USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Newton > Town of Newton annual report 1887 > Part 20
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Cyanosis
1
1
1
. .
. .
2
1
3 5
Drowning
. .
..
..
..
..
..
1
Eclampsia
Erysipelas
3
Exhaustion .
Femur, compound fracture of,
1
.
1
. .
..
1
. .
.
1 1
1 1 7 1
Fever, typhoid malarial Gangrene Gastritis .
1
..
. .
. .
. .
1 1 1 22
Heart, neuralgia of
.
. .
. .
.
1
1
. .
3 2
Hemorrhage
. .
. .
..
1
. .
. .
1
1
. .
. .
1
: :
2
..
3 : co : : 1
1
Accident, railroad
:
..
1
. .
..
1
.. 2
1
1 11
1
..
1
..
..
..
.
1
..
1 13
Cholera morbus
Consumption
1
. .
.
1
.. 1
1
1
. .
.
. .
1
. .
1
1 .
1
. .
Endocarditis
..
1
.
.
. . 1 1
. .
. .
.
. .
...
1
. .
..
. .
1
..
..
..
Heart disease .
1 1
. .
..
..
. .
1
1 1
. .
1 1
Diabetes .
1
.
4
2
1 3
. .
3
5
.
. .
1 2
. . : :
. .
1
1
7 1 3
Apoplexy
..
.
2
1 2
. .
..
1 4 1 1 : : : : HHAH
..
.
..
.
1
..
. .
. .
22
Deaths Registered by the City Clerk in 1887.
STATEMENT SHOWING CAUSES OF DEATH IN EACH MONTH - Concluded.
DISEASES.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
DECEMBER.
TOTAL.
Infantile .
Intestinal obstruction
. .
..
. .
1
. .
. .
..
Laryngitis, acute .
1
N. 2
. .
. .
.
. .
Liver, cirrhosis of
1
..
.
..
. .
.
. .
..
.
1
Liver, sclerosis of
Lung, cmpyema of
2
1
1
..
. .
1
1
..
1
2
1
4
14
Omentum, cancer of Paralysis
3
..
2
1
1
1
1
. .
. .
1
Peritonitis
1
1
1
3
1 1
1 1
. .
. .
1
9
Pneumonia
1
2
5
4
1
1
1
3
2
1
21
Prostration from heat
Pyæmia, puerperal .
Rifle-shot wound .
Scrofula
1
. .
.
. .
. .
..
..
1
11 5
Stomach, cancer of
1
. .
. .
..
1
1
1
1
..
1
Strangulation
1
. .
. .
. .
..
.
.
.
.
. .
1 1
Teething .
1
1
. .
. .
..
..
.
..
. .
Tuberculosis
..
. .
1
. .
. .
. .
..
..
..
Tumor, ovarian
Total deaths in cach month,
19
15
36
23
32
30
25
34
27
23
28
29
321
. .
:
1 . -
. .
. .
..
. .
1
Jaundice .
1
Liver, cancer of
..
..
. .
1
1
1
1
2
..
. .
.
1
2
1
. .
..
1
1
1
. .
7 1
Old age
Pelvic bones, disease of
.
.
.
.
. .
.
..
. .
1
1
. .
. .
.
. .
. .
..
. .
..
. .
1
..
..
. .
1
..
. .
.
. .
1
Stillborn .
1
. .
2
1
1
1
2
2
Stomach, disease of .
Stomach, inflammation of
. .
. .
1
..
. .
..
. .
..
Suffocation
. .
. .
. .
..
·
1
..
. .
2
2
. .
. .
..
. .
1
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
1
. .
1
..
. .
. .
·
.
..
. .
. .
..
1
2
..
..
6
Nephritis
Never nourished
..
..
1
. .
. .
. .
1
..
4
Liver, induration of
1
Marasmus
5
Measles .
3
Meningitis
Pleurisy .
1
1
..
1
. .
. .
. .
1
..
1
..
.
..
. .
. .
1
1
Sunstroke
. .
1
1
.
1
Splenitis .
..
. .
..
1
1
. .
1 1
.
. .
1
. .
2
..
1
6
1
2
.
1
1
2
..
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
OF
THE CITY OF NEWTON.
1 887.
VOLUME XLVIII.
RTY AND UN
FOUNDED
$25€
CITY1873
163(
8
NONA
UM
PORAT
BOSTON RAND AVERY COMPANY, THE FRANKLIN PRESS, II7 FRANKLIN STREET.
ORGANIZATION OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
JANUARY, 1887.
HON. J. WESLEY KIMBALL, MAYOR, CHAIRMAN, ex officio. LEWIS E. COFFIN, PRESIDENT COMMON COUNCIL, ex officio. FISHER AMES, CHAIRMAN. THOMAS EMERSON, SECRETARY AND SUPERINTENDENT.
ELECTIVE MEMBERS.
WARDS.
TERM OF OFFICE EXPIRES.
EDMUND W. CONVERSE
I.
January, 1889
CHARLES H. STONE
I. January, 1889
JOHN W. DICKINSON
II. January, 1889
A. AMELIA SMEAD II. January, 1889
FISHER AMES III. January, 1888
GEORGE A. WALTON
III. January, 1888
WILLIAM S. SMITH . IV. January, 1888 ISAAC HAGAR IV. January, 1888
WALTER C. FROST V.
January, 1890
ALBERT B. PUTNEY V. January, 1890
CHARLES C. BARTON . VI. January, 1890
WILLIAM D. PHILBRICK
VI. January, 1890
GEORGE W. SHINN .
VII. . January, 1890
ALONZO S. WEED
VII. January, 1888
STANDING COMMITTEES.
HIGH SCHOOL.
FISHER AMES. WILLIAM S. SMITH. EDMUND W. CONVERSE. ALBERT B. PUTNEY.
JOHN W. DICKINSON. CHARLES C. BARTON. GEORGE W. SHINN, AND MAYOR ex officio.
WARD ONE.
EDMUND W. CONVERSE. CHARLES H. STONE. JOHN W. DICKINSON.
WARD TWO.
JOHN W. DICKINSON. A. AMELIA SMEAD. GEORGE W. SHINN.
WARD THREE.
FISHER AMES. GEORGE A. WALTON. ISAAC HAGAR.
WARD FOUR.
ISAAC HAGAR. WILLIAM S. SMITH.
FISHER AMES. WARD FIVE.
ALBERT B. PUTNEY. WALTER C. FROST. WILLIAM D. PHILBRICK.
WARD SIX.
CHARLES C. BARTON. WILLIAM D. PHILBRICK.
WALTER C. FROST.
6
WARD SEVEN.
GEORGE W. SHINN.
ALONZO S. WEED. EDMUND W. CONVERSE. EVENING SCHOOLS.
GEORGE W. SHINN. A. AMELIA SMEAD. GEORGE A. WALTON.
DRAWING, MUSIC, AND SEWING.
A. AMELIA SMEAD. GEORGE W. SHINN. ALBERT B. PUTNEY.
TEXT-BOOKS.
CHARLES C. BARTON. ALONZO S. WEED. WILLIAM S. SMITH.
RULES AND REGULATIONS.
WILLIAM S. SMITH. GEORGE A. WALTON. WALTER C. FROST.
SALARIES.
EDMUND W. CONVERSE. JOHN W. DICKINSON. LEWIS E. COFFIN.
SCHOOLHOUSES.
CHARLES H. STONE. 4 JOHN W. DICKINSON. FISHER AMES.
ACCOUNTS.
ISAAC HAGAR. FISHER AMES. GEORGE A. WALTON.
SUPPLIES.
ALONZO S. WEED. WILLIAM D. PHILBRICK.
EDMUND W. CONVERSE.
City of Newton.
IN BOARD OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE, Oct. 26, 1887.
The Chair appointed the following members as the com- mittee to prepare the Annual Report : viz., Edmund W. Con- verse, John W. Dickinson, Walter C. Frost.
IN BOARD OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE, Dec. 28, 1887. . The Annual Report was presented by Mr. Frost, and adopted.
Ordered, That twenty-five hundred copies of the Annual Report be printed.
THOMAS EMERSON, Secretary.
REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
THE forty-eighth annual report of the School Committee is herewith submitted.
The schools of the city show a marked degree of efficiency and uniform excellence. It is the opinion of the Board, that they were never more thoroughly organized, nor better in- struted and equipped for their proper work, than at the present time. This is not an accident. The wisely directed efforts of able and disinterested school boards extending .over along period of years, constitute a chief factor in this result. Their labors have been made a pleasure by the evidentsatisfaction with which the people of the city viewed their wok.
The Committee have always had their efforts supplemented by liberalappropriations, and, in the last few years, by intelli- gent supervision, through the employment of a superintendent. Many peope of the city to-day believe that the outlay of money in support of schools is excessive, and that the em- ployment of superintendent is needless.
EXPENSE.
A careful examination of this subject must lead to the con- clusion, that, in city made up like ours; any common system of public work mist necessarily be expensive; and your Com-
10
mittee believe that the public schools of Newton cannot main- tain their present efficiency if any material reduction is made in the school appropriations. Either the present outlay is justified, or the plan upon which the schools are organized and conducted is wrong.
The superintendent has prepared from data at hand a table showing the annual expenses of our schools for ten years. and a statement showing how the city of Newton compares, in this department of expenditure, with other cities and towns of the Commonwealth. We ask your careful attention to this report, which is appended.
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
The statutes of the Commonwealth have made it the Auty of the school committees to organize the schools, to provide the means of teaching, to select the teachers, to supervise their work and aid them in its performance, and to execute the laws relating to the attendance of the children.
From the nature and extent of the duties imposed ipon the school committee, it will be seen that many of these duties cannot be efficiently and thoroughly performed excep by those who have had a successful experience in teaching ant in school management, and who are employed to devote their entire time to the work.
School boards, as generally constituted, have neither the faculty nor the time for the efficient performance of their duties. The employment, therefore, of specid supervision, made intelligent by constant study and practices is a necessity, as well as in the interest of a true economy.
Our present superintendent has had the general charge of the schools of the city for the past three vars. His faith-
11
fulness and skill as a superintendent of schools are shown in the changes he has brought about in our schools at large. Through his efforts the teaching-force has been improved in a most marked degree. This has been done by a careful and wise selection of teachers, by calling them together once each month for a mutual discussion of methods of teaching and topics of study, and by a skilful supervision of their daily work in the schoolroom. An inspection of the schools will show that they are now well supplied with the most approved means of teaching, and that they are instructed in accordance with natural methods.
Besides being a man of sound opinions and large experi- ence in matters purely educational, the superintendent is a thorough and competent business man. We may esteem our- selves fortunate in having had his able and economical manage- ment, by which many thousands of dollars were saved to the city, at a time when the State Legislature made it incumbent upon the towns and cities of the State to furnish to the pupils all school-supplies, thus greatly swelling the incidental ex- pense account.
The condition and care of the schoolhouses have been the objects of a constant supervision, by which the health and comfort of teachers and pupils have been greatly promoted. It is the duty of the Committee to order and distribute the text-books and supplies used in the schools. This has all been done through the agency of the superintendent, and in the most satisfactory manner.
A superintendent of schools is supposed to be a skilful agent, and therefore should be left to a free use of his skill. This is expected by the committee who elect him, and by the people who pay for his services. While Superintendent
12
Emerson has used his delegated powers in accordance with his own judgment of what is for the best interests of the schools, he has ever been ready to execute, in the most faithful manner, the expressed will of the Committee.
A generous co-operation on the part of the people always affords essential aid and encouragement to the school authori- ties, in promoting the vital interests committed to their care.
THE HIGH SCHOOL.
The high school of our system is required by law to be kept for the benefit of all the inhabitants in the towns where it may be established. Its object should be to furnish an op- portunity for all who enter upon its courses of study to obtain a thorough English education, and for those who desire it to acquire the knowledge necessary for the higher institutions of learning.
The value of the high school in our Commonwealth can- not easily be over-estimated. It furnishes an opportunity for scientific study, and for obtaining a knowledge of those general truths from which the rules of conduct, in both private and social life, should be derived. It also provides the means for that training of the mind which prepares the young to take their places in life as intelligent, law-abiding citizens of a free State, ready to enter with facility upon any occupation which their tastes and capacities may lead them to choose. In the free high school all classes of children are trained together. A common pursuit, for common ends, has a tendency to destroy those artificial distinctions founded upon the accidents of birth or wealth, and to create that mutual sympathy and respect so necessary to the existence of the democratic spirit. These are most important results
13
for the educational institutions of a free State to accom- plish.
The high school everywhere exerts a marked influence for good on all grades of instruction below it. This it does, by its requirements in entrance examinations, and by encour- aging the children to perform their elementary work faith- fully, in order that they may enjoy the advantages of scientific instruction. It is universally true, that primary instruction flourishes most where secondary instruction is free to all. For these reasons, it may be seen that the high school holds an important place in our system of public schools, and that its organization should be as perfect, and its work as efficient, as possible. To this end it should be nourished with all the care and intelligence which a thoughtful people can exercise.
For some years past the management and work of our own High School have been far from satisfactory to many mem- bers of the School Committee, and to many parents whose children have been among its pupils.
At the close of the school in June, 1886, a special commit- tee was appointed to meet the teachers of the High School, and inform them frankly of the dissatisfaction existing, and to urge upon them the necessity of improvement. It was expected, or at least hoped, that by calling attention in this way to the condition of the school, as well as by individual criticisms made upon it from time to time, that there would be, early in the new year, a radical change for the better in its management.
It was found, on examination, that in some departments of study no real progress was making, and that it was possible for pupils to pass along in the Newton High School, with little or no effort on their part.
14
Many parents and guardians came to members of the School Board, with complaints against the management of the school, and its lack of discipline. Several members of the Committee visited the school, and were convinced that the complaints made were well founded. These complaints became so serious and frequent, that it was thought best to make a thorough examination of the school, determine its real condition, and devise, if possible, some way of reform- ing its methods.
Before acting upon any change in the governing power, the superintendent, who had been directed some months previous, by a unanimous vote of the Committee on the High School, to examine it, and make a report upon its condition, submitted the result of his investigations. His conclusions agreed fully with those formed by a majority of the Com- mittee.
It should be borne in mind, that the authority to govern the school, and to direct all its affairs, is vested in the head master. He is thus made responsible for its government and its general management. He can teach the number of hours in the week that the best interest of the school demands, and the rest of the time he is to give to general supervision.
The importance which the School Board attaches to the proper supervision of this school by the master, may be inferred from the fact, that, during the past few years, nearly three-fifths of his time has been allowed for supervision, and the remaining two-fifths for instruction.
That he may fill his place as head master, he must not only be able to teach his special classes, but, in addition to this, he is expected to have the general direction of the work of his assistant teachers, to wisely distribute among
15
them the work especially adapted to each, and to be the source from which they are to derive their authority in the discipline of their classes. He must have a perception of what constitutes good order in school, he must be wise enough to establish a good government such as will lead to self-government, and he must have executive ability to en- force its rules and regulations. His executive power should be such that the pupils will respect it everywhere, and under all circumstances. These attributes the head master failed, in the opinion of a majority of the Board, to exhibit; and besides, in conference with the Committee, he recommended no change. in his corps of teachers.
It became evident to them, therefore, that the necessary reforms could not be made under his administration, and the necessity for a change became imperative. To make it was an unpleasant duty, and one which no member of the Com- mittee would consent to perform unless the best interests of the High School should demand it. The change was made, and made as quietly as possible under the circum- stances, in the hope that all that discussion and controversy which is so disastrous to personal reputation, to the school spirit of a town, to the good name and to the prosperity of its schools, might be avoided.
The Committee look forward to the future of the High School, with confidence that it will again take the highest rank among the high schools of the Commonwealth.
Two male teachers have been employed in the place of two female teachers. One additional teacher has been em- ployed, owing to the increase of the number of school exercises, amounting to thirty in the week.
The City Council has provided a commodious and sub-
16
stantial addition to the High School building. It will add much to the comfort and convenience of the scholars, and furnish them a most important means for the accomplishment of the ends for which they study.
E. W. CONVERSE. J. W. DICKINSON. W. C. FROST.
SECRETARY'S REPORT.
APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES FOR 1887.
General appropriation
$101,000 00
Received from the dog tax
2,337 66
$103,337 66
Transferred to evening schools
$500 00
500 00
$102,837 66
Amount paid to the superintendent
$2,800 00
66 66 66 teachers
86,078 76
66 66 janitors .
6,408 34
60
66 secretary
300 00
66
66 for fuel .
7,228 55
Amount expended
102,815 65
Balance unexpended .
$22 01
School incidentals
$12,000 00
Transferred to evening schools
100 00
$11,900 00
Amount expended
11,898 43
Balance unexpended
$1 57
Evening schools
$550 00
Transferred from incidentals
100 00
" conveyance of pupils .
70 00
66
" general appropriation
500 00
$1,220 00
Amount expended
·1,217 89
Balance unexpended .
$2 11
18
Conveyance of pupils
$750 00
Transferred to evening schools
70 00
$680 00
Amount expended
676 25
Balance unexpended .
$3 75
RECAPITULATION.
APPROPRIATIONS.
Total amount, including dog tax . .
$116,637 66
EXPENDITURES.
General appropriation .
$102,815 65
Incidentals .
11,898 43
Evening schools .
1,217 89
Conveyance of pupils
676 25
Total amount expended
116 608 22
Balance unexpended .
$29 44
DECEMBER 28, 1887.
THOMAS EMERSON, Secretary.
SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
To the School Committee of Newton.
In conformity to the rules of the Board, I respectfully pre- sent my annual report of the work of the schools for the year 1886-87. The schools were in session forty weeks, beginning Sept. 13, 1886, and ending July 1, 1887.
A general exhibit of the results of the last school census, of the number of school buildings and the value of the school property, of the enrolment and attendance of the pupils, and of the cost of the schools, will be found in the following statistics : -
POPULATION.
Population of the city, State census of 1885 . . 19,759
Number of persons in the city between five and
fifteen years of age, May 1, 1887 3,893
Number of pupils between five and fifteen years of age attending the public schools, in May, 1887, 3,220
Number of pupils between five and fifteen years of age in private schools .
193
Number of persons between five and fifteen years of age not attending school 480
20
SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
Number of school houses 21
Number of buildings rented for school purposes . 1
Number of occupied rooms, May 1, 1887 91
Number of unoccupied rooms, May 1, 1887 8
Total number of rooms, May 1, 1887 . .
99
Number of halls, May 1, 1887
5
Total number of sittings, May 1, 1887
. 4,525
The total value of the school houses, furniture, apparatus, and land is $581,600. The following table gives the value of the school property in detail : -
High School buildings, furniture and land . $113,000 00
Bigelow School House, furniture and land 44,000 00
Underwood School House, furniture and land . 24,000 00
Lincoln School House, furniture and land 5,500 00
Jackson School House, furniture and land 15,000 00
Eliot School House, furniture and land . 19,000 00
Adams School House, furniture and land 22,500 00
Claflin School House, furniture and land 35,000 00 Pierce School House, furniture and land . 32,000 00
Davis School House, furniture and land . 13,000 00
Franklin School House, furniture and land 15,500 00
Barnard School House, furniture and land 21,000 00
Williams School House (old) and land . Williams School House (new), furniture and land . 35,000 00
10,000 00
Hamilton School House, furniture and land 28,000 00
Prospect Grammar School House, furniture and land . 31,000 00
21
Prospect Primary School House, furniture and land . 7,500 00
Hyde School House, furniture and land . 24,500 00
Mason School House, furniture and land . 49,100 00
Rice School House, furniture and land 20,000 00 Oak Hill School House, furniture and land 12,000 00
School apparatus 5,000 00
$581,600 00
SCHOOLS.
High School .
1
Grammar schools
46
Primary schools
. 38
Mixed school .
1
Total
. 86
TEACHERS.
Number of teachers in High School . 11
Male teachers, 3; female teachers, 8.
Special teachers in High School 3 Male teachers, 1; female teachers, 2. Number of teachers in Grammar Schools . 46
Male teachers, 10 ; female teachers, 36.
Number of teachers in Primary Schools . 38
Number of teachers in Mixed School
1
Special teachers of sewing
3
Special teachers of music
1
Whole number of teachers . 103
.
.
Male teachers, 15; female teachers, 88.
22
ENROLMENT AND ATTENDANCE.
Whole number of pupils enrolled, 1886-87 4,337
Whole number of pupils enrolled, 1885-86 4,106
Increase 231
Average whole number of pupils enrolled, 1886-87, 3,655.7 Average whole number of pupils enrolled, 1885-86, 3,527.7 Increase 128
Average number of pupils in daily attendance,
1886-87 3,357.1
Average number of pupils in daily attendance, 1885-86
3,238.8
Increase 118.3
Average per cent of daily attendance, 1886-87 91.3
Average per cent of daily attendance, 1885-86 91.8
Decrease .5
Whole number of tardinesses, 1886-87 5,214
Whole number of tardinesses, 1885-86 5,105
Increase 109
Whole number of pupils enrolled in Evening
School, 1886-87 (males, 62; females, 58) . 120
Whole number of pupils enrolled in Evening School, 1885-86
Decrease 152
32
Average number in attendance, 1886-87 .
60
Average number in attendance, 1885-86 . 98
Decrease 38
The following table shows the total enrolment, average whole number, average attendance, and per cent of attend- ance, in the schools from 1878 to 1887, a period of ten years. The increase in the total enrolment of pupils during this
23
period was 983; in the average whole number, 915; in the average attendance, 616.
YEARS.
Total Enrolment.
Average Whole Number.
Average Attendance.
Per cent of Attendance.
1878
3,354
2,740.7
2,527.1
91.9
1879
3,397
2,791.7
2,540.9
91.0
1880
3,418
2,821.4
2,571.3
91.5
1881
3,677
2,844 7
2,588.3
91.0
1882
3,759
3,092 7
2,796.7
90.4
1883
4,002
3,170.3
2,903.8
91.6
1884
3,963
3,275.9
2,992 9
91.4
1885
4,029
3,356 5
3,047.2
90.8
1886
4,106
3,527.7
3,238 8
91.8
1887
4,337
3,655.7
3,357.1
91.3
SCHOOL CENSUS.
In conformity to the requirement of the General Statutes, an enumeration of the school population of the city was made in May last, and a record of the same has been depos- ited in this office.
The school population of the city on the first day of May, 1887, was 3,893, - an increase of 108, as compared with the year 1886. By reference to Table I in the appendix to this report, it will be seen that there is an increase in all the wards except the fourth. In the fourth there was a decrease of three.
The number of pupils between five and fifteen years of age attending the public schools, on the first day of May, 1887, was 3,220; the number in private schools was 193; making the total number of pupils between five and fifteen years of age in the public schools of the city, and in private schools, on the first day of May, 1887, 3,413. Deducting
24
this sum from 3,893, the total school population of the city, we have 480, which is the number of persons in the city, between five and fifteen years of age, not attending any school, public or private, on the first day of May, 1887. Of this number 47 were at work in mills and elsewhere, and 414, most of whom were under seven years of age, were at home, leaving 19 to be accounted for, - a decrease of 48, as compared with last year. It would be unreasonable to expect a greater degree of accuracy than is shown in this census.
SCHOOL HOUSES.
The number of school houses in the city is twenty-one. The number in use during the past year was twenty. The school at Thompsonville occupied a rented building. The whole number of sittings, including those in the leased build- ing, was 4,525.
Important repairs and alterations have been made in sev- eral of the school buildings, chiefly with a view to improving their sanitary condition.
The Bigelow School House has been improved by the addi- tion of new water-closets; and the old, worn-out buildings have been removed. The new closets were built in accord- ance with plans prepared by Messrs. Allen & Kenway, and are furnished with every safeguard to health that the best methods of drainage and ventilation can supply.
The outside of the Lincoln School House has been painted, the furniture has been thoroughly repaired, and additional windows have been placed in the lower room. The increased supply of light and air was much needed, and makes the room more cheerful and healthful.
The Adams School House has been greatly improved by the
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introduction of the Mihan system of ventilation. Heretofore the ventilation of these buildings has been very defective ; the chief means being the windows, the use of which for this purpose is at all times attended with danger, and in the winter is extremely hazardous. The roofs of the Adams and Claflin school houses, which have leaked badly for several years, have been successfully repaired. A substantial iron railing has been placed upon the staircases of the Claflin School House. As two of the classes occupy the third story of this building, this precaution seemed necessary as a pro- tection against accidents from day to day, and especially as a safeguard against more serious consequences in the event of a sudden emergency.
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