USA > Michigan > Men of progress : embracing biographical sketches of representative Michigan men with an outline history of the state > Part 1
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Gc 977.4 M52 1412812
M. L
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00860 2200
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center
https://archive.org/details/menofprogressemb00even
MEN OF PROGRESS:"
EMBRACING
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
OF
REPRESENTATIVE MICHIGAN MEN
WITH
AN OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE
DEDICATED TO THE NEWSPAPER PRESS OF MICHIGAN
DETROIT, MICH .: PUBLISHED BY THE EVENING NEWS ASSOCIATION
1900
COPYRIGHT, 1900, BY THE EVENING NEWS ASSOCIATION.
Press of JOHN F. EBY & Co .. 65-69 Congress St. W., Detroit, Mich.
1412812
PUBLISHER'S PREFACE.
M EN OF PROGRESS is a legitimate fruit of the law of evolution. Modern journalism takes note of events in the history of persons as well as of peoples. When any noteworthy event in the life of a person of prominence in the social or business world occurs, the newspaper press regards it as within the line of its duty to publish a brief sketch of the person, in many cases giving, also, an etching or miniature likeness. When a person pays the last debt of nature, these publications are a source of information to the public, as well as of a satisfaction to friends, and may, in many cases, be valuable as matter of record in cases involving the rights of living persons.
The difficulty of procuring information of the character indicated, just at the time when it is wanted, suggested to those connected with publications of The Evening News Association the desirability of the preparation, arrange- ment and publication of sketches in the form embodied in this work. Pri- marily, therefore, the work is designed for the convenience of the newspaper press of the State, and hence is, as first stated, a legitimate fruit of the law of evolution.
Only a limited number of copies of the work are published. Aside from copies supplied to those directly represented in the work, copies will be placed in the leading libraries and leading newspaper offices of the State, and here its circulation will end.
THE EVENING NEWS ASSOCIATION.
INDEX TO HISTORICAL SKETCHES.
THE CIVIL COMMONWEALTH.
POSITION AND EARLY HISTORY.
Geography and Topography-First European Visitations-A French Dependency-Early Explora- tions - Roman Catholic Missions - First Permanent Settlement - Territorial Sovereignty -- Part of the State of Virginia-Claims of Massachusetts and Connecticut-General George Rogers Clarke-The Western Reserve-Civil Jurisdiction of the United States
TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT.
The Ordinance of 1787-The Governor and Judges-A Landed Qualification-A Legislative Coun- cil Provided for-The Territory to Be Formed Into States-First Seat of Government-The Five States of the Northwest-Michigan as a Separate Territory-Large Grants of Land to Revolutionary Heroes-Comparative Influence of Cities-The Landed Qualification Abrogated
3-4
ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT.
The Right to Statehood-Adoption of the Constitution and Election of State Officers-Meeting of the Legislature-Election of United States Senators-The Disputed Boundary-Objections to the Admission of the State-Judge Campbell's View of the Case, and Other Authorities- Terms Proposed by Congress-Military Demonstrations-A New Territorial Governor Ap- pointed-The Slavery Question a Factor-Two Conventions of Assent-Final Admission of the State-Calendar of Events Leading Up to Statehood-Seat of Government and State Capitol
5-8
CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY HISTORY.
First Constitution and Statutes Similar to Those of New York - Method of Choosing State Officers and Judges-Time of Elections-Process of Amendment-Senators and Representa- tives, How Chosen-Salaries-Constitution of 1850-Legislative in Its Character-Variances from the First Constitution-The More Important Amendments-Constitutional Convention of 1867 and Constitutional Commission of 1873-The Work of Both Rejected by the People -- Subsequent Votes on the Question of Ordering a General Convention-Legislative Authority Under the Territory-Compilations of the Statutes in 1822 and 1833-Revised Statutes of 1838 and 1846-Compilations of 1857 and 1871-The Howell Compilation-The Miller Com- pilation-Reprint of Territorial Laws.
8-12
THE JUDICIARY.
Judges and Courts Under the Territorial Government and Under the First Constitution-Asso- ciate Judges in the Counties-Increase in the Number of Circuits-County Courts-The Supreme Court-When Provided for and Organized-Provision for a Fifth Judge-Circuit Court Commissioners and Masters in Chancery 12-13
THE MILITARY RECORD.
COLONIAL AND INDIAN WARS.
First Conflict on Michigan Soil-One Thousand Indians Slain-Decisive Campaigns Elsewhere-
Conspiracy of Pontiac-Battle of Bloody Bridge-Massacre at Mackinac. 14-15
THE WAR OF 1812.
Indian Discontent-Tecumseh and His Brother, "The Prophet"-The Hull Surrender-Massacre at the River Raisin-Perry's Victory on Lake Erie-Battle of the Thames and Death of Tecumseh-British Occupancy of Detroit-A British Provisional Government-Joint Procla- mation by General Harrison and Commodore Perry-Capture of Mackinac Island by the British 15-17
1-3
viii
INDEX TO HISTORICAL SKETCHES.
THE SHADOW OF TWO WARS.
The Toledo War-A Bloodless Campaign-The Patriot War-Canadian Refugees in Detroit- Local Sentiment in Sympathy With Them-Efforts of State and Government Officials to Maintain Neutrality-Invasion of Canada at Windsor-Its Disastrous Failure-Participants Hanged and Transported-John H. Harmon-Dr. E. A. Theller. 17-18
THE WAR WITH MEXICO.
Causes Leading to the War-The Annexation of Texas-Michigan Troops in the War-General Taylor-General Scott-Alleged Political Scheming 18-19
THE GREAT CIVIL WAR.
First Steps Taken in Michigan-First Troops Raised - Succesive Calls for Troops - Ready Re- sponse on the Part of the State-Enlistments, Drafts and Commutations-Whole Number of Troops Sent to the Front From Michigan-Table of Enlistments by Counties-Bounty Jump- ers-"We are Coming, Father Abraham"-Southern Refugees in Canada-C. L. Vallandig- ham-Capture of the Philo Parsons-Bennet G. Burley-"Michigan in the War"-A Brief Summary-Tabular Exhibit of Michigan Regiments in the War-The Artillery Service-Col. C. O. Loomis-Grand Army of the Republic. 19-25
THE WAR WITH SPAIN.
War Loan Authorized-Mobilization of the National Guard-Regiments Mustered In-Summary of Their Service-Gen. Henry M. Duffield-Col. Cornelius Gardener-The Naval Reserves. . .. 25-26
THE STATE MILITARY.
Early Laws on the Subject-General Trainings-Derivation of the Custom-Fell Into Disfavor- Independent Volunteer Companies-Absence of Military Spirit-A Marked Revival Preceding the Civil War-A Demand for Legislation Favorable to the Military-Revision of the Militia Laws-The State Troops-Re-organization After the War-Encampment-Home Service of the State Troops-Michigan National Guard-The Naval Militia-General John E. Schwarz and General John Robertson 26-29
EDUCATIONAL.
EARLY AND CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES.
The Ordinance of 1787-Land Grants by Congress-Provisions of the State Constitution-First Superintendent of Public Instruction-A Comprehensive System Outlined. 30-31
THE STATE UNIVERSITY.
Act of Congress, 1804-Judge Woodward's Pedantic Scheme-Second Act of Establishment, 1821- Branches-Local Academies-The Branches Abandoned. 31-32
THE UNIVERSITY UNDER STATE CONTROL.
Organic Act of 1837-Located at Ann Arbor-Proposed Separate Departments for Females-State Loan for Building Purposes-First Opened in 1842-The First Professorships-Financial Embarrassment-Elements of Hostility-First Graduating Class-Dismissal of Members of the Faculty-Professor Ten Brook's Work 32-34
THE UNIVERSITY UNDER THE NEW REGIME.
First Elective Board of Regents-President Tappan-A Feeling of Unfriendliness Toward Him- Tempest Over the Term "Chancellor"-Other Carping Allegations-Fruits of Dr. Tappan's Work-The Astronomical Observatory-The Law Department-Remission of the University Loan-Dr. Angell's Tribute-Removal of Dr. Tappan-President E. O. Haven-Acting Presi- dent Henry S. Frieze. 34-36
THE UNIVERSITY UNDER PRESIDENT ANGELL.
Appointment of Dr. Angell-His Diplomatic Service-Acting President Hutchins-Incidents in the History of the University-Admission of Women-Introduction of New Schools and Ex- tension of Courses-The Semi-Centennial and the Quarter Centennial of President Angell's Administration-A Comparative Summary-A Metrical Prophecy-Homeopathic Medical College-Annual Revenues-List of Acts Relating to the University 36-38
ix
INDEX TO HISTORICAL SKETCHES. .
OTHER STATE COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS.
The Agricultural College-The Normal Schools-College of Mines-Schools for Deaf Mutes and the Blind-Educational and Reformatory Institutions. 39-40
THE PRIMARY AND HIGH SCHOOLS.
Views of the First Superintendent-Views of Governor Mason-Development of the High School -Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor-Teaching of Foreign and Classical Languages in the Schools- Changes in the School Laws-Comparative School Statistics-Former Superintendents. 41-43
THE TRUST FUNDS.
Origin of the Trust Funds-First Loaned to Private and Local Interests-Absorbed Into the State Treasury-Constitutional Provision-Tabular Exhibits-Are the Trust Funds a Debt? 43-45
RELIGIOUS TEACHING IN STATE SCHOOLS.
Early Sentiment on the Subject-The Historical Ordinance-Condition of an Early Land Pur- chase-As Related to the Primary Schools-As Related to the University-Views of Presi- dent Angell, Professor Frieze and President Tappan-The Select Bible Readings. 45-49
MATERIAL INTERESTS.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS BY THE STATE.
Fanciful Schemes of the Earlier Days-Prophetic of What Is Now Seen-Work Projected-The Five Million Loan-Views of Governor Barry-Sale of the Railroads-Abandonment of the System 49-50
BANKING AND CURRENCY.
First Effort at Banking-Chartered Banks-General Banking Law of 1837, or "Wild Cat" Banks -Collapse of the System-Scarcity of Bank Currency-Canadian, Indiana and Illinois Notes -General Banking Law of 1857-State Banks of Issue Superseded by National Currency- Shinplasters and State Scrip-Savings Banks, State Banks and National Banks-Tabular Exhibits 50-52
RAILROADS.
First Railway in New York-Western New York Immigrants and Nomenclature-First Railway Charter in Michigan-"Success to the Railroad"-The Trunk Lines-Sale of the Roads by the State-Wonderful Development of the Railway System-Methods in Early Construction -Land Grants in Aid of Railways-Local Aid to Railways-Railway Statistics. 52-56
GOVERNMENT LAND GRANTS.
The University Lands-Primary School Lands-Agricultural College Lands-Salt Spring Lands- Sault Ste. Marie Canal Lands-Swamp Lands-Railway Land Grants. 57-60
MINERAL RESOURCES.
Early Discovery of Copper-Later Explorations-Discovery of Iron Ore-Geological Survey-Dr. Douglass Houghton-Work on the Survey by Others-Copper and Copper Mining-Statistics of Copper Production-Ancient Mine Work-Iron and Iron Mining-Iron Ore Shipments- Saline Interests-Gold and Silver-Other Mineral Products. 60-65
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS.
ROMAN CATHOLIC.
St. Anne's Church and Father Del Halle-Father Gabriel Richard-Diocesian Data-Statistics of Church in Michigan. 66-67
X
INDEX TO HISTORICAL SKETCITES.
PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS.
Rev. David Bacon-Early Methodist Missions-Dr. Nathan Bangs-Ministration of Father Rich- ard-First Protestant Societies-A Couple of Anecdotes. 67-69
CHURCH DOCTRINE AND POLITY.
Methodist Episcopal - Baptist - Congregational - Presbyterian - Protestant Episcopal-Church Statistics
69-71
MISCELLANEOUS.
POLITICAL PARTIES.
Derivation of Party Names-Early State Politics-Governor Mason-Woodbridge and Reform- Succeeding Democratic Rule-Governor Barry-Anti-Slavery Parties-The Van Buren Candi- dacy of 1848-Disastrous Whig Defeat in 1852-The Know-Nothings-Ex-President Fillmore -Bell and Everett-Formation of the Republican Party-Mergence of the Whig Organization -The "Silver Greys"-Anti-Chandler Campaign in 1862-The Prohibitionists-The Greeley Campaign of 1872-Ex-Governor Blair-The Liquor Traffic in the Campaign of 1874-The Greenback and other Third Parties-Democratic-People's-Union-Silver Combination - Politi- cal Fusions Not a Success 72-77
THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC.
Historical Reference-Local Option Laws-Prohibition Laws-Non-license Clause of the Consti- tution of 1850-The Taxation Law of 1875-Rate of the Tax Under Different Acts. 77-79
TABULAR EXHIBITS.
State Institutions-Population-Equalized Valuation-State Taxes-Comparative Farm Statistics -Farm Products at Different Periods. 79-80
INDEX TO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Page.
Page.
Ainsworth, Corydon E
269
Brown, Elbridge G.
232
Aitken, David D
214
Brown, Michael 461
Allen, Charles T.
393
Buck, Homer E. 463
Allen, Ethel M.
312
Buckley, Edward. 457
Alvord, Austin W.
338
Buhl, Theo. DeL 516
Alward, Dennis E.
351
Burrows, Julius C. 383
Anker, Samuel 340
Burt, Wellington R. 362
Aplin, Henry H.
459
Burtless, Wm. E 319
Austin, Charles
308
Bush, Matthew 192
Austin, Edward.
347
Bush, Sumner O 452
Avery, Aaron B.
105
Bush, Willard K.
84
Baart, Peter A
431
Cahill, Edward. 85
Baird, Robert B.
109
Callaghan, Miles M
445
Bacon, Augustus E. 137
Campbell, Andrew 145
Baldwin, Augustus C. 110
Campbell, Henry D.
434
Baldwin, Frank D 456
Campbell, Milo D. 125
Ball, Daniel H. 378
Canfield, Charles J. 466
Ball, William 350
Carey, Henry W. 440
Bandholtz, Harry H.
446
Carhartt, Hamilton 526
Barber, Julius S.
356
Carlson, Conrad
213
Barre, Corvis M.
196
Carroll, Thomas F
261
Bawden, Frederic J
303
Cartier, Antoine E.
430
Baxter, Charles E.
517
Carton, John J
257
Beamer, Wm. H.
519
Case, Claude W
260
Beck, George.
524
Case, Fred. H.
114
Beekman, Wm. M.
156
Caswell, Jabez B
140
Begole, Charles M.
305
Chaddock, John B
211
Begole, Fred. H.
162
Chamberlain, Geo. L.
481
Belknap, Charles E.
286
Chamberlain, Henry
322
Bell, George M.
355
Chamberlain, Wm
405
Bellaire, John I.
160
Chandler, William
407
Bement, Arthur O
126
Chase, Charles H.
455
Bement, George W
228
Chase, Henry E.
122
Bennett, Albert D.
97
Christian, Thomas H.
320
Bennett, Ebenezer O
335
Churchill, Worthy L
367
Bible, John F
189
Clarage, Charles. 229
Bird, Arthur C
149
Clark, Frederick O 352
Clarke, Francis D. 200
87
Blacker, Robert R.
477
Cole, Thomas F.
262
Blakeslee, Edwin A
115
Colgrove, Philip T
295
Bliss, Aaron T 503
Colman, Hutson B.
318
Bonine, Fred. M.
497
Connine, Main J 153
Boudeman, Dallas
443
Corliss, John B 249
Boutell, Benj. . 527
Corns, Henry C. 523
Boynton, Charles L. 98
Coutant, Arthur S 255
Boynton, Nathan S.
108
Covell, George G. 244
Braastad, Frederick.
326
Coye, James A 280
Breitung, Edward N. 165
Cox, James N. 90
Brewer, Mark S
376
Cox, Joseph L. 134
Brewster, Charles E
138
Crawford, Hugh A 297
Briggs, Charles. 230
Crosby, Will A 504
Brown, Addison M. 243 Crouter, George W. 473
Birkett, Thomas. 426
Bishop, Roswell P
462
Clarke, Wm. R.
xii
INDEX TO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHIES.
Page.
Page.
Croze, Joseph.
231
Gerow, Arthur M.
154
Crump, Rousseau O.
304
Giddings, J. Wight.
388
Cruse, Alfred.
346
Gilkey, Patrick H. 375
Cuddihy, John D
333
Glasgow, Silas W 450
Curry, Solomon S
359
Glavin, John M.
399
Curtis, Miles S.
191
Godfrey, Marshal H
491
Cutler, Fred., Jr.
349
Godsmark, Alfred J. 188
Graham, Robert D.
143
Daley, William J.
334
Danaher, Cornelius D.
263
Danaher, Michael B.
471
Darragh, Archibald B.
500
Davis, George B.
123
Grove, Wm. E.
86
Davison, Mathew
302
Grosvenor, Elliot O 120
Grosvenor, E. O.
241
Dempsey, James. 429
366
Hackley, Charles H. 437
Hall, Albert J
343
Dodds, Francis H.
309
Hall, De Vere. 195
159
Dodge, Frank L.
323
Hanchette, Charles D
176
Doherty, Alfred J
404
Handy, Shernian T.
345
Donovan, John
403
Hannah, Perry
425
Dougherty, Andrew B
507
Hanson, Rasmus.
438
Doyle, James E
300
Harison. Beverly D
397
Duff, William J
400
Harris, Samuel B.
253
Duncan, Murray M.
251
Hart, George A.
422
Durand, George H. 289
Hart, Rodney G.
275
Durant, William C 525
Hartz, John C.
514
Harvey, Harrie T
483
Earle, Horatio S.
398
Hatch, Reuben
358
Edwards, Wm. M.
186
Hawkins, Victor.
279
Eis, Frederick ..
371
Hazeltine, Chas. S
268
Ellis, Adolphus A.
218
Hebard, Charles
161
Eslow, James C.
394
Heck, George R.
209
Eveleth, Erwin
204
Hemans, Lawton T
402
Hill, George R
157
Hill, Joshua.
129
Hills, Charles T.
432
Fedewa, John H.
194
Ferry, Dexter M.
520
Fifield, Henry O.
207
Filer, E. Golden
475
Fisher, Spencer O
377
Fisher, Walter J.
271
Hopkins, Mark
330
Fiske, Lewis R.
258
Hosking, Wm. H
93
Fitz Gerald, John C
389
Hotchkiss, Edgar H.
180
Fitzgerald, John W.
272
Hovey, Horatio N.
496
Flood, James K.
474
Howard, William G.
236
Flowers, Charles
518
Hoyt, Hiram J
465
Forsyth, Alexander.
490
Forsyth, Richard S
96
Forsythe, Lee K.
451
Freeman, George W 166
139
Fuller, Otis.
183
Janes, Oscar A 506
Jewell, Harry D.
298
Gaige, Joseph M.
288
Jochim, John W 163
Gale, Charles W.
254
Joslyn, Charles D. 492
Gardener, Cornelius.
155
Joslyn, Lee E. 512
Garfield, Charles W
235 Judd, George E. 237
187
Holbrook, John.
150
Holmes, William
264
Hooker, Frank A
135
Hubbell, Jay A
354
Hume, Thomas
436
Hummer, George P 476
Humphrey, Chas. M. 203
Frost, George E
Graham, Rodney S.
273
Grant, Claudius B.
124
Green, Edward H.
410
Griswold, Norris O. 234
Dee. James R
175
Diekema, Gerrit J.
Dingley, Edward N
216
Dodds, Peter F.
387
Hambitzer, Joseph F
Everard, Herbert H. 395
Hinman, Edward C.
xiii
INDEX TO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Page.
Page.
Kaufman, Nathan M. 468
Morris, Edmund C 408
Keliher, Peter C 324
Morse, Allen B. 227
Kidwell, Edgar. 172
Morse, Grant M. 142
Mulvey, John 174
Munroe, Thomas. 454
Murphy, Alfred J. 522
Musselman, Amos S. 386
Lane, M. Henry 484
Lang. Archibald B. 270
Langell, John D. 158
Langlois, Theo. . I 266
Larke, Fredk. D
413
Latta, Frank H. 348
327
Lee, Fred. E.
281
Leisen, Jacob.
325
Lillie, Walter I 418
Little, Andrew J.
511
Oakman, Robert. 510
O'Brien, Michael. 121
O'Brien, Thomas J 247
Long, Charles D. 116
Long, James W. 384
Long, Oscar R. 285
Longyear, John M. 168
Loomis, Arthur P.
144
Loranger, Ubald R
414
Lothrop, Henry B 515
Loud, George A. 167
Loud, Henry M
307
Luce, Cyrus G. 284
Lyon, Frank A 259
McCall, Lyman H. 424
McClintock, Gilman J. 222
McCurdy. Hugh 239
McDonell, Archibald. 433
McKnight, Wm. F 406
Mclaughlin, James C. 495
McMillan, James 391
316
Mackenzie, Fred'k
321
Magee, Michael J
148
Main, John T
357
Pierce, Charles S 151
Pingree, Hazen S
225
Mann, Alexander V
449
Marr, Charles H.
104
Marshall, Joseph. 416
Marvin, Henry M. 486
Mason, Richard 379
Merriman, George W 441
Michelson, Nels
409
Mills, Alfred J 88
Miner. John. 489
Mitchell, Samuel. 341
470
Montgomery, Robert M.
117
Moore, Franklin. 118
Moore, George Wm. (Detroit) . 528
Moore, George Wm. (Port Huron) 113
Moore, Joseph B. 119
Morgans, Wm. H.
385
Morrill, Roland. 373
Quick, Martin H 252
Quirk, Daniel L
101
Ramsdell, Jonathan G. 427
Rankin, Francis H. 296
Rathbone, Alfred D. 248
Ranney, Frederick E 287
Reed, George 447
Reid. Edwy C. 311
Robinson, Orrin W 99
Rogers, J. Sumner. 83
Roos, Elbert S.
417
Osborn, Chase S. 131
Osborn, James W 415
Padgham, Philip 250
Palmer, Ambrose E. 419
Parker, G. Whitbeck. 329
Parsons, James M. 91
Pealer, Russel R. 208
Peavey, Frank A 442
Pelton, David C. 141
Penberthy, Frank 181
Perry, George R. 185
Person, Rollin H. 224
Peterman, John P 276
Peters, Richard G.
464
Pettyjohn, Elmore S
306
Phelan, James
513
Maltz, George L. 132
Potter, William W 130
Preston, Wm. P 360
Prince, William I 199
Pringle, Eugene. 315
Newkirk, Charles T 439
Nims, Frederick A 498
Newnham, Richard L 177
Newton, William. 292
Nichols, Alva W. 372
Lawton, Charles DeW.
Norris, Mark 226
North, George S. 171
Noud, Patrick. 448
Lockerby, Wm. H
339
Loennecker, Martin G. 282
Olds, Ransom E 94
Oren, Horace M. 147
Orr, Brakie J. 460
Orr, George H. 233
Orr, George W. 197
MacNaughton, James
Mitchell, Wm. H. C.
Kollen, Gerrit J. 480
Knappen, Loyal E. 374
xiv
INDEX TO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHIES.
Page.
Page.
Rose, Henry M.
364
Thomas, Charles E 336
Rowley, Louis E
502
Thompson, James R 201
Ruppe, Peter.
182
Thompson, Wm. B. 299
Russell, James
380
Townsend, Emory 420
Trueman, George A 164
Tupper, Horace 428
Tyrrell. John E.
219
Salling, Ernest N
412
Salsbury, Lant K 223
411
Van Orden, Mathew C.
95
Saviers, Lemuel.
501
Sawyer, Eugene T.
458
Sawyer, Walter H.
198
Sayre, Ira T.
127
Scallon, Joseph E
337
Scott, Archibald J
392
Scott, Robert D.
100
Wade, Charles F 435
Wagar, Edgar S.
128
Wager, H. R 184
Wait, Frank W 423
Warner, Fred. M. 283
Sharpc, Nelson 421
Warren, Henry M.
245
Shearer, G. Henry
444
Watson, Thomas.
10€
Shelden, Carlos D
277
Wayne, Duncan A
217
Shepherd. Frank
146
Wcadock, George W
368
Shields, Robert H.
382
Sibbald, John A.
314
Weadock, Thos. A. E.
508
Simonson, Albert B
344
Webb, Robert B.
353
Sligh, Charles R.
274
Webster, William 290
102
Smith, John M. C.
396
Weier, August J
210
Smith, Robert.
488
Wells, Franklin
294
Smith, Samuel W
112
Wesselius, Sybrant.
361
Smith, Thomas R. 111
Weter, James E.
215
Smith, Wm. Alden
363
Whaley, Robert J
221
Soper, Daniel E.
482
Whecler, A. Oren
242
Soper, Julius M. 205
White, William H.
479
Spaulding, Oliver L 301
Whiting, Justin R.
332
Spies, August.
478
Whiting, Stephen B.
202
Stanton, Frank McM.
265
Willard, George
246
Starr, John V
212
Williams. Fitch R.
487
Stearns, Justus S. 133
Williams, Gershom M.
313
Stephenson, And. C. 238
Willits, Warren J.
206
Stevens, Herman W
107
Wilson, Charles L.
370
Stevens, Mark W.
472
Wilson, Mathew
505
Stevenson, Elliott G.
521
Wilson, Wm. D
103
Stewart, Frank M.
256
Winans, George G 317
381
Stewart, Hugh P
493
Wolcott, Frank T
453
Stewart, Nathaniel H.
178
Wood, Edwin O
293
Stewart, Wm. F
240
Wood, Lucien E 499
Stone, George W 152
Woodworth, Fred. D
331
Stone, John W
170
Wright, Ammi W.
89
Stuart, Wm. J.
190
Wright, Cass T. 179
Sundstrom, Chas. F
169
Wright, Hamilton M.
365
Sutherland, Wm. 390
Terriff, William W 328
Yaple, George L
310
Thielman, Wm. H. 342
Youngquist, Otis E. 467
Van Riper, Jacob J. 401
Van Zile, Philip T. 494
Vaughan, Coleman C. 291
Vivian, Johnson
173
Scully. James
92
Seager, James H.
220
Searl. Kelly S
469
Shank, Rush J
267
Weadock, John C.
369
Smith, Clement M.
278
Wecks, Edgar
Van Kleeck, James. 485
Savidge, William
193
St. John, J. Edgar
136
Ryan, Edward.
Stewart, G. Duff
509
Winsor, Lou B.
MEN OF PROGRESS
HISTORICAL SKETCHES
BY S. B. MCCRACKEN.
THE CIVIL COMMONWEALTH.
POSITION AND EARLY HISTORY.
Geography and Topography-First European Visi- tations-A French Dependency-Early Explora- tions-Roman Catholic Missions-First Perma- nent Settlement-Territorial Sovereignty-Part of the State of Virginia-Claims of Massachusetts and Connecticut-General George Rogers Clarke -The Western Reserve-Civil Jurisdiction of the United States.
The State of Michigan oeeupies a position approximating the eenter of the North Ameri- can continent, and is embraced between the parallels 41° 45' and 48° 20' north latitude, and the meridians of 82° 25' and 90° 34' of longitude west from Greenwich. The eenter of the State is marked by the position of Carp Lake, in Leelanaw County, which is 670 miles in a straight line from the city of New York. The land area of the State consists of two natural divisions, known as the Upper and Lower Peninsulas, and adjacent islands. The Upper Peninsula has its greatest extent from east to west, and the Lower its greatest extent from north to south. The following exhibits the length and breadth in miles, and the number of square miles, and number of acres, in each peninsula:
DIVISIONS.
Length.
Breadth. Sq. Miles.
Acres.
Upper Lower
318.104 277.009
164.286 259.056
22.580 33,871
14,451.456 21,677,184
The total length of the lake-shore line is 1,620 miles, embraeing, or enelosing the en- tire Lower Peninsula with the exception of less than 200 miles on its southern boundary, and the entire of the Upper Peninsula except its western boundary. To this should be added the numerous bays and rivers available for floatage and navigation, connecting with the larger waters. The State also has within its bounds, but unconnected with the great
lakes, over 5,000 smaller lakes, having an area of 712,864 aeres.
The history of Michigan is essentially modern. As compared with many countries having a written history, it is as but of yester- day. The earliest European visitations are placed at about the middle of the seventeenth century, up to which time its only inhabitants were the aborigines, of which the Chippewas or Ojibuays, the Hurons or Wyandots, and the Ottawas, were among the principal tribes. The territory now comprising the State of Michigan was a French dependency, forming a part of what was originally known as New France, the seat of government of which was at Quebec. In 1669 or 1670 explorations were undertaken under authority of the French viceroy or intendant, with which the names of De St. Lusson and La Salle are eon- neeted. These explorations were chiefly eon- fined to the great waterways, extending as far as Lake Superior, and from thenee by La Salle down the Mississippi River. To aid in his work, La Salle, in 1679, built a small vessel of sixty tons burthen, which he named the Griffin, with which he made the tour of the upper lakes, the first vessel, more preten- tious than the Indian eanoe, that ever sailed those waters. The official explorations were preceded by some years by the Jesuit mission- aries, who were also contemporaneous with them. Among the names prominently ap- pearing in this connection are those of Mes- nard, Allouez, Hennepin, and Marquette. There are intimations. not fully verified, of visits by the French navigator, Champlain, to the lake region, as early as 1612.
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