Town annual reports of Acton, Massachusetts 1926-1930, Part 15

Author: Acton (Mass.)
Publication date: 1926
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 686


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Term expires 1928


Term expires 1928


Superintendent


Charles W. Lawrence, So. Acton, Mass.


Telephone 45


Attendance Officers


Thomas Scanlon Harry Morse Oliver D. Wood


West Acton South Acton Acton


School Physician Acton


Dr. E. A. Mayell


School Nurse


Lillian Frost


North Acton


SCHOOL CALENDAR


First short term begins January 3, 1928. First short term ends February 17, 1928. Second short term begins Feb. 27, 1928. Second short term ends April 13, 1928. Third short term begins April, 23, 1928. High school graduation week of June 4-9, 1928. Third short term ends June 22, 1928.


1926-1927


Fall term begins September 4, 1928. Thanksgiving-School closes Nov. 21, 1928 and reopens Nov. 26, 1928.


Fall term ends December 21, 1928. First short term begins January 2, 1929.


4


Legal Holidays


January 1, February 22, April 19, May 30, July 4, first Mon- day of September, October 12, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day (the day following when any of the first four days mentioned, the 12th of October, or Christmas occurs on Sunday).


Arbor Day falls on the last Saturday in April, and is not a legal holiday.


Flag Day falls on June 14, and is not a legal holiday. It should be observed by proper exercises by any school in session on that day.


The same is true of Armistice Day, November 11.


STANDING RULES


Rule 1. Children shall not be admitted to the public schools until they are six years of age, excepting that children who are six by the first of January following opening of school in Sep- tember, may be admitted with the approval of the superintendent of schools.


Rule 2. Pupils shall be promoted from grade to grade and school to school according to merit. Thorough and satisfactory work will be required of pupils in a lower grade or school before entering a higher grade or school.


Rule 3. Children who have not previously attended any school shall be admitted to the public schools only at the be- ginning of the fall term, unless qualified in the opinion of the teacher and superintedent of schools to do the work.


Rule 4. Pupils shall be held responsible for books loaned to them until returned to the teacher.


Rule 5. No repairs shall be made upon the public property in the care of the school committee except by their authorized agents.


Rule 6. There shall be no signal for "no school" on stormy or inclement days, but parents shall determine in their individual cases whether it is expedient to send their children to school or not.


Rule 7. Schools in the different grade school buildings shall be five and one-quarter hours long, and in the high school building shall be six hours long. In the high school building the six hours shall include one five minute recess, one thirty minute recess for lunch and a compulsory tutoring period of thirty minutes for all students not receiving passing grades in any subject. Students in the high school building, whose grades are above passing in all subjects may be excused from this com- pulsory tutoring period. Primary rooms in the grade school buildings shall have an outdoor recess each afternoon; other


5


rooms shall have a recess of sufficient length to allow pupils to go to basements. Deviation from these hours shall be made only with the consent of the superintendent, and shall be re- ported by him to the school committee at its next monthly meet- ing.


Rule 8. Doors shall not be opened before principals arrive. Pupils may be allowed to come to their rooms with the permis- sion of their room teachers, and pupils coming in barges may enter the basements, if weather conditions make it advisable.


Rule 9. The fire drill shall be given at least once in two weeks.


Teachers in Service, December 31, 1927


School


Teacher


App. Where Educated Home Address


Center :


Marion Towne


1921


Smith


Concord


Edith Taylor


1927


Wheelock


Littleton


South School :


Julia McCarthy


1906


Fitchburg Normal Stow


Helga Nielson


1923


Fitchburg Normal South Acton


Resigned J. 3 1928


Dorothy Glazier


1928 Fitchburg Normal Fitchburg


Elise Dickerman


1906 Fitchburg Normal Ayer


Florence Merriam


1927


Framingham Nor. South Acton


West School :


Maud Priest


1922 Fitchburg Normal West Acton


Marjorie Stearns


1925 Fitchburg Normal West Acton


Mildred Moore


1925


Leslie School West Acton


Teachers in Service, December 31, 1927


Grades VII and VII :


Ella Miller


1899 Framingham Nor. Acton


Olive Valente


1925 Framingham Nor. Newton


Florice Fernald


1927 Mt. Holyoke


Arlington


Acton High School Senior Section


Charles W. Lawrence


1925


Mass. Inst. Tech.


South Acton


Elsie Bixby


1927 Framingham Nor.


Woodville


Boston University


Richard Hood 1927


Dartmouth


Waltham


John F. Hough


1927


Colgate


Aver


Hazel P. Murray


1925


Boston University Lynn


L. Ashley Rich


1925


Northeastern Univ. Concord


E. Louise Turner


1926


Chandler Hanover


JANITORS


High school, Daniel MacDougal, West Acton.


Center school, George Little, Acton. South school, Theron Newton, South Acton. West School, Thomas Scanlon, West Acton.


6


REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE


To the Voters of Acton :


The Acton school committee herewith submits the financial report and the approved reports of our superintendent and super- visors.


We wish to thank them and our teachers for their hearty co-operation throughout the year.


The committee has practiced the strictest economy and are glad to state that the 1927 accounts have been closed, and that we have been able to keep within our appropriation.


Respectfully submitted, SPENCER TAYLOR,


Chairman, Acton School Committee.


ESTIMATES FOR THE SUPPORT OF SCHOOLS FOR THE


FISCAL YEAR 1928


FOR GENERAL EXPENSES


Salaries and other expenses of the Superin-


tendent and Truant Officers


$2,340.00


Clerk for Superintendent 660.00


Salaries of Teachers 27,000.00


Text Books


1,200.00


Supplies ;.


750.00


Janitors wages, fuel and misc. operating expenses


6,800.00


Repairs


1,000.00


Transportation


3,000.00


Health, Aux. Agencies


250.00


Unclassified


1,000.00


$44,000.00


Received by Town of Acton on account of schools for reduc- tion of taxes :


Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Part 1, Chapter 70, General Laws . Tuitions Boxboro and Carlisle 1,927.40


$4,340.00


Total


$6,267.40


7


PAID OUT FOR SUPPORT FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1927


GENERAL CONTROL


Salaries and other expenses of superintedent


and truant officers $2,397.79


Superintendents clerk


563.84


Total control $2,961.63


EXPENSES OF INSTRUCTION


Salaries, Supervisors, Tearchers :


High school and elementary $26,099.92


Textbooks, high school 570.62


Textbooks, elementary 1,425.51


Stationery and supplies, H. S. 376.86


Stationery and supplies, elementary


621.18


Total instruction $29,095.09


EXPENSES OF OPERATION


Wages of janitor, high school


$1,300.00


Fuel, high school


893.29


Miscellaneous


845.43


Total $3,038.72


Wages of janitors, elementary


$2,120.00


Fuel, elementary 1,157.64


Miscellaneous, elementary


389.19


$3,666.83


Total operating


$6,705.55


Maintenance and repairs :


High school, including alterations $886.48


Elementary 614.88


Total repairs


$1,501.36


Health


201.00


Transportation


2,609.13


Outlays and unclassified


913.91


Total expended


$43,987.67


Balance


12.33


Appropriation, 1927


$44,000.00


8


Supt. salary Supt. clerk hire


$2,000.04


563.84


Supt. travel expenses


138.14


Total


$2,702.02


OFFICE EXPENSES AND ENFORCEMENT OF LAW


Michael Foley, census $30.00


W. B. Currier, stamps, etc. 63.35


Emerson & Co., rubber stamp 2.05


Yawman & Erbe, filing equipment


13.44


Finney & Hoit, paper, etc.


8.33


Macmillan Co., books 1.28


C. Smart & Co., account and record books . 12.00


J. L. Hammett, office equipment 17.48


School Service Co., office report blanks ..


8.53


Wright & Potter Printing Co., Curtis reports 4.31


Allen Bros, Corporation, numbering stamp 8.14


New Eng. Tel. & Tele. Co., telephones .. 90.70


$259.61


$2,961.63


Supervisors salary, music


$380.00


Supervisors salary, drawing 220.00


Total


$600.00


Principal high school, salary


$1,500.00


Teachers salary, high school


9,906.00


Teachers salary, elementary


14,093.92


Total


$25,499.92


Total salaries for instruction $26,099.92


EXPENSES OF INSTRUCTION TEXT BOOKS (HIGH) Ginn & Company, high scool texts $118.11


C. C. Birchard & Co., music books 29.54


Edward E. Babb, high school texts 134.60


World Book Company, high school texts . .


1.76


Longmans Green & Co.


.40


C. Merrill Co., high school texts, English books 28.39


Little Brown & Co., high school texts 48.11


The Macmillan Co., high school texts . 1.40


Houghton Mifflin, high school texts, Eng- lish books 49.79


9


Allyn & Bacon, high school texts, Eng- lish books 96.92


Harcout Brace & Co., high school texts ... 1.44


Oxford Book Company, high school texts,


2.80


The Century Company, high school texts,


2.09


C. Cullinnane, trucking


.25


F. T. Welch, books, repairing


24.40


American Book Company


11.05


Rand McNally


19.57


Total


$570.62


TEXTS BOOKS-ELEMENTARY


J. B. Lippincott, elementary texts 31.98


Ginn & Co., music books, Geographies, etc. $486.87


World Book Co. 19.40


Scott Foresman Co., reading books 204.16


C. Pu Dutton & Co.


1.69


C. C. Birchard & Co., music books


8.24


American Book Co. 16.72


D. C. Heath & Co.


334.11


John C. Winston 24.77


C. Cullinnane


.25


Dura Binding Co., book repairs


1.45


The Century Co.


3.10


Edward Babb & Co.


4.83


Macmillan Co., reading books


101.01


Silver Burdett Co., reading books


172.74


F. T. Welch, books repaired


6.50


Lyons & Carnahan


5.12


Warwick & York


1.70


Milton Bradley Co.


1.87


$1,426.51


Total text books $1,997.13


STATIONERY SUPPLIES AND MISCELLANEOUS-HIGH Vannah Lithograph Co., high school Sup- plies $25.00


W. H. Claflin & Co., high school supplies, 7.00


J. L. Hammett & Co., paper, pencils 239.43


A. J. Wilkinson, office supplies 7.70


John Pederson, express .50


Acton Drug Co., high school supplies 2.45


C. C. Birchard Co., music supplies 2.65


Tracy Music Library, music supplies, grad- uation 2.19


10


J. S. Moore, high school supplies 16.80


W. M. Welch, chemistry supplies 8.71


Ryan & Buker, maps, etc. 22.38


Edward E. Babb, high school supplies


26.33


L. E. Knott Apparatus Co., physics equip- ment


11.52


Ginn & Co., students maps


4.20


Total high school $376.86


STATIONERY SUPPLIES AND MISCELLANEOUS-ELEM. J. L. Hammett, paper, note books, pencils $376.17


Ryan & Buker, students maps 24.17


World Book Co., Arith. pads, etc. 24.58


Benjamin Sanborn & Co.


9.51


Finney & Hoit


5.25


Yawman & Erbe


19.25


Milton Bradley Co., drawing supplies


96.21


Edward W. Babb & Co., primary supplies 40.75


Laffin's Express


1.00


Lyons & Carnahan


7.95


Scott Foresman & Co., primary supplies ..


4.98


Iroquois Publishing Co., primary supplies


11.36


Total Elementary $621.18


Total stationery and supplies $998.04


Operating Expenses (High School) Janitors, Fuel and Miscellaneous


Wages of janitor, high school $1,300.00


Fuelite Natural Gas Co. 153.90


South Acton Woolen Co., coal 424.37


John Pederson, trucking fuel


43.00


Total


$1,921.27


Miscellaneous Operating Expenses (High)


A. W. Davis, janitor's supplies, tools, etc., $88.78


American Woolen Co., light 147.94


American Woolen Co., power 94.11


American Woolen Co., special deposit


50.00


West and South Water district 40.96


A. J. Wilkinson


13.01


Masury Young & Co., hand soap, floor oil,


etc. 69.50


Strong & Tracy 1.86


11


C. B. Dolge, janitor's soap and cleaning supplies


11.00


.J. L. Hammett, blackboard equipment, sup- plies, etc. 175.00


Maydale Ginger Ale Co., distilled water batteries


2.25


Commissioner of public safety, boiler in- spection


5 00


'L. E. Knott Apparatus Co., repair of physics instruments


9.75


C. W. Lawrance, refund on express and freight


3.34


William Holt, plumbing repairs


7.30


Fuelite Natural Gas Co., gas for labora- tories 64.80


International Time Recording Co., clock and battery repair


7.88


Acton Drug Co. ..


3.60


Jordan Marsh Co., graduation equipment,


8.20


W. H. Claflin, paper towels, toilet paper ..


39.65


J. S. Moore


1.20


Finney & Hoit


.30


$845.43


Total operating high school


$2,766.70


Operating Expenses, Elementary Janitors, Fuel


Center (1) South (2) West (3)


$640.00


$760.00


$720.00


Fuel, coal,


307.21


451.02


157.16


Wood


80.75


80.75


80.75


$1,027.96 $1,291.77


$957.91


Miscellaneous Operating Expenses (Elementary)


American Radiator Co., flue brushes


Center $


South $


West $


1.13


American Woolen Co., light


10.76


22.86


10.85


West & South Water District ..


18.58


22.11


12.00


Theron Newton, lawn mower ..


3.00


Masury Young, soap, floor oil, janitor's supplies C. Cullinnane, express, C.


21.75


41.75


21.75


freight, etc.


2.00


2.00


2.00


Janitors


12


F. W. Green, cleaning vaults, West


10.00


John Pederson, expressing sup- plies


.80


.90


. 80


Acton Coal & Lumber Co.


.35


Chandler Barber Co.


4.55


4.55


Carter's Furniture Co., piano tuning


4.00


4.00


4.00


W. H. Claflin & Co., paper


20.70


20.70


39.65


A. W. Davis


2.36


Kenney Bros. & Wolkins, seat repairs


29.50


13.10


W. B. Holt


3.30


Herbert Hale, storm windows, doors, etc.


9.50


M. E. Taylor, supplies


2.65


S. W. Perkins


6.25


T. F. Newton, care of building during summer


5.00


C. W. Lawrance, refund express and freight


1.11


1.11


1.12


. 25


. 25


. 25


J. L. Hammett, express fund .. Thomas Scanlon, summer care of building


5.00


Finney & Hoit


.90


$126.20


$131.84


$131.15


Total


$389.19


Summary Operating


Totals


Center $640.00


South $760.00


West $720.00


Coal


307.21


451.02


157.16


Wood


80.75


80.75


80.75


Miscellaneous


126.20


131.84


131.15


Totals


$1,154.16 $1,323.61 $1,089.06


Total operating, elementary


$3,665.83


Maintenance and Repairs-High School


W. B. Holt


$58.54


Burroughs Adding Machine Co. 2.53


South Acton Coal & Lumber Co. .70


A. J. Wilkinson


1.50


B. A. King


97.00


Maynard Machine Shop


2.35


towels, etc.


Janitors


13


O. P. Tucker 3.00


L. T. Fullonton


330.15


C. S. Smith


328.86


John Evans, Jr.


12.00


E. J. Stanley


6.95


Roy Jones


42.90


$886.48


Maintenance-Elementary


C. S. Smith


$13.25


J. H. Bickford


25.00


J. B. Wilson


15.00


Herbert Hale


2.00


L. T. Fullonton


414.11


E. J. Stanley


48.17


Clerk hire


23.85


Roy Jones, clerk hire


28.50


A. Fletcher


45.00


$614.88


Health


High School :


Ernest A. Mayell


$50.00


Elementary :


Norman W. Fradd, posture manikins


1.00


Ernest A. Maxell


150.00


Total


$201.00


Transportation


PRECINCT 1


Driver, Jesse Briggs


$597.00


Storage, Mrs. I. McGregor


72.00


Gas and oil and repairs and replacement ment of chassis :


A. W. Davis, gas and oil, etc. $59.81


Maynard & Acton Oil Co. 95.23


Acton Motor Co., repairs


75.93


Gately Motor Co.


394.71


Registrar of motor vehicles


2.00


Insurance, Paul Hederstedt


$627.68 175.97


Total


$1,472.65


14


PRECINCT 2


Drivers :


Carl Christofferson


$171.00


Edwin Christofferson


201.00


Paul Olsen


222.00


Stuart McGregor


3.00


$597.00


Storage :


Allen Christofferson


$62.00


Paul Olsen


24.00


$86.00


Gas, oil and repairs :


Carl Christofferson, repairs


$ 6.00


O. Laffin


14.71


Hewitt's Tire Shop


83.30


Fletcher Corner Station


92.85


Coughlin's Garage


80.64


Insurance, Paul Hederstedt


175.98


$1,136.48


Total transportation :


Precinct 1


$1,472.65


Precinct 2


1,136.48


Total


$2,609.13


Outlays


Labor on high school drain :


John Gognon, labor


$52.00


Albert Wessel, labor


52.75


Charles Monroe, labor


38.25


A. H. Perkins, labor


21.00


Tim Moynihan, labor


22.00


Otto Geers, labor and blasting


80.89


B. Perkins, Cr., supervision


10.00


Ralph Jones, labor


10.85


Raymond Perkins, labor


5.00


Norman Perkins, labor


5.00


George Penney, labor


8.00


E. P. Gates, sharpening tools


11.50


Alvin H. Fletcher, tile drain


15.00


Total


$332.24


$277.50


15


W. T. Thayer


4.80


W. H. Claflin


17.40


Ryan & Buker, maps, history, H. S.


161.70


Finney & Hoit, electric iron


6.97


Smith Finney, insurance


365.80


$581.67


Total


$913.91


REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS


The School Committee,


Town of Acton, Mass.


Ladies and Gentlemen-It is a pleasure and an honor to present my second annual report as superintendent of schools and the third as principal of the Acton high school. For con- venience the two reports have been combined into one.


The work in the elementary schools and high school has been carried on. It has been possible to give more attention than before to the needs of the elementary grades. The elementary buildings had already been considerably improved outside and in, although they are still in far from first-class shape. The time is coming in the not-too-distant future when first one, then an- other, then possibly the third building will have to undergo thorough renovation, or more likely complete replacement. South school building is more worn out than the other two. There is a noticeable sag in the center of the building due to the settling of the center underpinning, with a corresponding displacement of the cross beams and its support. The building is still safe for use for the present, but will eventually have to be strengthened. The floors and stair treads of South and Center buildings are practic- ally worn out. West building is in almost the same shape and will be in need of new floors in a very few years.


The heating systems of all three grade buildings are not economical to run. In each building there are two hot-air fur- naces, and a steam heater to heat the corridors in severe weather. Each furnace heats only certain rooms, the other furnace heats the remaining rooms. One furnace cannot in any way be made to heat the whole building. On chilly days both furnaces have to be run to take the chill off the rooms, instead of just one.


If the ducts of these buildings could be altered without too great expense, so that one or both furnaces could heat the whole


$25.00


J. L. Hammett, maps, gloves, miscellaneous


16


building, greater economy in operating buildings would be pos- sible. In South school the furnaces are still sound, but consume much more coal than the others, even with most economical running. It is believed that these furnaces are the original ones installed when the building was constructed. Both of the other buildings have been equipped with late types of hot-air furnaces and are much more economical to run. There will be continu- ally mounting expense to maintain and operate these buildings.


Attention this year has been directed towards securing more uniform work in each subject taught in each grade in the differ- ent schools of the town. More text-books and other teaching paraphernalia, as maps, globes, and drill materials, have been provided. The teachers have cooperated wholeheartedly in meeting frequently to discuss their work in different subjects, comparing methods and achievements and planning new work. Two visiting days, one in the spring and one in the fall, have been especially beneficial ; giving us a chance to see how others are doing the same kind of work, how our work may be improved and mistakes avoided. The oral and written reports of these visits are still a source of inspiration to the teachers and myself. Great credit must be given to the teachers for their fine spirit of cooperation and for the good work already done.


During the year a number of teachers resigned to go to other positions. From the high school, Miss Noves, teacher of English ; Miss Bruce, of the commercial department, and Mr. Felt, teacher of modern language and history, have left. Miss Bran- ley and Miss Gilligan, from the grade schools; Miss Willhauck, supervisor of music, have gone to other positions, and Miss Mar- tha Smith retired after twenty-five years of faithful service to the town. Their places have been taken by Mr. Hough of Ayer, Miss Bixby of Woodville, Mr. Hood of Waltham, Miss Fernald of Arlington, Miss Merriam of South Acton, Miss Lovley of Spring- field, and Miss Taylor of Littleton. All have carried on success . fully the work of their predecessors and are achieving worth- while results.


A strong and stable teaching staff, one contented with their conditions and encouraged for their future, is essential to an organization effective over a number of years, helping the chil- dren of the town to develop through that long time from early childhood to maturity. The school committee has consistently followed the policy of "What do the schools need most, and how can we make the funds available most effective." This policy should by all means be continued and extended.


It is fitting that the retiring of a faithful teacher should be recorded and the achievement of a notable quarter-century be spread before her townspeople. To quote the words of a long associate :


"It was with a deep feeling of regret on the part of all con- cerned that we received Miss Martha F. Smith's decision to


17


retire from our teaching force in June, 1927. She taught for a short time in the district school at North Acton and in the neigh . boring towns before attending the Lowell Normal school and in the Model school of the Plymouth (N. H.) Normal school after graduation. Desiring to be at home, she accepted the position of teacher in the Center primary school in September, 1902, where she has given a faithful and devoted service for nearly a quarter- of-a-century. Many happy, eager little faces have looked into her's during that time. They loved their teacher and knew that she loved them and many lessons were learned that did not come from books. Some of those first children took an active part in the World war and many are living useful lives as citizens of this town and elsewhere. May she live many years in our midst to enjoy watching the development of those of the later years also."


During the year the school committee has brought the grade school equipment and work to a higher grade of efficiency. They have spent nearly three-fourths of the money budgeted for text- books, for books in Grades I. to VIII., inclusive. These books include new readers, geographies, some arithmetic books, some language books, and music books.


The basic reading course started in 1926 has been added to, so that it is now almost complete in Grades I. to VI., inclusive. It is of a grade sufficiently stiff to require the pupil to "dig" to master the facts and problems presented with each lesson. At the same time they are graded to the abilities of the children with great care to develop their powers of oral reading, accurate observation, silent reading, memory, and composition, etc.


In the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grades, new geography texts have replaced the ones worn out, so that now every child has a new and up-to-date book. The instruction has been shaped to bring it more in line with the new Massachusetts standard course in geography being taught and developed throughout the great majority of the cities and towns of the state. Further revi- sion and replacement of the text-book equipment in Grades III. to VII. in arithmetic and history is needed.


The essential parts of a carefully graded series of music books have been purchased and are now in use in Grades II. to VIII., inclusive, with rote songs for Grade I. This series not only teaches the child to sing, but through systematic training of the voice and ear lays a foundation so that the child can learn to appreciate the finer types of music.


Work in domestic science was begun in February, 1927, under the instruction of Miss Edith Ames of Littleton, Mass., teaching classes in cooking, sewing, home planning and home management for girls of Grades VII., VIII., and IX., with one class of high school girls. A summary of her work appears elsewhere.


18


The reports of the supervisor of music, of drawing, and the school physician and school nurse appear at the end of this report.


During the year the town of Boxboro has sent thirteen students, and Carlisle one student to the Acton high school. They have entered fully and wholeheartedly into the studies and student life of the school and are taking positions of leadership. They are a most welcome addition to our school.


Very few parents realize the long special work now required to prepare students to go to college. Parents frequently demand of our high school teachers that their children shall take any high school course and yet, "be ready to go to college on graduation, if they want to." This is a misconception of the present position in which all high schools find themselves. Our New England colleges have not only steadily raised and stiffened the requirements for admission, but are even beginning to put on regional restrictions. A quarter-of-a-century ago, almost any bright, capable student could hope to enter the college of his or her choice, without "conditions," on one or two years of intensive preparation in high school after deciding at the end of the sophomore year to attend college. It is now absolutely im- possible to complete a child's preparation for college in one or two years. Four successful years of intensive work in the college course is needed. It is of vital importance that parents and the high school teachers know, if possible, at the beginning of the freshman year, never later than the beginning of the sophomore year, whether the boy or girl has any possible intention of enter- ing college or normal school and is capable of carrying college preparatory work.


There has also been a misconception of the grade of the Massachusetts Normal schools, that they are "easy" to enter for one who does not care to enter college. The requirements of the Normal schools have greatly stiffened and are approximately on the level of a majority of colleges, with an additional restriction of accepting students to their capacity in rotation only. At the present time there are many more graduates from our Normal schools than there are positions available for. This need not discourage the really bright, energetic, and capable girl from entering Normal school.




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