USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Newton > Town of Newton annual report 1891 > Part 19
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943.00
943.00
8
66
Jewett St., .
Washington St.,
Church St.,
Lincoln Court, .
2
8.13
Maple Ave., ·
Church St.,
Watertown Line,
141.51
Jefferson St.,
66
6.
"
Nonantum Place,
REPORT OF CITY ENGINEER.
112.00
112.00
Centre St.,
66
Centre St.,
Nonantum St.
Private land, Private land,
St. James St., Private land B. & A. Newtonville Ave., St. James St.,
294.80 227.85 663.71 403.77 640.45
227.85 663.71 403.77
8
66
4 "
6
Oakland St., .
Church St.,
Orchard St.,
.
Otis St.,
.
.
.
.
66
66
Vernon St.,
Pearl St.,
739.30
739.30
8
6 4
66
66
Green St.,
Jewett St.,
447.24
447.24
8
66
4
1 2 1
10.00 8.49
66
66
Bacon St.,
Peabody St.,
188.90
120.67
120.67
8
66
1
1
7.70
66
66
.
66
66
Channing St.,
Emerson St.,
682.69
682.69
8
66
4
3
9.03
Jewett St.,
880.00
880.00
8
66
66
3
9.17
Pembroke St.,
Tremont St.,
Durant St.,
624.85
624 85
21
12
3
6.67
Nonantum Place,
147.97
147.97
21
66
12 «
2
16.10
Brook St.,
236.53
236.53
10
66
8
1
12.80
66
66
Carleton St.,
Angle,
21.98
21.98
10
66
6
1
11.00
Emerson St.,
514.82
514.82
24×36
10 “
3
12.55
Court St.,
1200.57
1200 57
10
10 «
1
9.05
66
66
Crafts St.,
Central Ave.,
293.00
292.00
8
8 "
1
16.45
Nonantum St.,
403.50
403.50
8
66
3
7.10
66
Hyde Brook,
Nonantum St.,
221.47
221.47
8
66
8 "
2
12.05
Fairview St.,
1228.01
1228.01
8
4
66
5
8.12
Richardson St.,
.
Centre St.,
Church St.,
690.18
690.18
8
4
66
3
9.01
Sargent St., .
.
Park St.,
Waverly Ave.,
336.20
336.20
8
4 "
3
9.47
School St., .
.
Pearl St.,
Summit St.,
Newtonville Ave.,
208.00
208.00
8
4 "
1-
7.64
6
66
‹‹
Peabody St.,
Channing St.,
120.85
120.85
8
66
66
9.78 12.25
Tremont St.,
165.00
1180.96
1180.96
S
66
6 "
10.17
Church St.,
475.16
S
66
66
Pearl St., .
Watertown St.,
Green St.,
1224.30
1208.00
S
66
6
66
Sargent St.,
1143.74
1143.74
8
8
66
Tremont St.,
708.77
708.77 165.00
6
640.45
8
66
4 "
2 6 2 2 5 1 1
SEWER DEPARTMENT.
8
66
1
8
66
8 “
1
10.74 8.46 9.20 9.47 8.63 10.18
Park St.,
Washington St.,
Vernon St ,
Peabody St.,
Washington St.,
Centre St.,
Bacon St.,
8
9.16
Carleton St.,
94.67
94.67
8
66
66
.
66
.
6
66
.
.
66
Met. Sewer,
.
.
66
66
Met. Sewer,
Private land,
66
Washington St.,
Angle,
Crafts St.,
(Continued on page 74.)
73
3
Nonantum St.,
Walnut St., Franklin St.,
4 8
12
66
8.30 13.29 7.84
8.77
Carleton St.,
66
Emerson St.,
66
Nonantum St.,
74
Sewers Laid in 1891 (Concluded from page 73).
+
STREET.
FROM.
TO.
Length of Sewer.
Length of Sub-
Size of Sewer.
Size of Sub-Drain.
Manholes.
Average Depth.
Thornton Place,
Thornton St.,
164.70
164.70
8 in.
4 in
1
9.37
Thornton St.,
Washington St.,
Pearl St., Waverley Ave.,
966.17
966.17
10
66
00
5
11.15
Tremont St.,
Waverley Ave.,
Walnut St.,
556.06
556 06
8
8
1
7.80
Turner St.,
Central Ave.,
Baldwin St.,
373.70
373.70
8
+
2
9.32
Vernon St ,
Centre St.,
Park St.,
351.30
351.30
12
10 "
12.47
Waverley Ave.,
779.01
779.01
8
8
4
10.85
Waban St. and P'k.
Pearl St.,
Jewett St.,
1175.50
1175.50
8
1
=
66
+
66
66
1
11.10
Walnut Park,
Waban St.,
895.75
895.75
8
+
4
8.89
Walnut P'k N. Side
Washington St.,
440.94
440.94
8
4
2
9.74
Walnut P'k, S. Side
Walnut P'k, N. Side
368.78
368.78
8
4
3
8.44
Walnut St.,
Turner St.,
Lowell St.,
1008.25
1008.25
8
4
9.84
46
Turner St.,
Washington St.,
115.75
124.47
8
66
1 66
1
10 71
66
Newtonville Ave.,
Bowers St.,
124.47
320.19
12
6
3
11.82
Newtonville Ave.,
320.19
2544.92
24×36
.6
66
16
11.60
"
66
Spruce St.,
Walnut St.,
1519.45
1519.45
8
66
66
3
10.89
Washington P'k, S.
Harvard St.,
799.80
542.88
4
5
8.53
Washington St.,
Private land,
Hunnewell Ave., Westerly,
403.55
403.55
8
2
10.57
66
.
·
Eldredge St ,
66
66
Park St.,
9.75
Waban St.,
Thornton St.,
Jewett St.,
300.00
300.00
8
66
66
=
8
66
1
8.98
66
.
·
·
·
66
5
11.42
Washington P'k, N.
Harvard St.,
987.77
908.33
66
| Waverly Ave.,
739.28
739.28
8
4 "
5
10.95
Tremont St.,
Park St.,
109.00
116.00
10
6 "
66
"
66
·
66
3 00 01 HA
10.65
658.80
658.80
8
Washington St.,
B. & A. R. R.
Spruce St.,
Mill St.,
2543.92
.
.
6
66
REPORT OF CITY ENGINEER.
Drain.
12.00
SEWER DEPARTMENT.
75
66
66
Nonantum St.,
Centre St.,
335.89
747.52 335.89
12
8
66
2
9.21 18.70 11.52
Hovey St.,
1567.41 408.75
88.59 408.75
8
4
2
66
.
66
Central Ave.,
Lowell St.
1288.15
1288.15
8
4
66
1
14.46
Harvard St.,
98.00
133.00
24x36 66
66 10 " 4
3
9.73
66
Grassmere St.,
Boston line,
675.00
675.00
S
24×36
12
6
2
18.10
Watertown St,
Faxon St.,
Washington St.,
545.03
545.03
S
+
Waverley Ave., .
Tremont St. Vernon St ,
Arlington St.,
339.45
339.45
S
66
6 "
4 .
3
8.55
66
Arlington St.,
Durant St.,
457.03
457.03
8
66
4
2
7.58
Wesley St.,
Centre St.,
Centre St.,
183.50
183.50
S
4 6
1
9.18
William St., .
.
Jefferson St.,
Watertown line,
175.00
175.00
8
4 6
2
9.63
Winthrop Ave.,
Oakland St.,
Grassmere St.,
747.52
8
66
+
2
·
·
66
6
66
Centre St.,
·
Central Ave.,
Easterly,
9.39 9.68
66
.
66
66
Court St.,
.
Watertown St.,
Faxon St.,
Cook St.,
160.00
437.15
437.15
8
.6
Pearl St.,
3 8.90 2 9.73
66
.
66
652.97
652.97
8
1 21.42
160.00
S
1
76
REPORT OF CITY ENGINEER.
Early in the summer a force was organized to lay house connections, and the abuttors were encouraged to make con- nections as soon as the sewers were laid by their premises in order to avoid the rush which naturally would occur as soon as the sewerage system was available for use. This force also laid several extensions not contemplated in the general contract. One hundred and twenty-nine house connections were laid, having a length of 7,7591% feet of 6 inch pipe ; twenty-two of these had underdrains, in which 1,161 feet of 4-inch pipe was laid.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
In conclusion I wish to extend to His Honor Mayor Hibbard, and to the various committees with whom the de- partment have been brought in contact, my acknowledge- ments of my appreciation of their courtesy and confidence extended to me.
And to the assistants in this department I wish to acknowledge my appreciation of the earnest work and co- operation extended to me in performing the various works coming before us to execute.
Respectfully submitted, ALBERT F. NOYES,
City Engineer.
.
APPENDIX A.
NOTES ON METHODS OF MAINTENANCE OF MACADAM ROADS IN FRANCE.
A Cantonier is a man who has charge of maintenance and repairs of a certain length of road. Employed by the year. Should live on or near his section of road. Should not be taken off for any length of time from his section, as he becomes irresponsible for the wear of the surface, and loses interest in his special job. Should be intelligent, and understand thoroughly the object to be gained, and how to take hold. The engineer and foreman should explain and show him when he is not getting good results, and the reason.
The length of section varies with the nature of the road-bed and surfacing and amount of work to be done, according to the judgment of the engineer.
(100 yards to 1 mile in city and 2 to 3 miles outside.)
Six cantons that are continuous form a section and the Cantoniers form a brigade, of which one is the chief ( his canton is shorter than the others, that he may over-see them and go over their sections at least once a week).
A conductor has charge over 40 to 50 miles of road, to report on twice a month.
Each has a badge on his cap and a staff 6 feet long, iron shod, with a plate 7 x 10 inches having the number of the canton on it. It is always set up on the road within 100 yards of the place where he is at work.
80
REPORT OF CITY ENGINEER.
Work to be done by the Cantonier.
Maintain the roads in proper condition each day, so as to be dry, smooth, firm, safe in icy weather, and looking well at all times.
Special orders may be given from time to time by the engineer.
1st. Maintain the drainage by cleaning out the gutters, grates, culverts, etc., and if necessary cutting small gulleys at the sides to let off the water.
2nd. Keep sidewalks clear and in shape, adding ma- terial if necessary and cutting off where wash has occurred, and piling up refuse to be removed by carts.
3rd. Remove as soon as possible all mud, with iron or wooden hoes or shovels ( whether thick or thin mud ), and put in piles along the side for removal.
4th. When dried out spread the piles of mud over the sidewalks when needed, or spread on adjoining lots, if not objected to.
5th. In cold weather be very particular not to have any ruts of mud freeze and harden in rolls.
6th. In dry weather remove the dust into piles on the sides.
7th. In winter remove the snow from road where or when it accumulates and impedes travel ; spread it on adjoin- ing lots or pile upon the side, to show location of the driveway.
8th. Break up all ice on the roadway and remove it, spread sand and gravel on dangerous slopes and round sharp corners.
9th. Break up ice in gutter or on side when it may cause a stoppage in time of thaw.
10th. In time of thaw hasten as much as possible the flowing off of all water so that it shall stand the least pos- sible time on the road-bed to impede travel and injure the surface.
81
ROAD MAINTENANCE.
11th. Remove and break up all loose stones, or stones protruding from the surface, and pile up on the sides ready for measurement; also all stones in neighboring land that might answer for repairs.
12th. Cut and remove all weeds ( specially before blossoms come out).
13th. Remove all obstructions from the road.
14th. Clean and keep in repair all fences, parapet walls, etc., on bridges, etc.
15th. Look after bounds, signposts, etc.
16th. Look after all grass plots, trees, etc., on the street, prop up young trees bent over by wind, etc.
Use of Materials.
To be used as needed; taking a wet day for repairs as much as possible ; refrain from large patches, or from spread- ing material loosely with shovels. In wet weather notice where the road-bed gives under the wheel, and where water stands. Clean off these places and pick up around the edges deep enough only for cohesion.
The road metal that is picked up to be cleaned of all dirt and sand, and mixed with new metal for patching. To be well tamped down hard, then evened off with the sur- face of road.
Look after patches till they become perfectly hard, like the rest of the road-bed.
For common roads that are not surfaced, the same care to be taken, using what material may be at hand. All big stones to be removed, and not put on till broken up to proper size.
Where material is to be added to the road the engineer will designate where it is to be taken from; the surface to be picked up ( after removing mud and ruts ) to a depth of 1 1-2 to 2 inches, and material put on and tamped in not over 2 inch layers, and made firm.
82
REPORT OF CITY ENGINEER.
Special jobs will be given each man when possible on his section, to which more careful attention will be paid when inspecting.
Hours.
1st. of April to October. 6 A. M. to 6 P. M., without leav- ing the road. October to April, sun rise to sun set ; meals to be taken on the road at stated hours; two hours being allowed on the longest days for meals.
Tools to be Furnished by the Cantonier.
Wheelbarrow, Pick,
Iron and Wooden Hoe,
Iron Bar,
Iron and Wooden Shovel, Maul, Iron Rake, Tape Measure.
A 2 1-4 inch iron ring for broken stone, furnished by the engineer. Chief Cantonier to have
3 Sighting Levels,
1 Vertical Plumb for grades,
1 6-foot rule.
All tools to be repaired out of working hours.
Annual prizes up to one month's wages, awarded by Chief Engineer.
Fine of 3 days' pay for absence from job ( 3rd time discharged ).
Average Cost of Repairs on Macadam Roads.
National Roads $60.00 to $500.00,
Average $150.00 per mile per annum.
Important Department Roads, 135.00 66 66
Important Local Roads, 92.00 66 66
Ordinary Local Roads, 57.00 66 66 By-Roads, 42.00 66 66
83
ROAD MAINTENANCE.
Resistance to Traction.
Macadam, 100 lbs. per ton hauled. 33-55 66 66
Granite, Asphalt,
15 66 66
Wood,
21 . « 66
In London the average wear of granite blocks has been found to be about 2 inches in 15 years. These blocks are then re-cut and used for 20 years on less important streets.
Macadam Roads in the City of Paris.
Each district covers about 11 miles of streets, including 1,570,000 square feet Roadway and 240,000 square feet Sidewalk, and is in charge of
1 conductor,
2 foremen, 78 Chief Cantoniers 887 Ordinary Cantoniers,
giving an average of from 15,000 to 24,000 square feet to each man.
Ten to twelve Ordinary Cantoniers are placed under one Chief Cantonier. They also help in relaying and rolling the new road-bed.
Total macadam in the city about 19,000,000 square feet ; cost for maintenance on the average 3.9 cents per square foot, varying from 3 to 5 cents, with a maximum on one large avenue of 25 cents per square foot per annum.
For street 33 1-2 feet between curbs the macadam road- way is 20 feet wide, and paved gutters on each side 6 3-4 feet wide, where the heavy teams get better foothold.
Cost of steam rolling averages 6.2 cents per mile ton.
Steam roller weighs from 20 to 40 tons, and the average compression for from 5 to 6 inches of road metal is 3.7 to 4.3 mile tons.
Horse rollers weigh from 8 to 9 tons, used for small repairs.
84
REPORT OF CITY ENGINEER.
Paved Streets in the City of Paris.
There is an area of about 62,000,000 square feet of block pavement in the city, which cost on an average 1 cent per square foot per annum for maintenance.
This maintenance is in charge of 371 Paving Cantoniers who are set off in gangs composed of
1 Head Paver,
1 Paver,
1 Stone Dresser,
2 Laborers.
This gives an average of about 170,000 square feet to
each Cantonier. Each gang has the following tools :
1 Hand-Cart,
2 Bars,
2 Paving Hammers,
1 Paving Hoe,
Picks and Shovels.
Paris Street Cleaning.
On principal thoroughfares the surface of the street is thoroughly washed every five or six days, and all mud swept off in the early morning each day. During the day the streets are watered several times, according to the weather, to lay the dust.
Watering carts are used on 200,000 square feet of pav- ing per day, and on 100,000 square feet of macadam per day. 25,000,000 square feet of road-bed are watered by hose every day.
Watering by carts cost about 2 1-3 cents per thousand square feet of macadam, and 1 1-5 cents for stone paving.
Watering by hose costs about 1 1-4 cents per thousand square feet.
A horse and driver for the watering cart cost $50.00 a month.
The sweeping of the streets is done by 122 gangs, com- posed of
85
ROAD MAINTENANCE.
170 Chief Cantoniers who receive $22.00 per month.
140 Cantoniers who receive 18.00 per month. 2810 Laborers receiving from 22 to 37 cents per 1-2 day.
60,000,000 square feet costs for cleaning 1 cent per square foot per annum. 95,000,000 square feet costs 1-2 of a cent per square foot, making an average of about 7-10 of a cent per square foot per annum.
A hand sweeper will cover from 3 to 5,000 square feet per hour.
A machine sweeper will cover from 30 to 50,000 square feet per hour.
APPENDIX B.
ORDINANCES RELATING TO THE CITY ENGINEER'S DEPARTMENT.
ORDINANCE IX.
City Engineer.
SECTION 1. The office of the City Engi- neer is hereby established.
SECT. 2. He shall have charge of all the plans of the streets, drains, sewers, water- works, and lands of the city ; and shall classify them, and put them in a convenient form for reference 'and use. He shall make all plans, surveys, measurements and levels pertaining to the streets, drains, sewers, lands, water-works, etc., and perform such other duties properly belonging to his office, as may be required of him by the Mayor, the Board of Aldermen, or any committee of the City Council. Drains and sewers shall be constructed and repaired under his supervision and direction.
SECT. 3. He shall prepare all orders, re- solves, and other papers relating to street wid- enings, extensions and alterations, which the
Office estab- lished.
Duties. Charge of Plans.
Make plans, sur- veys, etc.,
Orders, etc.
88
REPORT OF CITY ENGINEER.
Joint Standing Committee on Highways may require, and shall furnish the City Solicitor with descriptions of lands at his request.
Accounts.
SECT. 4 He shall keep a set of books showing all the debits and credits to every estate, the whole or a portion of which may be taken to lay out, widen, or extend a street, or which may be assessed under any betterment law; and all bills for assessments made under any betterment law shall be made out by him, and deposited with the City Treasurer for collection.
Reports.
SECT. 5. He shall annually, in the month of January, present to the City Council a report for the year ending on the last day of December , preceding, giving in detail the cost of all special work of the highway department, the expense of his own department, the number of persons employed therein, and a description of the work done.
Building Ordinance.
Applications to City Engineer for street lines and grades.
SECT. 6. No person shall proceed to erect or make alterations in the location or grade of any fence, wall, or building, a part of which is to abut upon a public street, lane, square or alley, without first applying to the City En- gineer for the lines and grade of the street, lane, square, or alley, upon which he intends to build. Such application shall be made at least fifteen days before the work is begun; and the City Engineer shall within said time furnish the required lines and grade without charge, if in his power so to do. In default of such ap- plication the city shall be discharged from all
89
ORDINANCES.
responsibility for damages resulting from such default.
SECT. 7. Whenever the City Engineer Violation. ascertains that any structure has been placed in violation of the preceding section, he shall at once give notice to the Mayor and Aldermen, in writing, of such violation ; and, upon receipt of such notice, the Mayor and Aldermen may forthwith issue an order to the party offending, directing that the structure be removed within the time therein specified; and in case of non- compliance, the Mayor and Aldermen shall direct that the incumbrance be removed at the expense of the delinquent.
SECT. 8. Whoever violates any provision Penalty. of the two preceding sections of this ordinance, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty dollars.
ORDINANCE RELATING TO DRAINS AND SEWERS.
Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Newton, as follows : -
SECTION 1. The word "Drain" when used in the ordinances and orders shall be construed to mean a pipe or conduit for the conveyance of storm or surface water, and the word "Sewer," when so used, shall be construed to mean pipes or conduits, for the conveyance of house sewage and ground or subsoil water only.
SECT. 2. All common sewers, ordered by the City Council to be made, shall be built and kept in repair, under the direction of the Joint Standing Committee on Sewers, and all drains so ordered, shall be built and kept in repair, under the direction of the Committee on Highways.
SECT. 3. The City Engineer shall, under the direction of the Committee on Sewers, have the general supervision and inspection of all the common sewers, built or owned by the City, and of all connections of private sewers, built under the provisions of this ordinance, and he shall make plans and profiles of all main drains and common sewers, built under the direction of the Committee on Highways and the Committee on Sewers, showing their location with reference to other drains and sewers and the street lines, and showing the location of all private drains or private sewers entering them; which plans and profiles shall be filed in the office of the City Clerk, and after being so filed, shall be deposited in the office of the City
92
REPORT OF CITY ENGINEER.
Engineer, which shall be deemed a part of the office of the City Clerk, for the keeping of said plans.
He shall keep, and whenever requested, report to either branch of the City Council, an accurate account of the cost and all other expenses upon each main drain and common sewer; and he shall, annually, in January, submit a report of all work performed during the year, ending on the last day of December preceding, and the amount of all expendi- tures from the appropriation for sewers and drains.
SECT. 4. Whenever any street shall be opened for lay- ing or repairing water or gas pipes, or for any other purposes, the work shall be executed so as not to obstruct the course, capacity or construction of a main drain or common sewer ; and whenever pipes for that purpose, or any work of con- struction shall be found to exist in such location so as to interfere with the main drain or common sewer, the corpora- tion, person or persons having charge of or maintaining the same, shall, on notice, at once remove, change or alter such pipe, in such manner as the City Engineer shall direct, and if they neglect or refuse so to do, said City Engineer may make, or cause to be made, such removal, change or alterations, and the cost of the same shall be paid by the said corporation, person or persons.
SECT. 5. The whole of the average cost of the system of sewers (already determined and found to equal two dollars and fifty-six cents per running foot ) shall be assessed ac- cording to law, provided that no estate shall be assessed until it can be drained into the sewer ; and no estate shall be assessed more than once for the same benefit; if the cost of such sewers exceed the average cost hereinbefore mentioned, such excess of cost shall be borne by the city. The City Engineer shall prepare and submit to the City Council plans of the estates to be assessed, showing the owner's names, frontages and areas, together with a schedule showing the assessments on the estates abutting and benefitted. Such
.
93
ORDINANCES.
assessments to be determined as follows: Four-tenths of the benefit according to the relative frontage, and six-tenths according to the area of the estates within one hundred and eighty feet of the street in which the common sewer has been constructed ; provided that upon corner lots, the first hundred feet of frontage upon the second street in which the sewer is constructed shall be exempt, and no area assessed upon the first street shall be assessed upon the second street. The said four-tenths having been ascertained to be sixty cents per front foot, and the said six-tenths having been ascer tained to be six mills per square foot, said sums are hereby adopted as the standard rate of assessment. The amount assessed and certified by the City Council, shall be entered upon the plan prepared for assessment.
SECT. 6. All applications for the construction of private sewers and their entrance with commom sewers, and for permission to enter the same, shall be in such form as the Committee on Sewers shall prescribe, and filed with the City Engineer. All such private sewers within street limits and their entrances into common sewers shall be constructed, maintained, and kept in repair by the City Engineer, under the direction of the Committee on Sewers, and shall be the property of the City, and the cost thereof shall be paid by the owners of the estate connected before the same are used or house connections made therewith.
The cost of all repairs made thereon shall be paid by the owner of the estate connected.
SECT. 7. No person other than the City Engineer or city employes, acting under his direction and supervision shall construct any private sewer within street limits, or connect the same with any common sewer or dig up any street for such purpose.
SECT. 8. All applications for entering private drains into main drains, shall be in such form as the Com- mittee on Highways shall prescribe, and filed with the Super-
94
REPORT OF CITY ENGINEER.
intendent of Streets. No person shall enter a private drain into any main drain without a permit from the said Com- mittee on Highways, nor without first paying such sum as the Mayor and Aldermen shall determine for the privilege.
SECT. 9. Whenever any private drain or private sewer connecting with any main drain or common sewer, shall become clogged, obstructed, broken, out of order, or detri- mental to the use of said main drain or common sewer, or unfit for the purpose of drainage, the owner, or other person having charge of any building, yard, lot of land or other premises which are drained by said private drain or private sewer, shall, within five days after notice in writing from the City Engineer, remove, reconstruct, alter, cleanse or re- pair said private drain or private sewer, as the conditions thereof may require. In case of neglect or refusal to remove, reconstruct, repair, alter, or cleanse said private drain or private sewer for such space of five days, the Mayor and Aldermen shall cause the same to be removed, reconstructed, repaired, altered or cleansed, as they may deem expedient, at the expense of the owner, or person having charge of the same, who shall also be liable to a penalty of not more than twenty dollars for such neglect or refusal.
SECT. 10. No exhaust from steam engines, and no blow off from steam boilers, shall be connected with any common or private sewer, or any main or private drain.
SECT. 11. No private sewers between the street limits and the building to be drained shall be laid except by the City Engineer, or properly authorized person acting under his supervision and inspection. Whenever it may be deemed necessary, the Mayor and Aldermen may license such private sewer layers as apply and are found competent. Said license shall remain in force until the first of the succeeding April, unless sooner revoked. No such private sewer, if of vitrified pipe, shall be laid of a less size than five inches, or a
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