. E. Wilson,
Franklin St.
1887
342
Fall River High School and Training.
.
1863
468
Milford High School.
Miss L. Smith,
..
Pearl St.
1882
342
Milford High School & Framingham Normal.
Miss K. McNamara,
Central St.
1879
342
Milford High School & Framingham Normal.
25
Miss K. Chapin,
=
Highland Square.
1869
342
Milford High School.
Miss A. M. Plunkett,
Medford,
Sumner St.
1887
342
Salem Normal.
Miss S. E. Sheldon, .
Milford,
Franklin St.
1871
342
Milford High School.
Miss E. A. Devine,
.6
9 Beach St.
1881
342
Milford High School.
Miss L. Madden,
West St.
18S4
342
Milford High School.
Miss M. T. Kirby,
Pond St.
1883
342
Milford High School.
Miss S. E. Inman,
East St.
1884
342
Milford High School.
Miss A. A. Conroy,
North Purchase.
1884
396
Salem Normal.
Miss E. S. Rogers,
Grammar. Primary, Ungraded.
Holliston, Milford,
High St.
1887
342
Milford High School.
Miss M. L. Minon,
Carroll St.
1887
342
Milford High School.
Miss E. M. Waters,
Grant St.
1887
342
Milford High School.
Miss L. F. Hayward,
..
Reade St.
1887
342
Milford High School.
Miss J. F. McGann,
..
Hayward St.
1887
342
Milford High School.
Miss N. F. Gorman,
Main St.
1885
342
Milford High School.
Miss C. L. Snell,
Assistant,
Main St.
1887
4
St. Mary's School.
Miss B. J. McLaughlin,
4
St. Mary's School.
Miss B. F. Powers,
..
Grant St.
1887
4
Milford High School.
Miss M. B. Smith,
School St.
1887
10
Boston Normal Art School.
Mr. J. H. Wood
Drawing, Evening,
Melrose, Milford, 6.
Main St.
4 per night Dean Academy, Franklin.
Water St.
1887
1
Milford High School.
Miss N. M. Conely,
Claflin St.
1880
1700
Harvard College.
Miss M. 1. Parkhurst,
Hopedale.
1887
400
Framingham Normal School.
Mrs. K. E. Edwards,
15 Pine St.
1879
378
Milford High School & Framingham Nornal.
Miss S. R. Broderick,
. High St.
1877
342
Milford High School.
Miss A. B. Chapin,
Fall River, Milford,
174 Main St.
174 Main St.
1869
342
Milford High School.
Mrs. A. L. Bell',
Taylor St.
1868
342
Milford High School.
Miss H. A. Smith,
Summer St.
1887
$4 per week Milford High School.
Main St.
1887
Miss M. E. Whitney,
East Main St.
Miss M. E. Cochran,
TABLE III. ITEMIZED REPORT OF THE SCHOOLS FROM JAN. 1, 1887, TO JAN. 1, 1888.
SCHOOLS.
Grade.
Total Number
Belonging. Average Number
Average Daily
Per cent. of at.
tendance to No.
No. Half Days
Number Cases
Number Cases
Number Cares
Punishment.
Number Cases
Truancy.
Visits by
Visits by
Committee.
Visits by Others.
TEACHERS.
HIGH.
171
111.7
109.8
98
784
8.5
80
27
1
70
(H. W. Lull. M. A. Parkhurst. S. H. Leavens. ( Lucy Patrick.
NORTH GRAMMAR AND PRIMARY.
I & II III & IV V & VI
35
25.5 46.7
23.8 42 39 6
93.5 90 8.3 612 1176 1644 86.7 3400
164 189 182 277
24 90 59 13
7 20
5
1
12 20
Miss M. E. Cochran.
VII & VIII
97
79.3
68.8
6
Miss E. E. Wilson.
I
36
34
32.8
96.5 92.4 90 94
378 791 1189 1310
121 221
113 129
3
3
19
23
Miss E. O. Taylor.
I
32
27.7
27
97.7
48
23
3
22
19
Mrs. K. E. Edwards.
II
50
31.7
30
94.6
80.
30
10
1
19
1
31
Miss H. M. Broderick.
PARK GRAMMAR.
III
52
40
38
95
66
18
6
6
18
2
11
Miss S. R. Broderick.
IV
65
47.9
44.4
91
123
87
12
7
22
1
35
Miss I. L. Gay.
V
43
40
38
95 92
642 1327 1171
59 126 65 95
30 47
4
16
42
Miss A. B Chapin.
CLAFLIN.
VII
37
35.9
32.8
Miss K. McNamara.
VIII
67
53.7
47.3
2705
396 863
35
39
1
9
16 10
Miss E. S. Rogers. Miss M. L. Minon.
TOWN HOUSE.
V. VI VII & VIII
62 67
50.7 57.8
47.4 53.3
95.1 92.2
830 2335
155 75
19
2
1
26
1
90 210
Mrs. A. L Bell. Miss A. M. Plunkett.
26
61
.11
1
19
32
Mise C. V. Sadler.
II
41
32.7
30.2
69
85
24
2
20
Miss M. F. Aylward.
SOUTH GRAMMAR.
56
43
39.5
27
Miss M. J. Kelly.
IV
55
50
47
91.4 89
Miss K. Chapin.
NO. PURCHASE GRAM'R. NORTH PURCHASE PRIMARY.
I TO IV V TO VIII
33
24.6
38
31.6
23 29
93.4 91
97
12
5
11
1
18
Miss L. Smith.
VI
49
42.2
38.8
24
2
1
2
24
30
1
25
1
33
1
4
Miss J. L. Devine.
62
44.8
6
24
9 35
18
1
Miss M. F. Devine.
64
6
26 18
2
Superintendent.
Enrolled.
Attendance.
belonging.
Absence.
Tardiness.
Dismissal.
Corporal
47
2
25
5
2
23
327 746 1100 1275
24 1
CHAPIN STREET.
Iv, VI VII & VIII
48 89
42.8 72.6
40 64.6
93.6 88.5
993 2906
92 74
138 47
2 7
20 24
22 58
Miss S. E. Sheldon. Miss E. A. Devine.
WEST STREET.
V, VI VII & VIII
43
29 40
28.1 39.1
90.7 91.1
809 1268
55
16
3
15
36 46
Miss L. Madden. Miss M. T. Kirby.
FOUNTAIN STREET.
V to VIII
43
28.8
26.7
92 7
762 1037
48
27
10
27
Miss 8 E. Inman.
HOBOKEN.
VII & VIII
40
32.4
29.2
90
50
14
3
17
25
Miss A. A. Conroy.
SILVER HILL.
14
10.3
9.2
37
284
73
12
8
1
13
Miss E. M. Waters.
DEER BROOK.
13
13
11.8
470
4
11
BRAGGVILLE.
23
18.8
17.4
777
211
36
00
10
10
Miss H. A. Smith.
BEAR HILL.
15
12.5
11
88.7
513
9
10
1
1
9
6
Miss J. F. McGann.
CITY.
18
15
13
87.3
670
87
16
6
10
1
8
Miss N. F. Gorman.
EVENING.
55
49.7
47
6
6
2
13
UNGRADED
1
12
Miss L. F. Hayward.
90.5 92.6
Mr. J. H. Wood.
5
31
TABLE IV. GRADUATING EXERCISES OF THE
MILFORD HIGH SCHOOL,
1887.
Overture-Piano Solo, Lydia A. Roberts, '88
Chorus by the School-The Fisherman's Children.
Historian for First Year,
The Enchanted Land of Books,
Grace W. Eastman Lilian F. Hill *Grace J. Claflin
Declamation-"Home, Sweet Home,"
Francis J. Moriarty
Maps and What They Teach, t ( a. Across the Ocean.
Chorus by the School, 16. Never Resting.
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