USA > Michigan > Berrien County > Berrien County, Michigan, rural directory, 1917 > Part 36
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
of hot water, and dilute with about six gallons of cold water. This is a good application for aphis (lice) on trees or plants. For oyster-shell or scurvy scale use this spray in May or June or when the tiny scale lice are moving about on the bark.
TOBACCO TEA .- Place five pounds of tobacco stems in a water-tight vessel, and cover them with three gallons of hot water. Allow to stand several hours; dilute the liquor by adding about seven gallons of water. Strain and ap- ply. Good for lice.
> LIME-SULPHUR MIXTURE. - Slake twenty-two pounds of fresh lump lime in the vessel in which the mixture is to be boiled, using only enough water to cover the lime. Add seventeen pounds of sulphur (flowers or powdered), hav- ing previously mixed it in a paste with water. Then boil the mixture for about an hour in about ten gallons of water, using an iron but not a copper vessel. Next add enough more water to make, in all, fifty gallons. Strain through wire sieve or netting, and apply while mixture is still warm. A good, high- pressure pump is essential to satisfac- tory work. Coat every particle of the tree. This is the standard San Jose scale remedy, although some orchardists prefer to use the soluble oil sprays now on the market.
PYRETHRUM, OR PERSIAN INSECT POW- DER .- It may be dusted on with a pow- der bellows when the plants are wet; or one ounce of it may be steeped in one gallon of hot water, and sprayed on the plants at any time. It is often used on flowers, in greenhouses, on vegeta- bles, etc.
BISULPHIDE OF CARBON .- This is used to kill weevils in beans and peas, etc. It comes in liquid form and may be had 01 druggists. When exposed to the air it quickly vaporizes into a poisonous and explosive gas which is heavier than air and which will destroy all insect life. (Caution .- Do not inhale the vapor, and allow no lights near.)
Tobacco stems, tobacco dust, kainit, soot, freshly-slaked lime, dust, etc., are often used as insect preventives-in the soil around plants to keep away grubs, worms and maggots, or dusted on to discourage the visits of cucumber bugs, etc. (Note .- The first four are excel lent fertilizers as well as insect pre- ventives.)
Crows and blackbirds frequently pull up planted corn. The best preventive is to tar the seed, as follows: Put the seed into a pail and pour on enough warm water to cover it. Add a tea- spoonful of coal-tar to a peck, and stir well. Throw the seed out on a sieve or in a basket to drain, and then stir in a few handfuls of land plaster (gyp- sum), or air-slaked lime.
A NEW FUNGICIDE .- Some orchard- ists are now using the following self- boiled lime-sulphur spray, instead of Bordeaux, claiming that it is less liable to spot or burn fruit and foliage: Put eight pounds of unslaked lump lime in a barrel; add enough water to cover. When the lime begins to heat, throw in eight pounds of flowers of sulphur. Constantly stir and gradually pour on more water until the lime is all slaked; then add the rest of the water to cool the mixture. About fifty gallons of water, in all, are required. Strain. Two pounds of arsenate of lead may be added, if desired, to the finished mixture, which then becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide, and may be used in the same manner as advised for Bordeaux-arsenate of lead. (Special note .- The self-boiled mixture is not the same as the lime-sulphur advised for San Jose scale, which is too strong for trees in foliage.)
If you do not care to bother with making spraying mixtures at home, they can be purchased, already prepared, of seedsmen. For only a few trees or plants, the extra cost of these factory mixtures is not great.
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BERRIEN COUNTY
"The Racket Store" J. C. REHM, Prop.
Notions
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Glassware
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Furnishings
Confectionery
BUCHANAN
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MICHIGAN
HAMILTON STUDIOS Portraits-Commercial Work Kodak Finishing and Supplies Framing Address COLOMA, MICHIGAN (Next to Coloma Theatre)
PAW PAW LAKE
(Strong's Landing)
The Very Choicest and Freshest Fruits, Nuts and Candies always. That's the only kind we have. Stop in on your way to or from the movies. CASCARELLI BROS. AT ENTRANCE TO PRINCESS THEATRE BUCHANAN MICHIGAN
JOS. A. LITOWICH Sale and Draft, Driving, Farm and General Purpose
Exchange Stables HORSES and MULES
One Block East of Fair Avenue, on Territorial Street
Telephone 304 BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY
Horse Ailments (From the Biggle Horse Book)
The majority of horse ailments may be traced, directly or indirectly, to im- proper feeding and watering, careless management in the stable and in harness. A careless driver is a very frequent cause of loss.
There is no reason why a first-class team, six to eight years old, should not serve continuously and satisfactorily for a term of twelve to sixteen years, if properly protected, fed and looked out for.
If, from improper care or feeding, or from some unavoidable cause, your horse is out of condition, you should dose him with little medicine and much common sense.
The horse that allows himself to be caught lying down may be considered out of condition or lacking sufficient nutritious food. A quart of linseed meal divided into three feeds and added to his grain daily will do him much good and help a quick shedding of the coat.
BLINDNESS .- Consult a skilled veteri- narian at once.
BOTS .- The bot-fly resembles a honey- bee in size, and in late summer deposits eggs of a yellowish color on the hair of the horse's breast, legs, etc. In try- ing to bite at these eggs, the animal gets some of them in his mouth and throat. The eggs soon hatch and the larvæ attach themselves eventually to the lining of the stomach, and are then called "bots." They remain in the stom- ach until the following spring. Of course, the presence of these pests causes more or less irritation, but, as a rule, no serious harm is done in ordinary instances. Contrary to popular belief, bots do not eat holes through a horse's stomach. We do not know of any treat- ment that will remove bots. Prevention should be the horse owner's main re- liance. Kill the flies whenever pos- sible; hang pieces of red cloth from the halter throat-latch, so that the shaking of the head when a horse is in pasture. may serve to frighten the flies away; and scrape off, from time to time, any eggs which are found on the horse.
BROKEN-WIND .- See Heaves.
CAPPED HOCK .- May be reduced in the same manner as Wind Galls (which see).
CHOKING .- Horses that choke thrust out their heads, bend and stretch the neck, while there is a copious flow of saliva from the mouth. In some cases
there is distention of the gullet on the left side of the neck, if it has descended so far. If it be in the upper part of the gullet a man accustomed to giving balls may be able to reach it with his hand. Obstructions that have got lower down may be moved upward gently from the outside. Sometimes an obstruction is soft and may be crushed small enough for the animal to swallow it. A mass of meal or other impacted food is some- times removed by frequent drinks of water, and a drench of olive or cotton seed oil can do no harm. The plan of reaching a whip or heavy piece of rope down the gullet to push the substance into the stomach is risky, in the hands of one not accustomed to the anatomy of the horse.
CHOKING DISTEMPER. - This disease prevails at times in many parts of the country. It is sometimes called spinal meningitis or putrid sore throat. The animal often falls down paralyzed, can- not arise, and if left prostrate is almost sure to die. He must be got upon his feet, and if he cannot stand must be swung. A majority of cases are fatal. It is caused by some specific poison taken into the system with food or drink, mostly the former. Dirty man- gers, rotting roots or meal, and mouldy hay, especially meadow hay, are usually the media by which the disease is ac- quired. The moral is to have every- thing sweet and clean that the animal eats and drinks, and have no decayed matter in the entry or in any other part of the barn. (See Distemper.)
COCKED ANKLE .- See Knuckling.
COFFIN-JOINT LAMENESS. - Same as Navicular Disease (which see).
COLIC, SPASMODIC .- This begins sud- denly. The horse stamps impatiently, looks backward, soon paws, and then rolls. After an interval of ease the pains return with increased severity. Give chloral hydrate, one ounce, in half a pint of water as a drench; or ether and laudanum, two ounces each, in lin- seed oil, half a pint; or sulphuric ether and alcohol, two ounces of each in eight ounces of water. If nothing else is handy, give of whiskey half a pint in hot water. If not relieved in one hour repeat any of the doses prescribed. The body should be warmly clothed and sweating encouraged. Dip blankets in hot water containing a small quantity
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BERRIEN COUNTY
ARTHUR J. MIARS Notary Public and Insurance
Phone 75F13
BERRIEN CENTRE, MICH.
-THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES REPRESENTED
Cass County Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Dowagiac City and Village Mutual Fire Insurance Michigan Mutual Cyclone and Wind-storm Ins.
Ohio and Indiana Live Stock Insurance Aetna Life, Accident and Health Ins. Aetna Automobile Insurance
The E. E. Woodford Company
DEALERS IN
GRAINS AND FARM PRODUCE Garden Seeds Field Seeds
Poultry Supplies Flour and Feed
102 Main
NILES -
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MICHIGAN
C. McGOWAN - DEALER IN - Hardware, Groceries, Dry Goods, Shoes and Garden Seeds 34 YEARS EXPERIENCE Phone 960-F2
-:- SODUS, MICH.
WESTHAUSER'S Improved S. C. W. Leghorns Growing Stock, Day-old Chicks, Hatching Eggs Special Prices Yearling Hens between Aug. and Oct. WESTHAUSER'S POULTRY FARM Phone Connections THREE OAKS, MICH.
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of turpentine, and hold them in place under the body with dry blankets, or rub the abdomen with stimulants or mustard water. If cramp is due to irri- tation in the bowels, a cure is not com- plete until a physic of aloes, one ounce; or linseed oil, one pint, is given. Soapy or salt water aids the cure when used as an injection.
COLIC, WIND .- Is caused by feeding after a long fasting, or when the animal is exhausted by driving, or by new grain or hay, too much grain fed, or by sour or indigestible food. The horse seems dull, paws, and the pains are continuous. The belly enlarges, and when struck in front of the haunches sounds like a drum. . If not soon relieved, difficult breathing, sweating, staggering and death follow. Give alkalines to neutralize the gases formed. No simple remedy is better than common baking soda, two to four ounces. If this fails, give chloride of lime in half-ounce doses, or the same quantity of carbonate of am- monia dissolved and diluted with oil or milk, until relieved. Chloral hydrate is particularly useful in both wind and spasmodic colic. Horsemen would be wise to keep it ready for emergencies. Physic should be given in flatulent colic, and turpentine, one to two ounces, with linseed oil, eight ounces, frequently, to stimulate the motion of the bowels. Colic should not be neglected nor the patient left, until you are certain of cure or death.
COUGH .- If a horse coughs, dampen his hay, wet his mixed feed, keep him out of a draught; after exercise blanket him. (See Heaves.)
CRIBBING OR WIND-SUCKING .- This is a bad habit, rather than a disease. The horse bites his manger or other con- venient object, sucks air and makes a peculiar grunting noise. Prevention aids a cure. Iron mangers and stable fittings are a great help; or box stalls containing no projecting wooden objects.
CURB .- A curved, unnatural condition of the back part of the hock. Lameness, enlargement and more or less inflam- mation are symptoms. Liniments, iodine ointment, blisters, and, as a last resort, firing, are all recommended.
DISTEMPER .- Keep hot poultices of bread and milk or oil meal on the neck of horses with throat distemper ; change them often. In severe cases, rub the glands and muscles with spirits of tur- pentine and camphor. (See Choking
Distemper.)
DYSENTERY .- If this trouble exists, place the horse in a dry, well-ventilated stable, rub the surface of the body fre- quently, and keep it and the legs warm with blankets and bandages. The food must be light and easy to digest, the water pure and in small quantities. Give first, castor oil, one-half pint, and laudanum, two ounces. The strength must be kept up by milk punches, eggs, beef tea, oatmeal gruel, etc.
EYE. - See Hooks, Pink-Eye and Blindness.
FARCY .- A form of glanders which at- tacks the skin. (See Glanders.)
FETLOCK .- If this be sprained and the injury slight, bandage and apply cold water frequently. Where the lameness is intense, and the swelling and heat great, the leg should be kept in a con- stant stream of cold water. When the inflammation has been subdued, the joint should be blistered. (See Knuckling.)
FITS .- See Staggers.
FOUNDER .- The front feet are usually affected, the delicate lamina being in- flamed. Acute founder, if not cured, de- velops into chronic founder, and no sure cure is known for the latter stage of the disease. The trouble may come from any one of several causes: Long or hard driving, hard pavements or roads, feeding or watering a horse while he is exceedingly warm or tired, etc., etc. Lameness, pain and heat in the fore feet, are common symptoms. For an attack of this kind, the best things to do are about as follows: Get the shoes off, put the horse in his stall, and soak or pack his feet in cold water, moss, or whatever is handy; give a tablespoonful of saltpeter as a drench three times a day; send for a veterinarian.
GALLS .- See Shoulder and Wind Galls.
GIDDINESS .- A horse which is fre- quently or occasionally overtaken with this trouble is dangerous to use. It is hard to cure. It indicates the need of moderate driving, especially in hot weather, and that a small amount of hay should be fed.
GLANDERS .- Whenever a horse is seen to bleed or emit offensive matter from the nostrils, glanders may be suspected and home treatment should not be at- tempted. It may be a dangerous case, which is fatal alike to man and beast. A veterinary surgeon should be called.
GORGED STOMACH .- This results when a horse has been fed after a long fast. The small stomach of a horse is so dis-
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BERRIEN COUNTY
When you come to Buchanan don't fail to visit our place. We Would if We could But we can't offer you anything better than
OUR CHOICE CONFECTIONS AND DELICIOUS HOME MADE ICE CREAM COLD AND HOT DRINKS SANITARY SWEET SHOP BUCHANAN, MICH.
DAVID KNIGHT & SON ... Nurserymen ... SAWYER, MICHIGAN All leading varities of strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, currant, gooseberry and grape plants.
Prices Reasonable . Write for Catalog
REMEMBER
E carry complete lines of Dry Goods, Shoes, Groceries, Hardware, Paints, Oils and Notions.
We are also members of The Merchants' Syndicate and are prepared to order anything that you need that we do not carry in stock and guarantee our prices to be as low as re- liable merchandise can be purchased anywhere. Give us a call. RUTTER & WILLETT
Berrien Center, Mich.
A. B. STEVENS STOCK BUYER
DEALER IN FRESH AND SALT MEATS
RETAIL AND WHOLESALE Benton Harbor 863-M-PHONES-Millburg 728-F24 Millburg and Benton Harbor - Michigan
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tended that it is unable to contract itself upon its contents, a motion which is necessary in digestion. The horse be- comes stupid, slight colicky symptoms are observed, and he carries his head low and extended. As he grows worse he paws, becomes delirious, is covered with cold sweat, trembles, slobbers, stag- gers and drops dead. Treatment is dif- ficult. A purgative of Barbadoes aloes, one ounce, should be given at once, fol- lowed by Cayenne pepper, one-half ounce, or Jamaica ginger, one-half ounce. If the bowels can be stimu- lated to act, they will in a measure re- lieve the stomach. For this purpose, use turpentine, two ounces, and linseed oil, eight ounces.
GREASE HEEL .- See Scratches.
HEAVES .- A peculiar movement of the abdomen and flank, points to heaves; a cough usually accompanies it. There is no cure for the established disease. Careful dieting will relieve the distress, but this will appear as bad as ever when the stomach is overloaded. The best quality of food lessens heaves. Food that is too bulky and which lacks nutri- ment, has much to do with the disease. Feed affected animals only a small quantity of hay once a day, and in- variably water at least fifteen minutes before feeding, and never directly after meal. Work right after eating aggra- vates the symptoms. Carrots, potatoes or turnips, chopped or mixed with oats or corn, are a good diet. What bulky food is given should be in the evening. Medical treatment is worth less than dieting. A predisposition to the disease may be inherited.
HIDEBOUND .- A symptom, not a dis- ease. The trouble comes because the horse is out of condition, or because he has worms, bad teeth, indigestion, or some chronic disease.
Hock .- See Capped Hock, etc.
HOOKS .- There is a widespread de- lusion that hooks, so called, is a disease affecting the horse's eye. A barbarous custom among cruel men is to forcibly destroy the membrane which keeps the eye free from foreign substances, but the cruelty does not accomplish the de- sired result, though it may injure or destroy the eye. The obstinacy of the membrane simply shows something to be wrong in the anatomy of the horse, just as the tongue will indicate to the observing physician when the stomach of his subject is out of order. To cut or disturb the hooks in the eyes is as
absurd as to doctor the tongue instead of the stomach in the human case.
INDIGESTION .- Some horses, although having a good appetite, remain gaunt and thin from indigestion. They should be given some strong purgative, like Barbadoes aloes, combined with pow- dered ginger, one-half ounce; Glauber's salts, one-half pound, dissolved in a quart of water. When the intestines have been thoroughly cleaned by this process, give daily the following powder : Sulphate of iron, three drachms; sul- phate of soda, two ounces; nux vomica, ten grains ; ginger, one-half ounce. This powder may be continued daily for a month. Give all the rock salt the ani- mal will lick.
ITCHING SKIN .- Wash the skin thor- oughly with carbolic soapsuds, and give the horse a half pound of Glauber's salts daily for a week. Do not feed him any grain but wheat, scalded bran and linseed meal, three quarts of the former and one quart of the latter, for two weeks. There will speedily come a change. Card him daily. Scald his oats and give him salt daily. Feed oats, bran and linseed after the two weeks and scald the whole mess. When horses are covered with bunches or lumps, their blood is out of order. Give doses of Glauber's salts daily and hot bran mashes. Give salts a half pound daily. A gill of raw linseed oil every day will be good, mixed with the bran.
KNUCKLING OR COCKED ANKLE .- A condition of the fetlock joint which re- sembles partial dislocation. The trouble is not considered unsoundness, but it predisposes to stumbling. Foals are quite subject to it, and no treatment is necessary, as the legs straighten up naturally in a few weeks. It is caused in horses by heavy and fast work, and is produced sometimes by a disease of the suspensory ligament, or of the flexor tendons. This should be relieved by proper shoeing. The toe must be short- ened and the heels left high, or the shoe should be thin forward with thick heels or high calks.
LAMENESS .- May be due to founder, navicular disease, faulty shoeing, sprains, spavin, etc., etc.
LAMINITIS OR FOUNDER .- See Founder,
LAMPAS. - Usually an imaginary trouble. Very rarely does the mem- brane directly beneath the upper front teeth congest and swell enough to in- terfere with feeding. When this trouble is feared there is no quicker nor surer
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BERRIEN COUNTY
CHAPMAN JEWELRY CO. Watches-Diamonds LARGEST STOCK IN SOUTHWESTERN MICHIGAN Make this store your headquarters-Use our phone 142 East Main St. Telephone 235 Benton Harbor, Mich.
E. C. McCollum
HORSE AND AUTO LIVERY
TEAMING AND DRAYING TAXI SERVICE A SPECIALTY
FOR SERVICE CALL 72-F2
BUCHANAN, MICHIGAN
W AGNER'S HITE YANDOTTES
For Blue Ribbons Quick Growth Meat and Eggs
-I HAVE NO OTHER BREEDS- A LIMITED NUMBER OF CHOICE STOCK FOR SALE EGGS IN SEASON SATISFACTION GUARANTEED GEO. N. WAGNER, New Buffalo, MICH., R. D. 1.
25 Years' Experience ARVINE S. MILLER Real Estate Loans, Insurance and Conveyancing COLOMA, MICHIGAN
Special Attention Given To the Settlement of Estates
Let Me Furnish Your Bond
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cure than feeding a little corn in the Bar. . When biting off the kernels, the horse naturally compresses the mem- brane or forces it back. The burning of the lampas is cruel and unnecessary, and if the swelled parts are cut, the cut should not be deep, or danger will result.
LICE .- Remove these by rubbing the horse with a solution of sulphate of potassium, four ounces, and water, one gallon; or with strong tar water; or dust with Persian insect powder; or the skin may be sponged with benzine or quassia chip tea. Any of the applications must be repeated a week later to de- stroy the lice hatching in the interval. All blankets should be boiled, and the stalls painted with turpentine, and lit- tered with fresh pine sawdust.
, LOCKJAW .- This is caused by cuts, nail in the hoof, etc. Nothing is so common from wounds in the feet and from docking. The horse is unable to open his jaws to the fullest extent, and mastication is impossible. Various muscles twitch, the head and tail are elevated and the nose protruded, and the anus is compressed. The animal swallows with difficulty; saliva flows from the mouth. Of course, in this dis- wAse the necessity of calling in a skilled veterinary surgeon is indicated.
MEGRIMS .- See Giddiness.
MENINGITIS. SPINAL. - See Choking Distemper.
1 OVERWORK, OVERHEATING, ETC .- An experienced horseman, if humane, will not push his horse beyond his strength. An indiscreet driver will sometimes bring an animal to the verge of ex- tinction. The symptoms are plain in the audible breathing, staggering gait, ex- hausted appearance and heaving flank. The girts must be removed and the face turned toward the wind, the animal being protected from the sun meantime. The head must be left free and the limbs and body well rubbed. The move- ment of the ribs should not be hindered in any way. A few swallows of cold water may be allowed, and, in hot weather, the mouth, forehead and face may be sponged with it. When suf- ficiently revived, the horse should be slowly led to a comfortable box-stall and heavily blanketed, woolen bandages being wound about the legs as well. If the horse has fallen he must not be allowed to lie until he voluntarily gets up, but must be propped up on his breast and not allowed to lie flat on his side. Heat exhaustion is somewhat
similar in symptom and demands similar treatment, with the addition of throwing cold water over the animal, particularly wetting the head, and causing a current of air to pass over him that evaporation may take place.
PINK-EYE .- A species of influenza which causes inflammation of the eye. It is contagious. Isolate the patient; disinfect his old stall; blanket him and feed him warm mashes and laxative food; bathe the eyes occasionally with hot water. Boric acid (one dram di- luted with three ounces of water) makes an excellent solution for dropping into sore eyes, at intervals of three or four. hours.
RING BONE .- An osseous exudation or bony deposit at the crown of the hoof. When its presence is first detected the place should be severely blistered once or twice, or red iodide of mercury ap- plied. If this fail, firing with the hot iron in the hands of a competent surgeon will be necessary.
ROARING .- A disease of the muscles of the larynx and a vocal cord. Causes a roaring or whistling sound when the horse is exercising. This trouble may come from straining the respiratory or- gans, it may be an after-effect of dis- temper, or it may have been inherited. Treatment is of little benefit, although a surgical operation sometimes brings relief.
SCRATCHES OR GREASE HEEL .- This trouble is frequently the result of care- lessness in cleaning and ventilating the stable. Many a horse is ruined by al- lowing the legs to go dirty. It takes only a few minutes to wash them clean and rub them dry. If the skin begins to crack it must not be left or it will become almost incurable. The skin must be kept clean and soft. The disease may result from the condition of the blood, from unwholesome fodder, or work in irritating mud or dust, espe- cially of a limestone character. It has been brought on by using caustic soap on the legs, clipping the heels in winter time, by debilitating disease, etc. The first step in a cure is to remove the cause, and if there is much local heat, administer a laxative, like a pound of Glauber's salts. Highly-fed" animals should have their rations reduced, . or replaced by bran mashes, flaxseed, fruits, roots, and other non-stimulating food. Bitter tonics are essential also, and may be continued six weeks to two months. If the skin is unbroken, bathe with
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