USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Swampscott > Town annual report of Swampscott 1919 > Part 9
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Dental Clinic
The school nurse presents a most deplorable condition of the teeth of. Swampscott school children. She says that there is a large amount of this that is due to the lack of means among parents to have the teeth properly attended to. It seems to me that this con- dition warrants investigation, and with the consent of the school committee I shall ask a number of dentists to make an investiga- tion of the teeth of school children to determine the actual situation in facts and figures. Then, if the situation warrants, I shall recom- mend that an article be inserted in the warrant for the annual meet- ing, that sufficient money be appropriated for the establishment and maintenace of a dental clinic under the direction of the School De- partment. If this is voted by the town, the clinic will be established in one of the rooms at the Hadley school building, properly fitted up. A number of dentists will be employed at stated hours twice during each week. The estimated cost of the clinic for the fiscal year will be $1800.
Costs
Following my custom, I give a number of statements as to the cost of our schools from different angles. In comparing, note that these figures are for the fiscal year ending in December, while 'all
92
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
other figures are for the school year ending in June. Average mem- bership:
1918 1350
1919
1395
Increase 43
Per cent of Increase 3.2
Amount expended for schools:
1918
1919
Increase
Per cent of Increase
$66,334 91
$70,706 29
$4,371 38
6.6
Total cost per unit of average membership:
1918 $49 13
1919 $50 75
Increase $1 62
Per cent of Increase
3.3
1918
1919
Increase
Per cent of Increase
$42 85
$50 75
$7. 90
18.4
In view of the increased cost in material, I think that we might point with satisfaction to keeping the per capita cost at a low figure.
We hear a great deal these days about the increased cost of all commodities. I wonder if an increase of 18.4% as the Increase since 1915 in the cost of education in Swampscott can be considered a good record for the administration? In one sense it must be so considered, but in another sense it cannot be. If the cost of every commodity advances, for instance, 80% in four years, and the cost of education advanced only 18.4%, then something is unproportional, or there has been great waste in previous years. Careful accounting in past years precludes the possibility of waste to this extent. It is well understood why the cost of education or the cost of government in Swampscott has not advanced as fast as it should considering the condition of the times. The low salary paid here is the only answer.
In appendix D the only point to which attention might well be called is the fact that there is a marked difference in the per capita cost in the towns given. These towns are not picked out for this purpose this year, but are towns for which statistics have been given. in my reports for the last four or five years. Swampscott and Lex- ington are both approximately the same, a little over $47, and they range from $13 to $24 less per pupil than the other towns.
Appendices
Several appendices appear at the close of this report that vary somewhat from recent years. Hereafter, in the statistics for the annual report, the Hadley school will be separated into its two sep- arate parts. That is, the Hadley elementary school and the Junior high school. As these are now under separate administration, the statistics should be given accordingly. In Appendix A, I give two enrollments as "new" basis and "old" basis. The practise under the "old" basis was to count every person who entered for any length
93
SCHOOL COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
1919]
of time in any room in the system, regardless of the fact of his having been entered in other schools in the town previously. The "new" enrollment, which is a true figure without inflation, consists of each person who has been in our schools, counted but once, not- withstanding the changes that he may have made in transferring from various schools or rooms within the town.
In Appendix D, the usual number of columns of figures is not given; they have not yet been published by the State. The essen- tial columns that I have given were received from the state office over the telephone.
Conclusion
There is one thing of which I have been particularly conscious while writing this report. I have not gone to the task feeling that I must delve into educational theory and practise elsewhere to "cook up" something to experiment with on the children of Swampscott. All these problems on which we are working and which have been covered in this report, comes to me from Swampscott children and their parents. During the last year from one to fifty citizens have spoken to me concerning some or all of these problems, and I en- deavor to interpret the point of view of a large number of citizens in the attitude that I take on our school policies.
And my experience with you as a committee during the last eight years, leads me to feel that we are in accord on the position that we take, working shoulder to shoulder with the public. And to you as a committee, I want to express my thanks for your support during these years and for the fellowship which you have made possible.
Respectfully submitted,
W. M. WHITMAN.
Superintendent of Schools.
94
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
APPENDIX A Census and Attendance Statistics
School Year, September, 1918, to June, 1919.
Number of boys 5 years of age or over and under 16 675
Number of girls 5 years of age or over and under 16 656
Total
1,331
Number of boys 5 years of age or over and under 7 77
Number of girls 5 years of age or over and under 7 89
Total 166
Number of boys 7 years of age or over and under 14 489
Number of girls 7 years of age or over and under 14 456
Total 945
Number of boys 14 years of age or over and under 16
109
Number of girls 14 years of age or over and under 16 111
1 Total 220
Total Enrollment in the schools (old basis) 1,536
Total Enrollment in the schools (new basis) 1,432
High School enrollment 215
Junior High School Enrollment 348
Elementary School Enrollment 869
Average Membership 1,401
Average daily attendance 1,218
Per cent. of attendance 87.
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SCHOOL COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
1919]
APPENDIX B School Attendance, Fall Term, 1919 All Schools
Avearge Membership
Average Attendance
Per cent of Attendance
September
1,432
1,375
95.5
October
1,467
1,388
94.9
November
1,469
1,308
92.1
December
1,462
1,330
91.6
The normal distribution of membership among the several schools was as follows, showing comparison with Fall Term, 1918:
1918
1919
Variation
Per Cent. Variation
High
205
214
+ 9
+ 4.4
Hadley
571
289
+82
+14.3
Junior High School
364
Clarke
309
324
+15
+ 4.8
Machon
163
170
+
+ 4.3
Palmer
125
130
+ 5
+ 4.0
96
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
APPENDIX C Attendance Officer's Report
To the Superintendent of Schools:
I herewith submit my report from January 1, 1919 to December 31, 1919.
ABSENTEES
Jaunary
February
March
April
May
June
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
Complaints received .
19
9
19
26
24
9
18
12
23
19
178
Visits made .
20
9
24
29
28
9
21
14
23
25
202
Cases of truancy
2
2
3
1
4
1
8
6
6
4
37
Inexcusable absences
2
0
2
9
8
4
2
2
6
7
42
Apprehended on street .
5
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
2
2
14
Enforcement of labor law.
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
3
Cases reported to Supt. of Schools.
3
0
5
1
0
0
2
5
3
3
22
Cases reported to School Nurse
1
1
1
2
3
0
0
0
3
0
11
Absent on account of inefficient clothing
4
2
1
3
1
2
2
0
2
2
19
Absent on account of sickness
5
3
11
12
11
2
6
3
9
2
64
Respectfully submitted,
C. WALTER BURRILL,
Attendance Officer.
1919]
APPENDIX D
: #0 5. 1
Comparison of the Cost of Swampscott Schools with Other Towns, 1918-1919.
This classification of towns is taken from the Report of the State Board of Education and based on similiarity in size and valuation.
TOWN
Population 1915
Valuation April 1, 1917
Average Membership
Total Amount Available for Support of Schools
Cost per Pupil from total Expenditures
Cost per Pupil from total Expenditures 1918
Cost per Pupil in High School
Milton
8,600
$17,834,603
1,460
$102,604.09
$70.32
$67.11
$78.85
Wellesley . . .
6,439
14,484,084
1,083
76,462.81
70.60
70.81
109.99
Lexington .
5,838
8,490,202
1,277
60,144.35
47.10
45.29
80.08
Winchester . . .
10,005
16,779,415
1,569
101,905.50
64.95
60.17
104.36
Barnstable. ...
4,995
8,099,650
816
49,357.14
60.49
52.72
122.30
Falmouth .....
3,917
6,935,790
715
51,428.02
71.93
76.99
152.72
Swampscott ...
7,345
13,142,603
1,401
66,334.91
47.35
49.25
70.99
Canton. ...
5,623
5,144,958
641
38,467.48
60.01
58.05
90.74
Hingham
5,264
6,851,371
879
52,808.27
60.08
59.39
87.41
.
.
..
SCHOOL COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
97
98
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
APPENDIX E
GRADUATING EXERCISES
of the
SWAMPSCOTT HIGH SCHOOL
Class of 1919
Labor Omnia Vincit
Thursday, June 26, 1919 At 8 P. M.
Hadley School Hall, Swampscott, Massachusetts
PROGRAM
1. "The Star Spangled Banner"
2. Salutatory-"The Needs of Americanization" Winnefred Mamsey Powers
3. Chorus-"Defend America" Hadley
4. Essay: "Methods in Americanization" Robert Harry Henderson
5. Soprano Solo-"April Morn" Batten
6. Essay -- "The Progress of Woman" Grace Elizabeth Lowe
7. Chorus -- "Barbara Frietchie"
8. Addresses by Swampscott High School Alumni Walter A. Brennan H. Allen Durkee Charles V. Sidell Frank Blaney
9. Valedictory -- "Americanizing Americans"
Jessie Rogers
99
10. Presentation of Diplomas
Rev. Edward Tillotson Chairman of the School Committee
11. Presentation of the Phillips Medals Principal George W. Low
1.2. Class Song
DIPLOMAS
Janet Florence Allen Lillian Maude Baker
Lila Velma Beadle Frank Irwin Bickford
Edith Gordon Blaney
Marion Nora McNichol
Minnie Evelyn Blocksidge
Elizabeth Augusta Brewer Esther Louise Burk
Richard Jackson Chapin
Stuart Sprague Davis Sarah Alice Delano
Cecilia Augusta Doane
John Madson O'Keefe Winnefred Mamsey Powers
Kathleen Doane
Caroline Eastman
Harold Earl Randall
Ruth Adele Flagg
Russell Edward Randall
Eleanor Phillips Gardner
Jessie Rogers
Norman Meade Gay
William Dennison Rowe
Walter Scott Gay, Jr.
Madeleine Winnefred Stevens
Harry Montford Goodwin
Evelyn Stillings
Elmore Randall Gorham
William Ernest Stone
Ethel Louise Graves
Ada Ruth Stover
Ethel Louise Harlow
Mildred Rhoda Strong
Robert Harry Henderson Alice Mabel Hoar
Charles Edward Watts Alexander Brokaw Way, Jr.
Maurice Weinstein
Laurence Osborn Witter
Marion Constance Woodward
Grace Crowell Hutchinson
Leah Helen Wright
Herbert Archie Wyman, Jr.
Margaret Mary Yasi
Ralph Henry Illingworth Beulah Ann Johnson
Elsie Theadora Juel
William Kenneth Kehoe
Robert Leawood Grace Elizabeth Lowe
Theodore Philip McNichol Catherine Louise Maitland John Arthur Maitland Benjamin Malcolm Martin Lillian Pearl Morse Paul Standish Newcomb
Arthur Ellsworth Hodgdon
Kathleen Marie Holland
Rose Rawson Howe
SCHOOL COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
1919]
100
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
CLASS SONG
All together, loyal ever, Toil we with a will; Firm, endeavor now and ever Our motto to fulfill.
Youth is fleeing, always seeing The school, our guardian, still; Glad our hearts, our voices gay To her we tribute pay.
Chorus
Give three cheers for Swampscott High, And now three cheers for nineteen; Cheer our colors gold and blue, The colors that are true.
Guiding motto, "Labor omnia vincit," Lead us forth to win the day; And keep us true to dear old Swampscott High And the class of nineteen.
Hope and sadness, pain and gladness, Await us as we go. Striving onward, ever fearless,
Shall we defeat the foe. True and faithful, always grateful, Our praises we bestow. Glad our hearts, our voices gay, Our school we tribute pay.
Words and music by Minnie E. Blocksidge, '19
101
SCHOOL COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
1919]
APPENDIX F
Outline of course in Salesmanship by the Lynn Chamber of Commerce
Lesson I
Discussion of meaning of salesmanship.
Responsibility of position of sales person.
A. Take place of firm in meeting customers.
B. Maintain reputation of store.
C. Give standards of service for new people entering employ of store.
D. Build up reputation of store for honest representation of mer- chandise.
E. Sales person makes original record of all business.
F. Maintain dignity of profession of selling.
Lesson II
Salesmanship-giving service to every customer who comes into the store.
Service to customer begins by --- Approaching customer.
How should you receive your customer ?
A. Being a hostess in the store the sales person should welcome customer by-
1. Personal appearance.
2. Tone of voice.
3. Facial expression inspired by right feeling.
4. Good manners.
Expressions used in approaching customer. Discussion.
Purpose of these expressions.
Means of strengthening approach.
A. Being able to address customer by name.
B. Knowing customer's peculiar interests.
C. Knowing peculiarities of customer's build. Importance of. approach.
First impression.
Lesson III
Demonstration sale.
102
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
Lesson IV
Reason for stress upon the importance of approach to customer.
Discussion of personal feeling when a sales person has lacked in- terest in you or has been over anxious to serve you.
Effect of poor approach upon-
A. Customer.
B. Store.
C. Sales person.
Result of good approach.
A. On customers.
Feels at home in store and with you, therefore mind free to consider merchandise.
B. On store.
Holds old trade and builds up new through satisfied cus- tomers.
C. On sales person.
1. Customer often buys more than intended to.
2. Customer returns to you and sends her friends. Last part of approach to customer is showing merchandise.
Meaning of term "Talking up merchandise."
A. To explain points about the merchandise.
B. Object: To interest customer and make her desire to possess the things shown.
C. To increase salability.
Lesson V
Points which a sales person needs to know in order to be able to talk up her merchandise.
A. Quality of material ..
B. Durability.
C. Laundering qualities.
1. Directions for washing materials.
D. Color.
1. Becomingness.
2. Appropriateness for purpose.
3. Popularity.
E. Style.
1. Suitability to figure.
2. Suitability for use.
3. Extreme or conservative.
4. Reproduction of imported or American.
F. Workmanship.
Hand or machine made.
2. Finish.
G. Labels.
Meaning and significance of labels and trade names. Consumers' League.
"Onyx."
103
SCHOOL COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
1919]
Lesson VI
Demonstration sale.
Handling more than one customer at a time.
Lesson VII
Special facts about merchandise which will interest customers.
A. History of the article.
Where and when manufactured.
B. Process in manufacture.
C. Names of material and why so named.
D. Advance of fashion features.
As knowledge of merchandise is essential in selling it, where can you gain such knowledge?
A. From buyers, assistant buyers, and floor managers.
B. From other sales people.
C. From customers.
D. From personal experience.
E. Trade magazines.
F. Advertisements.
G. Store windows.
Aids in talking up merchandise.
Ability to use descriptive adjectives. Discussion of expressions used. Work out list of adjectives.
Lesson VIII
Suggestive selling.
Advantage to store; merchandise which may be suggested when consumer buys articles, such as a suit, etc.
Substitution in merchandise.
Why necessary ?
Value of honesty.
Attitude toward-
A. Customer returning merchandise.
B. Customer who wants samples.
C. Customer who desires to look further before deciding.
D. Customer who wishes to be directed.
E. Customer having some deformity.
F. Aged customer.
G. Timid customer.
H. Child sent to do errand.
I. Customer who comes at closing time.
Lesson IX
Demonstration sale. .
104
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
Lesson X.
Closing the sale commences when customer shows preference. Analysis of the closing.
Narrowing the sale.
Why are sales lost?
A. Too much merchandise shown.
B. Too little merchandise shown.
C. Wrong talking points used.
D. Too much talking.
E. Stock in poor condition.
F. Indifference of sales person.
G. Interruption.
Study your lost sales, also your successful ones. Sales slip.
Making out.
Method of verifying address.
Courtesy after sale is completed.
A. Do not lose interest.
B. Entertain her while she is waiting for change and purchase.
C. Assist in putting on wraps.
D. Thank customer.
Importance of successful closing of a sale.
A. To store.
B. To sales person.
C. To customer.
105
SCHOOL COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
1919]
APPENDIX G
School Directory School Telephones
Clarke
2127
Hadley
2067
High 2574
Machon
4858
Palmer
1954
TEACHERS
High School
Leighton S. Thompson, Principal
Nellie L. Hadley, 19 Andrew road
E. J. Butler
Dorothy L. Odell 149 Paradise road
Louise Hannon 108 Thurston Street, Somerville, Mass.
Harriet M. Dillon 95 Banks road
.
A. Lillian Hideout 15 Farragut road
Roy Walch 25 Cedar Hill terrace
Maebelle Adams 117 Paradise road
Marguerite Young Peabody, Mass.
Carrie J. Fish 121 Norfolk avenue
Junior High School
Marion H. Collyer, Assistant 169 Humphrey street
R. Lawrence McGuffin 18 Averill street, East Lynn
Mrs. C. H. Doe 1 Reed street
Margaret Thompson
169 Paradise road
Martha Hannon
108 Thurston street, Somerville, Mass.
Alice Durgin 45 Pleasant street
Frances Connolly
220 Parkway, Chelsea, Mass.
Beatrice L. Cook
42 Collins street
Jean G. Allan
29 Outlook road
Pauline Flagg 978 Humphrey street
169 Humphrey street Mary Ireland
Hadley Elementary
Marion F. Newcomb, Assistant. III
60 Greenwood avenue
Margaret Durgin, VI
45 Pleasant street
Amy Fenwick, V 255 Burrill street
Mabel F. Verry, IV 107A Cross street, Somerville, Mass.
Grace E. Fuller. II 126 Bellevue road, Lynn, Mass.
Mabell I. Colby, I 67 New Park street, Lynn, Mass. Frances A. Gould, Coach Teacher, 7 Nichols street, Danvers
106
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
Clarke School
Blanche E. Doyle, Principal 149 Humphrey street
Sarah Bucknam, VI
114 Norfolk avenue
Isabel DeLory, IV 84 Greenwood avenue
Emma S. Parker, I, Assistant 68 New Ocean street
Edith Farnum, III 1.33 Norfolk avenue
Marjorie Ormes, L.I 254 Burrill street
Mabel Knight, V 43 Norfolk avenue
E. Jennie Owen, V 86 Norfolk avenue
Anna F. Willey, I 56 Rockland street
Machon School
Alice O. Quinn, Principal, IV 47 Hillside avenue
Grace E. Howard, III 40 Perley street, Lynn, Mass.
Elizabeth Williams, II -4 Chapman street, Lynn, Mass.
Dorothy B. Cormack, I 36 Lyman street, Lynn, Mass.
Palmer School
Louise C. Stanley, Principal, II and III 149 Humphrey street
Gladys Mitchell, IV and V 48 Lowell street, Lynn, Mass.
Jessie C. Martin, I
5 Elmwood road
Supervisors
Robert Gibbs East Dedham, Mass.
Helen Warren
11 Outlook road
Lulu M. Dix 121 Norfolk avenue
S. Perry Congdon 4I Thomas road
Charles Cuddy Hamilton, Mass.
Janitors
Fred W. Wardwell, High 23 Ingalls terrace
Leverett Holder. Hadley 19 Elmwood road
Iber Chapman, Clarke 30 Blaney street
Abram Stone, Machon 84 Pine street
Arthur McNamara 802 Humphrey street
School Physicians
Dr. Ralph E. Ricknell High
Dr. Loring Grimes Clarke
Dr. Howard K. Glidden Hadley
Dr. Harry M. Lowd Machon
Dr. Francis G. Rowley Palmer
Attendance Officer
263 Burrill street
Charles W. Burrill
1919]
CHIEF OF POLICE REPORT.
107
Report of Chief of Police
To the Board of Selectmen:
Gentlemen,-Herewith I submit the annual report of the police de- partment for the year ending December 31, 1919.
Arrested or summoned to appear in court for the following offences:
Males
138
Females
4
Arson
2
Assault and battery
8
Assault with intent to rape
1
Breaking and entering
8
Dangerous weapon
2
Drunkenness
8
For officers of other places
56
Insane
2
Larceny
10
Non-support of children
1
Manslaughter
3
Stubborn child
1
Trespass
3
Track walking
5
Violating automobile law
28
Violating automobile law (intoxicated)
4
142
Disposition of cases in court :
Committed to State Hospital (Danvers)
2
Delivered to other officers
56
Fined and paid
16
Discharged by court
7
Filed on payment of cost
19
Placed on file
23
Placed on Probation
6
Released by Probation Officer
3
Sent to Superior court
10
142
Disposition of cases in Superior court :
Sentence to States Prison
1
Sentence to House of Correction 1
142
108
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
Placed on probation 6
Cases pending
2
Miscellaneous Work
Accidents and assistance rendered 99
Assisted other officers 38
Ambulance calls for sickness and accidents 158
Ambulance responded to fire alarms
25
Buildings found open and secured 56
Bicycles reported lost .. 5
Bicycles returned to owners
3
Complaints
347
Cases of larceny reported
23
Cases of breaking and larceny reported
28
Defective streets and sidewalks
19
Dogs returned to owners or dog officer
32
Intoxicated persons assisted home
3
Lost children found and returned
22
Lights furnished for dangerous places
27
Lights reported out in streets.
98
Lights found burning in buildings
12
Miscellaneous reports
128
Poles and trees reported on fire
12
Water and gas leaks reported
4
Wires reported down
7
Value of property reported lost or stolen
$4,965
Value of property recovered and returned $3,459
The present police station is in a deplorable condition. The heat- ing apparatus is burnt out, the shingles should be renewed in order to prevent further storm damage, the building needs painting both inside and out; in fact, the building needs a thorough overhauling. There is no way of heating the garage and it is impossible to keep the ambulance there during the winter without possibility of serious damage and delay. Altogether the cost of repairs and the installation of heat in the garage would cost approximately $2000. I would re- spectfully invite the townspeople to visit the station and see if these repairs are not needed.
During the year 1919 there were 48,123 more motor vehicles lisensed in this state than in 1918, an increase of 25%. The increased regis- tration in other states was in about the same proportion. This in- creased registration adds greatly to our traffic, and there is great need for more traffic officers than we have had in the past. At the close of the year the Board of Selectmen added two men to the force, one of whom took the place of Patrolman Adelbert S. Hammond, who died Dec. 13, 1918. There is need for three more officers at the pre- sent time. In 1905 the force was made up of six officers, including the chief. At that time the population of the town was 5,141; valua- tion $8,147,627.00. Today, with a population estimated at over 8,000; valuation, $13,950,592.00, the force is made up of but nine officers in-
109
CHIEF OF POLICE REPORT.
1919]
cluding the chief. At that time there were practically no motor vehicles, and traffic was confined to horse drawn vehicles almost en- tirely.
As I have stated, the police station is in a deplorable condition. I would therefore recommend that a committee of seven be appointed to inspect the police station and report at the adjourned town meet- ing whether, in their opinion, a new station is needed, and if so, their suggestions concerning the same be accepted and appropriate money for the same.
Respectfully submitted, U. M. CORSON, Chief of Police.
Swampscott, Dec. 31, 1919.
110
TOWN DOCUMENTS.
[Dec. 31
Board of Fire Engineers' Report
To the Board of Selectmen:
The Board of Fire Engineers submits herewith its annual report for the year ending December 31, 1919.
The Board of Selectmen in April appointed H. C. Blaney, R. W. Lowe and J. S. Caldwell to serve as a Board of Fire Engineers for the ensuing year and who, upon May 1, organized with Mr. Blaney and Mr. Lowe as Chairman and Clerk respectively.
On assuming office we found the actual operation of the department in charge of Assistant Chief Kendrick, who was placed in control by the preceding Board of Engineers following the death of Chief Geo. P. Cahoon, on March 25, 1919.
The appointment as chief of the department was tendered to Assist- ant Chief Kendrick, who declined same, as he prefered to remain in his present position under the Civil Service, so James Warnock was appointed chief of the department and superintendent of the fire alarm system, he having served about seventeen years in various capacities in the department.
The manual strength of the department consists of 11 permanent men, 12 call men and 4 substitutes, divided and manning apparatus as follows:
Station Apparatus
Drivers
Captains
Call men
Subs
Headquarters:
American LaFrance auto,
combined pump and hose;
Cadillac service car ... ... American LaFrance auto, combined ladder truck
2
1
6
2
and chemical
1
1
6
2
Relief driver
1
Phillips Beach:
American LaFrance auto, combined hose and chem- ical; horse-drawn chem- ical in reserve
2
1
-
-
Total
6
3
12
4
The chief and assistant chief are located at headquarters' house.
111
FIRE ENGINEERS' REPORT.
1919]
The following changes have occured in the permanent force during the year. Walter A. Thomas, of Combination A, resigned as Captain in August, his position being filled by the appointment of F. T. J. McNamara. The board has felt ever since assuming office that the latter company should have a permanent Captain, and through the co-operation of Captain Sawyer and Lieutenant Jacobs, both call officers of the company, they agreed to step aside in the interests of the department, and the board accordingly appointed Walter M. Champion as permanent Captain and he was assigned to Combina- tion C.
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