USA > Michigan > Calhoun County > Calhoun County, Michigan, rural directory, 1916 > Part 22
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WHALE-OIL SOAP SOL VTION .- Dissolve one pound of whale-oil soap in a gallon
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CALHOUN COUNTY
of hot water, and dilute with about six gallons of cold water. This is a good application for aphis (lice) on trees or plants. For oyster-shell or scurvy scale use this spray in May or June or when the tiny scale lice are moving about on the bark.
TOBACCO TEA .- Place five pounds of tobacco stems in a water-tight vessel, and cover them with three gallons of hot water. Allow to stand several hours; dilute the liquor by adding about seven gallons of water. Strain and ap- ply. Good for lice.
LIME-SULPHUR MIXTURE. - Slake twenty-two pounds of fresh lump lime in the vessel in which the mixture is to be boiled, using only enough water to cover the lime. Add seventeen pounds of sulphur (flowers or powdered), hav- ing previously mixed it in a paste with water. Then boil the mixture for about an hour in about ten gallons of water, using an iron but not a copper vessel. Next add enough more water to make, in all, fifty gallons. Strain through wire sieve or netting, and apply while mixture is still warm. A good, high- pressure pump is essential to satisfac- tory work. Coat every particle of the tree. This is the standard San Jose scale remedy, although some orchardists prefer to use the soluble oil sprays now on the market.
PYRETHRUM, OR PERSIAN INSECT POW- DER .- It may be dusted on with a pow- der bellows when the plants are wet ; or one ounce of it may be steeped in one gallon of hot water, and sprayed on the plants at any time. It is often used on flowers, in greenhouses, on vegeta- bles, etc.
BISULPHIDE OF CARBON .- This is used to kill weevils in beans and peas, etc. It comes in liquid form and may be had of druggists. When exposed to the air it quickly vaporizes into a poisonous and explosive gas which is heavier than air and which will destroy all insect life. (Caution .- Do not inhale the vapor, and allow no lights near.)
Tobacco stems, tobacco dust, kainit, soot, freshly-slaked lime, dust, etc., are often used as insect preventives-in the soil around plants to keep away grubs, worms and maggots, or dusted on to discourage the visits of cucumber bugs. etc. (Note .- The first four are excel lent fertilizers as well as insect pre- ventives.)
Crows and blackbirds frequently pull up planted corn. The best preventive is to tar the seed, as follows: Put the seed into a pail and pour on enough warm water to cover it. Add a tea- spoonful of coal-tar to a peck, and stir well. Throw the seed out on a sieve or in a basket to drain, and then stir in a few handfuls of land plaster (gyp- sum), or air-slaked lime.
A NEW FUNGICIDE .- Some orchard- ists are now using the following self- boiled lime-sulphur spray, instead of Bordeaux, claiming that it is less liable to spot or burn fruit and foliage: Put eight pounds of unslaked lump lime in a barrel; add enough water to cover. When the lime begins to heat, throw in eight pounds of flowers of sulphur. Constantly stir and gradually pour on more water until the lime is all slaked; then add the rest of the water to cool the mixture. About fifty gallons of water, in all, are required. Strain. Two pounds of arsenate of lead may be added, if desired, to the finished mixture, which then becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide, and may be used in the same manner as advised for Bordeaux-arsenate of lead. (Special note .- The self-boiled mixture is not the same as the lime-sulphur advised for San Jose scale, which is too strong for trees in foliage.)
If you do not care to bother with making spraying mixtures at home, they can be purchased, already prepared, of seedsmen. For only a few trees or plants, the extra cost of these factory mixtures is not great.
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CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
SPRAYING CALENDAR
PLANT
FIRST APPLICATION
SECOND APPLICATION
APPLE (Scab, rot, rust, codling moth, bud moth, tent cater- pillar, canker worm, cur- culio, etc.)
ASPARAGUS (Rust, beetles.)
Cut off all shoots below surface regularly until about July 1st.
After cutting. ceases, let the shoots grow and spray them with Bordeaux-arseni- cal mixture.
10 days later, Bordeaux.
BEAN (Anthracnose, leaf blight, weevil, etc.)
Treat the seed before planting with bisulphide of carbon. (See remarks.) When third leaf expands, Bordeaux.
Pyrethrum or insect pow- der.
7-10 days later, repeat.
CABBAGE .. (Worms, lice, maggots, etc.)
CELERY (Blight, rot, leaf spot, rust, caterpillars.)
Half strength Bordeaux on young plants in hotbed or seedbed.
Bordeaux, after plants are transplanted to field. (Pyre- caterpillars if thrum for necessary.)
CHERRY (Rot, aphis, slug, curculio, black knot, leaf blight, or spot, etc.)
As buds are breaking, Bordeaux; when aphis ap- pear, tobacco solution or kerosene emulsion.
At first appearance of
worms, hellebore.
10 days later, hellebore. Bordeaux if leaf blight is feared.
GRAPE (Fungous diseases, Rose bugs, lice, flea, beetle, leaf hopper, etc.)
MELONS CUCUMBERS (Mildew, rot, blight. striped bugs, lice, flea beetle, etc.)
10-14 days repeat. (Note: Always use half strength Bordeaux on watermelon vines.)
PEACH (Rot, mildew, leaf curl, curculio, etc.)
As the buds swell, Bor- deaux.
When fruit has set, repeat. Jar trees for curculio.
PEAR AND QUINCE . . Bordeaux.
(Leaf blight, scab. psylla, codling moth, blister mite, slugs, etc.)
PLUM (Curculio, black knot, leaf blight. brown rot, etc.)
When buds are swelling, Bordeaux.
When blossoms have fallen, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture. Begin to jar trees for cur- culio. Repeat before insects be- come numerous.
POTATO (Flea beetle, Colorado beetle, blight rot, etc.)
Spray with Paris green and Bordeaux when about 4 in. high.
TOMATO (Rot, blight, etc.)
When plants are 6 in. high, Bordeaux.
Repeat in 10-14 davs. (Fruit can be wiped if dis- figured by Bordeaux.)
NOTE .- For San Jose scale on trees and shrubs, spray with the lime-sulphur mixture in autumn after leaves fall, or (preferably) in early spring, before buds start. The lime-sulphur
181
When blossoms drop, Bor- deaux-arsenical mixture.
CURRANT GOOSEBERRY (Worms, leaf blight.)
In spring, when buds swell, Bordeaux.
Just before flowers unfold, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
Bordeaux, when vines be- gin to run.
As buds are swelling,
Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux. Kerosene emul- sion when leaves open for psylla, if needed.
When buds are swelling, but before they open, Bor- deaux.
If canker worms are abun- dant just before blossoms open, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
CALHOUN COUNTY
SPRAYING CALENDAR
THIRD APPLICATION.
FOURTH APPLICATION.
REMARKS.
When blossoms
have fallen. deaux-arsenical ture.
Bor-
mix-
8-12 days later, Bordeaux . arsenical mixture.
For aphis (lice) use one of the lise remedies mentioned elsewhere. Dig out borers from tree trunks with knife and wire. For oyster- shell scale, use whale-oil soap spray in June.
2-3 weeks later, Bor- deaux-arsenical mix- ture.
Repeat in 2-3 weeks.
Mow vines close to ground when they are killed by frost, burn them, and apply a mulch of stable manure.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
For weevils: Put seed in tight box, put a cloth over seed, pour bisulphide of carbon on it, put lid on and keep closed for 48 hours. Use 1 oz. to 4 bus. of seed.
7-10 days later, re- peat.
Repeat every 10-14 days until crop is gathered.
Root maggots: Pour carbolic acid emulsion around stem of plants. Club root : Rotate crops; apply lime to soil; burn refuse; treat seed with formalin before planting.
14 days later, re- peat.
14 days later, re- peat.
Rot or rust is often caused by hilling up with earth in hot weather. Use boards for summer cro . Pithy stalks are due to poor seed; or lack of moisture.
10-14 days, Bor-
deaux.
Hellebore, if a second brood of slugs appear.
Black knot: Dark fungous-looking bunches or knots on limbs. Cut off and burn whenever seen.
10-14 days, repeat, if necessary.
2 to 4 weeks later, repeat.
Cane-borers may be kept in check by cutting out and burning infested canes.
When fruit has set, Bordeaux . arsenical mixture.
2 to 4 weeks later, Bordeaux.
For lice, use any of the lice remedies. For rose bugs, use 10 pounds of arsenate of lead and one gallon of molasses in 50 gallons of water, as a spray. Or knock the bugs into pans of kerosene every day.
10-14 days, repeat.
10-14 days, repeat.
Use lice remedies for lice. For striped bugs. protect young plants with a cover of mosquito netting over each hill. Or keep vines well dusted with a mixture of air-slaked lime, to- bacco dust and a little Paris green.
When fruit is one- half grown, Bor- deaux.
NOTE :- It is safer always to use half- strength Bordeaux on peach foliage.
Dig out borers. Cut down and burn trees affected with "yellows."
After blossoms have fallen. Bordeaux-ar- senical mixture.
8-12 days later, re- peat.
Look out for "fire blight." Cur out and burn blighted branches whenever seen.
10-14 days later, repeat.
10-20 days later, Bordeaux.
Cut out black knot whenever seen.
Repeat for blight, rot and insects.
To prevent scabby tubers, treat the seed with formalin before planting.
Repeat in 10-14
Hand-pick tomato worms.
days.
Repeat.
mixture is a fungicide as well as a scale cure, and if it is wed !". first early Bordeav. spray may be omitted.
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PLANTING TABLE FOR VEGETABLES AND BERRIES
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1
VARIETY
For Horse Cultivation Have Rows
For Hoe or Wheel- Hoe Cultivation Have Rows
Distance Apart in the Row
Depth to Cover
Time to Plant in the North, Outdoors (See Foot-note)
ASPARAGUS, Seed ASPARAGUS, Plants
212 ft. apart
4 ft. apart
1 ft. apart 3 ft. apart 2 ft. apart 4 x 3 ft. apart
Thin to 4 in.
5 or 6 in. 2 in.
BEAN, String BEAN, Lima
212 ft. apart Pole, 4x 4 ft. apart
Bush, 21/2 x 112 ft. apart 2 x 11/2 ft. apart
BEET
212 ft. apart
1 ft. apart 6 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in. 2 ft.
1 in.
March-April April. Or in the fall
CABBAGE and CAULI- FLOWER, Plants
212 ft. apart
2 ft. apart
16-24 in.
Early kinds, April; late kinds, June
CARROT CELERY, Plants
3-4 ft. apart
2-3 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in. 6 in.
1/2 in.
March-April
CORN, Sweet CUCUMBER
4 ft. apart
5 x 5 or 6x4 ft. apart
Same
Scatter 15 seeds in hill; 1/2 in. thin out later
CURRANT and GOOSEBERRY, Plants . . 5 x 5 ft. apart
EGGPLANT, Plants LETTUCE
21/2 x 21/2 ft. apart 212 ft. apart
MELON, Musk
6 x 4 ft. apart
MELON, Water
8x 8 ft. apart
5 x 4 ft. apart 2 x 2 ft. apart 11/2-2 ft. apart Same Same
1/2 in. Thin to 6-10 in. Scatter 15 seeds in hill; 12 in. thin out later
1/2 in.
May 15 May 15-20
CLASSIFIED BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
183
-
212 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Same
8-12 in.
2 in.
Early crop, May; late crop, early July First sowing, early May May 15
. April. Or in the fall June 1 March-April
..
3 in. transplant in 1 year 1 in. 2 ft.
Thin to 3 plants to a pole 1 in.
March-April March-April May 10-15 May 20-25
BLACKBERRY, Plants .. |8 ft. apart
PLANTING TABLE FOR VEGETABLES AND BERRIES-Continued
VARIETY
For Horse Cultivation Ilave Rows
For Hoe or Wheel- Hoe Cultivation Have Rows
Distance Apart in the Row
Depth to Cover
Time to Plant in the North, Outdoors (See Foot-note)
ONION, Seed
212 ft. apart
12-15 in. apart
Thin to 4 in.
1/2 in.
March-April
PARSLEY
212 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 6 in.
1/2 in.
Early April
PARSNIP
212 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in.
5/2 in.
March-April
PEPPER, Plants
21% ft. apart
2 ft. apart
20 in.
PEAS
3-4 ft. apart
21/2-3 ft. apart
Continuous row
3-5 in.
March-April
POTATO
3 ft. apart
2-212 ft. apart
12-18 in.
4 in.
.
184
RADISH
212 ft. apart
1 ft. apart .
Thin to 3 in.
1/2 in.
March-April
RHUBARB, Plants
4 ft. apart
3 ft. apart
3 ft.
2 or 3 in.
March-April
RASPBERRY, Plants . ..
6 ft. apart
5 ft. apart
Red, 2 ft.
Black, 212 ft.
SPINACH
212 ft. apart
1 ft. apart
Thin to 5 in.
1 in.
March-April (or fall)
SQUASII-PUMPKIN
. ... 8 x8 ft. (Bush Squash Same .
1/2 in.
May 15-20
STRAWBERRY Plants
14 ft. apart
3 ft. apart
15-20 in.
Have crown April. ( Pot-grownplants level with in August) ground
TOMATO, Plants
4 x 4 ft. apart
4 x 3 ft. apart
May 25-June 1
1
NOTE .- Planting time varies according to season and locality: dates given above are only approximate, and are based on latitude of Pennsylvania; allow about five days difference for cach 100 miles north or south of this State. Do not work soil in spring while it is very wet and soggy; wait. Plants set in autumn must be well mulched with strawy manure, leaves, etc., during first winter. Successional sowings of corn, peas, etc., may be made later than the dates given.
.
CALHOUN COUNTY
June 1
Early, March-April;
late, May-June
Early spring
4 x4)
1
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I LOSE $50,000 A YEAR
I could have it as easy as not. Would hardly have to lift a finger to get it. Yet, I let it go elsewhere.
Dozens of shady advertisers and quack medicines would pay almost any price for space in my Farm Journal if I would sell it. $50,000 is a small estimate of the amount I could get in a year.
But, they will never get a line. And, of course, I don't really lose that money. I make more than I lose, because by taking only the best advertisements and protecting my subscribers I gain at both ends.
YOU ARE MISSING SOMETHING
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ADDRESS
WILMER ATKINSON, Editor Farm Journal WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA
Wood & Woodruff
LUMBER AND COAL
CONTRACT WORK A SPECIALTY
ATHENS
. MICHIGAN
"Don't throw me away you'll need me bad some day"
We Weld and Repair Anything That's Metal
STEEL, IRON, ALUMINUM, COPPER, BRASS, BRONZE AND MALLEABLE FORGINGS, CAST- INGS, PIPES, TUBES, TANKS, RODS, BARS
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Nothing too small
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20 Short Street
BATTLE CREEK, MICH.
Both Phones
Fairbanks-Morse Kerosene Engine
You simply cannot get more engine value per dollar than you get when you huy either of the above engines. They are oil engines, built especially to use kerosene and other cheaper fuel as well as gasoline. Fix this in mind. The Type "Z" engines are not gasoline engines built over for oil-they are not gasoline engines with oil attachment. They are real oil engines that will use gasoline as well. Here's where you get your economy- these engines use kerosene so successfully that you get the same power from a gallon of kerosene as from a gallon of gasoline-and you save the difference in cost!
BUILT-IN MAGNETO-no battery trouble
Look at the picture. See how the Type "Z" is huilt to be self- contained - complete with fuel tank, cooling hopper and huilt-in magneto. The Type "Z" Engine is an efficient, complete power plant- built simply-few parts -yet strong to success- fully "stand up." Its light weight makes it a real portable engine. The built-in magneto pictured ahove elimin- ates batteries - means quick starting. The make and hreak igniter has an outside support on the movahle finger- the entire ignition sys- tem is simple, complete, positive, constant and reliable to give a fat
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WHY NOT TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE DEALER SERVICE IN BATTLE CREEK?
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WATTLES HARDWARE CO.
MOLINE, TEL. THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY MADE FAMOUS BY GOOD IMPLEMENTS IMPLEMENTS Not Made by a Trust
21-23 W. State Street
BATTLE CREEK, MICH.
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MICH.
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