USA > Michigan > Gazetteer of the State of Michigan, in three parts with a succinct history of the State, from the earliest period to the present time with an appendix, containing the usual statistical tables, and a directory for emigrants, &c > Part 10
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carried on no farther than the immediate wants of the set- tler absolutely require.
Several saline springs known to be of value exist within the State, but the manufacture of salt has been little attend- ed to till very recently ; their value having become known, enterprise and capital have been enlisted in the business. The " Clinton Salt Works" are among the most noted and valuable, and a company has been chartered to prosecute the business of manufacturing. (See Salines. )
The cultivation of the mulberry, and manufacture of silk, which is undoubtedly destined to be a lucrative busi- ness, are beginning to attract public attention, and prepara- tions are making to embark in the enterprise in various parts of the State.
Public attention has likewise been turned to the growing of the sugar beet, and to the manufacture of sugar from its root. This vegetable attains a large growth, and the manu- facture of sugar has been quite successful. The State has offered a bounty of two cents for every pound of beet sugar manufactured within the State. Legislative aid has also been given for the encouragement of the silk manufacture.
Ship and boat building has been carried on to a con- siderable extent at Detroit, Mt. Clemens, on the St. Joseph, and several points on the eastern and western coast. The number of manufactories of different descriptions within the State, in November, 1837, according to the census re- turns made to the Secretary of State's office, as is shown in a table appended to this work, was 114 grist mills, 433 saw mills, 23 carding machines, 12 cloth-dressing shops, one glass manufactory, and 16 distilleries. The returns were incomplete.
GOVERNMENT.
SYNOPSIS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN.
The Convention, which formed the present Constitution, met on the 2d Monday of May, 1835. The Constitution is, in general, similar to those of the other States of the Un-
111
OF MICHIGAN.
GOVERNMENT .- SYNOPSIS OF THE CONSTITUTION.
ion, and many of its provisions are literally the same. The first article is principally a rehearsal of the inherent rights of the people. The second article defines the qualifications of electors, and provides that all white male citizens above the age of 21 years, having resided in the State six months next preceding any election, shall be entitled to vote at the same, limited in the exercise of this right, to the district, county, or township in which they actually reside. All votes are to be given by ballot, except in cases specified. Electors are privileged from arrest during their attendance at elections, and in going and returning from the same, ex- cept in cases of treason, felony, or breach of the peace ;- they are likewise exempted from performing military duty on election days, except in time of war. The powers of Government are divided into three distinct departments -- the Legislative-the Executive-and the Judicial.
By the fourth article, the Legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives ; the number of mem- bers of the house is never to be less than 48-nor to ex- ceed 100; and the senate is to equal one third of the house, as nearly as may be. Representatives are to be chosen an- nually, on the first Monday of November and the following day ; each organized county to be entitled to at least one representative. Senators are elected for two years, and at the same time of the election of representatives.
The State is to be divided, at each new apportion- ment, into not less than four nor more than eight senatorial districts. The qualifications of representa- tives and senators are, simply, to be citizens of the United States, and to be qualified electors in the respective coun- ties and districts which they represent. Certain officers therein named are precluded from holding the office of sen- ator or representative. They are privileged from arrest and any civil process during the session of the legislature, except in cases of treason, felony, and breach of the peace. In all elections by either or both houses, votes are to be given viva voce. Every bill passed by the legislature must be presented to the Governor for approval. 'The Governor if he approve, must sign it; if not, he is required to return it to the house from whence it originated, with his objec- tions. The bill is then to be reconsidered by both houses successively, and if passed in each by a majority of two thirds, it becomes a law, without the signature of the Gov-
112
GAZETTEER
GOVERNMENT .- SYNOPSIS OF THE CONSTITUTION.
ernor. The bill may likewise become a law in the former case, by a retention of the same by the Governor for ten days after presentation. The legislature are to commence their session on the first Monday in January, and at no other time, except when directed by law or the constitution.
The Executive power is vested in a Governor and Lieu- tenant Governor, who hold their offices for the term of two years. They are each elected directly by the people. Their qualifications are, to be citizens of the United States five years, and of the State two years previous to their election. The Governor is commander in chief of the militia, army, and navy of the State. The Lieutenant Governor is, by virtue of office, president of the senate-and, in case of the death, resignation, absence from the State, or removal from office of the Governor, he is to discharge the duties of that office until such disability shall cease.
The Judicial power is vested in one supreme court and such other courts as the legislature may establish. The judges of the supreme court hold their offices for the term of seven years. They are nominated, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, appointed by the Gov- ernor. The supreme court appoint their own clerk or clerks. Each organized county is to have a court of pro- bate established in it ; and each organized township is enti- tled to four justices of the peace, who hold their offices for four years, and are elected by the qualified electors of the township. Judges of probate, judges of all county courts, associate judges of circuit courts, are to hold their offices four years respectively, and are to be elected in the same manner as the clerk of the county court-by the qualified electors of the county in which they reside.
Article seventh directs that there shall be a Secretary of State, Auditor General, Attorney General for the State, Prosecuting Attorney for each county, who shall hold their offices for two years, and receive their appointment from the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate. Their duties are prescribed by the Constitution and by law. There is to be a State Treasurer appointed by joint vote of the two honses of the legislature-holding his office for two years. There are to be a sheriff, county treasurer, one or more coroners, register of deeds, and county surveyor, to hold their offices for two years respect-
113
OF MICHIGAN.
CIVIL DIVISIONS.
ively, and to be chosen by the qualified electors of each of the several counties.
A Superintendent of Public Instruction is to be nomina- ted, and, by and with the consent of the legislature on joint vote, appointed by the Governor biennially. His duties are prescribed by law. Slavery and involuntary servitude are forbidden, except for the punishment of crimes. All offi- cers of the State-executive, legislative, and judicial-ex- cept such inferior officers as are exempted by law, before they enter upon the duties of their respective offices, are to take and subscribe an oath or affirmation, to support the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of this State, and to faithfully discharge the duties of their offices to the best of their ability. The government of the State is enjoined to encourage internal improvement and promote the cause of education. Acts of incorporation cannot be passed without the assent of at least two thirds of each house.
The legislature cannot pass bills of divorcement, but may authorize the higher courts to grant them. Lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets within the State are forbidden. The seat of government of the State is to be located at the city of Detroit until 1847, when it is to be permanently located by the legislature. The legislature is authorized to cause a census to be taken of the people of the State, in 1837, in 1845, and in every tenth year thereafter.
These are some of the principal features of the Consti- tution,-fraught, however, with other provisions equally liberal and honorable to its framers.
CIVIL DIVISIONS.
The State is divided into thirty-nine counties, the names and area of which will be found in a table in the Third. Part. The number of the Peninsular counties surveyed or in progress of survey, is, exclusive of Mackinac, 37, con- taining in the aggregate, 25,636 square miles, or about five- twelfths of the State. The balance, or seven-twelfths, which includes the counties of Mackinac and Chippewa, is.
10*
114
GAZETTEER
CIVIL DIVISIONS .- SENATORIAL DISTRICTS.
unsurveyed. Those counties at present laid out in the sur- veyed portion of the State, average 700 square miles each. If the balance of the State should be laid out according to the plan heretofore pursued, the counties of Mackinac and Chippewa have surface sufficient for 52 more counties, making in all 89, each of which, on an average, would con- tain 700 square miles. Each county is subdivided into townships, which mostly accord with the land surveys. They contain 36 square miles each. In some cases where the population is sparse, several surveyed townships are united into one organized township. Fractional townships are often included in the adjacent organized townships. The present number of organized townships is 317.
The policy of constituting these minor civil divisions in a State with adequate executive and judicial powers, vested in appropriate officers, is admirable for the purposes of gov- ernment, the support of internal police, and for the conven- ience of the people. The policy is of ancient origin, and its wisdom has been amply tested and approved, both in France and England. It has been adopted in New Eng- land generally, and it is believed in all the north-western States, except Illinois. Its comparative good effects in the different States, are observable in these respects, that those States in which it is adopted to the greatest extent, are most noted for their efficient police and good order.
There are two cities. viz : Detroit and Monroe, and 23 incorporated villages, viz :
· Ann Arbour,* Grand Rapids,
Pontiac,
Adrian, Jackson,*
Romeo,
Allegan, Kalamazoo, St. Joseph,
Centreville, Marshall, Tecumseh,
Clinton,
Mackinac,* Utica,
Coldwater, Mt. Clemens,
White Pigeon,
Constantine, Niles,
Dearbornville, Palmer,*
Ypsilanti.
Agreeably to the late act for the apportionment of Sena- tors and Representatives, the Legislature consists of 17 Senators and 52 Representatives.
Senatorial Districts. The State is divided into seven Districts, for the election of senators, as follows, viz : The first district consists of the county of Wayne, and elects
115
OF MICHIGAN.
CIVIL DIVISIONS .- APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES .-- JUDICIAL CIRCUITS.
two senators. The second district consists of the counties of Monroe, Lenawee, and Hillsdale, and elects three sena- tors. The third district consists of the counties of Oak- land, Lapeer, Genesee, Shiawasse, and Clinton, and elects three senators. The fourth district consists of the coun- ties of Macomb, St. Clair, Saginaw, Chippewa, and Macki- nac, and elects two senators. The fifth district consists of the counties of Washtenaw, Jackson, Livingston, and Ing- ham, and elects three senators. The sixth district consists of the counties of Kent, Ionia, Ottawa, Allegan, Barry, Eaton, Kalamazoo, and Calhoun, and elects two senators. The seventh district consists of the counties of St. Joseph, Branch, Berrien, Van Buren, and Cass, and elects two sen- ators to the legislature.
Apportionment of State Representatives. The county of Wayne is entitled to elect seven members to the house of representatives ; the county of Washtenaw, six; the county of Oakland, six ; the county of Lenawee, four ; the county of Macomb, three ; the county of Monroe, three ; the coun- ty of Kalamazoo, two; the county of Calhoun, two; the county of Jackson, two; the county of St. Joseph, two ; the counties of Cass and Van Buren, two; the counties of Livingston and Ingham, two; the county of Hillsdale, one ; the county of Branch, one ; the county of Lapeer, one ; the county of St. Clair, one; the county of Saginaw, one; the county of Chippewa, one; the county of Mackinac, one; the county of Berrien, one; the counties of Ionia, Kent, and Ottawa, one; the counties of Allegan, Barry, and Eaton, one; and the counties of Genesee, Shiawassee, and Clinton, one.
Judicial Circuits. The State, for judicial purposes, is divided into three circuits, in each of which, twice in a year, a court is held in each of the organized counties, by one of the three judges of the supreme court, who, by law, is allotted a particular circuit, and who, with two associate judges appointed in each county, constitutes the circuit court.
The First Circuit is composed of the counties of Wayne, Macomb, St. Clair, Lapeer, Mackinac, Chippewa, and the country attached to each of said counties for judicial pur- poses.
116
GAZETTEER
CLIMATE AND HEALTH.
The Second Circuit is composed of the counties of Mon- roe, Lenawee, Washtenaw, Oakland, Saginaw, Jackson, Hillsdale, and the country attached to each for judicial pur- poses.
The Third Circuit is composed of the counties of Branch, St. Joseph, Cass, Berrien, Kalamazoo, Allegan, Calhoun, Kent, and the country attached to each for judicial pur- poses .*
The chancery court, which has an independent jurisdic- tion from the courts of common law, is held by the chan- cellor, two sessions in a year, in each judicial circuit of the State, at the place appointed for holding the supreme court in each of the aforesaid circuits. The supreme court is the final court of appeal from the court of chancery.
CLIMATE AND HEALTH.
The extensive geographical limits of Michigan, naturally produce a local difference of temperature, and hence we have the climates of Upper and Lower Michigan. The dis- tinctive difference consists in the great extremes of heat and cold to which the former is subject, while the latter is mild and temperate; the one is exposed to quick and vio- lent changes, while the other has a more equable tempera- ture. The winters of the Upper Peninsula are generally long and cold-the summers short and often subject to in- tense heat. As is usual in such cases, the period of spring or autumn is brief, and the transition from winter to sum- mer and from summer to winter, rapid.
The register annexed, made at different military posts, in nearly the same latitude, exhibits a comparative state of the climate of Upper Michigan for three successive years. The observations were made by the surgeon attached to each post, by order of the war department, and may be im- plicitly relied upon for their correctness. The hours of ob- servation were 7 A. M. and 2 and 9 P. M. for each day in the three years stated. As to the position of Fort Brady,
* Unorganized counties attached to those organized, at the time of the- signing of the Constitution ..
117
OF MICHIGAN.
CLIMATE AND HEALTH.
in addition to its being located about 2° farther north than either of the other posts, it may be remarked, that it is situ- ated at the falls of the St. Mary's strait, and, from its con- · tiguity to Hudson's Bay, the open country intervening, the cold winds which course over the country direct from the ice that accumulates in and around the bay, together with the exposure to the winds of Lake Superior, must conse- quently give an aspect to the climate at that point, of great- er severity, than would be found in other portions of this Peninsula, unexposed to these influences. The position of Fort Howard, likewise, at the head of Green Bay, is ex- posed to the winds, blowing up the bay from the north-east, and over the extensive open country from the west and south-west. The larger portions of the Peninsula north of Saginaw Bay, and of the Upper Peninsula, must conse- quently be of a temperature much warmer than at either of those points. With these considerations, an inspection of the following table is the best comment upon the compara- tive climate of the northern part of Michigan, the coast of the Atlantic, and the regions lying upon the Mississippi, in the same latitude. (Vide also Upper Peninsula.)
1
118
GAZETTEER
CLIMATE AND HEALTH.
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER FOR 1823.
Fort Brady, (at Sault St. Marie, Upper Michigan,) Lat 46º 39', Long. 84º 43'. Elevation above tide water, 595 feet.
Fort Snelling, (junction St. Peter's and Mississippi rivers, Wisconsin,) Lat. 44º 53', Lon. 93º 08'. Elevation above tide water, 780 feet.
Fort Sullivan, (near Eastport, State of Maine,) Lat. 44° 44', Lon. 67º 04'. At tide water.
Fort Howard, (mouth Fox river, Wisconsin,) Lat. 44º 40', Lon. 87º 00' Above tide water, 600 fcet.
THERMOMETER.
Places of Observation.
Aggregate mean temperature
highest lowest degree.
range
Prevail ing winds
Prevail ing weath- er
Fort Brady,
22.10
52
6
58
N.
Snow.
Jan.
Fort Sullivan,
21.02
42
-10
52
N.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
19.74
42
-21
63
S.W.
Cl'dy.
Fort Brady,
9 47
24
-30
54
Fair.
Feb.
Fort Sullivan,
17.30
34
7
41
N.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
15.17
40
.38
78
N.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
20.48
54
.29
83
S.E.
Fair.
March,
Fort Sullivan,
28.91
51
7
58
S.
Fair.
Fort Brady,
39.69
68
8
60
S.E.
¡Fair.
April,
Fort Sullivan,
39.02
60
17
43
Fair.
Fort Howard,
42.60
76
5
71
N.E. Rain.
Fort Brady,
46.96
76
29
47
N.W. Fair.
May,
Fort Sullivan,
47.61
70
32
38
S.
|Fair.
Fort Howard,
52.23
76
30
46
N.E. Fair.
Fort Brady,
59.77
90
31
59
W.
Fair.
June,
Fort Sullivan,
54.73
84
39
45
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
66.01
100
32
68
N.E. Fair.
Fort Brady,
68.44
90
50
40
W.
Fair.
July,
Fort Sullivan,
62.67
88
50
38
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
71.73
94
50
44
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
64.17
88
42
46
W. Fair.
Aug.
Fort Sullivan,
62.22
90
52
38
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
69.09
86
54
32
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
53.20
74
31
43
W.
Rain.
Sept.
Fort Sullivan,
54.97
80
33
47
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
53 45
80
24
56
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
42.49
76
26
50
S.
Rain.
Oct.
Fort Sullivan,
47.36
66
30
36
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
42.56
74
16
58
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
29.72
48
6
42
Snow.
Nov.
Fort Sullivan,
31.65
51
8
43
N.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
29.91
56
8
48
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
19.69
51
8
59
Snow.
Dec.
Fort Sullivan,
28.30
45
0
45
N.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
20.06
42
-
8
50
S.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
25.98
54
21
75
S.W.
degree
-
119
OF MICHIGAN.
CLIMATE AND HEALTH.
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER FOR 1824.
THERMOMETER.
Places of Observation.
Aggregate mean temperature
highest lowest degree degree
range
Prevail ing winds
Prevail ing weath- er.
Fort Brady,
19.95
43
-21
64
S.E.
Fair.
Jan.
Fort Snelling,
17.17
42
-24
66
N.W. Fair.
Fort Sullivan,
20.91
40
1
41
W.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
24.45
44
2
46
S.W
Fair.
Fort Brady,
12.65
38
-33
71
IV. . Fair.
Feb.
Fort Sullivan,
21.11
47
-19
66
Fair. Fair.
Fort Howard,
17.95
52
-18
70
N.E. Fair.
Fort Brady,
25.19
54
-14
68
S.E. Fair.
March,
Fort Sullivan,
29.30
53
1
52
N.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
28.48
52
4
56
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
39.34
62
26
36
W.
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
41.78
73
25
48
S.W. Fair.
Fort Sullivan,
40.38
58
20
38
N.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
42.19
74
24
50
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
48.54
89
33
56
W.
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
56.29
89
27
62
S.W. Fair.
May,
Fort Sullivan,
46.07
64
32
32
Fair.
Fort Howard,
53.53
92
24
68
N.E.
Fair.
Fort Brady,
60.07
84
39
45
W.
Fair. Fair.
Fort Sullivan,
55.85
86
42
44
Fair.
Fort Howard,
65.12
100
38
62
Fair.
Fort Brady,
64.56
84
49
35
Fair.
July,
Fort Sullivan,
63.52
84
52
32
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
73.07
98
56
42
S.W. Fair.
[ Fort Brady,
62.87
81
51
30
W.
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
70.50
92
53
39
Fair.
Aug.
Fort Sullivan,
62.27
80
52
28
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
67.92
92
48
4.4
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
57,86
79
44
35
S.E.
Fair.
Sept.
Fort Sullivan,
56,69
82
42
40
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
59,54
90
32
58
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
42.61
67
31
36
W. Rain.
Oct.
Fort Sullivan,
45.33
66
30
36
N.W. Fair. -
Fort Howard,
42.52
70
24
46
S.W. Fair.
[Fort Brady,
31.35
48
17
31
S.E. Snow.
Nov.
Fort Snelling,
29.96
57
1
58
S.
CI'dy.
Fort Sullivan,
34.28
48
20
28
Cl'dy.
Fort Howard,
30,50
50
0
50
S.W. Cl'dy.
Fort Brady,
26.45
46
2
44
S.E. Snow.
Fort Snelling,
22.23
42
0
42
N. W. Cl'dy.
Fort Sullivan,
27.67
48
12
36
Fort Howard,
27.25
54
4
50
Is. W. Cl'dy
June,
Fort Snelling,
66.03
85
54
31
S. N.E. W.
Fort Snelling,
73.03
96
55
41
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
61.03
84
42
42
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
41.92
68
25
43
S. W. Cl'dy.
Dec.
Fort Snelling,
14,20
43
-27
70
S.W.
Fort Snelling,
23.86
57
-10
67
N. W. Fair.
April,
120
GAZETTEER
CLIMATE AND HEALTH.
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER FOR 1825.
THERMOMETER.
Places of observation.
Aggregate mean temperature
highest lowest degree
range
Prevailing
Prevailing
weather
Fort Brady,
18.73
36
-25
61
S.E.
Snow.
Jan.
Fort Sullivan,
21.18
44
- 4
48
Fair.
Fort Howard,
18.51
42
.12
54
S. W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
25.62
47
14
-61
S.E.
Snow.
Feb.
Fort Sullivan,
22.35
47
2
49
N.E.
Clo'dy
Fort Howard,
28.15
48
- 2
50
S.W.
Clo'dy
Fort Brady,
30.97
52
6
46
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
36.29
61
21
40
S.E.
Fair.
March,
Fort Sullivan,
32.92
53
14
39
N.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
34.05
60
18
42
N.E. Fair.
Fort Brady,
41.54
72
18
54
W. Fair.
Fort Snelling,
55.19
82
34
48
S.E. Fair.
April,
Fort Sullivan,
42.29
70
22
48
S.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
47.29
84
20
64
N.E. Fair.
Fort Brady,
52.55
80
30
50
S.E. |Fair.
May,
Fort Sullivan,
50.14
77
34
43
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
56.93
88
32
56
N.E.
Fair.
Fort Brady,
61.96
88
44
44
W.
Fair.
June,
Fort Sullivan,
60.97
92
46
46
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
69.26
94
46
48
Fair.
Fort Brady,
67.39
89
51
38
W.
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
75.54
92
54
38
S.W. Fair.
Fort Sullivan,
67.33
94
52
42
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
79.13
100
54
46
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
67.99
88
55
33
W.
Fair.
Fort Sullivan,
64.83
91
50
41
S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
68.56
100
54
46
Fair.
Fort Brady,
54.84
71
42
29
W.
Rain.
Fort Snelling,
62.87
79
43
36
S.W. Fair.
Sept.
Fort Sullivan,
56.57
79
41
38
N.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
56.55
83
32
51
S.W. Fair.
Fort Brady,
45.70
78
29
49
N. W. Fair.
Fort Snelling,
45.98
82
20
62
N.W. Fair.
Oct.
Fort Sullivan,
47.81
87
28
59
S.W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
48.95
84
20
64
S.W . Fair.
Fort Brady,
36.77
72
4
68
S.E. Fair.
Fort Snelling,
33.94
69
10
59
Fair.
Nov.
Fort Sullivan,
37.94
66
18
48
N. W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
37.25
76
6
70
S. W. Clo'dy
Fort Brady,
17.48
40
-21
61
S.E. Clo'dy
Fort Snelling,
14.36
40
0
40
N.W. Fair.
Dec.
Fort Sullivan,
28.33
50
-
5
55
W. Fair.
Fort Howard,
16.19
40
-25
65
S.W. Fair.
August
Fort Snelling,
73.01
89
59
30
S.W. Fair.
-
Fort Snelling,
60.90
83
42
41
S.E.
Rain.
Fort Snelling,
70.67
83
54
29
S.W, Clo'dy
-
July,
Fort Snelling,
14.84
38
- -14
52
S.E.
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
26.25
50
- -15
65
S.E.
Clo'dy
/
-
degree
winds
OF MICHIGAN.
CLIMATE AND HEALTH.
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.
AVERAGE FOR 1823.
THERMOMETER
Places of observa- tion
Aggregate mean temperature
Highest Lowest degree degree
Range
Prevailing wind
Prevailing weather
Fort Brady,
39.66
90
-30
120
Fort Sullivan,
41.25
90
- -10
100
W. N. W. S. W.
Fair. Fair.
Fort Howard,
42.38
100
-38
138
Fair.
AVERAGE FOR 1824.
Fort Brady,
40.94
89
-33
122
W. S. W.
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
43.17
96
-27
123
Fair.
Fort Sullivan,
41.66
86
-19
105
N. W.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
44.37
100
-18
118
S. W.
Fair.
AVERAGE FOR 1825.
Fort Brady,
43.52
89
-25
114
S. E.
Fair.
Fort Snelling,
47.51
92
-15
107
N. W.
Fair.
Fort Sullivan,
44.39
94
- 5
99
N. W.
-
Fair.
Fort Howard,
46.70
100
-25
125
S. W.
Fair.
AVERAGE OF THE OBSERVATIONS AT EACH POST,
FOR THE YEARS 1822-3-4 AND 5.
Fort Brady,*
41.37
90
-33
123
Fair.
Fort Snelling, t
45.00
96
-29
125
Fair.
Fort Sullivan,
42.44
94
-19
113
W. N. W. S.
Fair.
Fort Howard,
44.50
100
-38
138
S. W.
Fair
* Not included in the report for 1822.
t Not included in the report for 1823.
11
121
1 22
GAZETTEER
CLIMATE AND HEALTH .- WEATHER.
TABLE OF WEATHER FOR 1823.
Number | Number| Number Number!
Places of observation
fair days
cloudy days
rainy days
snowy days
Number days of observation
Fort Brady,
154
37
94
74
359
Fort Sullivan,
213
105
30
17
365
Fort Howard,
176
110
43
36
365
TABLE OF WEATHER FOR 1824.
Fort Brady,
166
38
93
69
366
Fort Snelling,
195
87
59
24
366
Fort Sullivan,
211
111
35
9
366
Fort Howard,
204
84
56
22
366
TABLE OF WEATHER FOR 1825.
Fort Brady,
162
43
95
65
365
Fort Snelling,
194
64
88
19
365
Fort Sullivan,
215
120
24
6
365
Fort Howard,
215
76
56
18
365
To form correct conclusions respecting the climate of any assigned section of country, it is necessary, that exten- sive observations should be scientifically taken, by qualified and responsible persons, at the same times, under (as near as possible) the same local influences, and during several consecutive years. Observations taken without attention to these, or at least some of these particulars, are unwor- thy of reliance. Even the position of the thermometer is important. Two instruments, equally graduated, placed in proximity to substances conducting caloric in different de- grees, will give, at any given place of observation, results, at variance with each other, in proportion to the strength of those influences. It is equally important that observations should continue for a series of years, as a succeeding year, or month, at any place, is subject to greater or less atmos- pheric variation from the one preceding it.
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