USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > Plymouth > Town annual report of the officers of the town of Plymouth, Massachusetts for the year ending 1936 > Part 23
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RAINFALL-POND HEIGHTS-STORAGE
The rainfall for 1937 was 43.34" which was 2.79" below the average annual rainfall of 46.13" and 15.63" below the 1936 rainfall of 58.97".
The available storage in Great and Little South Ponds on January 1, 1937, was approximately 930 million gal- lons. The ponds continued to rise until in May, 1937, they reached an elevation of 107.4', the highest recorded ele- vation in a thirty-three year period of observation.
The resulting available storage volume was one billion gallons, equal to about two and a third years use of water by the Town.
On January 1, 1938, Great South Pond had dropped to elevation 106.2' and the storage to 880 million gallons.
HYDRANTS AND GATES
Inspection of hydrants and gates was carried on dur- ing 1937, as in former years, all being in excellent work- ing condition on December 31, 1937. During the year, all hydrants were painted.
ANALYSIS OF WATER
Samples of water from our source of supply were for- warded to the State Department of Health at various times during the year, as is customary, and reports are on file in the Superintendent's office.
Respectfully submitted,
ARTHUR E. BLACKMER,
Superintendent
1937 PUMPING RECORD
Temp.
Month
Hours Run
Total lbs. Coal
Oil in Gals.
Gravity
Pumping (Barr & Worthington)
Pumping (Fairbanks- Morse)
Pumping (Goulds)
Rain in Inches
Max.
Min.
January
224
42,310
9,589,000
19,361,000
480,000
4.11
44
29
February
196
38,250
8,639,000
17,144,000
419,000
1.15
40
29
March
222
42,040
9,332,000
19,311,000
1,226,000
3.99
40
25
April
2191/4
39,770
10,485,000
19,037,000
746,000
4.88
51
35
May
262
46,150
11,188,000
23,006,000
824,000
2.35
67
49
June
32434
55,020
12,951,000
28,364,000
882,000
2.50
72
56
July
4791/4
76,540
13,611,000
42,696,000
3,294,000
.82
82
63
August
475 34
75,130
13,186,000
41,638,000
4,282,000
3.67
84
69
September
2871/4
50,760
10,425,000
24,853,000
1,276,000
6.30
70
54
October
259
48,660
9,841,000
22,716,000
858,000
3.97
67
43
November
2381/2
46,880
9,868,000
20,781,000
756,000
5.50
50
34
December
1061/2
21,980
9,767,000
9,430,000
567,000
4.10
39
23
921/2
329 34
9,638,000
Total
3,386 34
583,490
329 34
128,882,000
288,337,000
15,610,000
9,638,000
43.34
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Hours Run
Total lbs. Coal & Gals.Oil
Total Gals. Pumped
Av. No. Gals. to lbs. Coal
Av. Duty for Year
Barr
2,8921/2
517,460
257,275,000
497
29,711,900
Worthington
40134
66,030
31,062,000
470
28,112,000
Fairbanks-Morse
15,610,000
Goulds
921/2
329 34
9,638,000
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REPORT OF POLICE DEPARTMENT
January 19, 1938.
To the Honorable Board of Selectmen.
Following is the report and activities of the Police De- partment, for the year ending December 31, 1937.
ROSTER OF DEPARTMENT
Chief RUSSELL P. DEARBORN
Sergeants Thomas A. McCormack
Leo. M. Murphy
John Gault
Patrolmen
Joseph W. Schilling
John H. Barrett
Jacob Peck
Charles H. Packard
Robert M. Fogarty
William Gault
Edward A. Smith
Peter W. Winter
Lawrence J. Savoy
Vincent Zacchilli
Permanent Intermittent Officers William P. M. McCormack
Herbert J. Parkhurst Richard P. Ruffini
Provisional Temporary Officers
George Fox John Kennedy John Freyermuth James King
Robert A. Bartlett Antone Diegoli
Lockup Keeper
Matron
Milton Howland Angeline Tavernelli
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ARRESTS BY THE MONTH
Females
Males
Totals
January
4
33
37
February
1
13
14
March
0
24
24
April
3
22
25
May
0
44
44
June
2
49
51
July
0
63
63
August
0
40
40
September
0
31
31
October
1
25
26
November
1
45
46
December
1
40
41
13
429
442
CRIMES
Females
Males
Totals
Assault
0
4
4
Assault and Battery
0
5
5
Assault with a dangerous weapon
0
1
1
Alien (Illegal entry in Country)
0
1
1
Alien in possession of firearms
0
2
2
Breaking, Entering and Larceny
1
8
9
Bastardy
0
1
1
Carrying revolver without permit
0
2
2
Drunk
3
169
172
Disturbance
0
7
7
Delinquents
0
3
3
Digging shrubbery on State Reservation 0
0
1
1
Insane
1
5
6
Illegitimacy
0
1
1
Larceny
0
17
17
Lottery tickets in possession
0
3
3
Non-support
0
10
10
Neglected Children
2
3
5
1
1
Escape (Medfield State Hospital)
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Present (Where gaming implements were found)
0
5
5
Robbery while armed
0
3
3
Registering horse bets
0
4
4
Runaway boys
0
3
3
Setting up and promoting lottery
0
7
7
Stubborn Child
1
1
2
Violating shell fish laws
0
8
8
Violating probation
2
7
9
Violating parole
1
1
2
MOTOR VEHICLE VIOLATIONS
Females
Males Totals
Allowing improper person to operate
0
1
1
Failing to slow at intersection
0
6
6
Failing to stop at Isolated Sign
0
5
5
Leaving the scene of accident
0
5
5
Operating to endanger
1
21
22
Operating without license
0
12
12
Operating under the influence of liquor
1
30
31
Operating after revocation of Certificate of Registration
0
1
1
Operating (no license in possession)
0
1
1
Road Violations
0
45
45
Speeding
0
4
4
Unregistered Trailer
0
2
2
Uninsured trailer
0
2
2
Unregistered auto
0
4
4
Uninsured auto
0
4
4
Using auto without authority
0
2
2
Violating parking regulations
0
1
1
13
429
442
Males
429
Residents
244
Females
13
Non-Residents
198
442
442
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DISPOSITION OF CASES
Fines 141
Released
56
Probation
56
Grand Jury
16
Discharged
28
Turned over to State Parole Officer
2
Arrests for other departments
10
State Welfare Department
5
Sherborn
2
House of Correction
20
Suspended sentences
27
Filed
50
Appealed cases
10
Taunton State Hospital
6
Runaway children (Turned over to parents) State Farm
2
Turned over to U. S. Immigration Dept.
1
Shirley School
1
Medfield State Hospital
1
Continued cases
6
442
Amount of Fines imposed
$3,620.00
Property recovered
$5,948.10
MISCELLANEOUS WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT
Complaints investigated
1,549
Stores found unlocked
88
Street Lights reported out
127
Guarding mail
84
Bank alarms
13
Summonses served for other departments
34
Drownings
3
Fire Alarm lights reported out
30
2
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Suicide cases
2
Lights reported out in stores
30
Automobiles stolen and recovered
7
Children reported lost and found
11
Persons reported missing and found
10
Dog notices served
1
Fatal burning (Forest Fire) investigated
2
Registration Plates picked up. Chapter 90, Section 29
6 sets
Automobile accidents investigated
192
Night Lodgers
56
Prisoners detained for other departments
64
Cottages inspected
347
Summonses issued for violation Parking Regulations 313
AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS
Types
Pedestrians Fatal
1
Pedestrians Injured
32
Automobiles Passengers injured
54
Automobiles Property damage
86
Total
173
PATROL WAGON
Out to Automobile accidents
13
Out to Jordan Hospital
26
Out on arrests
35
Out to Fires
18
Out on investigations
17
Out to Chelsea Old Soldier's Home Hospital
1
Out to Drowning
1
Out to Raid
1
Out on suicide
1
Out to Pondville State Hospital
1
Out to Massachusetts General Hospital
2
Out to Attempted suicide
1
Total
117
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MILEAGE OF DEPARTMENT
Patrol wagon Automobiles Motorcycle Foot-patrols (approximate)
1,031
86,023
6,031
10,000
Total Miles
103,085
Respectfully submitted,
RUSSELL P. DEARBORN, Chief of Police.
EXPENDITURES
Appropriation
$37,047.00
Payments :
Salaries and Wages-
Salary of Chief
$2,932.80
Sergeants
3,515.50
Patrolmen
20,117.70
Special Officers
3,140.25
Janitor
487.44
All Other
70.85
$30,264.54
Transportation-
Auto and Motorcycle Expense
$2,074.60
Two new Sedans
917.90
2,992.50
Equipment and Repairs-
New Equipment
$910.80
Repairs
172.51 :
·. 1,083.31
Fuel and Light-
Fuel Oil
$466.54
Gas and Electricity
210.69
677.23
Maintenance of Buildings and Grounds-
Repairs Janitors' Supplies
$252.97
190.64
All Other
12.17
455.78
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Other Expenses-
Stationery, Printing, Postage
$135.13
234.01
Telephones All Other
73.39
442.53
Traffic Signs and Street Marking-
Signs
$152.11
Labor Painting
175.75
Material
163.20
491.06
Pension-
Paid Lincoln S. Wixon
639.88
Total Payments
37,046.83
Balance to Excess and Deficiency
$.17
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ASSESSORS' REPORT 1937
Aggregate Value
$21,505,900.00
Exempted under Clauses 11-17-18-22-23
138,925.00
Available for Revenue
$21,366,975.00
Valuation of Personal $1,576,150.00
Valuation of Real
19,790,150.00
To be raised by taxation :
State Tax
42,090.00
State Parks
386.92
County Tax
42,583.99
Tuberculosis Hospital
10,150.56
Town Appropriation
855,764.79
Overlay
7,657.23
$958,633.49
Estimated receipts, including :
Dog Tax voted by the Town
to be used by the Assessors :
317,955.01
$640,678.48
Division of Taxes :
Jan. 1 Personal
$46,654.04
Jan. 1 Real
585,788.44
April 1 Polls
8,236.00
Dec. 31 Additional Polls
20.00
Dec. 31 Additional Real
19.24
Dec. 31 Additional Personal .74
Rate of Taxation $29.60 on $1,000.
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Warrants to Collector :
Property $632,462.46 Polls 8,256.00
Exempted under Chapter 59, Sec. 5, General Laws as Amended:
Houses of Religious Worship
$370,000.00
Charitable, Benevolent, Literary, Edu- cational
1,004,900.00
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
182,625.00
United States of America
118,200.00
County of Plymouth
619,850.00
Town of Plymouth
1,983,500.00
Table of Aggregates :
Number of Persons, Firms and Corpor-
ations assessed on Property 4389
Polls assessed 4128
Polls exempted under Clause 18 17
Polls exempted under Clause 23
2
Polls exempted under Chap. 202,
Sec. 1, Chap. 59, G. L. Acts of 1936
346
Horses
73
Cows
268
Neat Cattle
11
Sheep
18
Swine
76
Fowl
4625
Dwelling Houses
4158
Acres of Land
48000
Motor Vehicles assessed under Motor Excise Law :
Value of Motor Vehicles reg- istered 908,940.00
Warrants to Collector (Motor Excise) 26,329.44
State Rate on Motor Vehicles, $34.62 on $1,000.
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ABATEMENT ACCOUNT
Levy of 1934: Dec. 31, 1936, Balance
$263.84
Dec. 31, 1937, Abatements, Real
103.50
Balance to Reserve Overlay $160.34
Levy of 1935: Dec. 31, 1936, Balance
$6,388.57
Dec. 31, 1937, Abatements,
Personal
$273.60
Real
26.33
299.93
Balance to Reserve Overlay
$6,088.64
Levy of 1936:
Dec. 31, 1936, Balance
$8,532.30
Dec. 31, 1937, Abatements,
Polls
$236.00
Personal
140.89
Real
1,471.48
1,848.37
$6,683.93
Levy of 1937: June 3, 1937, Overlay, $7,657.23
Dec. 31, 1937, Abatements,
Polls
$102.00
Personal
60.68
Real
4,004.84
4,167.52
$3,489.71
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Reserve Overlay : Dec. 31, 1936, Balance From Overlay of 1934 From Overlay of 1935
$1,470.95 160.34
6,088.64
$7,719.93
To Reserve Account
1,400.00
$6,319.93
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REPORT OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WELFARE
To the Citizens of the Town of Plymouth :
In drawing up the annual report of this department for the year 1937, it is safe to say that the distress, or we might say the dependency of the Welfare recipient, has increased. It has been the endeavor of this Board to exercise the best possible judgement in administering adequate relief to each and every case, and yet restrict expenditures to a minimum. To do this the department has budgeted each case as it presents itself, according to a standard budget which they have set up. In follow- ing this procedure we have experienced that each case can be justly dealt with.
It is quite evident that this Town faces a long time problem of relief with a group of recipients who have become conscious of their status as dependents on our Town, and who will insist on the higher relief standards that have been set up by the State as well as the Federal Government in the several Social Security measures.
The usual assistance as rendered by this department is comprised of the following, and outside of the medical needs are listed in the order of our usual method of ad- ministering them: food, fuel, shelter, clothing, and medi- cal.
The medical problem in other cities and towns, as well as in ours, is one of great importance. It is interesting to know that during the past year this town paid to the 16 local doctors $2,342.35, to 6 Drug Stores $818.44, and to 6 hospitals $2,701.30-a total medical expense of $5,- 862.09. It is very interesting to know that the local doctors made 1,397 visits at an average cost of $1.45 a
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visit, some of these visits having been made in Cedarville, and after 10 P.M. There were 16 confinement cases with a cost of $25. each, which covered prenatal, delivery, and post-natal care, 2 tonsil operations of $5. each, and 3 ex- aminations of $5. each.
The number of cases assisted by this department dur- ing the year just passed are as follows :
Outside Relief Cases 409 1,341 persons aided
Aid to Dependent Children 27
63 persons aided
Plymouth Cases residing
in other towns.
28
72 persons aided
464
1,476 persons aided
The peak or period of greatest assistance came during the month of January when the total case load was 265, representing 836 persons.
During 1937 there was spent in this Town for relief only, the following :
Infirmary
$6,308.67
Outside Relief
69,174.00
Aid to Dependent Children
10,542.80
Old Age Assistance
104,650.14
190,675.61
Relief Work (W. P. A.)
140,994.33
Relief Supplies
(Federal Commodities)
27,832.50
Total Relief
$359,502.44
INFIRMARY
There is one more year added to the good record of able management of Mr. and Mrs. Russell L. Dickson as Superintendent and Matron of this Institution.
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The total cost of running this home for 1937 was $6,- 316.97, a saving of $1,203.30 over the 1936 figure. There was 585 weeks care given to the inmates of this home at a weekly cost of $10.80. A much larger number of in- mates could be accommodated, and with such an increase the weekly cost would be greatly reduced, and it is reason- able to assume that the present cost could be brought down to less than a dollar a day.
This year, the Infirmary kitchen prepared and pre- served 415 quarts of fruits and vegetables as well as 14 tumblers of jellies.
The income from the Julia P. Robinson fund, amount- ing to $8.30 was spent at Christmas time for the benefit of the inmates.
Number of Inmates, January 1, 1937 11
Admitted during the year 7
18
Died during the year
1
Discharged to care of relatives
1
Discharged to Child guardianship
1
Discharge to care of self
2
5
Number remaining December 31, 1937 13
AID TO DEPENDENT CHILDREN
The title of the Mothers' Aid Law as amended by Chapter 413 of the Acts of 1936 is "Aid to Dependent Children." The law as amended extends the scope of the Mothers' Aid Law to include dependent children under the age of sixteen years who are living with relatives other than their own mothers.
The law as amended also conforms to the Social Secur- ity Act under which grants for aid from the Federal
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Government are available to Cities and Towns through the Commonwealth.
In general, the same principals which have applied to the administration of the Mothers' Aid Law will con- tinue to apply to the Aid to Dependent Children Law, except when they must be modified to meet changed cir- cumstances in the case of dependent children living in the homes of relatives other than their own mothers.
Cases
Children
Number aided January 1, 1937
10
17
Added during the year
17
46
27
63
Closed during the year
4
9
Number aided December 31, 1937
23
54
The 54 children listed above are all under 16 years of age.
GENERAL WELFARE OR OUTSIDE AID
This class of assistance called Temporary Aid is ren- dered to those unemployed as well as those unable to work and not eligible for assistance through other classes of Aid.
The expense of this Department has been kept down by the employment given by the Works Progress Admin- istration although in many cases it has been necessary to supplement such wages by Welfare orders. It has been the aim of this Department to find employment for all able-bodied Welfare recipients that they may return to the Town their labor in exchange for the food and other necessities they receive. This Department again wishes to express its appreciation for the wonderful assistance and co-operation it has received from the other Depart-
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ments of the Town in carrying out this working method. We feel that in most cases this privilege has been greatly appreciated by the recipients and that to a great extent the total cost of Temporary Aid, which amounts to $69,- 174, cannot rightfully be called an expense. During the year the Town has received a total of 7,6971/2 days of labor for the assistance they have rendered to the able- bodied men.
Following is a detailed list of Welfare labor as given to each Department :
Water Department
3,1081/2 days
Highway Department
2,729
days
Clam seeding
8261/2 days
School Department
462
days
Park Department
2251/2 days
Cemetery Department
140
days
Infirmary
133
days
Board of Health
51
days
Miscellaneous
22
days
7,6971/2 days
Through the Welfare Department there have been 14 boys enrolled in the Civilian Conservation Corps. All of these boys were taken from Welfare or W. P. A. families, and the $22.00 of their monthly wage, pledged to their family, has been a help in relieving this Department at the same time giving them the opportunity of being self- supporting.
At the annual meeting, March 8, 1937, the Board was organized as follows: Lawrence L. Lahey, chairman, William H. Beever, and Harvey S. Hatch. Mr. Hatch re- signed from the Board October 11, 1937, and Mr. Paul W. Bittinger was appointed at a joint meeting of the Board of Selectmen and this Board to fill the vacancy (attending first Board meeting October 25, 1937.)
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The Board recommends an appropriation for 1938, for Infirmary, Outside Aid and Aid to Dependent Children of $90,000.
LAWRENCE L. LAHEY, Chairman WILLIAM H. BEEVER PAUL W. BITTINGER
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WELFARE EXPENDITURES FOR INFIRMARY AND OUTSIDE RELIEF
1924
1925
926!
1927
8261
6261
OE6!
93/
1932
1933
LEGI
19351
SESI
1937
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
-
Thousands of Dollars
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Total expenditures
Plymouth expenses
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REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF OLD AGE ASSISTANCE
To the Citizens of the Town of Plymouth :
The Bureau of Old Age Assistance submits herewith its annual report.
The year has been marked by many changes. At the outset, the Bureau consisted of Doctor Thomas W. Loft, Doctor Laurence B. Reed, and Mr. William H. Beever. Mr. Beever was chairman. Mr. James Rae acted as su- pervisor. Offices were maintained in the Farnsworth Building. Following the March elections, when Mr. Lawrence L. Lahey took Doctor Loft's place on the Board of Public Welfare, the Bureau was reorganized. Mr. Hatch and Mr. Lahey became the Welfare Board mem- bers on the Bureau, and Mr. A. Rodman Hussey, Jr., was appointed in Doctor Reed's place. Mr. Hatch was named chairman. In September, Mr. Hatch resigned from both Board and Bureau, and Mr. Paul W. Bittinger was ap- pointed to the Welfare Board in his place. Subsequently, Mr. Bittinger became a member of the Bureau. Mr. Hussey was named chairman.
Just before the close of the year, after extended dis- cussion of proposed sites, the Selectmen and the Welfare Board agreed that the entire Welfare Department should be transferred to the old High School, then stand- ing vacant. By early January the transfer had been com- pleted. The new quarters are well lighted and well heated. The gathering of all welfare activities under one roof has permitted an administrative reorganization which, it is believed, will result greater efficiency and a considerable saving in administrative expense.
It must be borne in mind, however, that the Bureau is
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not interested in making a show of economy. The statu- tory duty of the Bureau is to provide "adequate assist- ance to deserving citizens in need of relief or support sixty-five (65) years of age or over." The purpose of the law is to give to the aged enough to enable them to live out their lives in some comfort and with reasonable se- curity. The Bureau's real desire and interest is to see that the town's money is efficiently spent to the end that those elderly persons who need and deserve assistance shall not suffer or go in want.
The following tables are self-explantory. It is recom- mended that they be compared with the figures for other years. It is to be remembered, however, that all statis- tics must be read with caution, and cannot be taken to express absolute facts. It will be noted that the increase in case load in 1936 was much greater than that in 1937. This is due, however, to the lowering of the age limit in 1936 from 70 to 65. In 1938 an increase at least as large as that in 1937 can be expected.
The large increase in expenditures is due to two fac- tors. In the first place, although the age limit was low- ered in 1936, the full burden was not felt until the fol- lowing year. In the second place, the increase reflects the very liberal policies of both the Commonwealth and the United States Government. Certainly, it is not to be expected that this policy will be reversed in the near future.
Cases being aided January 1, 1937 257
New Cases added during the year 1937
75
Total 332
Cases closed on account of death 22
Cases closed by reason of sufficient income
10
Transfers 10
Cases closed for other reasons 2
44
288
10
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Cases reopened during the year
Cases being aided December 31, 1937
298
1936
1937
Net Increased in Case Load
118
41
Average Case Load
198
278
Under the present system the United States Govern- ment contributes one-half of all old age assistance money spent on each case up to thirty dollars ($30) plus a cer- tain portion of the administration expenses. The Com- monwealth reimburses the town for two-thirds of the balance of the money spent on each case after deduction of the federal grant. The federal money does not go into the town treasury but is kept in a seperate fund which is paid out on order of the Bureau of Old Age Assistance. Reimbursements by the Commonwealth and by other cities and towns are, however, paid directly into the town treasury and can not be expended by the Bureau without an appropriation. Thus it is necessary to ap- propriate a sum which is, roughly speaking, between twice and three times as large as the sum actually spent by the town. In 1936 the town's gross expenditures, ex- clusive of the federal grants, amounted to $39,145.05. During the year, however, the Commonwealth and other cities and towns paid to the town $25,533.05. As a re- sult, in 1936 the town actually spent for old age assist- ance $13,612.00. In 1937 the town's gross contribution amounted to $58,354.03. The Commonwealth, cities and towns reimbursed the town to the extent of $23,744.01. The net cost of old age assistance to the town was $34,610.02.
The average yearly expenditure per case was $387.23 in 1937. This figure includes administration costs as well as expenses of assistance. An average of one dollar ($1.00) a day does not seem great especially when one considers how much the assistance must mean to those receiving it.
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Last year the Bureau requested an appropriation of sixty thousand dollars ($60,000.00). The Finance Com- mittee recommended that fifty thousand dollars ($50,- 000.00) be appropriated, although it was known at the time that very nearly all that the Bureau had requested would be needed. The Bureau believes this procedure to be economically unsound. This year, faced with the cer- tainty of a further increase both in case load and case expense, it is requesting an appropriation of sixty-five thousand dollars ($65,000.00). This figure reflects an expected saving in administration expenses, and repre- sents the lowest reliable estimate of our needs for the year. In view of the present policies of both the State and Federal Government, it is very doubtful if any re- duction can be expected in the near future. It is earnest- ly to be hoped that the town will face the acknowledged facts and will appropriate the sum estimated by the Bu- reau to be necessary properly to administer the law.
Respectfully submitted,
BUREAU OF OLD AGE ASSISTANCE,
A. RODMAN HUSSEY, Chairman. . مل
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PLYMOUTH PUBLIC LIBRARY
We can, I think, congratulate ourselves on the comple- tion of another year during which the library's record of activity and service has been upheld and improved. A careful study of the librarian's report is recommended. The problems facing a public library in serving the pub- lic are many. The function of a public library in a de- mocracy is an important one. The promotion of under- standing of human problems and the development through cultural activity of the intelligence of the people are sure safeguards of a free government.
During the year the physical condition of the library was improved by a complete overhauling of the heating system, the installation of an oil burner system and the construction of a blower in the children's room in the basement. The librarian's office and downstairs toilet and rest room were painted and finished during the spring. The building is in good condition. During the past year, however, the librarian has been forced to dis- card a large number of volumes due to over-crowding. While the resources of the library have not yet been im- paired, it is quite apparent that unless provision is soon made for additional shelf space, it will be necessary either to dispose of books which the library should not be with- out or to curtail purchases. The loss resulting from the impairment of the proper functioning of the library is a far more serious matter than the possible increase of expenditures to provide a new building or remodeling to provide additional shelf space would necessitate.
Library affairs are being carried on in the capable hands of Miss Haskins and her assistants, and once again we take this opportunity of acknowledging for the library
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