USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Worcester county; a narrative history, Volume II > Part 38
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750
WORCESTER COUNTY
the Distinguished Service Cross; Hospital Apprentice Leo H. Woodcomb, United States Navy, died of influenza on September 2, 1918.
Leominster, although in 1918 a city of less than 19,000, subscribed to the various war loans more than three million dollars, a sum which was equal to nearly one-quarter of its assessed valuation. Its gifts to the war-service organizations were on the same liberal scale, and its civilian activities as dis- tinguished. More than one thousand of its men and women went into uni- formed war service, the most of the men being distributed among the 26th, Ist and 76th divisions, the Marine Corps, the Aviation Service and the Navy. Captain William Kenny received two French decorations, including the Croix de Guerre; Captain Leo K. Bernier was awarded the Croix de Guerre with bronze star; and Captains James H. Johnson and W. K. Morse, both were given the Croir de Guerre. Edward J. Lawless was awarded the Dis- tinguished Service Cross. Twenty-six from Leominster paid the supreme sacrifice ; Luigi Aquilio, killed in France, July 20, 1918; Exlone Arsenault, accidental death in France, September 16, 1918; Wilfred Brosseau, died in France November 27, 1918; Enrico Chiuri, in France; Antonio Del Bove, killed in France; Henry A. Douglas, died at Camp Devens, September 24, 1918; Charles F. Dubay, killed in France, October II, 1918; John J. Finn, killed in France, October 31, 1918; Henry W. Flibbert, missing in France ; Morse Freeman, died at Camp Quantico, October 4, 1918; Giovanni Gasbarri, killed in France, October II, 1918; Martin Glasheen, died at Camp Mitchell, October 31, 1918; Lester Horton, died at Gettysburg, September 30, 1918; John Hyland, died at Camp Devens, September 27, 1918; Clifford LeDuc, died at Fall River, Massachusetts, from results of service ; Herman J. Lauson, died at LaRochelle, France, December 10, 1919; Carl G. Locke, died at LaRochelle, France, November 10, 1918; Raymond I. Look, died at Camp Devens, September 21, 1918; William H. Lynch, died Edgewood, Maryland, October 8, 1918; Daniel O'Keefe, died at Camp Devens, September 30, 1918; Donald M. Parker, killed in France, September 15, 1918; Emery J. Pelkey, killed in France, September 26, 1918; Harold J. Petts, killed at Hampstead, Long Island, New York (Aviation Service), February 15, 1919; Edward J. Regan, killed at Chateau-Thierry, July 23, 1918; Maurice J. Smith, killed in aviation accident, Fort Worth, Texas, April 9, 1918; Sidney Earl Taylor, died at Camp Hancock, Georgia, October 14, 1918; Raffaele Villano, died in France, September 26, 1918; John S. Thuerer, killed in action; Ludger Rouillard, killed in action.
The Gardner of the World War period with a population of less than 17,000, has a record that in most features was but very slightly under that of its larger sister city. The five government loans were oversubscribed by $589,650 and totaled $3,324,350. The estimated number of its inhabitants
751
WORLD WAR
who entered war service is given as one thousand. Major Seth Heywood, of the third generation to bear that name so well known in Gardner history, was one of the commissioned personnel from the city. He commanded certain "suicide companies" in the 76th Division, in France, but returned in command of the 147th Machine Gun Battalion. Twenty-one Gardner men lost their lives in their country's service : Oliva Caisse, Leo T. Burke, Gustaf Erickson, Harold B. Howe, Frederick Hall, Charles A. Larned, John P. Sokol, Carl H. Angell, Frank Bukoski, John Carlson, Jerome Cormier, David P. Guillow, Alfred Goguen, Phileas Gagne, Albin Forsberg, Joseph Hendrickson, Guy L. Hall, Alfred LaMontagne, Per Persson, Henry W. Vaughn, and Howard N. Tandy. Rena McLean, a nurse, also died.
GOLD STAR ROSTER OF WORCESTER.
ARMY.
Louis Birtz
Major Howard W. Beal
Edward H. Blanchard
Captain Walter S. Danker
Norman M. Blanchard
Captain Ralph E. Donnelly
George Blondin
Captain Starr E. Eaton
Isadore Blundy
Captain Frederick H. Lucke
Albert J. Boisvert
Major Thomas M. Lynch
Louis Bombardier
Captain Willard Smith
Fred Bonyea
Lieutenant Harold G. Allen
George A. Bourget
Lieutenant Laurence S. Ayer
Archie F. Bray
Lieutenant Norman R. Baldwin
Victor Brigham
Lieutenant Thomas C. Carver
Axel G. Broden
Lieutenant Edwin A. Daly
Harold Brown
Lieutenant William P. Fitzgerald
Leinster Brown
Lieutenant Lawrence J. Flaherty
Harry Alfred Brown
Lieutenant Jens H. Frostholm
John F. Brosnihan
Lieutenant Warren T. Hobbs
Frank C. Brough
Lieutenant Arthur W. Horne
Ralph A. Bruneau
Lieutenant H. Rockwood Knight
George Bullion
Lieutenant Donald W. Libby
John Bullock
Lieutenant William H. Montgomery
James Burke
Lieutenant Brayton Nichols
Ernest P. Carlson
Lieutenant Henry A. O'Leary
Corporal Henry F. Caron
Lieutenant Horace Wyman
Clarence H. Carr
Carl L. Abrahamson
Frank A. Carrigan
Dominick Edward Adams
Eugene S. Carter
Earl Q. Adams
Robert Cassie
William P. Allison
Richard Castham
Frank J. Anderson
Corporal Ralph L. Chabot
Sergeant John C. Anderson
Frederick W. Chaplin
Floyd H. Andrews
William Chapman
Claude H. Anson
Peter Clemenzi Louis Cody
Edward R. Askew
Arthur D. Condren
Exaid J. Barrett
James E. Conlon
Roy H. Bates
Sergeant Ralph Louis Cook
William B. Bates G. Barry
William J. Cooney
Roy D. Beachler
George D. Corey
Sergeant James M. Beatty
Corporal Arthur C. Corsen
George L. Benoit Carl G. Bergman
Charles Allen Creed
Francis B. Bertrand
Hugh M. Degnan
Andrea Dell'Orco
Henry W. Billings
Sergeant Jerome J. Courtney
Isadore W. Baker
Walter F. Coonan
752
WORCESTER COUNTY
Alfred J. Deemers Roy E. Deragon John E. Donnelly Edward Donohue Joseph Donvinto John P. Dorsey Patrick W. Doyle
Oscar A. Johnson
Willard Johnson Albert L. Johnston
Forest D. Jones
John J. Kane
Maxwell B. Katz
Corporal Walter T. Drohan
Walter P. Kelley
Leon A. Dumas
Herman Kaskinen
Joseph H. Dunn
Arthur Kemplin Clarence D. Kendrick
Corporal George E. Eklund
Norman L. Kennedy
Charles R. Ellis
Austin R. Kinney
Stephen Klukynas
Sergeant Fife V. Ellis Henry A. Emmons Earle R. Estabrook
Ernest F. Laforest
John F. Fahey
Leon Laflamme
John L. Finneran
Albert J. Lalime
Thomas F. Flannagan
Sergeant Harold C. Lamb
Stannis C. Flibbert
Sergeant Henry L. Lamb
Walter J. Foley
Peter Lankivan
Corporal William J. Forget
William L. Larmour
Charles G. French
Corporal Leander T. Larsen
Raymond J. Fortier
John F. Lawson
Joseph Fortin James B. Friel Frank H. Frost
Philip Lederer
Sergeant Nils H. E. Frostholm
Carl Wilhelm Lemberg
Corporal Leroy W. Gardner
Roscoe F. Leonard
Gardner B. Gaskill
William Leonard
Corporal Arthur D. Gaumond
Albert J. Lewis
Corporal Raymond C. Gilbert
John Liberir
C. Goddard
Almon Kemp Lincoln
Sergeant William Goodney
Carl J. Lindberg
Joseph W. Grabonski
Oscar W. Linsey
Arthur E. Green
Charles R. Livermore
Henry F. Green
John F. Lonergan
Wendell A. Harmon
Enos A. Harpell
Carl Wesley Harris
George A. Lumb
Albert Hart
Louis A. Lundin
Carl A. Lydgman
Carl W. Mabie
Sotereas M. Makos
Avak Manzovian
Noel Marc Aurele
Daniel M. P. Healy
George F. McCabe
Frank O. Hearn
John T. McCarthy
William Hebenstreit
Sergeant Francis J. McGrail
Joseph J. McGrath
Charles E. Henry Hugh J. Hickey
William C. McHugh
Sergeant Robert H. Hogg
Sergeant Harry J. McKeeby
Harry C. Hopkins
Charles Mclaughlin
Raymond A. Hulbert
William J. McTague
Corporal Patrick J. Hurley Morris Jaffe Alfred Johnson
Arthur W. Johnson
Corporal Robert A. Miller Corporal Carl Miller
Franz W. Miller
Corporal Carl P. Milliken
George N. Minor
Edwin A. Moore
George A .. Johnson
Nicholas Malooly Carmine Meringola
Sergeant Thomas Migauckas, Jr.
Charles J. Johnson David W. Johnson Elmer F. Johnson Francis L. Johnson
Earl E. Lovejoy
George N. Lowry
J. Albert Harvey
Leonard W. Haskins
Frank J. Hauser
John E. Hawkins
Corporal Louis R. Heal
Paul H. Lawless
Corporal Gibson B. Leach
A. La Freniere
Frank L. Edwards
Sergeant Cornelius F. Kelley
753
WORLD WAR
Charles J. Sullivan Jeremiah J. Sullivan John L. Sullivan Corporal Carl J. Sund
Albert J. Superneault Edward Superneault
Francis L. Sweeney
Peter D. Tamulevich
Ralph Thresher William F. Tierney
Aaron Torosian
Vincent Tovisio
Corporal John J. Travers
Henry P. Turcotte
Ciro Ursoleo
Corporal Anson M. Vibbert
Wilfred J. Vincent
Frank G. Warner
Corporal Frank S. Webb
Morris S. Wells
Corporal Homer J. Wheaton
Herbert O. Whitaker
James E. Whitesell
Philip F. Whittle
John Whittles
Cecil R. Williams
Ralph G. Williams
William H. Witt
Joseph Wolfe
Joseph Wolkowski
Joseph Wozalinski
Waldo N. Young
Corporal Alphonsus T. Wickham
Aurelia Wyman
NAVY.
Albert S. Abrahamson
Amede J. Amiot
Lieutenant John W. Bennett
Charles E. Bourke
A. F. Bridges
Walter F. Broadbent
Rollin M. Cannon
Franklin S. Clark
Lieutenant Thomas Courtney
Charles J. Graves
Albert L. Johnson
David W. Johnson Edward P. Lind
James A. McGourty
Jacob Simon
Samuel E. Midgeley Gordon Mixter Corporal J. Willard Moran
Walter R. Roche Arthur J. Rourke
Lieutenant Charles R. Seed
Corporal Herbert St. George
Arthur A. St. Germaine
John W. Viner
Lieutenant Frederick Wahlstrom
Herbert Watson Henry C. Weiss
Michael F. Moore Arnold H. Morgan James F. Morgan Andrew Moynihan James E. Mulvehill Tobey Najemy Michael J. Nee August M. Nelson Olive W. Norcross George H. Norsigian
Claus Nygren Edward T. O'Connor Patrick J. O'Connor
Claude I. Parrott Homer E. Payette
Irving Y. Pengalley
Joseph L. Perron
William A. Peterson
Sergeant Ernest Picard
Albert F. Ploetz Emil R. Ploetz
Harry J. Posner Edward F. Power Patrick J. Power
Francesco Protono
Andrew Ran Walter A. Rand Harold W. Randall
Payton C. Randolph
Sergeant John T. Rice
Corporal Edward G. Richards
Corporal Ralph S. Richards
William Roberts
William Rome, Jr. Raymond F. Ronayne
Vitagliano Rosso
Corporal Harry Rosefsky
Edward A. Roy George A. Roy
John J. Ryan
Corporal Gilbert Y. Sandy Fred H. Sargent Ralph W. Sargent
Antonio Schiavone
Corporal Thomas J. Shannon
James F. M. Sheeran
Sergeant George G. Shepard
William F. Shepard
Romeo Napoleon Siguin Corporal Harold E. Simmons
John G. Sklutas Charles Oscar Smith Harvey Smith Roy E. Smith
Wilbur Smithson
Theodore Southwick Samuel J. Starr Edward Steele
Raymond St. George
Wilfred C. St. Germain
Charles M. Streeter
Wor. 48
754
WORCESTER COUNTY
WORLD WAR RECORD OF WORCESTER COUNTY. FROM RECORDS OF ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Population
Number of Men in Service
Killed, Missing or Died of Disease
Ashburnham
2,059
91
5
Athol
9,783
532
21
Auburn
3,281
128
2
Barre
3,476
II6
7
Berlin
865
39
2
*Blackstone
5,689
147
6
Bolton
768
30
I
Boylston
783
25
0
Brookfield
2,059
63
2
Charlton
2,213
61
I
Clinton
13,192
657
17
Dana
712
21
I
Douglas
2,179
57
I
Dudley
4,373
72
6
+East Brookfield
33
O
Fitchburg
39,656
2,025
66
Gardner
16,376
675
22
Grafton
6,250
247
IO
Hardwick
3,596
108
8
Harvard
1,104
49
I
Holden
2,514
IIO
5
Hopedale
2,663
II2
7
Hubbardston
1,084
26
I
Lancaster
2,585
89
6
Leicester
3,322
170
4
Leominster
17,646
887
24
Lunenburg
1,610
47
3
Mendon
933
24
I
Milford
13,684
622
21
Millbury
5,295
219
7
įMillville
New Braintree
453
5
O
North Brookfield
2,947
107
6
Northboro
1,797
59
2
Northbridge
9,254
442
Oakham
527
9
Oxford
3,476
142
Paxton
471
14
I
Petersham
727
21
2
Phillipston
390
4
O
Princeton
800
25
I
Royalston
862
16
I
Rutland
,895
40
2
Shrewsbury
2,794
107
5
Southboro
1,898
98
I
Southbridge
14,217
651
24
Spencer
5,994
241
II
Sterling
1,400
52
2
Sturbridge
1,618
55
I
Sutton
2,829
62
0
Templeton
4,081
I33
8
Upton
2,036
64
I
Uxbridge
4,921
195
8
Warren
4,268
I 39
2
Webster
... 12,565
549
21
123
0
16
I
5
Town
1915
755
WORLD WAR
WORLD WAR RECORD OF WORCESTER COUNTY. FROM RECORDS OF ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Town
Population 1915
Number of Men in Service
Killed, Missing or Died of Disease
West Boylston
1,318
56
2
West Brookfield
1,288
30
0
Westboro
5,925
I90
5
Westminster
1,594
81
2
Winchendon
5,908
255
14
Worcester
162,697
9,30I
283
Totals
430,703
29,748
585
* Includes Millville, which was not set off as a separate town until May 1, 1916. Population of that part of Blackstone known as Millville, April 1, 1915, was 2,010.
# No record.
¿ Included in Blackstone record.
CHAPTER LIII
Great Men and Women of Worcester County
Out of Worcester County have come many men and women whose des- tinies have placed them among the Great Americans. Thousands of others, in the three centuries which have passed since the Nipmuck Country of Massachusetts was first settled, have given distinguished service to their Commonwealth and Nation, and have left behind them noteworthy contribu- tions to the progress of their country and to civilization. The number of these is so great as to make it impossible to tell their individual stories.
The purpose of this section of our book is to name and sketch the lives of those who may be said to have gained places in Worcester County's Hall of Fame, and, in many cases, among the American immortals. Brought together, they constitute a remarkable group, unique in its range of genius and effort. Many of the names are household words, and will remain such for many generations to come. Mingled in deeds done and beneficence bestowed is much color of romance, not only in the stirring lives of pioneer and soldier and sailor, but in the infinite bigness of what Worcester County men and women have done to relieve their fellowmen of suffering, and to ease their burdens and add to their happiness.
Consider these three: Morton, the man who by the discovery of anaes- thesia banished pain everywhere the surgeon must mend the human body ; Clara Barton, the woman who brought organized care to the wounded of the battlefield and hospital, and, founding the American Red Cross, organized relief, in peace time as well as in war, to the victims of disaster the world over ; and that other woman, Dorothea Dix, whose exalted zeal and eloquence gave, for the first time in all history, humane treatment to the insane.
Consider, too, three Worcester County farmer boys. Eli Whitney, who gave the world the cotton gin which made quickly possible the establishment of the great cotton manufacturing industry of the North, while it created the slave empire of the South. Elias Howe gave the women of the world the
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GREAT MEN AND WOMEN
precious boon of the sewing machine. The genius and infinite patience of Luther Burbank, as a breeder of plant life gave as his contribution prodigal additions to the flowers and fruits and vegetables which nature provided for man.
In our list are great pioneers, soldiers and sailors, patriots, and statesmen, scientists and inventors, historians, novelists, sculptors, jurists, practical reformers and philanthropists, educators, founders of great colleges and a university, and other institutions of intellectual culture and of art. The sum total of their accomplishments is an inspiring thought. In the sketches of their lives are contained incidents of county history which might not be else- where.
Several great names do not appear in this biographical section. One has an earlier chapter devoted to his career-General Rufus Putnam, founder of the Marietta Settlement of Ohio. The career of Alvah Crocker of Fitch- burg, railroad builder and a principal founder of the paper manufacturing industry of the north county is sketched in the chapters on transportation. The life of Abby Kelly Foster is told in the chapter of events which cul- minated in the War of the Rebellion.
John S. C. Abbott, Historian, 1805-1877-John Stevens Cabot Abbott, who ranks as one of America's great mid-nineteenth century historians, was a native of Brunswick, Maine, but he may be considered eligible to a place in Worcester County's rôle of fame, for it was in the five years, from 1829 to 1834, when he was pastor of the Central Calvinist Church, Worcester, that he conceived the idea of a life's work as a historian and entered upon a literary career. He was a member of the famous Bowdoin class of 1825, which included Longfellow and Hawthorne. His brother, Rev. Jacob Abbott, was the author of the famous "Rollo" books for boys.
His first published works were along religious lines, including The Mother at Home, which had large sales. He became widely known as a historian with the publication of The History of Napoleon Bonaparte, which was the first life of the great Frenchman printed in English which treated the subject in an unbiased, judicial manner. In fact, as a great admirer of Napoleon, it is written that he "ascribed to him not only capacities of the highest order, but more virtues and fewer faults than are often found in a human being." As other English writers had pictured Napoleon rather as a monster, Abbott's history attracted great attention among scholars and was widely read by the general public.
His other larger works are Kings and Queens; or Life in the Palace; The French Revolution of 1789; Napoleon at St. Helena; The History of Napoleon III; History of the Civil War in America; Romance of Spanish
758
WORCESTER COUNTY
History; The History of Frederick the Second of Prussia; The History of Christianity; and American Pioneers and Patriots.
Herbert Adams, Sculptor, 1858-Herbert Adams, distinguished sculptor, was born in Concord, Vermont, and was educated in the public schools of Fitchburg, at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, the Massachusetts Normal Art School, and finally as a pupil of Mercie in Paris. He was awarded the honorary degree of Master of Arts by Yale University in 1916 and by Tufts College in 1927. He has had a notable career as a sculptor and has received awards for his work at the expositions of Chicago, Paris, St. Louis and San Francisco. He was awarded the medal of honor of the Archi- tectural League in 1915, and the prize of the National Academy in 1916. The city of Fitchburg has a fine example of his art in the beautiful, and impres- sive bronze World War Memorial.
He was a member of the United States Commission on Fine Arts of the National Academy, United States, in 1899; is an ex-president of the National Academy of Design; a trustee of the American Academy of Arts and Let- ters ; and a member of the National Sculpture Society, American Federation of Arts, Architectural League of New York, and is a trustee of the American Academy in Rome.
Charles Allen, Jurist, 1797-1869-Charles Allen, Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, ardent and powerful anti-slavery man, esteemed in his day as one of the ablest men New England had produced, was born in Worcester, great-grandson of Samuel Adams, father of Samuel Adams the Revolutionary patriot. He entered Yale, but did not graduate, studied law, and became a leader of the Massachusetts bar. His part in the disruption of the Whig party and the foundation of the Free Soil, after- ward the Republican party, has been related in the chapter on the period preceding the Civil War. He was offered the office of Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court, but was compelled to decline it because of his health. Two stories are related of him which bespeak the man.
When he was a justice of the old court of Common Pleas the celebrated Wyman case was tried before him, with Daniel Webster as counsel for the defense, and judge and the great barrister clashed. As Senator Hoar told the incident : "The story is variously related, even by persons who were present on the occasion. The commonly accepted version, and one which is doubtless in substance correct, is that Mr. Webster was quite uneasy under the power- ful and luminous charge of the judge, and rose once or twice to call the judge's attention to what he supposed to be a mistake of fact or law. After one or two interruptions of this sort, Mr. Webster rising again, the judge
759
GREAT MEN AND WOMEN
said : 'Mr. Webster, I cannot suffer myself to be interrupted now.' To which Mr. Webster replied: 'I cannot suffer my client's case to be mis- represented.' To which the judge replied: 'Sit down, sir.' The charge pro- ceeded without further interruption, and the jury was sent to their room. Judge Allen then turned to Mr. Webster and said : 'Mr. Webster, -. ' Where- upon Mr. Webster rose with all the grace and courtesy of manner of which, when he chose, he was master, and said: 'Will your Honor pardon me a moment ?' and proceeded to make a handsome apology and express regret at the occurrence."
When Charles Allen was Chief Justice of the Superior Court, a fugitive slave who had escaped on a New Orleans ship was seized by his master and forced back into slavery. The people of Boston expressed such indignation that the captain of the vessel was arrested and brought before Judge Allen, and the anti-slavery public was jubilant that so strong an anti-slavery justice was to hear the case. The question was whether the act of seizure of the slave was within the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth. It was written of Judge Allen : "He taught the whole people of the country that even a slave- catcher could not fail in his reliance on the justice of Massachusetts ; and that her indignation against what she deemed the worst of outrages, the kidnap- ping of a human being, could not swerve her from her obedience to law." The man was acquitted on the ground that the offense was not committed within Suffolk County.
Jane (Goodwin) Austen, Novelist, 1831-1894-Jane (Goodwin) Aus- ten, native of Worcester, was one of the best known and most widely read novelists of the period 1860-92, embraced by the publication of her books. Her girlhood in Worcester was in a literary atmosphere rarely equalled any- where in so small a community, created by men such as Edward Everett Hale, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, George Bancroft, Governor, after- wards United States Senator, John Davis, John S. C. Abbott, and Elihu Bur- ritt, the "Learned Blacksmith."
The girl was a lineal descendant of Governor William Bradford of the Plymouth Colony, and she studied and absorbed the traditions and romance of the colony. Encouraged by the sympathy of her father, Isaac Goodwin, a lawyer, and her brother, John A. Goodwin, historian of Plymouth, she began to write very early in her life, and her work was accepted by various periodicals, and most of her stories were first published in serial form.
Her initial success was Dora Darling, which was followed by Outpost, Tailor Boy and Moon Fold. Her first books were published under her maiden name of Jane Goodwin, but after her marriage to Loring H. Austin of Boston, she wrote under her married name, and as Jane Austin, namesake
760
WORCESTER COUNTY
of the English Jane Austen of an earlier generation, she became known far and wide. The anthologies list the best known books of her earlier period as Fairy Dreams (1860) ; Cypher, a Romance (1869) ; The Shadow of Moloch Mountain (1870) ; Mrs. Beauchamp Brown, No Name Series (1880) ; A Nameless Nobleman (1882) ; Desmond Hundred Round Robin Series (1882); and Nantucket Scraps (1883). Jane Austin's chief fame came from her historical novels of the Plymouth Colony, where the interest of her girlhood was exhibited. These are Standish of Standish (1887) ; Dr. Le Baron and His daughters (1890) ; Betty Alden (1891) ; and David Alden's Daughter (1892).
Clara Barton, "Angel of the Battlefield," Founder of American Red Cross, 1821-1912-Clara Barton, "Angel of the Battlefield," as she was known in the Civil War by Union and Confederate soldiers alike, and founder of the American Red Cross, was born in Oxford, the daughter of Stephen Barton, who under Mad Anthony Wayne had fought the Indians when Michigan was the extreme western frontier of the United States. Her young womanhood was devoted to school teaching, and she might have rounded out her useful life in that profession had her health not broken down, compelling her to seek a change. One might well believe that Provi- dence worked to a predestined end by inflicting physical infirmity upon this great woman. Because of this breakdown she was in Washington, ready to meet her destiny and do for the soldiers of the rebellion what Florence Nightingale, "The Lady of the Crimea," did for the English wounded in the hospitals of Scutari. And again, when the war was ended, it was another physical collapse which sent her to Europe, there to receive the inspiration which led to the formation of the American Red Cross.
She went to Washington from her school at Bordentown, New Jersey, in 1854, and received an appointment as clerk in the Patent Office. War clouds were beginning to gather even then. She heard Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address. Fort Sumter was fired upon, and the call went forth for seventy-five thousand men. The first regiments from Massachusetts arrived at the capital and Clara Barton was eager to help them. She sent an advertisement to the Worcester Spy, asking for supplies and money and stating that she would receive all shipments and dispense them personally. The response was prompt and generous. Her home became a distributing agency.
She was not contented with what she was accomplishing for the cause. She volunteered as a nurse in the Washington hospitals. Many of the wounded brought back after the first fighting, had been so long neglected that there was no hope for them and all had suffered terribly from the pain of
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