USA > Maine > Lincoln County > Boothbay > The shipping days of old Boothbay from the revolution to the world war : with mention of adjacent towns > Part 1
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Gc 974.102 B65r 1770856
M. D.
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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= ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01092 1788
The Shipping Days OF Old Boothbay
FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE WORLD WAR WITH MENTION OF ADJACENT TOWNS BY GEORGE WHARTON RICE
BOOTHBAY HARBOR, MAINE
1938
18 SET
1770856
F 84111 .74
1
i
Rice, George Wharton.
The shipping days of old Boothbay from the revolution to the " old war, with mention of adjacent towns, by George Wharton Rice. Boothbay Harbor, Me. (Portland, Printed by the South worth-Anthoensen press, 1938.
xv, 419 p. plates, rerts., map, facsimis. 23gem. "Notes and references" : D. (3751-1380]
1. Shipping-Boothbay, Me. 2. Boothbay, Me .- Ilist. 8. Boothbay, Me .- Blog. I. Title.
00-110
Library of Congress F2O.B7OR5
- Copy 2.
Copyright A 125121 -
.15
Copyright, 1938, by George Wharton Rice All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America by The Southworth-Anthoensen Press, Portland, Maine
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019
https://archive.org/details/shippingdaysofol00rice
TO MY MOTHER AND AUNT SARAH EMERSON RICE MARY CATHERINE EMERSON THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED
PREFACE
T HE seacoast of Maine is now a summer playground. Visitors wan- der idly over the grass-grown sites of former shipyards and care- lessly view the rotting wharves, formerly alive with the activities of a bold, hardy and enterprising people. But to the rapidly increasing population of Maine's early days life was stern and hard. There were usually two outlets-the farm and the sea. The farmer's son resting on his hoe watched the ship whose launching he perhaps had attended dis- appearing into the unknown regions of his daydreams, and listened in eager wonderment to tales of returning kinsmen or townsfolk. Serious life began at an early age. Children of five weeded the garden; boys of nine to twelve made their first trip to the Grand Banks, often as cooks, developing in that rough-and-ready school of experience courage, initi- ative and quick action in emergencies-lessons so essential to a sailor's life.
Although neither sailor nor writer, I must have inherited a love for the sea. In the waters around Boothbay I learned to sail a boat, and my interest in shipping has never wavered. A number of deep-water voy- ages and familiarity with American seaports and Havana have given me a clearer picture of the part which numerous Maine brigs and top- sail schooners played in the carrying trade during the clipper-ship era. At the Boston Marine Museum, during a brief association with the late Mr. Nathaniel F. Emmons, prominent yachtsman and an authority on old shipping, I learned the ropes of marine research, and determined to ascertain the activities of my maritime ancestors. The task proved successful, and long-buried facts relating to the early shipping of this region were brought to light. To data thus obtained has been added a large amount of information by Miss Elizabeth Freeman Reed, inde- fatigable student of the early history of the Boothbay region. Without her valuable assistance this book could not have been written.
viii
PREFACE
Mr. Frederick C. Matthews of San Francisco, author of American Merchant Ships, suggested the desirability of a permanent record of Boothbay shipping-an undertaking previously encouraged by the Honorable William D. Patterson of the Maine Historical Society, whose untimely death has prevented a fuller account of Sheepscot River activities. Doubtless much remains to be told, but all available information has been utilized. Wherever possible, it seemed fitting that the actual participants tell the story; the historical evidence speaks for itself, with neither the evil minimized nor the good exaggerated. To my brother Emerson I am indebted for many valuable suggestions, and have profited by the interest and first-hand information of the late Captain Alfred Race.
A ship is a beautiful creation of several minds and many hands, guided in details of construction by a master-builder. In like manner this account has been built by the lives and words of generations of men long silent. Thousands of facts have been assembled and dovetailed to form a fairly complete account of local shipping. If the result merits approval by the descendants of those brave mariners who sailed the seven seas from the Boothbay region, I shall be content.
G. W. R.
October 9 1937.
..
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
F OR reports of American shipping, I am indebted to contempora- neous newspaper files in libraries at Boothbay Harbor and Port- land, Maine, Boston, New York, Norfolk, Savannah, Charleston, New Orleans, San Francisco and the Library of Congress, Washington; also to old custom-house records in various ports on the Atlantic seaboard, Boston Marine Museum and the Maine Historical Society. Assistance rendered by three local residents, Miss Elizabeth Freeman Reed, Cap- tain Alfred Race and Mr. Francis B. Greene, is mentioned elsewhere. For the sea-letters of Messrs. William Kenniston and Silas Smith, I acknowledge the courtesy of Miss Mary A. Kenniston and Mrs. Mabel Smith Rand, respectively, both of Boothbay Harbor; also that of Mrs. Constance Cushing Bessey of North Scituate Beach, Massachusetts, for the sea-journal of her father, Mr. Herbert B. Cushing. Many others, including Messrs. Eben and John P. Chase, Mary E. Campbell and Mrs. Ida C. Kenniston, descendants of the Chases of Edgecomb; Mrs. W. F. Snow of Randolph, Maine; and Mrs. Maxwell C. Kimball of Cincinnati, have been helpful concerning their respective families. In the section devoted to the Southport fisheries, skippers Eugene, How- ard and Zina Pierce furnished much of the information.
In general I wish to mention the works of Mr. Lincoln Colcord of Searsport, Maine; Mr. Carl C. Cutler of Mystic, Connecticut; the late Mr. Frederick C. Matthews of San Francisco; Mr. William Brown Meloney of New York; Mr. William Hutchinson Rowe of Yarmouth, Maine; and Mr. John R. Spears of Utica, New York, all of whose writ- ings have been instructive and interesting.
CONTENTS
PREFACE vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
I. MARITIME EVENTS DURING THE REVOLUTION 3
II. EARLY SHIPWRECKS-PIRACY-SEA SERPENTS 16
III. FRENCH SPOLIATIONS 29
IV. MARITIME INTERESTS-1801-1815 47
V. SAILING AND STEAM PACKETS-SHIPBUILDING 60
VI. THE TOPSAIL SCHOONERS 74
VII. THE ARGONAUT VESSELS 83
VIII. THE BRIGS 109
IX. A VOYAGE TO THE MEDITERRANEAN 125
X. BRIGS CONNECTED WITH BOOTHBAY 139
XI. THE BARKS 150
XII. THE SHIPS 163
XIII. VESSELS AND VOYAGES OF THE EMERSONS 171
XIV. VESSELS AND VOYAGES OF THE EMERSONS [CONTINUED] 193
XV. VESSELS AND VOYAGES OF THE EMERSONS [CONCLUDED] 215
XVI. THE FORE-AND-AFTERS 229
XVII. MARITIME ANNALS OF BOOTHBAY 247
xii-OK
CONTENTS
MASTERS AND MARINERS
SECTION
I. THE EARLY MASTERS 263
II. BOOTHBAY 273
III. SOUTHPORT 326
341
IV. EDGECOMB
V. WESTPORT 356
360
VI. WISCASSET
VII. THE UPPER SHEEPSCOT 36.4
VIII. GEORGETOWN 366
IX. BRISTOL 370
NOTES AND REFERENCES 375
APPENDIX 381
I. BOOTHBAY VESSELS
II. SOME SHEEPSCOT RIVER VESSELS 387
III. THE SOUTHPORT FISHING FLEET. SHIPWRECKS 389
IV. CHASE, EMERSON, AND SOUTHARD. SOME BRISTOL SHIPS 391
V. WAR PETITIONS AND OCCURRENCES 393
VI. MILITARY AND NAVAL SERVICE 399
INDEX 413
ILLUSTRATIONS
Arrival, Mouse Island
facing 3 14
Clark Linekin's Map
Massachusetts Archives 1777.
Action between the Enterprise and the Boxer From a painting in the Navy Department.
52
Armed Brig
53
Full-rigged Ship 53
From a model constructed by Captain Alfred Race.
The British Brig Boxer 53
From an old ivory model. Courtesy of Constance Cushing Bessey.
The Sasanoa at Boothbay 60
Courtesy of the late Julia Low.
The Wiwurna 60
From a photograph by McDougall and Keefe.
Oven's Mouth
61
East Boothbay, Steamer Enterprise
61
From a photograph by McDougall and Keefe.
Full-rigged Brig 11(
From a painting by Charles Robert Patterson. Courtesy of Constance Cushing Bessey.
Barque Archer of Boothbay 117
Russell Lewis, commander, entering Marseille. Courtesy of L. H. Stubbs.
Hermaphrodite Brig Havana 124
From an Italian painting at Messina. Courtesy of Flora Reed Hills.
Hermaphrodite Brig Torrent Entering Genoa 124
From an Italian painting. Courtesy of Dora Montgomery Blake.
Herbert B. Cushing 125
Brig Rainbow of Boothbay 192
From a sketch made in 1855, redrawn by Winthrop Pratt Jr.
xiv - 0/L
ILLUSTRATIONS
Sarah and Mary Emerson 192
Mrs. William S. Emerson and Grandson, Winfield L. Rice 192
William S. Emerson, John B. Emerson, William A. Emerson,
George G. Emerson, Samuel M. Reed, Flora M. Reed 193
Ship Valley Forge of Gardiner 208
Ralph W. Emerson
Sarah Watts Emerson 208
Schooner Tookolita
240
From an oil painting. Courtesy of Elizabeth F. Reed.
Freeman K. Reed and Children: Kate, Fullerton, and Elizabeth
240
Safe in Boothbay
241
'On these romantic shores of Maine' 241
Boothbay Harbor 256
From a photograph by H. R. McGregor.
Outward Bound, the Natalie B. Nickerson
256
From a photograph by McDougall and Keefe.
Barque Sarmiento 257
Built by Stephen Sargent.
Ship John T. Berry 257
Built at Thomaston by Samuel Watts. From a painting by Peter O. Jorgensen.
American Shipmasters' Association 276
Benjamin F. Blair, Alfred Race, Gilman A. Low, Edgar McClin- tock, Cephas Reed and Wife Martha, Silas Smith, U.S.N. 284
Pierce's Cove, Southport 340
Joseph Emerson 340
John Brown Emerson 340
208
تولد أو مستاول
ILLUSTRATIONS
XV
The Old Willow Tree
341
Ship Eliza McNeil of Thomaston off Cape Horn From an oil painting. Courtesy of H. W. Thorndike.
348
The Emerson Propeller 350
Shipping Card Advertising the Eliza McNeil 351
Shipping Card Advertising the L. B. Gillchrest 351
THE SHIPPING DAYS OF OLD BOOTHBAY
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6
ARRIVAL, MOUSE ISLAND
CHAPTER I
MARITIME EVENTS DURING THE REVOLUTION
W HILE there were no important military or naval actions at Booth- bay, numerous minor maritime incidents worthy of mention reflect the spirit and courage of its seaboard inhabitants, exposed as they were on a defenseless coast. Within a month after the news of Bunker Hill reached Boothbay, perhaps by the bearer of the old flint- lock used on that historic hilltop and placed on his return in the old Leishman house, where it remained for more than a century, prepara- tions were under way for the impending struggle with the mother country. What seems to have been the first local act against the British Crown occurred when volunteers under the command of Colonel James Cargill and Major Edward Emerson captured Fort Pownal on the Penobscot in July, seized several coasters suspected of carrying sup- plies to the English ships and troops in Boston, and brought the vessels and two of the masters to Boothbay. The Major was detailed to convey the prisoners, Peleg Crooker and Nathan Phillips, to Watertown for a hearing before the General Court.
While there, in August, Major Emerson petitioned that: 'he may be allowed to fit out sed Schooner for a Privateer, ... for the Defence of the Sea Coast in the eastern Part of this Colony.' The committee reported: 'that the conduct of said Regiment of Militia in destroying Fort Pownal and taking a number of vessels is highly approved and the said sloops be secured in said towns where they now are and the schooner taken shall remain in the care of the petitioners and be em- ployed in the defense of the sea-coast and annoyance of the enemy.' The sloops were laid up. One, Peleg Crooker's Nancy, was libeled for carrying supplies to the enemy, but later was ordered released. The two-masted vessel was perhaps schooner Dolphin, which Colonel Car- gill fitted out the following February and 'ordered Andrew Reed jr. to coast in her to Portsmouth and Newburyport for rigging.'
The commodious harbor of Townsend or Boothbay, situated be- tween Boston and Halifax, formed a natural rendezvous for the King's ships stationed off the coast during the war to harry his rebellious sub- jects and capture their small blockade runners. Among the naval ves-
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THE SHIPPING DAYS OF OLD BOOTHBAY
sels were the 44-gun frigate Rainbow, 28-gun frigate Milford and 14- gun brig Albany. The region was well known to the naval officers; for in 1772 a British ensign, George Sprowles, prepared a map of the sea- coast from the river Kennebec to Round Pond. His chart gives the latitude of Cape Newagen and the northern end of Damariscove as about the same. Up the Sheepscot on the Westport side appear Rum Cove, where smugglers hid their rum under water, Harraden's Rocks and, about a mile above, Decker's Point, the northern end of Westport. On the eastern side of the river Hendrick's Head and harbor are charted, and Ship or Sawyer's Island is called Davis Island (after Israel Davis). Up the Damariscotta River opposite Farnham's Head is Fullington's Cove, and east of Pleasant Cove, so called in 1765, is Kent's Island. The expanse of waters lying between the rivers Kenne- bec and Damariscotta was known then as Broad Bay. Thus from an observation by a British officer, Townsend, Broad Bay, was in Febru- ary 1787 placed 'in latitude 43° 49' N.'
In mid-October 1775 occurred one of the numerous 'alarms' of the war, occasioned by the appearance of a squadron, commanded by Henry Mowat of the Royal Navy, coming to anchor inside Damaris- cove. Live stock on the island was carried off, and the house of Daniel Knight, occupied by one Wheeler, was ruthlessly burned. After three days' stay the vessels sailed. That afternoon they arrived in Casco Bay, and the following day bombarded, set on fire and destroyed most of the town of Falmouth. It was considered a wanton act of revenge by Mowat for his detention there the previous spring.
About the same time schooner Britannia, William Peirce Johnson master, arrived in Boothbay from the West Indies with a cargo of munitions of war destined for another place. The Boothbay Com- mittee of Safety, through chairman John Beath, prevailed upon John- son to deliver to them part of the ammunition, which later he desired returned for delivery elsewhere. Pending an order of the General Court, to which a petition for munitions had been addressed by Major Edward Emerson in behalf of the officers of the Lincoln County regi- ment, the committee refused.
The following apocryphal anecdote relates to a banquet said to have been given on Captain Mowat's ship in 1775, at which a young
5
MARITIME EVENTS DURING THE REVOLUTION
sea-captain of Boothbay participated as a guest. The dinner was served with considerable style, and wine circulated freely. As conversation became more familiar, it turned upon the state of the country, and Captain Booth naturally refrained from expressing himself strongly in support of views repugnant to the host of whose salt he had par- taken. At length Mowat opened a strong box in which a large quantity of gold was deposited, and pointing to the British flag said: 'Run up that ensign to the masthead of your handsome vessel yonder, and you shall have all the gold you want and a commission from the Crown into the bargain.' The young man drew himself up at once and replied: 'I am but a poor obscure man at best, but poor as I am, the King of Eng- land is too poor to buy me.'
During the memorable year of 1776 the ship Christian, alleged property of a subject of England, was seized in the Sheepscot River by one Andrew Lepears and others, and libeled to show cause why she should not be condemned.
That summer two prizes arrived in the Sheepscot, a sloop bound to Halifax and a ship laden with Jamaica rum for a European port, cap- tured and sent in by a letter-of-marque vessel from Salem. Another arrived at Boothbay in September, an armed brigantine with prison- ers, captured a day or so after her separation from her convoy the Daphne by the brigantine Massachusetts, the prize having sailed from Falmouth, England, with a captain and twenty privates of the Six- teenth Regiment of Dragoons with their horses. At the end of the year England evened up matters a bit by capturing and burning a sloop from Portsmouth bound for the Sheepscot under command of a Cap- tain Pinkham. The captor was schooner George, tender to the Milford.
'As early in the war as December 7 1776 the brigantine Warren was purchased in Boston,' according to Greene's History of Boothbay, 'and placed in command of Capt. Paul Reed.' In this connection the follow- ing note from the Reverend John Murray of Boothbay, then on a visit to Boston, to Samuel A. Otis, Esq., 'at the Hon. the Bd. of War,' is of interest:
Winnissemmet Ferry, Dec. 13, 1776.
Sir: At the instance of Capt. Paul Reed, the bearer of this, I write you on this scrap of paper, that he and his brother David are my neighbors and
6
THE SHIPPING DAYS OF OLD BOOTHBAY
men of good reputation. That I know they were the sole owners of the brig Rosanna when I left Booth-Bay; that she was then unrigged and hauled up in a creek in Booth-Bay, to avoid the hands of the enemy; that the said David then proposed sending her to the West Indies as soon as his brother returned from sea, and I have never heard of the property of said brig be- ing altered, either in whole or part, and I do not believe it ever has.
I am, with great respect, Sir, your most humble servant,
Jno. Murray.
The Rosanna, doubtless named after Paul Reed's infant daughter, was probably the vessel purchased and renamed Warren in honor of the patriot who fell at Bunker Hill. Captain Reed fitted out the brig, shipped a crew (listed in the Appendix) and sailed with instructions to sell his cargo of lumber at a French West Indian island and purchase munitions of war. A month out the vessel was captured:
Sir-
Cape Francois, March 18, 1777
Notwithstanding the current report in America of the American vessels going into the french ports are protected by the french frigatt, I am sorry to assure you its without the least foundation as I had the misfortune to be taken within 5 miles of the fort entering this port and within a mile of the shore with a pilot on board, this hapened the 11th instant, by a brig from Jamaica mounting 14 large gunns, and in sight of a french Kings Snow of 16 gunns. Then going into the Cape which let this insult pass at the mouth of their port unnoticed; as having no arms on board the Brig; was taken in a calme by the boat which as soon as she began to fire upon us I gutted the vessel with all my people in the Brig's boat I came on shore here,-being in want of money for myself and people in order to supply them with the necessary provisions and procure them passage home I had no other recourse than to apply to Mr. Isaac Caton who is agent for the state of South Carolina and the only American settled here who with great cheerfulness offered to supply me with any money I wanted-I ac- cepted his offer and tooke up 140 Dollars for which I have taken the liberty ·to draw on you for & which I begg You'l please to pay due tomorrow and place to the account of
Sir: you mo' Hum Serv. Paul Reed
For Samuel Philips Savage, Esqu. President of the Board of War
Boston
7
MARITIME EVENTS DURING THE REVOLUTION
That summer Captain Reed commanded a brigantine of ten guns and sixty men. Well named Reprisal, she captured the British brigan- tine Nancy under Captain John Forsyth, who later sought to be ex- changed for an American officer imprisoned in New York. Although minor prizes were taken, this was Paul Reed's most important exploit.
The war was well under way in 1777, and in May, while on a cruise to the eastward, the 32-gun frigate Hancock, John Manley commander, and the 28-gun ship Boston, Captain Hector McNeil, fell in with and captured the British 28-gun ship Fox. The Boston took off the prison- ers, manned the Fox with about sixty men and resumed the cruise. Near Halifax in June the small squadron was sighted by the frigate Rainbow, Sir George Collier, which, with two other armed vessels, pursued, engaged and retook the Fox. The Boston fled and escaped to the Sheepscot. Anent this the journal of Benjamin Crowninshield of the Boston states:
May 21, 1777. Off Monhegan-plenty of mackerel & cod. Many small crafts around. At 5 P.M. came to anchor in Sheepscot River. We had several men on board who inform that the Milford has been up river. Friday, 10 A.M. Weighed anchor & came up river as far as Wishcasset Point where we anchored. Murrey came on board & some more of the principal men of the town. Saturday, July-Lay at anchor Sheeps Gut.
Sunday, July 13, 1777. Pleasant. Our Capt. with several Gentlemen went to Townsend in the Barge. Monday. Capt. returned from Towns End. Tues. The Committee of Safety came on bord to see Capt. McNeill.
Captain McNeil made his report to the Marine Committee of Con- gress in July, writing in part:
I determined to shelter myself in the first port I could make, which hap- pened to be this river, where I arrived the 10th inst. On my arrival here I found that the Milford frigate had been in about fourteen days past & that she had penetrated up as far as we are now, namely Wich Casset Point. There is scarce a day but one or two of the enemy Ships are seen off the Mouth of this river & the coasting vessels are being much distres't.
I am very much of a loss what to do. My Ships company are very much diminished by manning the Fox ... My Ship is foul, not having been cleaned since last November ... We will certainly be meeting the enemy in pairs along the coast . . . I think it prudent to stay a few days to get more
LEWIS INT
8
THE SHIPPING DAYS OF OLD BOOTHBAY
authentic information of the enemy in this quarter .. . Our best accounts report two [cruisers] between this river and Casco Bay ... For fear of acci- dent have delivered return of Prisoners into the hands of the Committee of Safety, to be forwarded to Boston.
Crowninshield's journal continues:
Thursday, July 17. Parson hope we shall away tomorrow. Sunday, 20. Most officers ashore to meeting. Tues. 22. Wind NNE. Hove up & come down river. Left our parson on shore. July 24. Came to Falmouth.
Captain McNeil's conduct in leaving the Hancock and the Fox met with neither public nor official approval, and he was removed from the service. He lost his life in a shipwreck on Damariscove, related else- where.
In August Sir George Collier in the Rainbow frigate appeared at Boothbay and captured a sloop. While attempting to take another the boat's crew was driven off by militia with the loss of two men. Mean- time the frigate's tender Spitfire made a prize of sloop Lucy near Seguin, but landed the crew.
In the summer of 1777 a mast-ship was loading at a mast-dock on the Sheepscot, the only one on the river. This had been controlled by Con- gress since 1775, when the King's men had been dispossessed. The ship was the Gruel, a captured English transport, fitted out by Congress to carry masts to France. The Rainbow ascended the river to Wiscasset and seized the Gruel and a brig. Colonel William Jones of the Lincoln County regiment demanded that the British commander restore the vessels to the owners and depart. Collier refused, but changed his mind and discreetly withdrew on learning that Colonel Jones intended to fortify Daggett's Castle, a high rocky bluff on Westport commanding the river below Wiscasset, thus exposing his ship in the narrow channel to a more or less raking fire, a certain broadside and the crew to mus- ketry from above. In September a volunteer party took possession of the Gruel, and she was restored to the commissioners of the navy. The merchant vessels got to sea safely, and exchanged their cargoes in France to good advantage for war munitions, which were received gratefully on arrival in America.
The summer of 1778 was very dry. The usual crops failed and, as the
£
9
MARITIME EVENTS DURING THE REVOLUTION
natural means of transportation-the sea-was patrolled by enemy cruisers, the colonists were reduced almost to starvation during the winter of 1778-79. This is shown clearly in a petition certified Decem- ber 30 1778 by Edward Emerson and William McCobb, selectmen, 'that Samuel Brown & John Murray, men of integrity & approved friends of the Liberties of America, etc., wanted help for poor of Booth- bay.' This was followed by another petition in April 1779 from a com- mittee composed of Andrew McFarland, Andrew, David and Joseph Reed:
To the Hon. the Gen. Court sitting at Exeter.
We the committee of Booth Bay beg that your honours would grant Mr. Samuel Piers a Permit to Bring Sum Corn out of your State to supply the poor of said Booth Bay for they are in a suffering condition for want of bread, many femalys has not had the value of one peck of corn in there houses for sum months past. Your Complyance with will greatly oblige your petitioners as well as the poor of the town.
Now and then a blockade runner escaped the enemy, an instance oc- curring in January of 1779, when Captain John Decker slipped out of the Sheepscot with his sloop laden with lumber, only to meet a fate worse than capture when his vessel was cast away on Race Point, Cape Cod, and he and most of the crew perished in the cold surf. Seven years before his father, also named John, had been lost with his vessel and crew near the same place.
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