USA > Michigan > Genesee County > History of Genesee County, Michigan, Her People, Industries and Institutions, Volume I > Part 1
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Georges Hh. Como
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GENESEE COUNTY COURT HOUSE, FLINT.
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HISTORY
OF
GENESEE COUNTY MICHIGAN
HER PEOPLE, INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS
By EDWIN O. WOOD, LL. D. President Michigan Historical Commission
With Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens and Genealogical Records of Many of the Old Families
VOLUME I
ILLUSTRATED
1916 FEDERAL PUBLISHING COMPANY Indianapolis, Indiana
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DEDICATION
This work is dedicated to two of Flint's foremost citizens, Rev. T. J. Murphy and William Crapo Durant, whose friendship, covering a period of a third of a century, has been a constant inspiration and encouragement to the editor.
The activities of these two men reach into many angles in the develop- ment and progress of Flint and Genesee county; their greatest pleasure has been to advance the best interests of the community and to bring happiness and prosperity to all of their associates.
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EDITOR'S PREFACE
The history of Genesee county is most interesting and instructive, and to hope, and to believe, that this volume may help to preserve for our gen- eration, and for generations to come, its priceless lessons, has been to the editor a source of great pleasure and satisfaction. The long occupation of our forests by the romantic, war-loving red man is prolific of traditionary lore; the comparatively recent development of our county's resources by the white settlers abounds with instruction and interest; but the records of this history, while abundant, are not easily accessible to the general reader.
From time to time, our citizens have written about the incidents of pioneer life among the white settlers who came to these lands in an early day. Each and all of these, men and women prominent in every walk of life-clergymen, teachers, physicians, attorneys, busy men and women of literary taste-have thus indirectly contributed to the present work. Books have been published on the history of the county, some of them works of high merit. One of these, of special excellence, has been largely used in this work. It was among the first to appear-the "History of Genesee County," published in 1879 by the Philadelphia firm of Everts & Abbott. On the whole, it has been found to be, as it claimed, a reliable and, for its time, exhaustive history of the county in all its phases-pioneer, agricultural, manufacturing, civil, military, educational and religious.
To make this old material more generally and pleasurable accessible, it has been here entirely rearranged and systematized, and largely rewritten. The present task has been to correct, eliminate and supplement. Portions of it have been excluded, owing to differences in historical perspective between 1879 and 1916. Many new facts relating to our early history have been added. Its chapters X to XVII contained such an excellent military record of the county, so complete and well written, and the events have still such great interest for all, that these chapters have been gathered into one and allowed to stand, with corrections and additions. All that was interesting and essential in the history of the townships has been retained and supple- mented, with special reference to the pioneer period.
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EDITOR'S PREFACE.
Another mass of material largely used in the present work is that in "The Book of the Golden Jubilee of Flint." The method has been mainly that of quotation, partly to preserve the individuality of the writers, as well as to make proper acknowledgment for each portion used.
In chapter I, much use has been made of the excellent work entitled "Michigan as a Province, Territory and State." Besides the various other histories of Michigan, such as those by Farmer, Lanman, Cooley, Mrs .* Sheldon, and special works like those of Rev. T. J. Campbell, S. J., on "Pioneer Laymen of North America" and "Pioneer Priests of North America," use has been freely made of the general sketches in other county histories.
All of chapters II and III, and portions of several other chapters, have been written by Mr. William V. Smith, of Flint, who, as secretary of the Genesee County Historical Society since its organization, and a life-long student of the Indians, particularly of this region, is an authority of emi- nence on the subjects to which he has made contributions. A large part of the material used in connection with the local history of Genesee county and the city of Flint was prepared by Mrs. Kate E. Buckham, to whom, as associate editor, especial acknowledgment is due. Invaluable information has been contributed by many of our citizens, whom to name individually would be impracticable, but to each and all of these the editor wishes to express sincere thanks.
As Byron says: "Critics all are ready made." This volume cannot expect to escape a generous fusilade of their feathered shafts. Those whose opinions are of value will at least read it with that care which the real critic vouchsafes to every book; and as they read, they will remember that the editor has sought to make, not an encyclopedia, but a record of our history whose perusal will be a pleasure, as well as a profit.
EDWIN O. WOOD.
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PUBLISHERS' FOREWORD
All life and achievement is evolution; present wisdom comes from past experience, and present commercial prosperity has come only from past exer- tion and sacrifice. The deeds and motives of the men who have gone before have been instrumental in shaping the destinies of later communities and states. The development of a new country was at once a task and a privi- lege. It required great courage, sacrifice and privation. Compare the pres- ent conditions of the people of Genesee county, Michigan, with what they were but a little less than a century ago. From a trackless wilderness and virgin land, it has come to be a center of prosperity and civilization, with millions of wealth, systems of railways, educational and religious institu- tions, varied industries and immense agricultural and dairy interests. Can any thinking person be insensible to the fascination of the study which dis- closes the aspirations and efforts of the early pioneers who so strongly laid the foundation upon which has been reared the magnificent prosperity of later days? To perpetuate the story of these people and to trace and record the social, religious, educational, political and industrial progress of the com- munity from its first inception, is the function of the local historian. A sincere purpose to preserve facts and personal memoirs that are deserving of perpetuation, and which unite the present to the past, is the motive for the present publication. The publishers desire to extend their thanks to those who have so faithfully labored to this end. Thanks are also due to the citizens of Genesee county for the uniform kindness with which they have regarded this undertaking, and for their many services rendered in the gaining of necessary information.
In placing the "History of Genesee County, Michigan," before the citi- zens, the publishers can conscientiously claim that they have carried out the plan as outlined in the prospectus. Every biographical sketch in the work has been submitted to the party interested, for correction, and therefore any error of fact, if there be any, is solely due to the person for whom the sketch was prepared. Confident that our effort to please will fully meet the appro- bation of the public, we are,
Respectfully, THE PUBLISHERS.
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CONTENTS
VOLUME I
CHAPTER I-HISTORY OF MICHIGAN 33 First White Explorers in Great Lakes Region-Samuel de Champlain- His Victories Over the Indians and Their Consequent Unrelenting Hos- tility to the Whites-The Missionary Spirit-The Franciscan Order-The Jesuits and Their Work in the Northwest-Jean Nicolet-Fr. Rene Me- nard-First Map of Michigan-First Accounts of Copper in Northern Michigan-Oldest Settlement in Michigan-Formal Possession of Mich- igan by France-Jacques Marquette-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle and His Explorations-Michilimackinac and Detroit, Rival Centers of In- fluence-M. de La Motte Cadillac-Michigan Under the British-Pontiac's Conspiracy-Siege of Detroit-End of the War and Signing of Peace Treaty-Activity in the Fur Trade-Mackinac-The Northwest Territory -Governor Arthur St. Clair-Indian Treaty of Greenville-British With- draw from Northwest-Wayne County Formed-Indiana Territory-Michi- gan Territory-War of 1812 -- Hull's Surrender-Indian Massacres and Depredations-End of the War-Governor Lewis Cass and His Success- ful Handling of the Tremendous Problems Which Confronted Him-Sur- vey of Soldier Bounty Lands-Misleading Reports as to Their Character -Treaty of Saginaw-New Surveys by Cass and Establishment of a Land Office-Steam Transportation on Land and Water-Beginning of Great Immigration from the Eastern States-Demand for Roads-Steady Ad- vance in Local and Territorial Self-government-General Cass a Firm Advo- cate of Popular Education-A Period of Rapid Growth-The "Toledo War"-Admission of Michigan into the Union and First State Officials- Detroit in 1837-Centers of Population-Pioneer Life-An Era of Specula- tion-"Wild-cat" Banks-Internal Improvements-Removal of State Capital from Detroit to Lansing-Adoption of a New Constitution-A New Regime -Civil War Days-Michigan's Splendid Military Record-Zachariah Chand- ler-Governor Henry H. Crapo-Immigration Agents-Swamp Lands-Ag- ricultural Education-Governor Crapo and the Pardoning Power-Public Aid to Railroad Enterprises-Constitutional Convention of 1867-Governor Henry P. Baldwin-Governor John J. Bagley-The Greenback Movement -- Governors Josiah W. Begole, Russell A. Alger, Cyrus W. Luce, Edwin B. Winans, John T. Rich and Hazen S. Pingree-The Spanish-American War- Governors Aaron T. Bliss, Fred M. Warner, Chase S. Osborne and Wood- bridge N. Ferris-Natural Resources of the State-Transportation-Edu- cational Advancement.
CHAPTER II-THE INDIANS OF GENESEE COUNTY. 101 Fragmentary Character of Indian History-Seldom Written Without Bias -Indian Attitude Towards White Man's Curiosity-Contradictory Writers -Character of the Red Men-Indians at the Time of the Discovery-The Story of Ay-oun-a-wa-ta-The Five Nations-Classification of the Various
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Tribes-Hochelaga-Unsanitary Conditions Among the Indians-Cham- plain-Stephen Brule-Conflict Between the Canadian French and Their In- dian Allies and the Five Nations, Aided by the Dutch and English-Disper- sal of the Eastern Tribes and Their Coming to the Michigan Country-Story of The-People-who-went-out-of-the-land-Early Maps Showing Indian Oc- cupancy-Former Possessors of Genesee County-Only One Tribal Identity, the Sacs, Preserved-The Mound Builders-Genesee County Under Huron Iroquois Occupancy-An Indian Home and Occupations-Agriculture- The Ottawas-Variant Accounts of the Occupancy of Genesee County by the Indians-The Chippewas-The Pontiac War-The Indians and the War of 1812-Romantic Traditions-The Battle of Long Lake-The Captives of the Saginaw.
CHAPTER III-INDIAN TREATIES AND RESERVATIONS 149 The Treaty of 1807-Indian Occupancy of Genesee County-Treaty of Sagi- naw-Lewis Cass, Joseph Campau and Jacob Smith-Interesting Features of the Council with the Indians-Louis Campau's Account of the Council -Pertinent Provisions of the Treaty-The Tribal Reservation-Ne-o-me -Treaties of 1837 and Subsequently-Reservations to Individuals and Later Contests Over Them.
CHAPTER IV-SETTLEMENT OF FLINT BEFORE 1837 180 Flint, an Early Prominent Center of Settlement-Governor Cass's Tour of Observation and Discovery-The Grand Traverse-Origin of the Name, "Flint"-Indian Occupation-An Ignominious Whipping-First White Set- tler at Flint-Grand Blanc, a Rival Settlement-John Todd-Early Perma- nent Settlers-Organized Government-First Officers-Early Real Estate Prices-First Village Plats-First Postoffice Established-Land Office- Road Building-Mills-Influx of Settlers-First Schools-Early Religious Interest-Social Amusements-The Professions-Flint in 1837.
CHAPTER V-PIONEER DAYS IN THE TOWNSHIPS 198
Original Area of Genesee County-Organization of the Townships-Flint Township - Land Entries - Early Neighborhood Settlements - Earliest Schools-Township Records-Stock Marks-Libraries-School Districts- Grand Blanc Township-Land Entries and First Settlers-A Pioneer's Description of His Experiences-Village of Grand Blanc-Fenton Town- ship-Settlers and Land Entries-Beginning of the Village of Fenton- Reminiscences of Dr. S. W. Pattison and William M. Fenton-Platting and Settlement of the Village-Professional Men-Linden Village-Plat- ting of-Schools and Religious Societies-Mt. Pleasant Village-First Elec- tion of Township Officers-Atlas Township-Settlement-Village of Good- rich-First Township Meeting-Flushing Township-First Settlers-Pio- neer Conditions-The "English Settlement"-Flushing Village-Mundy Township-Land Entries, First Settlement and Other Early Events-Ar- gentine Township-Settlement-Village of Booton (Argentine)-Mt. Morris Township-Pioneers-Schools and Churches-"Coldwater Settlement"- First Township Officers-Genesee Township-Settlement-First Religious Services-Timber and Saw-mills- First Township Officials-Gaines Town- ship-Settlement-First Township Meeting-Burton Township-The First Settlers-Religious Interests and Schools-First Township Meeting-Clay- ton Township-Original Natural Features-The Pioneers-The Miller,
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Lyons and Donahoo Settlements-Organization of the Township-Vienna Township-First Settlers-Organization and First Officers of the Town- ship-Early Schools and Churches-Thetford Township-The Pioneers- Early Events-Organization and First Officials-Davison Township-Settle- ment-Organization-An Early Game Law-Richfield Township-Original Area-First Settlement-Pioneer Difficulties-First Events-Village Cen- ters-First Township Officials-Forest Township-Its Name-Early Set- tlers-First Township Officials-Montrose Township-Its Name-First Of- ficials-Early Prominent Citizens-Mills-The Winter of Want.
CHAPTER VI-FIRST COUNTY COURT. 251 Various Judicial Districts in Which Genesee Has Been Placed-First County Officers-First Board of Supervisors Meeting-Tax Assessments- First Session of the Circuit Court-First Case Tried-Early Actions of the Board of Supervisors and County Commissioners.
CHAPTER VII-INDIAN TRAILS AND PUBLIC HIGHWAYS 254
A Nation's Civilization Gauged by Her Transportation Facilities-Indian Trails, the First Roads-Chief Trails in Genesee County-Beginning of Good Roads Movement-Record of Roads Laid Out by the Commissioners of Highways-Adoption of the County Good-roads System in 1909-Plank Road Companies-A Reminiscence of the Old Stage Coach-The Flint River as a Highway.
CHAPTER VIII-GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS OF SETTLEMENT 283 The Bed Rock and Glacial Drift-Original Drainage Beds-Pre-glacial Val- leys-Movements of the Glaciers-Present Peculiar Drainage System-The Shiawassee River and Its Tributaries -- Cement Industry-Salt Industry- Clay Mining-Brick Clays-Artesian Wells-Attempts to Develop Coal Mines-Altitudes-Topography and Natural Features of the Townships.
CHAPTER IX-PIONEER AGRICULTURE 307 Husbandry, the Earliest Industry of the White Settlers-Character of the Soil-Timber-Early Crops -- Early Interest in Live Stock-Wool-growing and Sheep-shearing-Cattle Breeding-The Crapo Farm-Genesee County Agricultural Society-Fair Grounds.
CHAPTER X-FLINT RIVER VILLAGE, 1837-55. 314
Progress of Flint Typical of the County's Progress-A Period of Advance- ment-Mills-Roads and Railroads-First Brick Buildings-A Hidden Ro- mance-Early Industries-The Old Brick Court House-Early Lawyers- Doctors-Village Schools-The First Newspaper-Early Religious Interests -The First Library-Ladies Library Association of Flint-The Old Flint Band.
CHAPTER XI-MEXICAN AND CIVIL WARS 334 Genesee County Men in the War of 1812-The Civil War-Governor Blair's Patriotic Message-Other Public Utterances in 1862 -- Triumphant Return of the Soldiers at the Close of the Conflict-Michigan Battle Flags Presented to the State-Historical Sketches and Rosters of the Various Commands in Which Genesee County Men Were Enlisted-"The Heroic."
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CHAPTER XII-RAILROADS 482 Earliest. Attempts at Railroad Building- First Michigan Company Incor- porated-Railroad Building Under Difficulties-First Railroad into Flint- Congressional Land Grants as Aids to Railroad Building-Later Lines Which Have Contributed to the Development of Genesee County.
CHAPTER XIII-EARLY YEARS OF FLINT CITY. 494 Incorporation-The Tax Roll of 1855-First City Officers-Regarding Some of the Early Officers-Roster of City Officials-Financial Stringency in the Early Years of the City-Elements Which Gave Impulse to the City's Growth-A Wholesome Progress Along All Lines.
CHAPTER XIV-LUMBERING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES 504 Pioneer Beginning of the Lumber Industry-A Typical Lumber Camp and Methods of Getting Out the Timber-Wonderful Development of Lumber Business During and After the War-The Crapo Mills and Others Which Followed-A Summary of the Lumber Situation-Flint's Manufacturing Development, a Normal and Legitimate Growth-Manufacturing Interests at Fenton and Flushing.
CHAPTER XV-BANKS AND BANKING 519 Michigan's First General Banking Law-"Wildcat" Banks and Unstable Currency-Low Real Estate Values-Later Splendid Results of Earlier Ex- periences-Legitimate Banking Houses in Flint and Brief Personal Mention of Some of the Men Interested in Their Success-Present Banks of Flint -Wonderful Growth in Bank Clearings-1915 a Phenomenal Year-Banks at Fenton, Otisville, Flushing, Clio, Davison, Gaines, Goodrich, Swartz Creek, Grand Blanc, Linden and Mt. Morris.
CHAPTER XVI-THE PRESS 554
The Press, a Potent Agency in the Development of a New Country-An Account of the Various Newspapers Which Have Existed and are Now Being Published in Genesee County.
CHAPTER XVII-BENCH AND BAR 551 Genesee First Attached to Oakland County for Judicial Purposes- First Practitioners Here-First Court Held in Genesee County-The First Resident Attorney-Edward H. Thomson and Others of the Early Attor- neys-Lawyers Here in 1850 -- William M. Fenton and Contemporaries- Judges of the Court-Judge Mark W. Stevens-The Genesee County Bar " Association-Present Bar of the County-Genesee Civil List-State Offi- cers from This County-Circuit Judges-State Senators-State Representa- tives-Judges of Probate-Prosecuting Attorneys-Sheriffs-County Clerks -Registers of Deeds-County Treasurers.
CHAPTER XVIII-EARLY PHYSICIANS AND MEDICAL SOCIETIES_ 569 Comparison Between Early and Present Conditions of Medical Practice -Cyrus Baldwin, the First Doctor in Genesee County-Others Who Fol- lowed-The Genesee County Medical Association-Flint Academy of Med- icine-Physicians Here During the Seventies and Eighties-Genesee County Medical Society-Present Physicians of the County.
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CHAPTER XIX-SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION 582 Early Interest in Educational Matters-Records Meager-The Little School in Flint River in 1834-Gradual, but Steady, Development of the Flint School System-School Districts-Superintendents of the City Schools -. Parochial Schools-Officers and Teachers of the Flint Schools, 1916-Miss Hicok's School-State School for the Deaf-Schools at Fenton-Other Schools and Educational Institutions-Flint-Bliss Business College-Hur- ley Hospital Training School for Nurses-County Normal School.
CHAPTER XX-BOOKS AND LIBRARIES. 601 High Intellectuality of Early Settlers of Genesee County-Books in De- mand-List of Library Books, 1843-Flint Scientific Institute-Ladies' Li- brary Association-Free Public Library-The Present Library-Burton Ladies' Library.
CHAPTER XXI-RES LITERARIA 614 Genesee County's Contributions to the World of Letters-"The Aeolian Harp"-"Evening Prayer"-"Taps"-"A California Flower Calendar"-A Thanksgiving Poem.
CHAPTER XXII-SOCIAL LIFE. 626 Some Interesting Reminiscences of Social Customs and Events of the Pio- neer Days in Genesee County-Forms of Amusement-A Pioneer Menu- A Change in Customs-Indian Callers on New Year's Day-The Old Har- monia Club-The Fuguenoids and the Flint Choral Society-Bands-Gen- esee County Pioneer Association and Its Eearly Reunions and Picnics- County Historical Society-A Poetic Tribute to the Brave Men and Women of Pioneer Days.
CHAPTER XXIII-CLUBS OF TODAY 649 The Club, a Natural Growth in Organized Society-American History Class-The Art Class-Mrs. Fobe's Reading Class-The Shakespeare Club -The Bangs Shakespeare Club-Columbian Club-The Twentieth Century Club-The Garland Street Literary Club-The Research Club-St. Cecelia Society-The Choral Union-The Flint Dramatic Club-The Rotary Club- Flint Golf Club-Woman's Council.
CHAPTER XXIV-FRATERNAL AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES 661 Independent Order of Odd Fellows-Daughters of Rebekah-Masonic Or- der, with Appendant Orders-Order of the Eastern Star-Royal Arcanum -Knights of the Maccabees-Knights of the Maccabees of the World- Degree of Honor-Grand Army of the Republic-National League of Vet- erans and Sons-Woman's Relief Corps-Daughters of the American Revo- lution-Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks-Knights of the Loyal Guard-Knights and Ladies of Security-Knights of Pythias-Tribe of Ben-Hur-Independent Order of Foresters-Modern Brotherhood of Amer- ica-Home Mutual Benefit Association-Ladies' Catholic Benevolent As- sociation-Knights of Columbus-Fraternal Order of Eagles-Modern Woodmen of America-Ancient Order of Hibernians-Brotherhood of American Yeomen-Royal Neighbors of America-National Union-Loyal Order of Moose-The Vehicle Club-Young Men's Christian Association- Young Women's Christian Association-The King's Daughters-The Child's Welfare Society-St. Michael's Benevolent Society-St. Paul's
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Men's Club-Trades Unions-Flint Factories Mutual Benefit Association -Lodges at Fenton, Linden, Flushing, Clio, Otisville, Montrose, Swartz Creek and Davison.
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