USA > Maryland > The Maryland line in the Confederate Army, 1861-1865 > Part 9
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led on, notwithstanding their long and rapid march, but the enemy was allowed to remain unmolested in his strong position, and before morning he had been reinforced by many thousands. The first opportunity was lost. Now for the second.
On the evening of the Ist of July, after dark, Johnson's division moved on a line parallel with the York turnpike, crossing which about a mile below Gettys- burg it took its place in line of battle along the road leading to Hanover. That night the troops slept upon their arms, ready to renew the conflict in the morning.
The line of battle was formed with Longstreet on the right, Hill in the centre and Ewell on the left. Longstreet had orders to attack at 9 o'clock in the morning, but unfortunately he did not agree with General Lee in his plan of attack, and, in hopes of inducing or compelling him to conform to his views, he allowed the day to pass by until near 5 o'clock, when, because of still more peremptory orders to begin his attack, he reluctantly obeyed. His troops attacked with great vigor, and had they done so even an hour earlier Little Round Top, the key to the whole Federal position, would have fallen into their possession. As it was, it was only averted by the opportune arrival of large reinforcements of the enemy at the very moment when success seemed assured. Had the attack been made in the morning at y o'clock, as Longstreet had been ordered to make it, he would have found the position comparatively unoccupied, and the enemy, this position once in the hands of the Confederates, would have been compelled to make a precipitate retreat, which would have degenerated into a rout. Thus was lost the second opportunity.
In the meantime Ewell, who was to attack at the first sounds of Longstreet's guns, was in anxious expectancy, and when at length, after this irritating delay, the welcome signal to move forward was heard Ewell immediately put his troops in motion, preceded by a cloud of skirmishers.
The ground over which Johnson's Division moved was rough enough at first, but became much rougher after it had crossed Rock Creek and struck the wooded hill, known as Culp's Hill. Here immense rocks and bowlders were encountered, which greatly retarded the progress of the troops, and darkness came on, and no enemy save a few skirmishers had been encountered.
The regiments comprising Steuart's Brigade were assigned the following positions in line : Third North Carolina on the right : Second Maryland, Thirty-seventh Virginia, Twenty-third Virginia and Tenth Virginia, the First North Carolina being held in reserve. Finding that he was inclining too far to the left, General Steuart moved obliquely to the right, which movement brought the Third North Carolina and Second Maryland face to face with the enemy behind a line of log breastworks, and these two regiments received their full fire at very short range, for, owing to the darkness, the breastworks could not
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be seen ; at the same moment the Third North Carolina and Second Maryland received an enfilading fire from Green's New York Brigade, which was posted in an angle of the works, about three hundred yards to the right. The balance of Steuart's Brigade was on the other side of the ridge, and was not exposed to the fire at all. To make matters still worse, the First North Carolina, which was marching in reserve, believing they were being fired upon by the enemy, opened fire, by which a number of men in the two right regiments were killed and wounded.
The Second Maryland and Third North Carolina were staggered for a moment by the enemy's fire, but, quickly recovering, pressed forward and drove the enemy out of the works.
By this terrific fire in front and flank Lieutenant-Colonel James R. Herbert fell wounded in three places, and the Third North Carolina and Company A, on the right of the Second Maryland and commanded by Captain William H. Murray, suffered severely.
In describing the part taken by the Second Maryland Infantry in the battle of Gettysburg after the fall of Lieutenant-Colonel Herbert and the capture of the breastworks, the author will present it more in the form of a personal narra- tive, as he believes thereby it can be better understood and made more interesting to the reader :
After the fall of Colonel Herbert, finding myself in command of the regiment, I immediately threw the three left companies, commanded by Captains Torsch, Stewart and Crane, over the breastworks, at right angles with it, and, sheltered by the immense rocks, I was thereby enabled in a measure to open an enfilading fire upon the enemy in the angle, although we had but the flashes of their guns to guide our fire. That there were no troops in our immediate front I was convinced. Therefore, having acquired some knowledge of the country in my youth, and knowing the Baltimore turnpike was but some four or five hundred yards distant, I ordered Captain John W. Torsch to take one of his most reliable men and feel his way through the darkness until he reached the turnpike, unless he encountered the enemy in the meantime. This Captain Torsch did, and reported to me that he had been so close to the turnpike that he was able to see the wagons in motion. This satified me that we were not only on their flank, but in the rear of the enemy's right. This information I imparted to General Edward Jolinson in person a very short time after.
In the meantime the three left companies kept up a steady fire, and I knew from the frequent cries to " cease that firing ; you are shooting your friends !" that it was doing some execution.
Meanwhile a heavy body of troops were assembling in my front, and several officers and men came into my lines by mistake, and I learned from them that
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the breastworks we occupied had been thrown up by Geary's Division the day before, but that Geary had been called over to the left to assist in repelling Longstreet's attack, leaving but the brigade of Green in the works.
Upon the angle above spoken of Johnson made a direct assault and was repulsed with heavy loss. He could easily have flanked it, leaving a regiment or two to keep Green in the angle, and, moving down the enemy's flank, could have taken his line in reverse before the return of Geary. But, then, General Johnson was not a Stonewall Jackson, and the opportunity was allowed to pass unimproved.
Fearing a sudden attack, I returned the three left companies to the breast- works, where the men of the Third North Carolina and Company A were falling every minute from the deadly fire of the enemy in the angle. Had the brigade been moved a hundred yards to the left over the ridge, all could have been sheltered, and many a life saved. But these brave men were kept in their exposed position and needlessly slaughtered.
Until 11 o'clock in the night the firing continued steadily, and after that time it broke out fitfully until daylight, when it was renewed with redoubled fury, for during the night reinforcements to Green numbering many thousand men had assembled in front of Johnson's Division.
To add to the horrors of the situation a battery or two opened upon the division at short range, and most of their shells fell among the men of Steuart's Brigade, who were compelled to closely hug the ground behind the breastworks for protection. A more terrible fire men were never subjected to, and it was a miracle that any escaped.
In describing this fierce struggle for the possession of Culp's Hill the historian Bates says :
What a field was this ! For three hours of the previous evening. and seven of the morning, had the most terrible elements of destruction known to modern warfare been wielded with a might and dexterity rarely ever paralleled. The woods in which the battle had been fought was torn and rent with shells and solid shot and pierced with innumerable minnie balls. Trees were broken off and splintered, and that entire forest, where the battle raged most furiously, was, on the following year, leafless, the stately but mute occupants having yielded up their lives with those whom they overshadowed.
And speaking of the state of the hill on the 4th :
We came upon numberless forms elad in gray, either stark and stiff, or else still weltering in their blood. . . Turning whichever way we chose, the eye rested upon human forms lying in all imaginable positions. . . We were surprised at the accuracy as well as the bloody results of our fire. It was, indeed, dreadful to witness.
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About 8 o'clock on the morning of the 3d I made my way to the right of the battalion to see how it was faring. Company A had suffered dreadfully, and I found Captain Murray much distressed over the slaughter of his men. The Third North Carolina, being still more exposed than Company A, was almost annihilated, and Colonel Parsely informed me he had but nineteen men left, and, as he spoke, one of them fell dead in Captain Murray's lap. "And now," said the gallant Parsley, " I have but eighteen."
To add to our difficulties, the men were almost out of ammunition, but a noble spirit promptly responded to their call, and Lieutenant R. H. McKim, aide to General Steuart, started off through the dreadful fire, and safely returned with the much-needed supply.
At the request of Captain Murray, I took the responsibility of allowing him to withdraw his men a short distance, and shelter them behind some rocks, for a few minutes' rest. He had not been gone over ten minutes when the gallant Captain George Williamson, acting Adjutant-General of the brigade, came up and ordered me to move my battalion by the left flank, file to the right, and unite with the right of the Virginians, formed in a strip of wood. I saw in an instant the object of the movement, and told Captain Williamson "it was nothing less than murder to send men into that slaughter-pen." Captain Williamson agreed with me, and, moreover, said that General Steuart strongly disapproved of it, but that the order from General Edward Johnson was imperative.
Sending for Captain Murray, I imparted the order to him, and directed him to take his place in line. Having great confidence in Captain Murray, and knowing the veteran material of which his company was largely composed, and he being the Senior Captain, I assigned him to the command of the right of the battalion, believing I could better control the comparatively raw companies on the left in our desperate undertaking ; but, as subsequent events proved, the new men fought as gallantly as the veterans.
Filing to the left, and then to the right, all the companies of the battalion but two crossed a stone fence running parallel with the log breastworks, and about one hundred yards distant. The companies on the left of the stone fence formed on the edge of the woods, but on emerging from its cover had a field to cross without any shelter whatever, whilst the two companies on the right of the stone fence were sheltered by the woods throughout the whole charge. On our left were the three Virginia regiments and the First North Carolina.
The line being formed, I passed along the front of the battalion and observed the expression on many faces to see if the men realized the gravity of the situation. If they did they betrayed no weakness, but to the contrary seemed eager to be led forward. It was a dreadful moment, the moment before the order was to be given that would usher so many souls into eternity.
CHARGE OF MARYLAND INFANTRY (C. S.), GETTYSBURG, JULY 30, 1863.
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Presently there was heard from the right a voice, clear and distinct, and a command many of us had heard and obeyed before. It was that of the gallant Steuart. " Attention ! Forward, double-quick ! March !" At a right-shoulder shift the little battalion started forward to meet death and defeat. But ten feet of woods intervened before the left companies of the Second Maryland and the Virginia regiments and First North Carolina came into the field and were exposed to the view of the enemy strongly posted in the woods less than two hundred yards off. The woods uncovered the mien of the regiments on the left of the Second Maryland and they threw themselves upon the ground, and despite the pleadings and curses of their officers refused to go forward. Never shall I forget the expressions of contempt upon the faces of the men of the left com- panies of the Second Maryland as they cast a side glance upon their comrades who had proved recreant in this supreme moment. But the little battalion of Marylanders, now reduced to about three hundred men, never wavered nor hesitated, but kept on, closing up its ranks as great gaps were torn through them by the merciless fire of the enemy. in front and flank, and many of the brave fellows never stopped until they had passed through the enemy's first line or had fallen dead or wounded as they reached it. Three hundred Marylanders and eighteen North Carolinians charging a strong position defended by three brigades !
But flesh and blood could not withstand that circle of fire, and the survivors fell back to the line of log breastworks, where they remained several hours, repulsing repeated assaults of the enemy, until ordered by General Johnson to fall back to Rock Creek.
General Steuart was heartbroken at the disaster, and wringing his hands, great tears stealing down his bronzed and weather-beaten cheeks, he was heard repeatedly to exclaim : "My poor boys ! My poor boys !"
In this disastrous charge the noble Murray was killed, and being wounded myself the command devolved upon the next ranking officer present, the veteran Torsch .*
Ah ! it was a sad, sad day that brought sorrow to many a poor Maryland mother's heart.
Some years after the battle of Gettysburg the author was going over the field in company with Colonel Batchelder, the Government historian. Arriving at the point where the foremost of the men of the Second Maryland had fallen, Colonel Batchelder said he would tell me an incident related to him by a Federal officer who had assisted in repttlsing
* In the "Maryland Line" publishe:l in 1869, by an oversight the author said Captain Crane the rank- ing officer, after the fall of Murray, took command of the battalion when it fell back to the breastworks on the morning of the 3d. Captain Crane became separated from his command in some manner during the charge, and did not immediately rejoin it.
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the charge. He said that officer tohi him one of the members of the Second Maryland Infantry fell wounded within a few feet of his men. After his comrades were driven back he was seen to raise himself in a sitting position and deliberately proceed to load his gun. Perceiving this, the Federal officer directed some of his men to shoot the wounded Confed- erate should he attempt to fire upon them. After having reloaded his gun the brave fellow exclaimed : "I will die before you shall make me a prisoner !" and placing the muzzle of his gun to his head he pressed the trigger with the ramrod and blew his brains out. Whose mother's brave son was this ?
The casualties in the Second Maryland were frightful during the two days, and many of the wounded were left behind when the army fell back.
The following is a list of killed and wounded, as near as can be ascertained :
FIELD AND STAFF.
WOUNDED. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL JAMES R. HERBERT, seriously. MAJOR W. W. GOLDSBOROUGH, seriously.
COMPANY A .- CAPTAIN WILLIAM H. MURRAY.
KILLED. CAPTAIN WILLIAM H. MURRAY.
Privates.
BRUCE, WILLIAM. LLOYD, C. T. NICHOLAI, HERMAN.
HARDESTY, JOHN W.
MCINTYRE, GEORGE W. STARLINGS, GEORGE C.
IGLEHART, JAMES, JR.
MORRISON, WILBUR. WINDOLPH, JOHN H.
KENNEDY, ARTHUR.
MCCORMICK, HENRY A.
WOUNDED.
FIRST LIEUTENANT GEORGE THOMAS, severely. FIRST SERGEANT WILLIAM J. BLACKISTONE, severely. SERGEANT JAMES W. THOMAS, severely. CORPORAL CHARLES E. MAGUIRE, severely.
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Privates.
BOND, JOHN, slightly.
BOWLEY, WILLAM H., mortally.
BARRY, PHILIP, slightly.
BRADDOCK, CHARLES S., slightly.
BOLLING, WALLACE, severely.
BOLLING, THOMAS B., severely.
LAIRD, WILLIAM H., slightly.
CAREY, JAMES E., slightly.
CHANDLER, WILLIAM S. J., mortally.
CLAYVILLE, MOSES, severely.
FINDELL, PHILIP, mortally.
DAVIS, JACOB N., severely.
SANDERSON, FRANK H., mortally. SOLLERS, A. J., slightly.
EDELIN, WILLIAM J., slightly.
FREEMAN, BERNARD, severely.
FULTON, ALEXANDER, slightly.
GARDINER, WILLIAM F., severely.
GLENN, SAMUEL T., slightly.
HANSON, NOTLEY, slightly.
HOPKINS, SAMUEL J., severely.
HOWARD, D. RIDGELY, severely.
STEELE, CHARLES H., severely. THELIN, WILLIAM T., severely.
TRAIL, CHARLES M., severely.
TRIPPE, ANDREW C., severely. WILLIAMS, JOHN P., dangerously.
ZOLLINGER, JACOB E., severely.
CAPTURED.
EMORY, ALBERT.
LUCHESI, DAVID H. SMITH, H. TILLARD.
HUBBALL, BERNARD. PEREGOY, JAMES A.
COMPANY B .- CAPTAIN J. PARRAN CRANE.
KILLED.
SERGEANT THOMAS S. FREEMAN. PRIVATE WARREN F. MOORE.
WOUNDED.
SECOND LIEUTENANT JAMES H. WILSON, severely. SERGEANT FRANCIS Z. FREEMAN, slightly. CORPORAL GEORGE HAYDEN, mortally. CORPORAL THOMAS SIMMS, severely. CORPORAL WILLIAM F. WHEATLEY, slightly.
HOLLYDAY, LAMAR, dangerously. IVES, LEONARD W., mortally. KLEMKIEWIEZ, T. A., severely.
LOANE, W. T. V., slightly. LOWE, W. E., severely.
LAKE, CRAIG, severely. MARNEY, JOHN, dangerously.
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Privates.
ALVEY, JAMES P., severely.
CHUNN, JOHN H., slightly.
COMBS, EDGAR, slightly.
DELOZIER, THOMAS J., seriously.
FENWICK, ALBERT, slightly.
FORD, HENRY, slightly.
HAYDEN, JOHN A., severely.
KEFCH, JAMES H., severely.
MAGILL, THOMAS F., slightly. MILSTEAD, JOSEPH H., slightly. SIMMS, WILLIAM H., severely. TURNER, HENRY, severely. TURNER, WILLIAM L., slightly. WEBSTER, JAMES R., dangerously.
WILLS, JOHN W., severely. WILLS, JAMES A., severely.
COMPANY C .- CHARLES W. HODGES COMMANDING.
KILLED. FIRST SERGEANT ROBERT H. CUSHING.
Privates.
DUVALL, DANIEL. DAVIS, MICHAEL.
KENNEY, BERNARD. LANHAM, BENJAMIN L.
O'BYRN, JOHN T. McWILLIAMS, JAMES.
DULANEY, JEREMIAII.
PAYNE, BENJAMIN.
WOUNDED.
SECOND LIEUTENANT JOSEPH W. BARBER, mortally. SECOND LIEUTENANT THOMAS H. TOLSON, slightly. SERGEANT GEORGE PROBEST, severely. CORPORAL BEALE D. HAMILTON, mortally. CORPORAL JAMES A. LAWSON, mortally.
ANDERSON, SAMUEL, mortally. CLOUGHI, ROBERT H., slightly. DUVALL, TOBIAS, seriously. EDGAR, THOMAS, mortally. HAMILTON, SAMUEL H., slightly. HAMMOND, EDGAR, mortally. HAMMOND, CHARLES, slightly. McGENA, JOHN, severely.
Privates.
McCANN, WILLIAM V., seriously. NASH, JAMES, mortally. NICHOLS, WILLIAM L., mortally. STEELE, FRANK K., severely. SKINNER, WILLIAM H., slightly. SHIPLEY, WILLIAM A., severely. WHITE, JOHN G., slightly.
113 CAPTURED. CORPORAL EDWARD A. WELCH.
Privates.
DAWSON, ROBERT M. MULLIKEN, WALTER.
STORM, FRANCIS E. SCHULTZ, JUSTUS.
COMPANY D .- CAPTAIN JOSEPH L. MCALEER.
KILLED. Privates.
BROWN, JAMES A.
KERNS, CORNELIUS.
WOUNDED.
SERGEANT WILLIAM JENKINS, slightly. CORPORAL JOSHUA OWINGS, mortally. CORPORAL EMMETT M. WEBB, mortally.
GREEN, LEWIS, severely. HAYS, JOHN, slightly. HINES, THOMAS J., seriously. KILLMAN, RICHARD G., slightly.
Privates. LIPSCOMB, PHILIP, slightly. O'BRIEN, JAMES H., severely. SEPTER, JOHN H., severely. WATTS, WILLIAM, slightly.
CAPTURED.
Privates.
WILLIAM HOGARTHY. JOIIN LAMB.
COMPANY E .- CAPTAIN JOHN W. TORSCH.
WOUNDED. FIRST LIEUTENANT WILLIAM J. BROADFOOT, mortally. SERGEANT P. M. MOORE, mortally. CORPORAL JOHN CAIN, slightly. CORPORAL JAMES REDDIE, severely.
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Privates.
BARRY, MICHAEL, severely.
BYUS, CHARLES E., severely.
BROWN, JOHN, severely.
BRANDT, ALEXANDER, slightly.
FALLON, JAMES, slightly.
FALLIS, EDWARD, severely.
HALBIG, J. S., severely. LEMATES, JAMES, severely.
MARTIN, JOHN N., slightly.
MORAN, WILLIAM P., severely. MCGEE, DANIEL, slightly.
ROBERTS, FRANK, severely. RADECKE, HERMAN H., severely.
SULLIVAN, JOHN, severely. WILKINSON, WILLIAM A., slightly.
CAPTURED. MICHAEL BURKE
COMPANY F .- CAPTAIN ANDREW J. GWYNN.
KILLED. HENRY G. TAYLOR.
WOUNDED.
CAPTAIN ANDREW J. GWYNN, slightly. SECOND LIEUTENANT JOHN G. HYLAND, slightly. FIRST SERGEANT NICHOLAS J. MILLS, severely. SERGEANT JOSEPH S. WAGNER, severely.
ANDERSON, LEROY, slightly. CLAGETT, GEORGE H., slightly. CLAGETT, J. W., slightly. DOYLE, PHILIP, severely. DUNNINGTON, LEMUEL, slightly. DEMENT, BENJAMIN F., severely. HODGES, BENJAMIN, slightly.
Privates.
HOLDEN, ROBERT, severely. KNOTT. MINION F., severely. KEEPERS, ALEXIS V., slightly. POLK, SAMUEL, severely. THOMPSON, JOHN W., slightly WAGNER, R., severely.
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COMPANY G .- CAPTAIN THOMAS K. STEWART.
KILLED. SECOND LIEUTENANT WILLIAM C. WRIGHTSON.
J. S. LITTLEFORD.
Privates. J. H. GOSSOM. W. B. CATOR.
WOUNDED. CAPTAIN THOMAS R. STEWART, severely. FIRST LIEUTENANT JAMES A. DAVIS, slightly. CORPORAL J. EDWARD BRIDDELL, severely.
Privates.
ABBOTT, JAMES, severely.
ADKINS, S. E., slightly.
FOUNTAIN, W. B., mortally. ROBBINS, WILLIAM, slightly.
BRESLIN, E. W., mortally.
TWILLY, BENJAMIN F., severely.
BOYLES, DANIEL, slightly.
TINGLE, D. B. P., severely.
CLARKE, CHARLES A., severely.
VICKERS, W. A., severely.
FENTSWAIT, J. R., mortally.
WOOLFORD, J. L., slightly.
CAPTURED. Privates.
L. H. WEAVER.
Ross MESSICK.
General Thomas P. Kane, of the Second Pennsylvania Brigade, says in his official report of the engagement :
" At 10.30 o'clock the enemy made their last determined effort by charging in column of regiments. Their advance was Stenart's Brigade of Johnson's Division. The First Maryland Battalion (Confederate States) left most of their dead in line with our own. It cannot be denied that they behaved courageously."
General Kane little knew - and would have been ashamed of the fact - when he penned that report that instead of a charge in " column of regiments " upon him and the masses of troops supporting him, that there were no Confed- erates to receive their fire but three hundred Marylanders, who alone constituted the " charge in column of regiments." Yes, " they behaved courageously."
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General John W. Geary, who commanded the division attacked, says :
"At 10.25 o'clock two brigades of Johnson's Division, having formed in column of regiments, charged upon our line on the right. They met the determined men of Kane's Brigade, which poured into them so continuous a fire that when within seventy paces their columns wavered and soon broke to the rear. The First Maryland Battalion (rebel ) was in the advance, and their dead lay mingled with our own."
No greater tribute could be paid the little Second Maryland Infantry. Three hundred brave men, magnified into two brigades closed in "columns by regi -. ments," charging into a division ! And yet " their dead lay mingled with our own." Truly, to mingle the dead of the Second Maryland with the Federal dead is the best evidence that the noble fellows charged to the very muzzles of the guns of the enemy, where they died.
Surely, the present generation of Marylanders, and the countless genera- tions to come, should be proud of the valor displayed by their forefathers in this, the fiercest battle of the great Civil War.
But it was not only at Gettysburg, but in many battles before, and many battles afterward, that the same sublime courage and devotion to the cause was made manifest by Maryland's sons.
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CHAPTER III.
During the afternoon of the 3d, the Second Maryland was ordered back to the line of Rock Creek, followed by the enemy's skirmishers, but at a respectful distance, and the casualties were consequently few. The Northern historians, without exception, assert that Stenart was driven out of the works at the point of the bayonet, and so do the official reports of some of the Federal commanders. There never was anything farther from the truth, and it is very much like that story of the battalion " charging in column of regiments." The fact is, the brigade remained in the breastworks captured from the enemy on the evening of the 2d until ordered back by General Edward Johnson on the afternoon of the 3d, when it retired deliberately to Rock Creek, where some little skirmishing occurred at long range.
The brigade held its position on Rock Creek until about midnight, when .it moved to the right, and by daylight it had formed line of battle in the rear of Seminary Hill.
This position was held all day of the 4th, and the skirmishers of the Second Maryland were on the outskirts of Gettysburg, where they remained until the retreat began.
About 2 o'clock on the morning of the 5th of July the command took the road leading to Monterey Springs, Johnson's and Rodes' Divisions bringing up the rear of the army.
But we had enough of the dreadful in the last chapter, and it is unnecessary to give a detailed account of the suffering and misery endured by the heroic survivors of the Army of Northern Virginia during their return march through the rain and mud and darkness until Hagerstown was reached. And still these men were cheerful to a degree that could hardly have been expected under the trying circumstances surrounding them, and they felt the loss of comrades left behind torn and bleeding on that bloody field at Gettysburg more than they did their own sufferings. Their sufferings were mental, more than physical. They had, it is true, fought a drawn battle when they should have won one, but that could be evened up by winning the next one, and they were made happy when at length, on July 11, the vicinity of Hagerstown was reached, and General Lee formed his line of battle, this time on ground of his own choosing, and threw down the gauntlet to Gencral Meade. So far that General had only followed the Confederate Army. No pursuit had been attempted except by his cavalry, which contented itself with raids upon the wagon trains, and, although Lce marched leisurely, General Meade marched more leisurely. Between Hagerstown and
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