USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Acton > Town annual reports of Acton, Massachusetts 1862-1879 > Part 33
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perform almost every day in his business life in half the time and with a far greater certainty of being correct than would have been possible had it not been for the thorough- ness of his mental work in this part of arithmetic, and yet there is not a parent in this town who would be satisfied with this amount of apparent progress in the scholar's study.
What may be said of arithmetic is equally true of the other branches of knowledge which are taught in our schools. If scholars are allowed to be content with sim- ply a superficial knowledge of their studies, they will fail to acquire a habit of persistent thoroughness which would be of the greatest service to them in the future.
Another aim of our schools is to secure to the scholars a facility in expressing what they know, such as they would not otherwise possess, and this is almost as impor- tant to a person's success in life as the possession of knowl- edge. For this reason we consider it just as much a teacher's duty to see to it that the scholars express themselves con- cisely and correctly as that they commit their lessons per- fectly.
Another aim of our schools is to develop in the schol- ars the power of self control, and to inspire them with habits of obedience, so that they will be more obedient in the family and more law abiding in the state. Said a parent to us not a long time since, "I can tell very quick- ly whether the scholars in our school are kept under proper restraint or not by the conduct of my boys at home. When the order of the schools is good, they are easily man- aged at home, and are pleasant when corrected ; but when it is not, and they are given a loose rein there, it is just the reverse." In this respect we consider the service of our common schools, if properly managed, invalua- ble.
In short, it is the aim of our sehools to prepare the young in every particular to go out into society and take their places in it as law abiding and useful members, fur- nished with the most necessary elements of knowledge, and so disciplined as to be able to make the best use of what they know, and we should strive to accomplish these results to the fullest extent possible.
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METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.
Just as there are several systems of medicine, each claiming an equal degree of success in the treatment of disease, so there are various methods of instruction which have the indorsement of educators of unquestioned ability. The method which is employed in most of our higher in- stitutions of learning at the present time is what may be termed"Recitation by Topics." According to this method, few questions are asked and the scholar is thrown entirely upon his own resources for a successful recitation. If a scholar were to pass thoroughly through a text book, ac- cording to this method, he would be able, at the close of his study of it,to give the contents of the whole book with- out any question being asked. For scholars who have re- ceived a considerable degree of mental discipline, this is an admirable method and is always attended with the best results.
But our experience with this method in our common schools has convinced us that it is not the most advanta- geous method in them. We have found that the tax on the memory of scholars whose retentive faculties are not very strong is so great that they become discouraged and pursue the study with no pleasure but the reverse, and that it is the tendency of the scholars who are easy to learn to commit the exact language of the book and recite it, parrot-like, so associating the ideas of the subject with the language of the text book that when the exact lan- guage is forgotten all the knowledge which it conveyed is lost. For these reasons we have found the practice of rec- itation by questions far preferable to any other method.
This as it seems to us is the most natural method of training for scholars who expect to have no particular use for their knowledge except in ordinary business, for they will find it practically the case in the future, that it is in answer to questions, that they need to have their knowledge in an available shape. Some one asks, "Why the need of plying the scholars with so many questions in our schools ?" We reply, this is necessary to afford them facility in an- swering the practical questions which will arise every day in their lives. If our scholars were to be public lecturers or essayists, we would prefer some other method, but as they
5
are to be practical men and women, whose great need of knowledge is to fit them to solve problems and answer ques- tions which will arise every day, we think the method of recitation by questions is the most natural one.
Moreover, we have found that this method is better than any other in stimulating our scholars to study their les- sons, and it is such stimulus that most of our scholars especially need. The proportion of scholars in any of our schools who have such a natural thirst for knowledge that they would study without anything to stimulate them is very small. It is one of the principal duties (or ought to be) of every teacher to excite an interest in study in the minds of the scholars, so that they will give the applica- tion to their books which is necessery to any degree of success. If a scholar knows that certain questions are to be asked him, he will apply himself to the study of their answers as he will not,if he thinks he will not be called to give any account of his mental progress. We think the method of instruction which is preferable is the one which is best adapted to the mental training of the great majority of our scholars, and not one which would be attended with good results in the cases of a few, who would make good progress under any system. For this reason we welcome every expedient whose tendency is to excite an interest in the minds of all the scholars, whether it be by object lessons. exercises upon the black board, spirited general exercises or what not ,and especially do we welcome a teacher who is an enthusiast in her work and who is able to impart the magnetic influence of her spirit to those who are under her care.
METHODS OF DISCIPLINE.
As we have intimated already, we consider good or- der one of the absolutely necessary characteristics of a good school ; but there is a stricking difference in teach- ers, as regards the ease with which they secure the re- quisite orderly conduct of their schools, and there is also a wide difference in schools, when under the charge of similarly efficient teachers, as regard the matter of order. There is also a difference in teachers as to their adaptabit- ity to certain methods for the promotion of good order in
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school. Some teachers have a presence and certain qual- ities of character which command obedience with little or no effort ; some teachers have tact or faculty of manage- ment which enables them to keep their scholars in a state of subordination, where others not possessed of these pe- culier gifts would fail. If all our teachers belonged to one of the classes just mentioned, there would be no ap- parant trouble in our schools, as regards discipline, but as most of our teachers have no special gifts that qualify them to govern a school, it is generally necessary for them to set before their scholars certain regulations and to en- force them by certain peralties. It was formerly the case that corporal punishment was almost always resorted to in cases of disobedience, but in recent times, this method has fallen largely into disuse, and other methods have taken its place.
Whatever method of discipline is adopted will be likely to meet with objections on the part of some, provid- ed it is of such a nature as to hurt the feelings of the scholars.
It is our opinion that the method of discipline in our schools should be left largely with the teachers, provided of course that it be reasonable. We have known cases where the infliction of corporal punishment seemed to save the school from being a total failure, and we have known of other cases, where it seemed as though another method would have been preferable : for this reason we think a teacher should be sustained in having recourse to any reasonable means for securing obedience to the proper regulations of the school.
Scholars should be made to feel that it is their duty to obey, and that any petty dislike of a teacher is no justi- fication for disobedience, and that it is not in the power of a few scholars by creating a scene of disorder, to secure the removal of the teacher, without exposing themselves to any danger of punishment or disgrace. When such a state of things as this takes place in our town, we may bid adieu to anything like successful schools.
TEXT BOOKS.
It is our policy to make just as few changes in text
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books as possible, consistenly with the best good of the schools. During the last seven years, there has been no considerable change in the books. excepting in reading and geography, and in the latter there was no change ex- cept by the way of experiment, and in all these cases the changes were made, as scholars were passing from one class into another and would need new books and could save one third or more of expense by buying the books that were being introduced. We have examined many new publications of text books, and have found in them some improvements over the ones now in use, but we have usu- ally found it to be the case that any want in the books now in use could be remedied by oral instruction, so that the advantage of a change would not be equal to the extra expense.
TREATMENT OF TEACHERS.
We consider a right view of this topic, on the part of our people generally, to be of the highest importance to the success of our schools. The entrance of almost any eacher upon the duties of a school is in some respects an experiment, and especially is this so, in the case of a teacher who has had no experience in the work. We consider the position of a teacher in a public school, as one of the most trying which it is possible for any one to occupy, and we feel that persons who assume this import- ant trust ought to have the sympathy and the most con- siderate treatment from every invidual who is interested in our schools.
Our appropriation for school purposes is not suffi- ciently large to enable us to offer the inducements to teachers to take charge of our schools, which some of the larger and more wealthy towns are able to offer, but if we have the reputation of being kind and considerate in our treatment of teachers, this fact will aid us greatly in pro- curing and retaining the most excellent talent for our school work. We have tried to assist all our teachers, to the fullest extent, in their work during the past year, and in the composition of this report, have endeavored to treat them in a most kindly way, both out of a regard for them and their interests, and also out of a regard for the best good of our schools.
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Without devoting any more of the limited space of this report to the discussion of the salient features of our school system, considered as a whole, we now invite your attention to a brief notice of each school.
CENTER GRAMMAR.
The Spring and Fall terms of this school were taught by Miss Ada C. Davis, a teacher cf tried experience, and of the highest order of qualifications for the duties of a teacher. The school made excellent progress under her instruction, and took a rank which was not excelled by any school in town. We were well pleased with Miss Davis' work and would have been glad to have had her in charge of the school during the winter term.
The winter term was taught by Mr. C. E. Cloud, a graduate of the Scientific department of Dartmouth College. This teacher devoted himself to his work with much earnest- ness, but with his limited experience in this work found the discipline of the school somewhat difficult in the first part of the term. After the first month, however, the school seem- ed to be orderly and to be making at least the average amount of progress in the studies pursued. At the exam- ination which closed the term the school made a very good appearance indeed. We wish to repeat, however, what we have stated before in these reports, that the prospect of success is far better, as regards any of our schools, if it is committed to the care of an experienced female teacher than to a male teacher who has had little if any experi- ence in the work of instruction.
CENTER PRIMARY.
The Spring term of this school was taught by Miss Lizzie S. Taylor, who had charge of the school during the whole of last year, and was spoken of in the highest terms of commendation in our last report. We think her success this term was even greater than that of the previous ones and we would have gladly continued her in this work, but she had the offer of a more pleasing position and resigned.
The Fall term was taught by Miss Sara F. Robbins, a former teacher in this school ; as she has been favorably
9
mentioned in two of our former reports, little need be said of her work here. We will simply say that we were well satisfied with her management of the school, and would have been pleased to have had it under her care during the Winter term. We were especially gratified by the good order of the school during the whole term.
The Winter Term was taught by Miss Nellie M. Co- nant. Miss C. is a resident of the district and had had comparatively little experience in the work of teaching and labored under a great disadvantage on these accounts, in the matter of discipline. She gave herself most heartily to her work, and under other circumstances, no doubt would have had a good degree of success in every respect. At the examination which closed the school the scholars ap- peared very well and seemed to have made considerable progress in their studies.
SOUTH GRAMMAR.
This school was taught throughout the year by Miss M. F. Rice, a teacher of the highest culture. and most gentle and ladylike manners, whose presence and exam- ple were the best of influences to her scholars to lead them to cultivate the highest qualities of mind and heart. The appearance of the school, under her management, was ev- ery thing we could have desired. We considered the last term of this school the most successful winter term that we have had in this district for several years. At the close of the Winter term the scholars made their teacher some very pleasing and valuable presents as tokens of regard.
SOUTH PRIMARY.
The Spring Term of this school was taught by Miss M. A. Forbush, a teacher who has been mentioned in two of our previous reports in terms of praise. We deemed her success this term even greater than it had been in previous terms. We have seldom seen a more reasonable and devoted attachment between teacher and scholars, than existed here. At the close of the term, the scholars pre- sented the teacher with a beautiful gift as a memento of their love.
The Fall and Winter terms were taught by
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Miss Jennie M. McAlister, a teacher ot considerable ex- perience and a good degree of natural fitness for her work. She devoted herself to her work with earnestness and the school showed a steady progress while under her charge. At the close of the Winter term the scholars presented her also with some beautiful gifts, as substantial proofs of their love.
WEST GRAMMAR.
The Spring Term of this school was taught by Mr. J. C. Bolan, A. B. Mr. B. was noticed in our last report, as the teacher of this school, and little need be said of his work here. He labored very conscientiously in the school and many of the scholars made excellent progress while un- der his instruction. Had he been able to give all his time and strength to the school we doubt not that his success would have been everything that we could have desired. As it was, many of the parents deemed him one of the best teachers we have had in the school for a long time.
The Fall Term was taught by Miss M. J. Perigo. This teacher has been educated especially for the duties of a teacher, and has had several years of practical experi- ence in the work, and being naturally of an enthusiastic temperament, she was able to carry qualifications into the school room such as we are seldom so fortunate as to find combined in a teacher. The scholars responded to the well directed efforts of the teacher quite readily, and the progress of the school was steady and substantial through- out the term.
The Winter Term was taught by Miss M. J. Perigo and Mrs. M. W. Going. Miss P. had charge of the school during the first five weeks of the term, and managed it with the same satisfactory results which attended her work in the Fall; but at the end of that time, she was obliged to lay aside her duties on account of illness. After an interval of two weeks, she resigned and Mrs. M. W. Going consented to take charge of the school. Mrs. G. is a teacher of a good degree of experience and the best of natural qualifications for the work, and, though she had not been in the vocation of a teacher for more than ten years, she took it up again in this school with an enthusi- asm and earnestness which were the promise of a success
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which did not disappoint in any respect. Considering the interruption of the school by the illness of its first teacher and by the sickness of scholars, the examination at the close of the term was highly satisfactory and exceedingly creditable to teachers and scholars.
WEST PRIMARY.
This school was taught throughout the year by Miss Clara L. Sweatt. This teacher had charge of the same school during the Winter term of last year and was spoken of in terms of praise in our last report. We feel it due to her, however, to state here that we think she has improved in her ability to teach during each term, and that we now consider her one of the best teachers of a primary school that we have had in our schools for several years. She has the happy faculty of securing good order without incurring the ill will of any of her scholars, which is a very difficult thing to accomplish in such a school.
NORTH SCHOOL.
The Spring and Fall terms of this school were taught by Mrs. Allie H. Loker. Mrs. Loker had charge of this school two terms last year and was so favorably mentioned in our last report that little remains to be said here. We wish simply to state that we never knew a school to mani- fest more interest or to make a better degree of progress than did this school while under the charge of this teacher. In enthusiasm and facility in the employment of expedients for exciting and sustaining the interest of the scholars,this teacher is not surpassed.
The Winter Term of this school was taught by Miss Ada C. Davis. The benefit of the school was somewhat impaired by the illness of scholars ; but the management was without reproach, and the progress of those scholars who were able to attend school uninterruptedly was excel- lent.
EAST SCHOOL.
The Spring Term of this school was taught by Miss G. E. Tuttle. Miss Tuttle has been mentioned in our two
12
last reports in terms of such praise that we need add little here. She was not only very successful with her school in exciting an interest in the regular studies which were pursued, but gave a very pleasing exhibition of the amount of information which may be imparted to scholars orally, by interesting them in the subject of Astronomy, and going out with them in the evening to trace the constellations and watch for the appearance of certain stars, so that at the end of the term the whole school had such a knowledge of this subject as would have seemed hardly possible. We would have been pleased to have had the continued ser- vices of this teacher, but as has been frequently the case with our most successful teachers, she had the offer of a more permanent, and as she thought, a far more pleasant position, and she decided to accept. After her resignation the people of this district showed their appreciation of her services by bestowing upon her some very valuable, beau- tiful and useful gifts.
The Fall Term was taught by Miss H. L. Cook, a young lady of culture and refinement, but wanting in expe- rience as a teacher. She labored under disadvantages arising from her want of experience, and from the fact that she was called to succeed a teacher of such superior qualifications and such a long and successful experience in the same school. We have never seen a teacher who seemed more anxious to succeed than she was, and under other conditions her success might have been equal to her desires. As it was, the examination which closed the school was quite creditable and equal to the average of examinations during the past year.
The winter term was taught by Miss F. M. Hartwell, a teacher of pleasing manners and considerable expe- rience, in the work of an instructor. We visited the school three times during the term and attended a public examination at its close, and on all these occasions, the school appeared as well as we could have desired. We have every reason to feel that the school made a steady and reasonable progress in all the studies which were pur- sued during the term. The examination at the close was very creditable to teacher and scholars.
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SOUTH EAST.
As appears from the statistical report, the school in this part of the town has been very small during the year, so small that it is very difficult to form anything like an intelligent estimate of the work of the teachers who had them in charge.
The Spring term was taught by Miss A. W. Packard who had charge of this school two terms last year and was favorably mentioned in our last report.
We were very much pleased with Miss Packard's methods of teaching and consider her one of the most competent teachers we have had in our schools for several years. She did everything with the school, that it was possible for any teacher to do, and gave complete satisfac- tion to all concerned.
The fall term was taught by Miss Nellie M. Conant. This was Miss C's. first experience in teaching, but she devoted herself most earnestly to her work, and was suc- cessful to such a degree that the committee would have been pleased to secure her services for another term.
The winter term was taught by Miss C. S. Hayward. Miss H. came well recommended and has had considera- ble successful experience in the work of instruction. Whenever we visited the school, it appeared orderly and the examination at the close seemed to indicate that the scholars had made as much progress as could be expected under the circumstances.
Appended, are the usual statistical reports to which we invite your careful consideration. Some of the dis- tricts have had the benefit of an unusually large number of weeks of school during the year and the advantage of such extended school privileges has been very apparant in the scholars progress in their studies.
Respectfully submitted,
C. A. HARRINGTON, Chairman, ) LUTHER CONANT, Clerk, School
C. B. STONE,
W. S. JONES,
Committee
I. W. FLAGG,
G. H. HARRIS,
of Acton.
F. P. WOOD, Supt. of Schools,
14 ROLL OF HONOR.
NAMES OF THOSE WHO HAVE NOT BEEN TARDY OR ABSENT.
Center Grammar.
For one Term.
Sarah Hammond,
Julia Lane,
Etta Tuttle,
Mary Waldron,
Elbridge Conant, Arthur Davis,
George Lee,
John Kinsley,
Lyman Robbins,
George H. Tuttle, For two terms.
Annic Hammond. For three terms. CARRIE LUND.
Center Primary.
For one term.
Luther Conant, Jr.,
Warren Robbins,
Bertie Reed,
Hattie Smith,
Augusta Smith,
Gracie Tuttle. For two terms.
Nina Ayers,
Fennie Ayers,
Susie E. Conant,
Hattie M. Robbins,
Hattie L. Tuttle.
SOUTH GRAMMAR.
For one term. Josie M. Hannon,
Mary A. Knight,
Susie A. Moulton,
Lois E. Pond,
Emma A. Pratt,
Henrietta F. Sawyer,
S. Bertie Tuttle,
Charlie Fletcher,
Hiram E. Gates,
John Wilder,
Chrissie A. Pollard. For two terms.
Nettie C. Fuller,
Eda Shapley,
Eva C. Shapley. For three terms.
MABEL RICHARDSON,
ETTA C. TEMPLE,
ARLON U. JACKSON,
WILLIE H. WILBUR.
South Primary.
For one term.
Idella J. Barker,
Emily G. Hannon,
Clara F. Leach,
Martha C. Pratt,
Lillie F. Richardson,
Sadie E. Sawyer,
Fred S. Fletcher,
Frank Heustis,
Lulie E. Hosmer,
Johnie Lynch, George C. Warren.
For two terms. Gertie S. Harrington,
,
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Harry A. Fletcher, Charlie W. Leach, Ernest E. Wilbur.
West Grammar.
For one term. Florence Noyes,
Arthur Bradford,
Ned Holton,
Willie Hart,
David Kinsley.
For two terms. Mary Tuttle.
West Primary.
For one term.
Maud Briggs,
Gertie Cutler,
Bertie Gardner,
Addie Houghton,
Emma Knowlton,
Alice Hoar,
Flora Richardson.
John Aldrich,
Emery Clark,
Bertie Holt,
Herman Parker,
Everett Richardson,
Fred Teel,
Charlie Town.
For two Terms.
Ida Littlefield,
Ida Tuttle,
Walter Gardner,
Eugene Hall.
For three Terms. IDA RICHARDSON,
ERNEST KNOWLTON, ALFRED RICHARDSON, BERTIE WILLIS.
NORTH ACTON. For one Term.
Bertie Smith,
For two Terms.
Nellie Ryan,
Lizzie Ryan,
Elwin Harris,
Everett Rouillard
East School. For one Term.
E. Bertha Hosmer,
Grace E. Taylor,
Frank H. Billings.
Freddie W. Billings,
Carlton C. Conant, Willie D. Davis,
Arthur B. Davis,
Willie O. Smith,
Ernest Wetherbee,
J. Roland Wetherbee. For two Terms. Harry G. Robbins. For three Terms. HERBERT H. ROBBINS.
South East, For one Term. Willie Hooper, Freddie Jones, Willie Jones.
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TABULAR VIEW.
SCHOOLS.
TEACHERS.
months.
Length of School in
Wages per month.
Scholars.
Whole Number of
Average Attendance.
of age.
of ago.
Number over 15 yrs.
parents and friends.
Number of visits by
SPRING TERM.
Miss A. C. Davis,
3 ៛36 00
28
24.22
0
0
6
Centre.
Primary,
L. S. Taylor,
3
32 00
28
25
1
0
10
South.
Primary,
" MI. A. Forbush,
3
40 00
45
38.3
0
1
19
West.
( Primary,
Miss C. L. Sweatt,
21
36 00
46
43
2
0
32
North.
Mrs. A. H. Loker,
21
32 00
22
20.2
0
0
12
East,
Miss G. E. Tuttle,
21
32 00
24
22.23
0
1
17
South East,
Miss A. W. Packard,
2
30 00
14
11.25
1
0)
6
Totals.
233
318 00 275
265.7
4
8
127
FALL TERM.
Miss A. C. Davis,
$36 00
24
16.5
0
0
1
Centre,
Primary,
.. S. F. Robbins,
2
32 00
30
23.9
1
0
9
South.
Primary,
J. M. McAllister,
3
36 00
45
40.4
0
1
10
West.
¿ Primary,
66 C. L. Sweatt,
40 00
43
40
0
0
20
North,
Mrs. A. H. Loker.
32 00
22
16.8
0
0
7
East,
Miss H. L. Cook,
21
32 001
26
21
0
1
6
South East,
Miss N. M. Conant,
2
28 00
8
7.33
0
0
G
Totals,
223
316 00 271
229.64
1
8
99
WINTER TERM.
Centre.
Primary,
Miss N. M. Conant.
3-
32 00
27
22.25
0
0
12
South.
Primary,
J. M. McAllister,
2
36 00
46
40.5
0
1
7
West.
Primary,
Miss C. L. Sweatt,
2-
40 00
43
38
0
0
28
North,
.. A. C. Davis,
31
39 00
20
14
0
3
East,
F. M. Hartwell,
33
32 00
22
16.03
0
2
8
South East,
C. S. Hayward,
2
28 00
10
8.30
0
2
6
Totals,
26}
329 00 299
247.91
0
37
97
Aggregate for year,
72
961 00 845 743.25
5
53
323
34
$40 00
38
28.58
0
16
7
Grammar,
M. F. Rice,
2
40 00
51
45
0
10
7
Grammar,
M. J. Perigo &
2
40 00
42
35.25
0
3
15
Mrs. M. W. Going,
3
40 00
35
32.16
0
5
25
Grammar,
M. J. Perigo,
21
40 00
38
32
0
1
15
Mr. J. C. Bolan,
21
40 00
33
27
0
1
12
Grammar,
" M. F. Rice,
3
40 00
37
34.5
0
5
13
Grammar,
Grammar.
( Grammar,
Grammar,
M. F. Rice,
Grammar,
Mr. C. E. Cloud,
Number under 5 yrs.
The average attendance during the year, .85} of the whole No. of scholars.
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FINANCIAL REPORT.
SOUTH SCHOOL.
Drawn from the treasury,
$681 21
Received for grass,
1 00
for use of school house, 109 60
Balance from last year,
44 30
$836 11
Paid to teachers,
$677 00
" for fuel and preparing it,
48 14
" for care of house and furnace, 44 45
" for hardware work (Mr. Holt's bills, ) 18 82
" for incidentals,
11 90
Balance on hand,
35 80
C. A. HARRINGTON, Committee. $836 11
WEST SCHOOL.
Drawn from the treasury,
$681 21
Balance from last year,
14 95
Paid to teachers,
571 00
" for fuel and preparing it,
57 05
" for a dictionary,
8 50
" for care of house and furnace,
45 00
" for incidentals,
9 90
Balance on hand,
4 71
$696 16
$696 16
C. B. STONE, Committee.
18
CENTER SCHOOL.
Drawn from the treasury,
$676 37 54 65
Balance from last year,
$731 02
Paid to teachers,
$605 40
" for fuel,
61 50
" for care of house,
30 25
" for incidentals, books, &c.,
15 18
Balance on hand,
18 69
$731 02
LUTHER CONANT, Committee.
NORTH SCHOOL.
Drawn from the treasury,
$308 11
Balance from last year, 38 64
$346 75
Paid to teachers,
$278 75
" for fuel,
34 50
" for care of house,
12 00
" for incidentals,
7 80
Balance on hand,
13 70
$346 75
G. H. HARRIS, Committee,
EAST SCHOOL.
Drawn from the treasury, $308 11
Balance from last year, 5 10
Money advanced to make up this year's deficiency, 4 67
$317 88
Paid to teachers, $259 00
" for fuel and preparing it,. 39 66
" for incidentals and cleaning house,
5 22
" for care of house, 14 00
$317 88
I. W. FLAGG, Committee.
REFERENCE BOOK ACTON MEMORIAL LIBRARY, ACTON. MASSACHUSETTS 01720
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