USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Middleton > Town annual report of Middleton, MA. 1948 > Part 5
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ARTICLE 18. On petition of Elmer L. McIntire and twenty others to see if the Town will appropriate the sum of $1,505.90 for road work on Riverview Drive. To consist of ledge and loam removal and gravel fill.
Recommend the sum of $1,000.00 be raised and appropri- ated for highway work to be done on the accepted portion of Riverview Drive. This work to be done by the Highway Department.
ARTICLE 19. To see if the Town will vote to rescind the action taken under Article 21 of the annual Town Meeting of March 1946 appropriating the sum of $2,000 for a veterans' home- coming celebration.
Recommend that all action taken be rescinded on Article 21 of the annual Town Meeting of March 1946.
ARTICLE 20. To see if the Town will vote to appropriate the sum of $2,000 for the Old School Building alterations fund. Such money to be used as provided in Article 10 of the special Town Meeting of May 6th, 1947.
Recommended this Article be approved, provided a like sum of money has been released by favorable action on Article 19.
ARTICLE 21. To see if the Town will vote to provide that the Collector of Taxes shall collect under the title of Town Col- lector all accounts due the town.
103
RECOMMENDATIONS FINANCE COMMITTEE
Recommend a committee of five citizens of the Town be appointed by the Moderator, to investigate and advise appro- priate action be taken regarding the position of Town Collector and report their findings to the voters of the Town at the next Town Meeting.
ARTICLE 22. To see if the Town wishes to appoint a committee of five members, consisting of one each from the Board of Selectmen, School Committee, Planning Board, Finance Com- mittee and Parent-Teachers Association to consult and work with other towns regarding construction and operation of a Regional High School.
Recommend that the Moderator appoint a committee as requested by this Article.
ARTICLE 23. To see what action the Town wishes to take on the proposed Town By-Laws as submitted according to law, by the Planning Board.
Recommended that favorable action be taken on this Article.
ARTICLE 24. To see what action the Town wishes to take on the proposed Town Zoning Laws as submitted according to law by the Planning Board.
Recommended that favorable action be taken on this Article.
104
RECOMMENDATIONS FINANCE COMMITTEE
Schedule A Recommendations Under Article 4
Average Item Expended
Recom- mended
No. 1945-1947
1949
GENERAL GOVERNMENT -6.2% OF TOTAL
1
$ 50.00
$ 50.00
Moderator. 50.00
2
.
. .
SELECTMEN :
3
733.33
750.00
Salaries and Wages 750.00
Expense 300.00
5
700.00
700.00
Salaries and Wages 700.00
6
30.97
39.31
Expense
50.00
TREASURER:
7
700.00
700.00
Salaries and Wages
700.00
8
364.00
275.00
Expense .
400.00
9
395.66
503.85
Tax Title Expenses 350.00
COLLECTOR:
10
700.00
700.00
Salaries and Wages
700.00
11
326.64
385.00
Expense .
410.00
ASSESSORS:
Salaries and Wages
1,500.00
13
217.75
493.72
Expense
550.00
LAW:
14
300.00
300.00
Salaries and Wages 400.00
Expense . 400.00
TOWN CLERK:
16
400.00
400.00
Salaries and Wages
400.00
17
89.88
91.45
Expense .
88.00
ELECTIONS AND REGISTRATION :
18
126.66
220.00
Salaries and Wages
100.00
19
232.91
550.50
Expense .
150.00
20
36.20
Planning Board Expense
200.00
MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS:|
TOWN HALL
21
730.00
730.00
Salaries and Wages
730.00
22
1,204.64
805.39
Expense
S00.00
OLD SCHOOL
Salaries and Wages
200.00
24
91.00
253.95
Expense
525.00
25
$9,706.06
Total-Gen. Government
$10,463.00
12
1,400.00
1,500.00
15
73.75
00.00
TOWN ACCOUNTANT:
4
220.57
211.69
FINANCE OR ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Expense 10.00
10.00
Expended 1948
23
.
RECOMMENDATIONS FINANCE COMMITTEE
105
Average
Item Expended
Expended 1948
Recom- mended 1949
PROTECTION OF PERSONS AND PROPERTY-7.4% OF TOTAL POLICE:
26
$2,949.16
$3,550.00
Salaries and Wages
$3,925.00
27
986.91
2,645.45
Expense .
875.00
28
35.00
35.00
Constable-Salary 35.00
FIRE:
29
438.00
470.00
Salaries and Wages
745.00
30
3,574.72
3,463.27
Expense .
4,040.00
BUILDING INSPECTOR:
31
175.00
200.00
Salaries and Wages
200.00
32
. .
50.00
Expense
50.00
BOARD OF APPEALS:
33
00.00
00.00
Expense . 50.00
SEALER OF WEIGHTS & MEASURES:
34
125.00
125.00
Salaries and Wages 125.00
35
13.44
48.57
Expense .
75.00
FORESTRY :
36
1,028.83
1,199.66
Moth Expense .
1,400.00
37
555.43
898.68
Tree Warden Expense.
900.00
38
00.00
149.40
New Trees Expense .. .
150.00
39
12,835.03
Total-Protection of Persons & Property
$12,570.00
HEALTH AND SANITATION-2.7% OF TOTAL
40
1,684.10
1,257.86
Board of Health-Expense
1,400.00
41
216.35
500.00
Dental Clin .- Expense . . . 500.00
42
1,968.31
1,801.80
Essex Sanatorium-Expense
2,464.71
43
200.00
Inspector of Cattle-Salary
200.00
44
100.00
Inspector of Slaughtering- Salary.
100.00
45
$3,859.66
Total-Health & Sanitation
$4,664.71
HIGHWAYS-16.2% OF TOTAL
16
2,946.52
2,621.82
Road Machinery Account- (Transfer from Road Mach. Fund)
3,000.00
47
1,666.66
1,500.00
Highway Fund
3,500.00
48
4,766.66
4,800.00
Chapter 81 Maintenance
(See Art. 6) 4,800.00
49
2,966.66
1,750.00
Chapter 90 Construction
(See Art. 7)
2,000.00
No. 1945-1947
106
RECOMMENDATIONS FINANCE COMMITTEE
Average Item Expended No. 1945-1947
Expended 1948
Recom- mended 1949
50
733.33
1,000.00
Chapter 90 Maintenance (See Art. 8)
2,000.00
51
11,582.73
13,158.74
Snow Removal
7,500.00
52
00.00
78.67
Traffic and Xmas Tree Lights
100.00
53
2,416.66
2,500.00
Street Lights .
2,750.00
54
108.33
154.05
Land Takings-Essex Street .
00.00
55
465.81
1,999.98
Highway-Special
(See Art. 16, 17, & 18)
1,000.00
56
276.52
13,200.00
New Equipment.
00.00
57
1,190.68
00.00
Bridge-Special
00.00
58
$42,763.26
Total-Highway
$26,650.00
CHARITIES-21.3% OF TOTAL
GENERAL RELIEF:
59
$ 325.00
$ 325.00
Salaries and Wages
$ 325.00
60
2,762.25
5,658.85
Expense
6,000.00
OLD AGE ASSISTANCE:
61.
500.00
500.00
Administration
600.00
62
17,350.00
25,500.00
Expense
25,000.00
AID TO DEPENDENT CHILDREN:
63
40.47
26.98
Administration
00.00
64
2,091.60
5,000.00
Expense
4,000.00
65
$37,010.83
Total-Charities
$35,925.00
SOLDIERS' BENEFITS-1.3% OF TOTAL
VETERANS' SERVICES:
66
83.33
250.00
Salaries and Wages.
250.00
67
00.00
00.00
Expense
50.00
68
621.64
1,351.50
Soldiers' Relief Expense. . 2,000.00
69
$1,601.50
Total-Soldiers' Benefits
$2,300.00
SCHOOLS-34.7% OF TOTAL
70
19,479.66
28,067.53
Salaries and Wages .
30,900.00
71
22,039.16
25,401.53
Expense .
27,066.60
72
196.00
364.60
Vocational Educational
Expense
400.00
73
$53,833.66
Total-Schools
$58,366.60
.
RECOMMENDATIONS FINANCE COMMITTEE
107
Average Item Expended No. 1945-1947
Expended 1948
Recom- mended 1949
LIBRARIES-1.2% OF TOTAL
74
746.80
1,054.84
Salaries and Wages .
1,100.00
75
1,029.58
1,384.54
Expense-Plus Dog Tax (See Art. 10) 900.00
76
$2,439.38 Total-Libraries
$2,000.00
RECREATION -. 3% OF TOTAL
PARKS:
77
581.36
562.32
Expense
500.00
78
$562.32
Total-Recreation
$500.00
UNCLASSIFIED-3.7% OF TOTAL
79
338.53
441.91
Town Report .
550.00
80
324.10
371.16
Memorial Day
400.00
81
00.00
1,474.30
Retirement Fund
1,213.31
82
3,413.00
Old School Alteration
00.00
83
956.35
2,000.00
Reserve Fund
2,000.00
84
1,425.24
1,204.66
Insurance-Expense
1,285.00
85
$8,905.03
Total-Unclassified
$5,448.31
PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERPRISES
ELECTRIC LIGHT DEPARTMENT:
86
$100.00
$100.00
Wages-Auditor .
$100.00
87
150.00
300.00
Salaries (Commissioners to be $100.00 each) 300.00
88
1,035.24
2,448.25
Salaries & Wages-Clerk . .
2,400.00
89
10,903.14
12,082.55
Wages (Distrib. & Maint., Contr. & Street Lights. .
12,500.00
90
36,785.10
44,668.85
Expense-Energy
48,000.00
91
11,771.82
13,476.87
Expense-Maint. & Const ..
12,000.00
92
2,246.57
2,541.20
Expense-Depreciation Fund
2,666.93
93
$75,617.72
All to be taken from earnings of Dept.
$77,966.93
TOWN SCALES -. 08% OF TOTAL
94
35.42
50.00
Salaries and Wages
50.00
95
00.00
8.64
Expense
100.00
58.64
150.00
96
$75.676.36
Total-Public Service Enter- prises
$ 78,116.93
108
RECOMMENDATIONS FINANCE COMMITTEE
Average Item Expended No. 1945-1947
Expended 1948
Recem- mended 1949
CEMETERIES-1.7% OF TOTAL
97
25.00
30.00
Salaries (Supt. of Burials) .
30.00
98
60.00
60.00
Salaries (Commissioners -- Three)
60.00
99
394.70
148.22
Opening Graves Fund.
500.00
100
1,618.15
2,620.91
Expense-Maintenance
2,360.00
101
3,159.13
Total-Cemeteries
2,950.00
MATURING DEBT AND INTEREST-3.8% OF TOTAL
102
3,000.00
2,000.00
School Construction Note. .
2,000.00
103
00.00
2,000.00
Old School Alteration Note
2,000.00
104
00.00
00.00
Tractor Purchase Note ....
2,000.00
105
504.80
420.84
Interest
450.00
106
4,420.84
Total-Maturing Debt & Int.
6,450.00
107
$181,155.34
Total Recommendations
$168,437.62
REPORT
OF THE
MIDDLETON
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
1948
111
SCHOOL REPORT
SCHOOL REPORT
School Committee
DR. RAYMOND SILVERNAIL, Chairman Term Expires 1951 MRS. ALICE K. CASS, Secretary Term Expires 1950
MRS. ROSAMOND BASTABLE
Term Expires 1949
Supt. of Schools, STEPHEN G. BEAN, Wilmington, Mass. School Physician, LOIS ROGERS, M. D. Topsfield, Mass. School Nurse, MRS. RICHARD LEAVITT
Attendance Officer, MR. WILBUR RUNDLETT
TEACHING CORPS
MISS C. ALICE MANNING
Principal
MISS ETHEL MACK
Grade VIII.
MISS MARY T. MORGAN
Grade VII.
MISS MARIE S. FLATHERS
Grades VI.
MISS FANNIE HINCKLEY
Grade V.
MRS. VILLA LAVORGNA
Grade IV.
MISS ALICE FLYNN
Grade III.
MISS MARY SHINNICK
Grade II.
MISS JEAN SHINNICK
Grade I and II.
MISS CATHERINE DEVANE
Grade I.
MRS. CAMILLE T. LACEY, Supervisor of Music
MRS. JOHN FIELD, Supervisor of Art
MR. CHARLES CLINCH, Janitor
112
SCHOOL REPORT
School Calendar 1949
January 5 to April 18
VACATION ONE WEEK
April 25
to June 9
SUMMER VACATION-10 Weeks
September 8 to
noon December 24
16 Weeks
VACATION
School commences January 3, 1950
HOLIDAYS
February 22
Good Friday April 19 May 30
October 12 November 11 November 27 and 28
No School Signal
Two Blows on Fire Alarm at 7.45 o'clock A. M.
Two Blows on Whistle at the Blacking Factory at 7.45 o'clock A. M.
113
SCHOOL REPORT
SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT
To the School Committee
Mesdames and Sir:
I have the honor of presenting below my twenty-fifth annual report as Superintendent of Schools in this town. In that period I have helped guide the growth of the school system from a com- fortably filled four room wooden structure to an overcrowded eight room modern schoolhouse. I have seen seventeen classes enter and finish the eight grades and can see in the classrooms today the children of many whom I knew formerly as pupils. Such an ex- perience gives an insight into local characteristics which is price- less in evaluating the elements of problems which arise in con- nection with the school department.
Public school teachers, supervisors and superintendents occupy a most unusual position in comparison with other professionals. Theirs is the only profession in which the practitioner is not per- mitted to know his job better than the general public. A doctor, lawyer, priest or dentist renders judgment on a case and nobody presumes to question it. The probable answer is that the educa- tional profession is, except for private schools, supported by taxa- tion and therefore regarded in the light of servants of the public. As long as this attitude persists we cannot expect young people to enter this most important profession.
More and more candidates for teaching must be prepared by our teacher training institutions or schools are going to be closed in many places. If we have more teachers we will need more rooms in many communities. Below I introduce two quotations which will bear more weight than my own words.
Dr. John R. Steelman, speaking before the Southern Governors' Conference at Savannah, Georgia, on December 13, 1948, said in part:
"Our children are facing a tremendously complex world. Seri- ous economic and social problems inside and outside our country require solution. The best possible training and education will be needed to enable them to achieve peace and happiness.
"At the present time we are having an extraordinary increase in the number of children reaching school age, as the result of the high birth rate in recent years.
114
SCHOOL REPORT
"Two other major difficulties facing elementary and secondary education need to be considered by both federal and state govern- ments. One is the problem of attracting and holding enough com- petent teachers. The other is the question of replacement and new construction of school buildings.
"Both of these problems force us to face the hard facts of government finance. To recruit more and better teachers, we must pay them salaries that come somewhere near meeting the competi- tion of jobs in private industry and in other types of government service. To repair and build schools requires a heavy investment of funds particularly in view of the present high construction and maintenance costs."
From the December 17th issue of the NEA News, a publication of the National Educational Association, the following is quoted:
"Leading citizens, newspapers, magazines, and radio stations began about 1945 to inform the American people of the school crisis. Their activities and those of teachers' associations and parents groups produced significant state legislative action in 1946, 1947 and 1948. Many communities voted increased revenues, re- moved tax limitations, and improved the assessment of property.
"While these increases in school revenues and other school im- provements were often remarkable achievements, their effective- · ness in removing long-standing deficits have been impaired be- cause: (1) they came after great damage had taken place in the public schools; (2) they did not take into account the lag, during the war years, in normal maintenance and purchasing of buildings and equipment; and (3) they did not provide for the potential in- crease in school enrollments; and (4) they did not offset the de- clining purchasing power of the dollar.
"It is a serious problem to consider what the situation will be in most states when the present high level of elementary-school enrollments reaches the secondary schools. Frantic efforts today, and in the next few years, to meet the elementary-school situation may make it virtually impossible for local-school districts to anticipate the building needs of secondary schools, which will be- come increasingly acute about 1960."
One paragraph from the Kiplinger Letter, a weekly publica- tion for business men, says :
"This community may be underestimating the future school load, especially in 1st to 8th grades. Most communities are under-
115
SCHOOL REPORT
estimating, because they don't quite look the birth rate full in the face. Take a fresh look at the birth rate - in the past - and now. Normal birth rate prewar was about 18 - that many babies born per 1000 of population - except depression years, when fewer were born. Then war - more marriages, more births and step up in the rate to 20, 21 per 1000 and there the birth rate hovered through the war. Then peace again, and the men came home, and the rate shot up -- in 1946 to 23.3 - in 1947 to 26.2. So last year, 1947, was all-time high. This year, 24 estimated - lower than last year, but still high. Next year, 21 estimated - lower than this year, but still high. See the wave of babies - 1941 through 1946 - the wave of the 40's. As the years pass, this wave will roll along through the grade schools, then the high schools, then the colleges -- and out into working life. It is sta- tistical - no guess work about it."
Middleton is definitely faced with this common problem. We need more rooms to carry on our work satisfactorily now. The future here will be no different from that throughout the nation. No better evidence is needed than the number in the present first three grades. We can expect a large entering class next fall and for several years in the future. This takes no account of what may happen in the movement of pupils from other communities.
An increase in the number of teachers and of school rooms means an increase in the cost of schools. Most communities are already feeling the pressure of increases in taxation already. In small towns this burden is usually carried by the real estate tax. In time this burden will become unbearable. In recognition of this fact the last session of the legislature passed an amendment to Chapter 70 of the General Laws Relating to Education known as Chapter 643 of the Acts of 1948.
Section I of this act states its purpose, "To promote the equalization of educational opportunity in public schools of the Commonwealth and the equalization of the burden of the cost of schools to the respective towns, the state treasurer shall pay an- nually to the several towns sums as provided in this chapter, which sums shall be known as school aid."
Distribution of this aid is based on a formula as follows: Number of children between 7 and 16 years x $130.00 Less $6 per $1000 of equalized valuation
50% of this difference is paid into general treasury.
116
SCHOOL REPORT
For Middleton this works out as follows:
Children 7 to 16 - 345 x $130 $44,850.00
.006 x $2,430,234 14,598.13
Difference $30,251.87
50% of above $15,125.93
In many towns the major part of this sum would be additional revenue, but in Middleton the increase over reimbursements in previous years is not great. The reason for this is the fact that this town was already receiving much more money in reimburse- ments than most. Last year these receipts were approximately as follows:
Pt. I - Income tax on a/c of teachers $ 2,896.00
Pt. II - General School Fund 1,042.44
High School Tuition 7,540.00
Total $11,478.44
The net increase to the town is
Ch. 70 payable November 1949 $15,125.93
Receipts 1948 11,478.44
Net gain $ 3,647.49
These figures do not include the reimbursement for transpor- tation. This amount comes from another chapter in the laws. Last year it should have been about $1783 and for the school year 1948-1949 it will not be greatly different.
THE SCHOOL CALENDAR
Our customary method of dividing the school year into periods which seemed best suited to the physical stamina of the pupils and the nervous welfare of teachers has been completely upset in an endeavor to keep in line with the vacation periods set for the Danvers schools. This was done to reduce the hardship on mothers who have children in both high and elementary schools as well as to accommodate the holder of the school bus contract. The calen- dar as printed in this report is subject to the whim of the Danvers system. The advisability of two long terms in succession is open to question.
ENROLLMENT
A comparison of enrollment figures for last year's report with those in this current issue are deceptive if not analyzed. The total enrollment last year on October 1 was 326 while this year on that
·
117
SCHOOL REPORT
same date there were but 320. The cause of this loss lies in the difference in membership of the eighth grades in these two years. Last year there were two divisions of the eighth grade which to- taled 51 pupils. This year there are but 28 in this grade. Leaving this grade out of consideration there has been an actual increase in numbers this year. For example, in the first four grades this year there are 12 more pupils than at the same time last year. This is the beginning of the wave mentioned earlier in the report as resulting from the increased birth rate. This will continue for two or three years more. This means that the wave which has already started will roll up through the grades until we shall have classes of from forty-five to fifty pupils on each grade level. In this present building such classes cannot be seated legally, to say nothing of being taught efficiently. The solution to the problem is naturally increased accommodations. To use a hackneyed phrase of current popularity, "time is of the essence" - we can't delay too long, if at all. More rooms are needed at once. It takes time to build them, not to mention the even greater time required to get the sanction of the voters to proceed.
HOW MUCH MORE ROOM?
The Howe-Manning school as it now stands was constructed to accommodate 315 pupils in nine rooms of 35 each. This is their maximum legal seating capacity. For best results, however, no class should exceed 30, and in the first grades 25 should be the maximum. On this basis there is a surplus school population of 60, enough to form two good classes. Moreover, the building was planned to provide indoor play space for children on stormy days. This room is now the cafeteria, a very necessary adjunct to any school where so many children are dependent upon transportation. This same room might have served as an area for indoor physical education had it remained available. Any plan for building should consider this need. There will also be need, as the school grows in numbers, for room for the special class or classes. Such classes cannot number more than eighteen, but space must be allowed for the various types of manual arts apparatus such as benches, looms, sewing machines and the like. With proper planning these rooms might well be used for training in manual arts in the regular classes, especially in the upper grades.
As stated above we could now use two more rooms. This does not tell the whole story for that time when there will be forty-five or more pupils in every grade. Then the probable needs will be for at least 100 more seats. This means at least three more rooms. This added to the two already showed as the desirable
118
SCHOOL REPORT
condition would mean five more classrooms. These would be for regular classes only. Such a building project would not be a matter of adding several more classrooms. Consideration should be given at the same time for a ground floor combined gymnasium and auditorium which could be entered without passing through the main school building.
THE TEACHER PROBLEM
As indicated in an earlier paragraph, an increase in the number of classrooms will mean an increase in the number of teachers required. Unless conditions change remarkably within the next two years it will be very difficult for us to secure teachers at the present salary rate for the first year of our schedule. I am told that the majority of the graduates from the teachers' colleges this year are being offered $2400 and more in neighboring states. We know also that several of the present staff are well up on the eligibility lists of neighboring cities.
The teacher turnover during the year was over 33%. In any business the loss of a third of the key men in the organization would be considered disastrous. We take it in stride. It is no easy task for the school authorities to fill these vacancies because of the competition of the cities and rich towns. Our only salva- tion is to meet this competition. It is vain to believe that teacher costs will ever return to anything like the low level of a few years ago. One can readily sympathize with the owner of real estate in , his wonder as to where all of the money is coming from. He cannot bear much more tax burden.
Perhaps the answer to this situation lies in a new bill now in the Great and General Court known as House 130. This bill would provide new and additional aid to needy towns. By its pro- visions Middleton would receive $16,000 from the state treasury for aid to education. This bill may be worthy of active local support.
CONCLUSION
I take this opportunity to express my appreciation for the members of the teaching staff and of the School Committee who have cooperated in the endeavor to maintain the excellent standing and standards which have always been characteristic of our school system.
Respectfully submitted, STEPHEN G. BEAN,
Superintendent of Schools.
Wilmington, Mass.
ENROLLMENT STATISTICS-Table No. 1
Age-Grade Distribution-Registration October 1, 1948
Grades
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
T
I.
-
11
34
2
1
47
II.
-
8
35
4
1
48
III. -
5
25
11
2
2
45
IV. -
6
22
6
5
1
3
43
V.
-
7
18
9
2
3
39
VI. -
12
12
8
1
2
35
VII. -
6
12
11
3
3
35
VIII
3
11
8
5
1
28
Total
11
42
42
35
40
27
34
30
36
12
10
1
320
SCHOOL REPORT
[19
120
SCHOOL REPORT
Table No. 2 Teacher-Grade Distribution October 1, 1948
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
Tot.
Miss Devane - -
35
35
Miss J. Shinnick -
12
18
30
Miss M. Shinnick -
30
30
Miss Flynn
45
45
Mrs. La Vorgna
43
43
Miss Hinckley
39
39
Miss Flathers
35
35
Miss Morgan
35
35
Miss Mack
28
28
Total
47
48
45
43
39
35
35
28
320
SCHOOL CENSUS October 1, 1949
5-7
7-16
Total
Boys
46
191
237
Girls
48
154
202
Total
94
345
439
Less than 1 year
17
1 to 2 years
56
2 to 3 years
37
3 to 4 years
33
4 to 5 years
38
121
SCHOOL REPORT
REPORT OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE
The School Committee of Middleton wishes to submit its an- nual report to the citizens and taxpayers.
There has been a marked increase in the lower grades pupil enrollment this year and now, although the new school is but twelve years old, we are at the present time experiencing an overcrowded situation. Additional class rooms added to our present building would alleviate this condition but this solution would incur tre- mendous expense to the taxpayers and would take considerable time to accomplish. Until more room is available the classes will necessarily be large ones with little chance for individual instruc- tion.
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