USA > Michigan > Branch County > Branch County, Michigan, directory, 1919 > Part 30
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PYRETHRUM, OR PERSIAN INSECT POW- DER .- It may be dusted on with a pow- der bellows when the plants are wet; or one ounce of it may be steeped in one gallon of hot water, and sprayed on the plants at any time. It is often used on flowers, in greenhouses, on vegeta- bles, etc.
BISULPHIDE OF CARBON .- This is used to kill weevils in beans and peas, etc. It comes in liquid form and may be had o1 druggists. When exposed to the air it quickly vaporizes into a poisonous and explosive gas which is heavier than air and which will destroy all insect life. (Caution .- Do not inhale the vapor, and allow no lights near.)
Tobacco stems, tobacco dust, kainit, soot, freshly-slaked lime, dust, etc., are often used as insect preventives-in the soil around plants to keep away grubs, worms and maggots, or dusted on to discourage the visits of cucumber bugs, etc. (Note .- The first four are excel- lent fertilizers as well as insect pre- ventives.)
Crows and blackbirds frequently pull up planted corn. The best preventive is to tar the seed, as follows: Put the seed into a pail and pour on enough warm water to cover it. Add a tea- spoonful of coal-tar to a peck, and stir well. Throw the seed out on a sieve or in a basket to drain, and then stir in a few handfuls of land plaster (gyp- sum), or air-slaked lime.
A NEW FUNGICIDE .- Some orchard- ists are now using the following self- boiled lime-sulphur spray, instead of Bordeaux, claiming that it is less liable to spot or burn fruit and foliage: Put eight pounds of unslaked lump lime in a barrel; add enough water to cover. When the lime begins to heat, throw in eight pounds of flowers of sulphur. Constantly stir and gradually pour on more water until the lime is all slaked; then add the rest of the water to cool the mixture. About fifty gallons of water, in all, are required. Strain. Two pounds of arsenate of lead may be added, if desired, to the finished mixture, which then becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide, and may be used in the same manner as advised for Bordeaux-arsenate of lead. (Special note .- The self-boiled mixture is not the same as the lime-sulphur advised for San Jose scale, which is too strong for trees in foliage.)
If you do not care to bother with making spraying mixtures at home, they can be purchased, already prepared, of seedsmen. For only a few trees or plants, the extra cost of these factory mixtures is not great.
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HENRY & CARTER Proprietors COVE RESORT
Resorts, Boats and Cottages To Rent REASONABLE PRICES Cigars, Tobacco and Soft Drinks Telephone Bronson 1640 R. D. 3 BRONSON, MICH.
DOROTHY DODD RED CROSS
and
Shoes
SOLD EXCLUSIVELY IN COLDWATER BY F. H. FLANDERMEYER
Shropshire Home Stock Farms W. W. WARREN, Owner W. W. WARREN & SON
R. G. WARREN, Mgr.
Imp. Shropshire Sheep
Poland China Swine
UTILITY BARRED AND WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK FOWLS CHOICE BREEDING STOCK SATISFACTION GUARANTEED UNION CITY - -
. - MICHIGAN
HEADQUARTERS FOR Auto Supplies and Sporting Goods The largest stock of each in the county GASOLINE OILS and FREE AIR STATION HENNING & WICKER, 57 W. Chicago Street COLDWATER, MICHIGAN
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RURAL DIRECTORY
DISEASES OF SHEEP
If sheep are given proper care and feed, and are not exposed to sudden changes, the liability of disease is ma- terially reduced. For the average sheep that becomes sick, and you do not know how to doctor, the best way is to let nature take its course. Unless the symptoms are very evident and the rem- edies well known, doctoring sheep is ex- pensive and often unsatisfactory.
In handling and treating sick animals, use common sense. Do not try to make them eat, but let them be quiet. Do not begin to pour medicine down them the first time you see there is something wrong, but look to the cause and remove it, if it is in the feed or care. If the animal does not then return to feed, study closely the symptoms, and give such treatment as the latter seem to warrant. The common ailments of sheep are comparatively few, but severe cases of many of them are very fatal.
,In giving medicine to sheep, the easi- est way to hold the sheep is to set it on its rump, placing the sheep between your legs and holding the head by plac- ing the first two fingers of the left hand in the roof of the animal's mouth, thus leaving the right hand to hold the spoon or bottle. Except where the medicine is given clear, in one or two tablespoon- fuls, the best method is to have a long, small-necked bottle in which to put the medicine, and put in the mouth, taking care to have the opening well to the back of the mouth so that the sheep can not hold the tongue over the opening. Give large doses with great care, pouring slowly to avoid choking. Be careful not to choke by pouring into the windpipe. In giving castor oil with a spoon, dip the spoon in water just before using.
INTERNAL DISEASES.
CHOKING .- Generally caused by too fast eating of oats or roots, which lodge in the gullet. Set the animal on its rump, stretch the neck and throw the head back, and pour a cupful of water down the throat. In more severe cases. use three or four tablespoonfuls of melted lard. If neither of these furnish relief, take a piece of small rubber hose, or a very small, pliable and smooth stick. push it carefully down the gullet,
and dislodge the obstacle. Keep close to the lower side of the neck, so as not to disturb the windpipe.
In passing hose to relieve choke, keep neck perfectly straight. Have animal held firmly by good assistants. Use great care to avoid wounding throat.
BLOATING .- Caused by overeating of soft, green feed, such as young clover, alfalfa, rape, and the like. For slight cases, put all the pine tar possible on the nose and mouth; also fasten a small stick in the mouth, like a bridle bit, to keep it open to allow the gas to escape. In more severe cases, give two teaspoon- fuls of bicarbonate of soda, dissolved in warm water. If relief does not fol- low, repeat in about ten minutes. Hold- ing salt pork in the mouth will often relieve. In all of these cases, keep the animal in motion, so as to facilitate the escape of gas. If none of these reme- dies act and the animal becomes worse, tapping must be resorted to. . This is- done by making a small insertion with a sharp knife, at a point on the left side equidistant from the end of the last short rib and the backbone, on the paunch. Better than a knife is a trocar with shield. This is a sharp blade in a tube, and when the puncture is made the shield is left in the opening, allow- the gas to escape. This shield should be removed as soon as the animal is out of danger. Sheep trocar and canula can be secured from any veterinary in- strument maker.
FOUNDERING. - Generally caused by overeating; for instance, securing access to grain bin accidentally, or being kept from feed twenty-four hours or longer, and then allowed to eat as much as they please. As soon as found, give one-half teacupful of castor oil and keep well exercised. If bloating sets in, re- lieve by ordinary methods. Founder- ing is very dangerous, and death often results, in spite of any remedy.
CONSTIPATION-In lambs, often occurs when one to seven years old. Relieve by an injection, with a small syringe, of lukewarm soapsuds into the rectum. Another good injection is glycerine, one ounce to warm water one pint. In older sheep, sometimes due to heavy feeding,
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especially of corn and dry feed without any laxative foods; also due to lack of exercise. Two to four tablespoonfuls of castor oil will relieve; if no passage of bowels in twenty-four hours, repeat and increase the dose by one-half.
"SCOURING. - Induced by a sudden change from dry to green feed; by over- eating of green feed, such as rape, clover, alfalfa, and the like; also of grain. In mild cases, a change to dry feed will cause scouring to stop in a day or so, without the use of any drug. In very severe cases, where the sheep refuses to eat, and passage of dung is slimy and attended with straining, give two tablespoonfuls of castor oil to carry off the cause of the irritation; if this does not check the passage give a table- spoonful of castor oil with thirty drops of laudanum, twice daily, in a little gruel. When checked, continue to give flaxseed gruel, until the sheep returns to its regular ration.
SNUFFLES .- Similar to a cold in per- sons; catarrh; discharge at the nose. Put fresh pine tar in the mouth and on the nose. In severe cases steam the sheep with tar, by putting some live coals in a pan, pouring tar on them, and holding his head over the pan, placing a blanket over his head to keep the fumes from escaping, and forcing the sheep to inhale them.
URINARY TROUBLES .- Rams are some- times troubled to make water; generally due to heavy feeding and close confine- ment ; it is also claimed that heavy feed- ing of roots will cause this trouble. Rams stand apart from the flock, do not eat, draw up their hind parts, and strain in an attempt to make water. To relieve, give one-half teaspoonful sweet spirits of niter, in a little water, every two hours until relieved.
WORMS .- The deadly stomach worm (strongylus contortus) is the worst foe of the eastern sheep grower. It is a small worm about three-quarters of an inch long, found in the fourth stomach. They are taken in by lambs running on old pasture, especially blue-grass, and are induced by wet weather and wet soil; are generally noticeable during July and August. Symptoms : lambs lag behind when driving the flock, look thin and poor, act weak, skin is very pale and bloodless; eyes pale, sunken and
lifeless; sometimes scouring occurs a day or two before death; death usually in four to ten days. Preventive: keep the lambs from old pastures; a fresh cut or newly seeded clover meadow makes the best pasture; rape is also good. Feed them some grain and dry feed, and keep some of the following mixture in the salt box all the time, viz .: one bushel salt, one pound gen- tian, one pound powdered copperas, one pint turpentine, mixed thoroughly. Some of the prepared medicated salts are just as cheap and effective as this mixture. Tobacco dust and tobacco leaves fed with the salt are also much used in some sections and prove very effective as a preventive. Cure: if not too bad when noticed, they can often be cured, but they are seldom as growthy as if not affected. Shut the lambs from all feed for twelve to eighteen hours; catch the lamb, set him on his rump, holding so that he can not struggle and give a drench of gasoline, one tablespoonful, in four ounces (one-third to one-half teacupful) of milk; repeat the two suc- ceeding mornings, and if no improve- ment, repeat the series in seven to ten days. Follow directions carefully.
DISEASES EXTERNAL.
MAGGOTS .- Caused by green flies, in- duced by hot, damp weather, and dirty wool; found on the hind part of sheep, and on rams around the horns, where wool is damp and dirty. Also around castration and docking wounds, which require watching for this trouble. Trim off the wool on place affected, and throw off the maggots; put on gasoline to kill the maggots. Air-slacked lime will dry up the wet wool, and drive the maggots and flies away. Turpentine and kero- sene are also used, but both take off the wool, if used in considerable amounts. Apply the above remedies for. maggots with brush or small oil can.{
FOULS, OR SORE FEET .- Sheep are often lame, especially when the ground is wet; earth or manure lodges between the toes, continual rubbing induces soreness, the foot begins to . suppurate, and your sheep is lame; the foot looks sore be- tween the toes and is warm. Pare away all shell of hoof around the sore part, being sure to expose to the air all af- fected parts: after thoroughly paring. put on with a small swab a solution of
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RURAL DIRECTORY
blue vitriol and strong vinegar, mixed to the consistency of a thin paste. Keep sheep with fouls away from wet pastures or stagnant water, and keep feet dry and clean as possible.
,If lame sheep are not doctored, the fouls soon spread to all parts of the foot, and foot-rot results. This becomes contagious, and all sheep remaining where are those with foot-rot will be- come lame. There is no need of foot- rot if the shepherd takes care of his sheep. Treat this the same as the fouls, being sure to pare away all shell and ex- posing the diseased parts. For stronger solution than blue vitriol, use blue vitriol, butyr of antimony, and mur- iatic acid, equal parts by weight. Use with care. Paring is the principal thing ; be careful not to cut the toe vein. Another excellent remedy for foul feet is one ounce chloride of zinc to one pint of water. Apply enough to wet foul parts once daily after cleaning foot with dry cloth.
"TICKS .- Ticks to sheep are as lice to hens; they take the life and blood from the sheep. To kill them, dip your sheep in some proprietary dip, carbolic prefer - red, being careful to follow directions.
SCAB .- Is a strictly contagious disease of the skin, caused by a small mite which bites the skin. It generally appears on the back, rump or sides of the sheep, and is first indicated by rubbing and pulling of the wool. The disease is very contagious, common to large flocks and bands, especially on the western range. Cure : use some good proprietary dip, follow directions to the letter, dip your sheep thoroughly twice, the second dip- ping from six to ten days after the first, not sooner nor later than these limits. Disinfect all pens thoroughly and keep sheep from the old pastures at least two months. Scab is not very common to eastern sheep owners. Inspect all new animals at once for scab, as it is often introduced by purchasing stock ewes or rams.
SORE EYES .- Caused by too much wool over the eyes, and the eyelid rolling into the eye; also by getting something into the eye. Shear the wool away from the eye, and tie the cap of wool up off from the eyes, if necessary; if there is a film over the eye, better apply a few drops of a solution of ten grains of boric acid to the ounce of water, put in a pinch of powdered burnt alum.
SORE TEATS .- The teats on ewes with lambs sometimes become sore and ten- der, so that the lamb can not suck. Rub twice a day with salted butter.
CAKED UDDER .- Sometimes caused by weaning and not milking after the lamb is taken away. Generally occurs in heavy milkers; also occurs when lamb is still sucking, in one side of the bag at first. It is accompanied by stiffness in the hind quarters, the bag is hard, and in the first stages a thin, watery-like fluid can be drawn from the teat. Rub well and carefully, using camphorated sweet oil; the principal thing is the rub- bing; try to soften the bag and keep the teat open. Many times the ewe will lose the use of that side of her bag entirely. If she does, send her to mar- ket. Where gait is stiff and udder caked, give the ewe one dram salicylate of soda three times daily for three or four days.
CASTING WITHERS .- Thrusting out of the womb. It should be washed in a pint of warm water, in which has been dissolved a teaspoonful of powdered alum, and the womb replaced, and a stitch taken in the upper part of the opening of the vagina. The best way to cure such ewes is to market them or kill at once if they continue to give trouble in this respect. After replacing the womb, keep hind parts of animal quite high by standing in narrow stall made for the purpose, with floor made high behind.
GOITER .- Lumps in the throat. Com- mon to lambs when born; also in young sheep during the first winter. Some think the latter is caused by high feed- ing. Apply tincture of iodine with a swab, rubbing on enough to color well the affected portion. Two or three ap- plications, two to four days apart, should remove the worst case of goiter.
CASTRATING. - Hold as for docking. Cut off a good sized portion of the end of the sac with a sharp knife, push back the sack from the testicles, grasp the latter singly, with right hand, and grasp narrow or upper portion of sac firmly with left hand, and draw out until the cord breaks. Do not cut the cord, but break it. When docking and castrating at the same time, castrate first, then dock, and release the lamb. The whole operation should not take over one to two minutes.
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BRANCH COUNTY
DORRANCE DRUG CO. Drugs, Kodaks and Supplies Send us your films for finishing. One day service.
COLDWATER MICHIGAN
Southern Michigan Garage FACING PARK COLDWATER, MICH. Accessories, Gasoline, Oils, Etc. Steam Heated General Storage AGENT FOR COLUMBIA SIX PHONE 725
Mr. Cream Producer WE ARE Headquarters for Cream Our Motto: A SQUARE DEAL GIVE US A TRIAL
Branch County Creamery EMIL ANDERSON 164 South Monroe Street COLD WATER, - . MICHIGAN
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RURAL DIRECTORY
Weevils
Grain infested with weevils loses in weight, is undesirable for seed, and is unfit for human consumption. Nor is such grain good feed for livestock. Mil- lions of dollars are lost each year, sim- ply because many farmers do not under- stand how to deal with the weevils.
The mature Granary Weevil is only about one-sixth of an inch in length, and the color is a shining chestnut brown. This species is unable to fly; but it doesn't worry on that account. No, indeed! For it easily makes up, in grain-puncturing and egg-laying power, all that it lacks in wing power.
The female Granary Weevil attacks all kinds of grain, but prefers that which is husked. After puncturing the grain she inserts an egg; this hatches into a larva that devours the mealy interior. This egg-laying process is continued for an extended period, and in a single sea- son one pair of weevils will, it is esti- mated, produce 6000 descendants !
The Angoumois Grain Moth came to this country from France, nearly two hundred years ago. The color is light grayish brown, lined and spotted with black. This insect is very apt to deposit its eggs in unthreshed grain in stack or mow. Where the moths appear in force it is wise to thresh the grain quickly and hurry it to the mill, rather than attempt to store it.
Now for general remedies. Careful attention to the following preventive measures may bring partial relief :
First: Never store fresh grain in bins or granaries (or even under the same roof ) where there is, or has been, wee- viled grain. Before using such storage places remove all old grain and thor- oughly scrub, clean and fumigate the bins, using bisulphide of carbon.
Second: Remember that damp, warm bins foster the rapid increase of insect life. Endeavor to have the granary cool and dry.
Third: Build the granary as nearly vermin-proof as is possible. Cover win- dows with fine wire gauze. See that doors, floors, walls, and ceilings are tight.
As regards aggressive remedies, there is one which is a grand success-carbon bisulphide. This is a colorless liquid which rapidly vaporizes into a heavy gas which works downward. Rightly ap- plied to infested grain or seed, the cost is slight, and no injury results to edible or germinative qualities.
How to use bisulphide: See that the grain receptacle can be tightly closed. Figure out the cubical contents of the receptacle or bin, and apply the bisul- phide at the rate of about one pound for each 1000 cubic feet of interior space. Place the liquid on top of the grain, in shallow pans; about a teacupful in each. Then quickly close the bin for twenty- four hours.
Cautions : The vapor is highly inflam- mable and poisonous. Do not breathe it, nor allow any light near. Thoroughly air the bin or building after fumigation.
Cabbage Worm
This pest is the larva or caterpillar of a white butterfly which appears early in the season and which can be seen flying about cabbage fields until late in the fall.
Remedies : The main secret of success is regular, persistent treatment nearly every week. One treatment alone does little good, owing to the fact that new egg supplies are being placed on the cab- bages by- the butterflies all summer. There are many remedies, and below we give some of the safest and best known :
Pyrethrum (also called California buhach and Persian insect powder). This may be diluted with five or six times its bulk of flour, and dusted on the plants in the evening or early morn- ing when wet with dew; or it may be mixed with water-one ounce to four gallons-and sprayed on at any time.
Hot water: Water at a temperature of 130 degrees will kill every worm it touches without injuring the plants.
Kerosene emulsion: An excellent remedy while the plants are young, but may give the heads a bad taste if used too late in the season.
Air-slaked lime: Some growers say that this (or, in fact, fine dry road dust, or any powdery substance) will kill every worm it covers.
Hand-picking: In small gardens, the_ worms can easily be controlled by pick- ing them off and killing them at regular intervals.
Preventive measures: The practice of leaving cabbage stalks in the field after the main crop is off is a reprehensible one. All remnants should be gathered and destroyed, with the exception of a few left at regular intervals through a field as lures for the females to deposit their eggs. Such stalks, being useless, should be burned later on.
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BRANCH COUNTY
BLACKHAWK ROLLER MILLS HARRY E. JOHNSON
-
Flour, Buckwheat and Feed Grinding
R. F. D. No. 1 Capacity 50 Barrels Telephone 0304 COLDWATER, MICHIGAN
W. L. PHILLIPS Wear-U-Well Shoe Store -- ALSO- First Class Shoe Repairing QUINCY - MICHIGAN
Supply all your wants by buying your Paints, Oils, Glass, Rugs, Linoleum, Stoves, Ranges and Furnaces of D.C.Allen& Co., Hardware
Metal work a specialty. No. 9 West Chicago St. Phone 28 Coldwater, Mich.
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RURAL DIRECTORY
Troublesome Pests-Rats
At one time our premises were so over-run with rats that we sustained quite a loss from their devastation. A plan for their destruction was devised, as follows: Filling an iron kettle three- fourths full of barn sweepings, corn- cobs and a little mixed grain, we set it in an empty stall in the horse stable where the rats seemed to predominate most, and left it this way for some time, keeping plenty of grain in with the rub- bish as an enticement for the rats. We laid several boards sloping from the kettle to the floor, so that the rats could easily run up and down and into the kettle.
At the end of about two weeks, or when we thought a great number of rats had become accustomed to frequent the kettle, we emptied the kettle of its rubbish contents and filled it three- fourths full of water and covered the water about an inch or more with light chaff, leaving no water exposed. (If water remains entirely undisturbed the chaff will not sink over night.) On the chaff we scattered a little light grain. There was something going on, that night ! The rats had a party or some- thing; at any rate, the next morning when we went to fishing we scooped out about a half bushel of rats, big and little. The next morning our haul was not quite so large, but we got quite a number; and so on until the rats either got wise or there were no more rats. If we did not get all, we at least got a large majority of them.
At another time when rats were get- ting altogether too plentiful, we caught a rat in a box trap. This rat we let run into a grain bag and there we caught it by the nape of its neck, guarding care- fully against being bitten; then we let all but the head and neck come out of the bag and painted all of the exposed parts of the rat thoroughly with tar, and let the rodent go. We had heard that doing this to one rat and letting it go would clean the premises of all other rats, as they object to the smell of tar, or are frightened at the strange appear- ance of one of their party. It seemed
to work in our case, and work well. We had no trouble with rats for several years after that. Lonesome, heart- broken, or what, I don't know; but one morning shortly after we had tarred this rat we caught the same fellow again in the same trap we had caught it in before. However, this time we did not let it go.
It seems that in no other place are rats so hard to catch as in the cellar. Located there they seem to be able to evade all traps and trapping. But I found a way to get Mr. Rat in the cellar. I set a steel trap and put it in a shallow, discarded bread-pan, and covered the trap completely with wheat bran; the bran being light, did not spring the trap nor hinder the working of it. Over and about the trap on the bran I scattered a few bread-crumbs or meat scraps. This method has never failed me in getting rats in the cellar; although it has when tried in other places. The bran and the foregoing baits differed so much from the edibles the rats in the cellar were accustomed to diet on, that they jumped for the chance of a change, and conse- quently were easily caught in this manner.
I have found that rats often gain en- trance to a cellar through the cellar drain, and for this reason the outlet to the drain should be screened so that no rats can enter.
Chloride of lime, if generously sprinkled over the runways of rats, will' also clear the premises of the pests. It gets into their nostrils and burns their feet. Rather than brave many repeti- tions of it, they leave the premises.
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