USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Newton > Town of Newton annual report 1886 > Part 23
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Surveys have been made, levels taken, and lines and
560
grades for the laying of water mains have been established on forty-three streets, covering a total length of four and thirty-four one hundredths miles'. There have been located two hundred and ninety-eight services and extensions laid during the year.
The regular meetings of the Water Board have been attended and such subjects investigated or work superin- tended as specially directed by the Water Board, Registrar or Superintendent.
BOARD OF HEALTH.
The City Engineer having been reappointed as Agent of the Board of Health for the Inspection of Plumbing, the work begun last year was carried on as vigorously as possible and the rules have been more rigidly enforced than last year, numerous decisions by the Board having defined more clearly the interpretation of the rules which is held by the Board.
During the year the meetings of the Board have been attended, 1,035 inspections have been made upon 270 houses, and 173 letters have been written, besides numerous verbal requests, decisions, and answers to inquiries. Assistant Engineers Fred. H. Barnes and Arthur L. Woodruff were detailed as Inspectors of Plumbing and inspections were made of ali work which came to the notice of this Department as the progress of the work seemed to warrant. The inspectors devoted to this work such portions of their time as seemed necessary in order to see that the rules were properly observed, and in many cases this work was performed to the serious inconvenience or neglect of the regular engineering work of the city. The past year's experience has demon- strated that the more time they have been able to give to conversation with plumbers and owners in explanation of the rules, the more ready has been the compliance with the requests of the Board. It has also been demonstrated that in order to get the best results, and more perfect work, every
562
step in its execution should be more closely watched. Dur- ing the coming year should the policy of the Board be the same as during the past year, an assistant will be especially assigned to this work.
As stated in my last report, the Board, through the City Council, petitioned the General Court for authority to require all plumbers doing work in this city to be licensed, and March 29, 1886 the General Court passed Chapter 109 of the Acts of 1886 granting the desired authority. An ordinance has been drafted in accordance with this Act and is now under consideration by the Board. That the ordi- nance is needed is shown by the large amount of careless work found to have been done, in one case the entire plumb- ing for a bath room having been done personally by a tenant who was not a plumber. Such an ordinance will not only place the plumbers directly in contact with the Board but will also relieve the plumbers of the pressure to which they are frequently subjected by owners that are either ignorant of their own welfare or desirous of saving expense.
The inspection of new work this year has shown that more care is needed in several particulars. There is a ten- dency to leave the top end of the soil pipe near windows in the roof or other parts of the house so that odors rising through the pipes are blown into the house. In some houses small S traps are used for bath tubs, bowls, sinks or wash tubs. These traps are the same size as the waste pipes and as soon as they collect any grease the diameter begins to diminish, the sectional area of the trap becomes less than that of the waste pipe, and the trap becomes especially sensitive to either suction or force. In the case of one of these traps attached to a bowl on the second floor it was found that the wind blowing across the top of the soil pipe siphoned the trap and allowed the odor from the soil pipe to
563
escape into the room. As the bowl was in a sleeping room and within three feet of the head of the bed the danger is apparent to any one. In another case, a trap of this kind was found attached to a kitchen sink, the diameter of the trap being only three-quarters of an inch.
In the cheaper grade of houses, where the only fixture is a sink, it has been quite common in the past to use either a lead S trap or to place a large six inch earthen trap outside of the house in the main drain. During the past year an endeavor has been made to improve this plan. The small S trap is entirely unfitted for a kitchen sink on account of the large amount of grease which has to pass through it ; the large earthen trap is so much larger than the waste pipe from the sink that it is liable to stoppage not only by the collection of grease, but by reason of the insufficient scouring it gets; this trap is usually buried up in such a way that it cannot be readily opened and cleaned. The trap recommended is the lead drum or round trap; under all ordinary circumstances this trap is practically anti-siphoning. It is generally set upon the floor under the sink, has a brass screw cover, can be readily opened and the grease removed as often as may be necessary. It has also been common in the cheaper grade of houses to construct a wash vault, so called. By this arrangement a vault is built having a pipe leading out from the bottom to a cesspool ; the waste pipe from the kitchen sink runs into the vault and is supposed to wash out all the deposit. It is a primitive water-closet, but the flow of water from the sink rarely comes while the deposit is in a condi- tion to be readily moved; the force of the water is rarely sufficient, and the general result is a combination of sink water and fæcal matter which is much more offensive than either alone. The dry vault, well cared for, and into which sink water is not allowed to enter, is much less offensive and is no more expensive.
564
More care should be used in running vent pipes from traps. These pipes should be so arranged as to have a constant upward direction. In connecting traps with the main vent pipe, it has been necessary in some cases to run the vent pipe up and then down into the main vent, in order to avoid cut- ting partitions, beams or floors ; it can readily be seen that although this arrangement may not destroy the ventilation entirely, yet it is a defect and the downward turn prevents the perfect action of the pipe. In all cases of this kind care must be used to prevent any sags which may become traps by reason of condensation or other causes. All vent and soil pipes should be run as near as possible to warm chimneys or the inside walls of the house in order to secure by reason of the warmth of the pipes a constant upward tendency of the air within them. When gas or screw pipe is used for ventilation pipes, extra care should be taken that all joints are made tight. Where branches or vent pipes are left for future fixtures, care must be taken to see that the ends are properly plugged ; in one case this year a two inch vent pipe was left open at the head of the cellar stairs in a position from which the gas could readily escape into all parts of the house.
During the year numerous examinations have been made of private houses at the request of either the owner or the tenant. Owing to the prevailing method of running all pipes inside of partitions or beneath floors which are securely nailed down, it is often quite difficult and sometimes impos- sible to make satisfactory examinations. All pipes should be run in positions where they can be readily exposed to view and in no case enclosed in plastered partitions. This sug- gestion I consider of value not only from the sanitary point of view, but also on account of the economy in making repairs. All spaces enclosing soil, waste or vent pipes should be ventilated.
565
The principal source of trouble in old houses has arisen from the continued use of the pan water closets which be- come foul in the receiver and defy cleaning except by taking them entirely apart. This style of closet is being largely replaced by the various patterns of hopper closets which are usually provided with a copious flush of water and can be readily kept clean. A source of bad odor is the lint and dust which collects under a water closet back of the front board. In pan closets there is often a leakage of the valves and in hopper closets a slight condensation which runs down on to the floor and keeps this lint and dust damp and finally produces a bad odor. If water closets were finished without front boards this defect would not occur and any leakage would be immediately discovered. In the old style of water closets the urine shield is often of wood or lead ; the wood becomes saturated and the lead is seldom washed, so that the action of the urine upon either the wood or the lead is ex- tremely offensive ; enamelled iron shields are now generally used and they are not open to the above objections. The crockery and the shield of every water closet should be fre- quently washed and should be at all times kept clean and sweet. Water closets do not always have sufficient scour of water when used to properly clean them or to remove all de- posit.
It was formerly customary to run the waste pipe from the bath tub and bowl in the bath room directly into the trap of the water closet without any trap for these fixtures except that of the water closet. The result is a liability of fæcal matter to stop up the waste pipes and bad odors fre- quently arise from them. In some instances the waste pipes have become so stopped from this cause, that water dis- charged from the bowl backs up into the bath tub and then slowly runs off from there. In one case noticed the bath
566
tub was pitched the wrong way and when the water from the bowl backed into the tub about one-half inch of dirty water remained at the head of the tub and could not run off. In some cases bath rooms or water closets are placed in rooms without windows; they should never be placed where they cannot have plenty of sunlight and air.
In one building the exhaust pipe from a steam engine in the basement was connected with a soil pipe which did not extend through the roof, the result being that the steam forced every trap in the tenements above, and frequently puffed out in the rooms. In one house that was repaired it was found that there had never been a trap on any fixture in the house, and one of the bath rooms in the house opened di- rectly into a sleeping apartment.
After inspecting one residence the following report was sent to the tenant : "Hopper closet in cellar with direct sup- ply from the city main, very poor flush or scour; wash tubs in cellar have drum trap apparently all right; bowl on first floor not known whether trapped or not; kitchen sink on first floor in same condition; waste pipe from bowl on second floor deposits contents in bath tub; waste from bath tub very slow, apparently stopped ; no trap appears upon either bowl or bath tub; pan water closet sends out very strong stench when pan is dropped ; the crockery and lead urine shield on this closet were extremely dirty and should be washed; gen- eral smell of bath room very foul and recommend that windows be kept open; soil pipe stops at second floor, has no foot vent and joints are apparently made of putty ; same tank used to supply water closet on second floor that is used for boiler in kitchen."
The foregoing cases are samples that are frequently met by the inspectors and show the necessity which has existed for the rigid enforcement of the Rules ordered by the Board.
567
I am pleased to say that I think both owners and plumbers are appreciating more and more the necessity of more care in de- signing sanitary appliances and that the standard of work has been raised very much during the past year.
.
PUBLIC PROPERTY.
Under the direction of the Joint Standing Committee on Public Property plans were made for the alterations at the stables at Newton Upper Falls. The contract was awarded to Lyman A. Ross. The work consisted in re-arranging the former stable, and building a single story brick addition fifteen feet by nineteen feet six inches. The cellar of the old stable, which had been very offensive on account of the large amount of manure which accumulated in it, was thoroughly cleaned out ; the soil under it which had become saturated was removed; about two feet of clean gravel was filled in, and a floor of cement concrete six inches in thickness was laid over the whole cellar. A brick wall to keep out the ground water was built up against the stone wall all around the cellar, inside, to a height of two feet above the new cellar bottom. A partition was set in the old stable to separate the fire and highway stables; two stalls were allowed to the fire department and the old box stall in that department was enlarged ; four stalls were built in the highway stables. The entire floor of the old stable was removed and repaired. The wall between the old stable and the new addition was removed and the wall above supported by iron I beams and a post. The addition being used as a part of the highway stable gives more room than formerly for the stable work. A ventilation shaft was run up from the stable to the top of the main building.
569
The plumbing at Engine House No. 2 has been repaired and re-arranged and is now in better condition.
The plans made last year for improving the grounds of the Williams School House have been executed. The grading of the yard and slopes has been partially completed, the lawns have been graded and seeded and the walks have been partially concreted.
Plans have been made for improving the condition of the out-house at the Franklin School House.
SEWERAGE
In accordance with a recommendation of His Honor the Mayor, a'Joint Special Committee on Sewerage was appointed, consisting of Aldermen Edward H. Mason and George M. Fiske, and Councilmen Andrew J. Fiske, N. Henry Chadwick and Lewis E. Coffin.
Early in March a meeting of the committee was held and a report made to the City Council favoring the plans of the Metropolitan Drainage Commission, whereupon the following resolve was passed by the City Council :
"Resolved: That in the opinion of the City Council the report made to the Legislature by a Commission appointed to consider a General System of Drainage for the Valleys of the Mystic, Blackstone and Charles Rivers, offers the most satisfactory solution of the problem of disposal of the sewerage of Newton, and that the Mayor, City Solicitor and the Chairman of the Joint Special Committee on Sewerage be requested to attend the hearings of the Committee on Drainage and Sewerage at the State House, in behalf of the City, to favor said report, and that our Representatives be requested to favor the passage of the legislation recom- mended in said report."
In accordance with the requests of said resolves the representatives of the City appeared before the Committee on Drainage and Sewerage at the State House and urged that steps be taken as soon as possible toward the construc-
571
tion of disposal sewers. In these requests they were joined by the representatives of the City of Waltham and the Town of Watertown, but the plans of the Commission met with strong opposition from the Cities of Cambridge and Somer- ville, they having their sewer systems practically con- structed and discharging directly into the Charles River.
As a result of this opposition no action was taken by the Legislature tending to give relief to the district; neither does it appear probable that favorable action will be taken for a number of years. In the mean time the City of New- ton is increasing in population, the ground in many localities is becoming surcharged with sewerage, and must be a con- stant menace to the health of the community.
In the absence of any immediate action for relief on the part of the State, I would recommend that a joint special committee of the City Council be created and that immedi- ate steps be taken to determine if some method of disposal cannot be devised, by which relief can be obtained.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
I wish to acknowledge with pleasure the support of His Honor the Mayor, the Water Board, the Board of Health, and the various committees of the City Council to this De- partment in the discharge of its duties.
I desire also to acknowledge the courtesies shown by the various heads of departments and the co-operation of the assistants of this department.
Respectfully submitted,
ALBERT F. NOYES, City Engineer.
ORDINANCES RELATING TO THE CITY ENGINEER'S DE- PARTMENT ORDINANCE IX. CITY ENGINEER.
SECTION 1. The office of City Engineer is hereby established.
SECT. 2. He shall have charge of all the plans of the streets, drains, sewers, water-works and lands of the city: and shall classify them and put them in convenient form for reference and use. He shall make all plans, surveys, measurements, and levels pertaining to the streets, drains, sewers, lands, water-works, &c., and perform such other duties properly belong- ing to his office as may be required of him by the Mayor, the Board of Aldermen, or any com- mittee of the City Council. Drains and sewers shall be constructed and repaired under his su- pervision and direction.
SECT. 3. He shall prepare all orders, re- solves, and other papers relating to street widen- ings, extensions, and alterations, which the Joint Standing Committee on Highways may require, and shall furnish the City Solicitor with descrip- tions of lands at his request.
SECT. 4. He shall keep a set of books show- ing all the debits and credits to every estate, the
Office: estab- lished.
Duties. Charge of plans
Make plans, surveys, &c.
Orders, &c.
Accounts
573
whole or a portion of which may be taken to lay out, widen, or extend a street, or which may be assessed under any betterment law ; and all bills for assessments made under any betterment law shall be made out by him, and deposited with the City Treasurer for collection.
SECT. 5. He shall annually in the month of January present to the City Council a report for the year ending on the last day of December preceding, giving in detail the cost of all special work of the highway department, the expenses of his own department, the number of persons employed therein, and a description of the work done.
ORDINANCE XV.
WATER.
SECT. 13. Applications for the extension of the main water-pipes shall be presented to and acted upon by the City Council ; but no such ex- pipes. tension shall be made until the City Engineer has established the line and grade to which the pipes should be laid, and certified to the same in writing to the Registrar.
No extension shall be made upon an unaccept- ed street unless the City Engineer finds that it is graded to a proper level, and those of the abut- tors whose consent is necessary give it in due form.
SECT. 14. Applications for service-pipe shall be made to the Registrar. When the cost, esti- mated by him, of the applicant's part has been deposited, the pipe shall be laid. From the main
Reports.
Extension of main water
Application for service-pipe.
574
pipe to the street line opposite the point of con- nection, it shall be laid at the expense of the city, and the remainder at the cost of the appli- cant. The account shall be adjusted, and any balance paid, before the water is let on.
The location of service-pipe shall be fixed by the City Engineer.
ORDINANCE XVI.
HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT .- STREETS AND WAYS.
SECT. 4. Under the direction of the City En- gineer, he (the Superintendent of Streets) shall attend to the making and repairing of drains and sewers.
ORDINANCE XXIV. BUILDINGS.
SECT. 5. No person shall proceed to erect or make alterations in the location or grade of any fence, wall or building, a part of which is to abut upon a public street, lane, square or alley, with- out first applying to the City Engineer for the lines and grade of the street, lane, square or alley upon which he intends to build. Such application shall be made at least fifteen days be- fore the work is begun; and the City Engineer shall within said time furnish the required lines and grade without charge, if in his power so to do. In default of such application the city shall be discharged from all responsibility for damages resulting from such default.
SECT. 6. Whenever the City Engineer ascer- Violation. tains that any structure has been placed in vio- lation of the preceding section, he shall at once
Drains and sewers.
Applications to City Engineer for street lines and grade.
575
give notice to the Mayor and Aldermen, in writing of such violation ; and upon receipt of such notice the Mayor and Aldermen may forth- with issue an order to the party offending, direct- ing that the structure be removed within the time therein specified ; and in case of non- compliance, the Mayor and Aldermen shall direct that the incumbrance be removed at the expense of the delinquent.
SECT. 7. Whoever violates any provision of the two preceding sections of this ordinance, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty dollars.
By vote of the Board of Health June 8, 1885, the City Engineer was appointed Agent of the Board for the Inspec- tion of Plumbing and authorized to enforce the following rules of the Board :
Penalty.
RULES AND REGULATIONS -OF THE-
BOARD OF HEALTH.
TO BE ENFORCED BY THE AGENT FOR THE INSPECTION OF PLUMBING.
RULE 1. Every tenement shall be provided with a suit- able water-tight privy vault, or with a water-closet connected with a water-tight underground drain of proper size to carry off the contents, and with a similar drain to carry off the waste water to a cesspool.
b. Every privy vault or cesspool shall be built in a thor- ough and substantial manner, and located so that the inside of the same shall be at least three feet distant from the line of any adjoining lot or street. Cesspools must be of suffi- cient size to contain at least eighty cubic feet, eighteen inch- es below the surface of the ground, and, when not water- tight, must be at least twenty feet from the cellar wall of any tenement or dwelling, and two rods distant from any well, spring, or other source of water supply used for culinary purposes.
RULE 17. Unless the Board of Health shall permit other- wise, the drainage system of a hotel, tenement house, dwell- ing house, stable with sleeping apartments, or factory, in the city of Newton, Massachusetts, shall be constructed as fol- lows:
SECT. 1-FILING PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS. No per- son shall proceed to construct, add to, or alter any portion of the drainage system of said buildings (except to repair
577
leaks), until they have filed at the office of the City Engi- neer, upon blanks in such form as the Board of Health shall order, a notice of the work to be performed. No person shall commence work on such drainage or plumbing until the plans are approved by the Board of Health. Plans and specifications will be approved or rejected within five days of the time of filing. After a plan has once been approved, no alteration of the same will be allowed except on a written application of the owner.
SECT. 2-NOTICE. The Board of Health must be notified when any work is ready for inspection, and all work must be left uncovered and convenient for examination until in- spected and approved.
SECT. 3-INSPECTION. All plumbing work in new build- ings or new work in old buildings, shall be tested by the Board of Health, with the hydraulic or such other test as the Board may direct ; and in case the work does not stand the test, and the same is not repaired within ten days, the water shall be turned off, by order of said Board, and not let on again till the plumbing has been pronounced satis- factory by the said Board.
SECT. 4-MAIN DRAIN. Every building herein referred to shall be separately and independently connected with a common sewer or cesspool.
That portion of the house-drain which is outside of the building, and more than four (4) feet from the foundation walls, shall be constructed of extra heavy cast iron soil pipe or of the best quality of vitrified drain pipe.
That portion of the house-drain which is inside the walls, or under the building, and that portion outside of the build- ing and within four feet of the foundation wall, must be of iron pipe with a fall of at least one half (1-2) inch to the foot. It must run along the cellar wall, and be securely fastened thereto, or suspended from the floor timbers in iron hangers.
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When impracticable, it shall be laid in a trench, beneath the basement or cellar floor, provided with movable covers and walled up of such a width as to admit of access to all joints.
SECT. 5-TRAPS. The house drain must have a trap located beyond all house connections, of the same size as the drain, provided with a hand hole for convenience in cleaning.
SECT. 6-FRESH AIR INLETS. There must be a fresh air inlet pipe entering the drain on the house side of the main trap, of not less than four inches internal diameter, extend- ing therefrom to the external air and terminating at a point not less than three (3) feet above the ground, away from all windows.
SECT. 7-SOIL PIPE. All pipes receiving the discharge from water closets must be of iron at least four (4) inches internal diameter, and continued of undiminished size at least two (2) feet above the roof, away from all windows, and left open at the top.
SECT. 8-BRANCHES. All branches over ten feet in length must be continued of undiminished size to the roof, and car- ried up at least four inches internal diameter through the roof, and project at least two feet above it, and left open.
SECT. 9-CONNECTIONS. All connections with horizontal pipes shall be made by 1-8 bends and Y branches, and all changes in direction shall be by curved pipe. No trap shall be placed at the foot of a vertical soil pipe.
SECT. 10-WASTE PIPES. All waste pipes from sinks, basins, bath tubs, wash tubs, etc., of two inches or less inter- nal diameter, shall be of lead; all over two inches must be of iron.
SECT. 11-RAIN WATER CONDUCTORS. Wherever rain water conductors are connected with any pipe of the drain- age system of the house, that portion within the house, or
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under ground, or five feet above the ground, to be of cast iron pipe with lead joints, and in all cases provided with an extra deep trap where it enters the house drain. No rain water conductor shall be used as a soil pipe.
SECT. 12-TRAPS. Every pipe connecting a water closet with the soil pipe must be trapped close to the connection with the water closet. Every waste pipe must be trapped close to the fixture, and separately from any water closet.
SECT. 13-SAFE WASTES. All waste pipes from safes under fixtures must be run separately to basement or cellar, and left open; in no case must they be connected with the soil pipe or any other waste pipe.
SECT. 14-REFRIGERATOR WASTES. No waste pipe from a refrigerator or other receptacle in which food or provisions are stored shall be connected with a drain, soil or other waste pipe, but must be separated therefrom by an open sink or tray furnished with a trap.
SECT. 15-TANK OVERFLOW. All overflow pipes from tanks must be left open and in sight. In no case shall it be run into a soil or waste pipe.
SECT. 16-VENTILATION OF TRAPS. All traps must be furnished with a vent pipe run from the crown of the trap. The vent pipe from a water closet trap must be at least two inches in diameter; other vent pipes must be as large as the waste pipe from the trap. All ventilation pipes from a soil or waste pipe must be run, of undiminished size, separately or combined together, to the roof and carried up at least four inches, internal diameter, through the roof and at least two feet above it, and left open, or may be run into a soil pipe above all connections. In no case shall a soil, waste or ven- tilating pipe from a soil or waste pipe be connected with a chimney. No brick earthenware or sheet metal pipes shall be used for ventilation pipes from a soil or waste pipe.
SECT. 17-CAST IRON PIPES. All cast iron pipes must be free from holes and other defects, of a uniform thickness of not less than 1-8 inch for a diameter of four inches or less,
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and not less than 5-32 of an inch, for 5 and 6-inch pipe, and shall have the full weight of the following table for the cor- responding diameters :
Internal diameter. Ordinary pipe.
Extra heavy pipe.
5 1-2 1b. per ft.
3 inches, 4 1-2 " 66
4 inches. 6 1-2 . 66
5 inches, 8
66
17
66 .6 6 inches, - - 10 66
- 20
- 13 - 66 66 9 1-2 66
66 66 66
66
And before being connected shall be thoroughly coated in- side and out with coal-tar pitch, applied hot by immersion, or some equivalent substance satisfactory to the City Engineer.
SECT. 18-QUALITY OF JOINTS. Every joint in earthen pipe shall be made in hydraulic cement, care being taken that the inside of the joints and of the pipe is properly cleaned out before connection is made with the house. Every joint in lead pipe shall be made in solder, and wiped joints are to be used where practicable. Every joint of an iron and a lead pipe shall be made by a brass ferrule of same size as lead pipe, set in the hub of the branch of the iron pipe, and caulked with lead; the lead pipe to be attached to the ferrule by a wiped solder joint. Every joint in a cast- iron bell and spigot pipe to be made with packed oakum and molten lead well caulked, at least 1 1-2 inches deep, and made water and air-tight, and no paint or putty shall be allowed until tested. Where screw-joints are used, they shall be packed in red-lead and made steam-tight.
SECT. 19-WATER CLOSET SUPPLY. No water closet shall be supplied directly from the house supply pipe, but shall be supplied from a special water tank or cistern used for no other purpose.
RULE 18. Whoever shall violate any provision of these rules, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred dol- lars, and a like penalty for every day after the first offence shall be committed.
-
2 inches. 3 1-2 1b. per ft.
CONTENTS.
Appropriations, Transfers, Mayors Warrants i 341
Assets
332
Board of Health Report
133
Board of Health, Agent Inspection Plumbing
561
Board of Health Rules, etc.,
576
City Auditor, Duties of
321
66 66 Report .
299
City Clerk, Births, Marriages and Deaths, Voters, Enrolled Militia, Dogs, etc., City Engineer, Agent Board of Health
507
66 66 Highways
66
66 Ordinance relating to
572
66 66 Public Property
568
66 66
Report 517
570
66 Water Department
559
City Government
306
City Treasurer's Account
Debt, permanent
Expenses
338 345
Ledger Balances
346
Liabilities .
330
Read Fund, Trustees Report
351
Receipts
336
Receipts and Expenditures .
351
Sinking Funds, Commissioner's Report 347
Taxes and Taxable Valuation 345
561
532
66 66 Sewerage ·
325 344
Kenrick Fund Statement
ii
CONTENTS.
DETAIL OF RECEIPTS.
Almshouse
351
Armory
352
Betterments
352
City Hall .
352
Collector's Fees
353
Corporation Tax
353
Dog Tax
353
Drains and Culverts
353 354
Funded Debts-Water Bonds .
354
Funded Debt-Public Library Loan . .
355
Funded Debt-High School Loan
355
Gravel Land
356
Highway Department
356
Interest on Farlow Park Betterments
358
Interest on Deposits
359
Interest on Taxes
359
Interest on City Loans
359
Interest on Real Estate Tax Title
360
Kenrick Fund Income
361
Miscellaneous
361
National Bank Tax
361
Newton Free Library
362
Police Department
362
Poor out of Almshouse
362
Peddlers' Licenses
364
Parks and Squares
364
Public Property
364
Record and Other Fees
365
Interest on Water Bonds
359
Indigent Soldiers and Sailors
360
Druggists' License Fees
iii
CONTENTS.
Real Estate Tax Title
365
Read Fund Income
365
School Incidentals
365
Ships Engaged in Foreign Trade
365
Sinking Fund Commissioners
366
Sidewalks and Curbing
366
State aid
366
Suspense Account
366
Taxes, 1883 to 1887
366
Temporary Loans
368
Tuition for Non-Resident Pupils
367
Water Construction .
486
Water Department
369
Water Maintenance .
369
Water Meters and Service-Pipes
369
Water-Rates
369
Water-Rates by Meters
369
DETAIL OF EXPENDITURES.
Almshouse
370
Armory expenses
373
Auburndale Williams Schoolhouse
373
Auburndale Sub-way
373
Board of Health
375
Books, Stationery and Printing
374
Burial-Grounds .
376
Conveyance of Pupils
377
Curbing
377
City Hall
377
City Engineer's Department
379
Drains and Culverts
.
380
Evening Schools
-
.
382
.
.
CONTENTS. iv
Fire Department
383
Funded Debt
399
Funded Debt, Schoolhouse Note
399
Gravel Land
400
Highways, General Repairs
400
Highways, Widening, Reconstruction and Im- provements 412
Interest on City Loans, permanent
412
Interest on City Loans, temporary
413
Interest on Water Bonds .
414
Indigent Soldiers and Sailors
414
Land Damages .
415
Memorial Day
416
Miscellaneous Expenses
416
Newton Free Library
430
Newton Free Library Addition .
434
Parks and Squares
434
Police Department
435
Poor out of Almshouse
439
Poor out of Almshouse, Commonwealth of Mas- sachusetts 445
Public Property
445
Removal of Ashes
452
Read Fund Income
453
Salaries
453
Schools, Enlargement of High School Building
462
Schools, Incidentals .
462
Sidewalks and Street Crossings
469
Sinking Fund, City Debt . ·
469
Sinking Fund, School Loan
470
Sinking Fund, Water Bonds
170
Sinking Fund, Public Park Loan
470
·
.
.
.
Schools, General Appropriation for
454
V
CONTENTS.
State Aid .
470
Street Light Department
471
Suspense Account
473
Taxes, County, Corporation, National Bank, State 473
Temporary Loans
474
Use of Hydrants
474
Underwood Schoolhouse, improvement of . 475
Water Construction . 481
Water Maintenance .
475
Water Meters and Service Pipe
479
Water Rebate
481
Schedule of City Property, Real and Personal . 486
Table showing the Number of Polls, Real and
Personal Estate, etc., 493
Table showing Amount paid for Support of Poor out of Almshouse, from 1851 to 1886 inclusive . 494
Salaries of City Officers, 1886 494
City Government, 1887
499
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