USA > Michigan > Livingston County > History of Livingston County, Michigan, with illustrations and biographical sketches > Part 25
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Companies E, C, and F.
Sergeant J. W. Anderson, Deerfield, Company E; enlisted Sep- tember 19, 1863; mustered out September 22, 1865.
James S. Barkman, Tyrone, Company E; enlisted April 4, 1865; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Charles W. Cate, Green Oak, Company E; enlisted March 18, 1865; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Richard Butler, Hamburg, Company C; enlisted March 18, 1865; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Charles E. Cushing, Brighton, Company F; enlisted March 17, 1865; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Romanzo Sawyer, Hamburg, Company C; enlisted March 8, 1865; died of disease at Knoxville, May 8, 1865.
Jno. McNamee, Green Oak, Company F; enlisted March 29, 1865; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Company G.
Thomas Addison, Brighton, enlisted October 28, 1863; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Myron Buck, Hamburg, enlisted September 21, 1863; mustered out July 20, 1865. James Cust, Hamburg, enlisted September 23, 1863; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Gilbert Drown, Brighton, enlisted November 3, 1863; mustered out August 10, 1865.
William W. Pentlin, Brighton, enlisted September 8, 1863; mus- tered out May 24, 1865.
Bronson C. Soule, Brighton, enlisted March 17, 1865; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Nelson G. Tupper, Green Oak, enlisted November 6, 1863; mus- tered out September 22, 1865.
Corporal William Wynn, Hamburg; enlisted September 23, 1863 ; mustered out May 13, 1865.
Company I.
James A. Cavell, Hamburg, enlisted March 24, 1865; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Lyman Cate, Green Oak, enlisted March 18, 1865; mustered out June 15, 1865.
Richard Maltby, Green Oak, enlisted March 18, 1865; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Albert R. Maltby, Green Oak, enlisted March 18, 1865; died of disease at Knoxville, Tennessee, April 26, 1865.
Freeman Sackner, Cohoctah, Company I; enlisted November 2, 1863; mustered out September 22, 1865.
Company L.
Corporal Jno. Smith, Hamburg, enlisted September 5, 1863; died of disease, July 31, 1864, at Covington, Kentucky.
FIRST MICHIGAN SHARPSHOOTERS.
George Demarest, Handy, Company B; enlisted February 14, 1863; died in Salisbury, North Carolina, February 8, 1865. William Dingman, Handy, Company E; mustered out July 28, 1865.
William Gott, Handy, Company B; enlisted February 12, 1863; mustered out July 28, 1865.
Thomas D. McCall, Handy, Company B; enlisted February 21, 1863; mustered out July 28, 1865.
William W. Sly, Handy, Company B; enlisted February 10, 1863 ; mustered out July 28, 1865.
Peter Stevens, Handy; enlisted February 11, 1863; mustered out July 28, 1865.
ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND UNITED STATES COLORED TROOPS.
First Lieutenant Samuel B. Curtis, Howell; November 23, 1863; resigned August 13, 1864.
John A. Foster, Putnam, Company A ; enlisted February 28, 1865; mustered out September 30, 1865.
James Finley, Unadilla, Company D; enlisted March 8, 1865; mustered out September 30, 1865.
Amos S. Grayson, Company A ; died in Beaufort, South Carolina, May 16, 1865.
Richard Philips, Hartland, Company K; enlisted January 5, 1864 ; mustered out September 30, 1865.
UNITED STATES SHARPSHOOTERS.
First Lieutenant Luther H. Frink, Howell, Company I; Decem- ber 14, 1864.
CHAPTER XIII.
AGRICULTURE-FARMERS' ASSOCIATIONS- POPULATION.
Early Agriculture in Livingston-Cattle-Improved Breeds- Sheep-Breeding-Pure-Blooded Sheep-First Livingston County Agricultural Society-Present Agricultural Society of the County -Livingston County Horse Association-Livingston County Mutual Fire Insurance Company-Livingston County Council, Patrons of Husbandry-Population of the County at Different Periods.
EARLY AGRICULTURE IN LIVINGSTON.
THE earliest agriculture of Livingston was in no respect different from that of other counties of the State, where, as in this, the pioneer immigrants were largely from the " Genesee Country" of West- ern New York,-that fertile region which had been
I21
AGRICULTURE.
reputed to surpass all others in richness of soil and adaptability to the purposes of agriculture, par- ticularly to the production of wheat. Emigrants from that section invariably gauged the new coun- tries to which they went by comparison with that which they had left; and to them the one princi- pal proof of the excellence of a soil was its capa- bility to produce wheat,-as much wheat in quantity and as good wheat in quality as could be raised on the same area of land in that garden-spot of the world, the Genesee Valley of New York. And in their application of this test to the county of Liv- ingston the result was so satisfactory that some of them avowed the belief that the new country was equal to the old in this most essential particular.
The first care of the farmers who came to till the virgin soil was, of course, to provide subsistence for their families, and so the first crops which they planted or sowed in the openings, or in the small clearings in the timber, were exclusively such as were required for this purpose, and chief among these was wheat. Potatoes and other esculents were provided for, but the article of prime neces- sity was wheat, and to it a great proportion of the tilled area was devoted. The abundant crops which they obtained at once relieved their necessities and placed them beyond the reach of possible want, and then, from the surplus of the first and succeeding crops, they began to realize a revenue in money, though the very redundancy of the yield of wheat in this and adjoining sections of the country brought the price so low at times that the remuneration for the labor of raising, harvesting, hand-threshing, and transporting the grain to a distant market* seemed discouragingly small. The experience of later years, however, has shown that the immigrant farmers of the early days were not far from right in their estimate of the importance of wheat cul- ture upon such a soil as that of Livingston County, where its constantly increasing, and almost uni- formly successful, cultivation has been the founda- tion of so large a proportion of the agricultural wealth and prosperity.
Below are given statistics of the wheat produc- tion of Livingston County at several periods, from 1837 to 1873. as shown by the census reports of the years next following the dates given, viz .:
Bushels.
Wheat harvested in 1837 ..
40,835
1839
84,943
1849
303,594
66
1853
360,425
06
66
1859
273,545
* It was sometimes the case that farmers of Livingston County, after hauling their wheat over the long and weary road to Ann Arbor, were compelled to sell it there at three shillings a bushel. These were extreme cases, and it was not very often that wheat sold in that town at less th 'n fifty cents per bushel.
Bushels.
Wheat harvested in 1863 ..
290,734
1869.
671,969
1873
568,580
The following are the statistics of the Indian corn product of Livingston County in the years mentioned :
Bushels.
Corn raised in Livingston in 1837 19,483
1839
82,081
1849.
173,197
66
1853
200,779
1859
268,743
66
1863.
317,896
66
1873.
511,568
The total amount of all other grains than wheat and corn raised in the county in 1873 was four hun- dred and thirty-eight thousand five hundred and twenty-one bushels.
CATTLE.
There are few counties in which, at the time of their early settlement, the number of cattle was as great in proportion to the number of inhabitants as it was in Livingston. This was due to the fact that the great quantity of wild-marsh grasses found here furnished food on which animals could be kept from the first without waiting for the produc- tion of grain or fodder from tilled land. This fact was discovered by those who prospected the county to make their selections and enter their lands, and so when they returned, bringing their families, nearly all of them brought also a number of horned cattle,-some having no more than a yoke of oxen, others having more, and some as many as ten or twelve head, including oxen, cows, and young stock ; so that in the year 1840, only four years after immigrants began to arrive here in any consider- able numbers, the number of neat cattle in the county (as shown by the census returns of that year) was seven thousand nine hundred and thirty- one. Three years later, the old Livingston County Agricultural Society offered separate premiums for different classes of cattle, and about 1846 the stock of the county had so much increased that droves of cattle were collected in Livingston, and taken hence to Buffalo for the Eastern market. One of the first of these droves-if not the very first-was purchased by Almon Whipple and William Dor- rance, of Howell, in 1845 or 1846, and disposed of in the East.
IMPROVED BREEDS.
The first cattle of imported breed introduced into the county were a few Devons, purchased about 1848, from Mr. Crippen, a rather famous breeder, of Coldwater, Michigan, by David B. Power, of Hamburg. After breeding these for about ten years, Mr. Power procured a fine Dur- ham bull, and bred the Durham-Devon cross for
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
about five years, until he had a herd of consider- able size. At that time he sold his herd to his son-in-law, William Ball, of Hamburg.
About the same time that Mr. Power purchased his first Devons, or a little later, Mr. John Sellers, of Deerfield, also purchased a few of the same breed, and became the owner of a small herd.
Mr. C. L. Crouse, of Hartland, brought in three or four pure Durhams from New York State about 1855; and Mr. Wakeman, of the same town, also bred a small herd of Durhams-all bulls. Mr. Crouse increased his purchase to quite a numerous herd, but this has since been dispersed. From the herds above mentioned came most of the blooded stock in the county down to the year 1860.
The records of the Agricultural Society, from 1854 to 1860, show a large number of names of persons who received premiums on, or entered, improved stock in the exhibitions of the society during the years mentioned. The names given be- low are taken from those records, and printed here as showing who were among the principal of the breeders of such stock at that time. It is proper, however, to say that very few of the ani- mals were pure bloods, even when mentioned as such :
1854 .- Premiums on short-horns, to Charles P. Bush, George Taylor, Loren Boutell, J. B. Ham- mond, P. L. Smith. On crosses of full blood, to William Sexton, Job Cranston, G. B. Armstrong, Thomas B. Brooks, D. Case, William Stedman. On Devons, to Ralph Fowler and D. B. Power.
1856 .- Premiums on full-blood cattle, to Daniel Jackson, Luther Boyden, William Placeway, J. Nichols, J. S. Bliss, Austin Wakeman, James R. Sage, L. E. Beach & Co., Job Cranston, John Griffon, D. B. Power, L. C. Crittenden. On grades, to Ely Barnard, W. C. Shaft, Sanford Marble, C. L. Crouse, R. F. Glass, Mrs. A. P. Jewett, L. E. Beach, Jr., Austin Wakeman.
1857 .- Entries of Devons and Durhams, by James R. Sage, J. Brown & Co., Daniel Harpley, William Steadman, L. C. Crittenden, Austin Wake- man, D. B. Power, E. Buckel, K. S. Bingham, Wil- liam Placeway, C. W. Burwell, R. H. Bennett, Job Cranston.
1858 .- Entries of short-horns, by D. B. Power, R. Wrigglesworth, K. W. Bingham, Austin Wake- man, George W. Peck, C. L. Crouse, R. Bigham. Entries of Devons, by D. B. Power, William Ball, J. O. Fonda, J. J. Bennett, Jr., William Placeway. Entries of full-blood foreign cattle, by J. B. Arms, H. Masson, and C. A. Jeffries.
1859 .- Entries of short-horns, by C. L. Crouse, K. W. Bingham, A. Wakeman, E. Buckel, R. Wrigglesworth, Entries of Devons, by W. G.
Smith, D. B. Power, William Ball, J. O. Fonda, J. J. Bennett, Jr., R. H. Bennett, R. Bigham.
1860 .- Entries of short-horns, by W. Sexton, R. Wrigglesworth, E. Buckel, F. S. Wyckoff, A. Wakeman, D. Sherwood, J. B. Skilbeck, Alva Pres- ton, George Coleman. Entries of Devons, by B. G. and W. M. Smith, and William Ball.
Soon after the purchase of Mr. D. B. Power's herd- by William Ball, as above mentioned, the latter gentleman disposed of all these animals with the intention of breeding pure short-horns and none other, an object which he has since fully carried out. He has bred and sold large numbers of these cattle, and has now a herd of about forty head on his farm in Hamburg. The other breeders of pure Durhams in Livingston County are as follows : Alexander McPherson, of Howell, has a fine herd; Ephraim J. Hardy and son, of Oceola, a herd of about ten head; Charles Fishbeck, of Genoa, a herd of about twenty; Horace Halbert, of Conway, a herd-number not known; Heman Bump, of Howell, the same; B. F. Batchelor, of Oceola, a small herd; Aaron Holt, of the same township, a herd-number not known; L. K. Beach, of Marion, a fine herd, from which he has recently made public sales ; Charles Love, of Put- nam, Carroll Woods, of Green Oak, Thomas Granger, of the same township, W. and F. Hyne, of Brighton, and Richard Wrigglesworth, of Con- way, all have small herds of the same breed. George Coleman, of Marion, has a few Galloways, and Ebenezer Kellogg, of Oceola, has a small herd of Ayrshires. The owners of fine crosses and grades in the county are too numerous to mention separately.
SHEEP-BREEDING.
Sheep-raising and wool-growing were among the earliest of the agricultural industries in Liv- ingston, being entered into to some extent by the farmers of the county soon after settlement, and generally, as soon as their circumstances had been improved and the comfort of their families assured, by the production of a few crops of wheat and other necessaries. In 1840 there were nineteen hundred and three sheep in the county, as shown by the census report of that year, and the wool product was three thousand nine hundred and forty-five pounds. In 1850 the wool produced in the county was, as reported, eighty-six thousand six hundred and eighty-six pounds, and the whole number of sheep had increased to thirty-two thou- sand two hundred and eighty-two. In 1860 the number of sheep reported was fifty-six thousand six hundred and eighty-one, and the wool-clip in the county had increased to one hundred and sixty-
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AGRICULTURE.
seven thousand and twenty-eight pounds. In 1864 the number of sheep reported was one hundred and two thousand two hundred and sixteen over six months old, and the pounds of wool shorn three hundred and fifty-eight thousand five hun- dred and eighty-six. The last census (that of 1874) shows that ninety thousand four hundred and eighty sheep were shorn in the county in the pre- vious year, and that the wool produced was four hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and seventy-one pounds.
Sheep-breeding and wool-growing at the present time, although not prosecuted with as much of en- thusiasm as during the period of inflated prices produced by the war of the Rebellion, is still a leading agricultural industry in Livingston County ; and it must remain a profitable one, if the product and prices of future years should prove equal to those of 1879.
PURE-BLOODED SHEEP.
Among the first Merino sheep brought into Liv- ingston County were those introduced, about 1848, by David B. Power and Ira Jennings. The latter gentleman brought in several Spanish Merinos from Vermont, and bred them successfully until his death, after which it was continued by his son till about 1860, when his flock was sold to William Ball, of Hamburg.
The sheep introduced by Mr. Power were French Merinos, purchased in Washtenaw County from a flock which had been brought there by Mr. Patter- son from New York State. Mr. Power bred these with Spanish Merinos, and continued breeding them until about 1860, when Mr. Ball also pur- chased his flock, as he had about the same time purchased that of Mr. Jennings; and he has kept the flock up, and replenished it by purchases, until the present time. His purchases have been made principally from the Moore, the Rich, the Totting- ham, and the Burwell flocks in Addison County, Vermont. He has now a flock of between two hundred and three hundred sheep, all of pure blood, and so registered.
All the history of the introduction of pure- blooded Merinos into Livingston County, and of the breeding of them for a number of years after- wards, is included in the above mention of the purchases of the Spanish and French sheep by Mr. Jennings and Mr. Power, respectively, and of their subsequent purchase, and the continuation of the business by Mr. Ball, of Hamburg. In later years the following-named breeders have become the owners of thoroughbred flocks entitled to registration, viz. :
About six years ago, Ephraim J. Hardy & Son,
of Oceola, purchased twenty-five improved Span- ish Merinos from Mr. Ball, and supplemented this purchase by another of about fifty animals from the noted flocks in Addison County, Vermont. They now have a fine flock of about two hun- dred.
Ebenezer Kellogg, of Oceola, commenced at about the same time with Mr. Hardy. His pur- chases have all been made from Mr. Ball, and his flock now numbers about one hundred sheep.
Mr. E. Merithew, of the same township, has also a flock of fine Spanish Merinos.
Henry T. Ross, of Brighton, commenced breed- ing some six or eight years since. His purchases were from the Martin flock, of Rush, Monroe County, New York, and from Mr. Ball. He has now a flock of more than fifty thoroughbreds, be- sides a number of fine high-grade sheep.
Henry Doane has a thoroughbred flock of about fifty sheep, bred from some ten or twelve originally purchased from Mr. Ball.
Horace Halbert, of Conway, Lyman K. Beach, of Marion, and William Smith, of Oceola, have recently commenced in pure bloods, and each of these gentlemen has now a flock of fine sheep.
There are, perhaps, some other small flocks of thoroughbreds in the county, but it is believed that those above mentioned comprise all or very nearly all which are strictly of pure blood.
Not much has been done in the county in the way of breeding coarse-wool sheep, but there are several farmers who breed them, and among these may be mentioned Mr. Wesley Garlock, of Genoa, who has some fine Leicesters and Hampshire Downs.
THE FIRST LIVINGSTON COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
There are now but few persons in Livingston County who are aware that, some years prior to the formation of the present county agricultural society, there existed here an older organization under the same name, and which included in its membership some of the most prominent farmers of the county. The fact, however, is unquestion- able that such a society had an existence of sev- eral years, and it seems probable that its com- mencement was in the year 1841 or 1842.
In the Livingston Courier, of May 10, 1843, there appeared a notice, having reference to the business of this old society, as follows :
"Livingston County Agricultural Society.
" The Executive Committee of the Livingston County Agricultural Society for 1843 held their first meeting, on call of the president, at the school- house, in the village of Howell, on the second day
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HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
of May. Present : Rial Lake, Esq., president of the society, and Messrs. Glover, Gay, O. J. Smith, J. W. Smith, and Pierce, of the committee. The premium list for 1843 was made out, revised, and ordered to be published, as follows :
For the best acre of
Second Best.
Wheat
$3.00
$1.50
Corn.
2 00
1.00
Oats
1.00
50
Potatoes.
1.00
50
One half-acre flax.
1.00
50
" rutabagas.
1.00
50
One quarter-acre carrots.
50
25
" breeding-mare
2.00
1.00
" pair working-horses.
2.00
1.00
colt, with regard to age, under three years old
2.00
1.00
bull.
2.00
1.00
working-cattle
2.00
1.00
cow
1.00
50
calf.
50
25
pair three-year old steers.
2.00
1.00
buck
2.00
1.00
ewe
1.00
50
specimen (not less than fifty pounds) of cheese ..
1.00
" butter (ten pounds).
1.00
" piece of woolen cloth (not less than five yards) manufactured in the county .. ....
2.00
" piece of linen cloth (five yards) .. 1.00
managed farm, considering all circum- stances.
4.00
" By order of the Committee.
"GEORGE W. JEWETT, " Recording Secretary."
In the same newspaper, under the date of March 20, 1844, appeared a notice of a meeting of the Livingston County Agricultural Society, to be held in the Presbyterian church in Howell, on the ninth of the following month; with the announcement that " Addresses appropriate to the occasion may be expected.
" By order of the Executive Committee, " GEORGE W. JEWETT, Secretary."
No subsequent allusion to this society or to any of its transactions has been found. It seems a little remarkable that these matters, and even the fact of the existence of the society, should have so com- pletely faded from the memories of the many per- sons still living in the county who were at that time of mature age, and actively engaged in agri- cultural pursuits.
THE PRESENT LIVINGSTON COUNTY AGRICUL- TURAL SOCIETY.
On Thursday, the twenty-fourth of February, 1853, a meeting of farmers and others, citizens of Livingston County, was held at the court-house in Howell, pursuant to a previously published call, for the purpose of forming a county agricultural society. The meeting being organized by the choice of Freeman Webb, Jr., as Chairman, and James M. Murray, Secretary, a resolution offered by W. A. Buckland, declaring "That it is expedient
at the present time to organize a County Agri- cultural Society," was adopted without a dissenting voice; and, on motion made by E. F. Burt, and approved by the meeting, the chair appointed a committee of seven to report a constitution for such a society. This committee-composed of E. F. Burt, W. A. Buckland, Loren Boutell, J. R. Good- rich, R. C. Rumsey, A. W. Olds, and V. R. T. An- gel-reported a constitution, which was adopted, and of which the first two articles were as follows :
" ARTICLE I .- This society shall be called The Liv- ingston County Agricultural Society, auxiliary to the Michigan State Agricultural Society, and the same is organized and established for the encouragement and advancement of agriculture, manufactures, and the mechanic arts.
" ARTICLE 2 .- Any person may become a member of this society by signing the constitution and paying one dollar into the treasury, and may continue a member by paying annually thereafter the sum of fifty cents .* Life memberships may be obtained on payment of the sum of ten dollars ; and all certificates of member- ship shall include the family of the person to whom they are given. The officers elected upon the organi- zation of the society shall be considered members for one year."
After the adoption of the constitution, the first officers of the society were elected as follows :
President, Ira Jennings, Green Oak.
Vice-Presidents. Job Cranston, Brighton.
David Bush, Conway.
Loren Boutell, Deerfield.
Royal C. Rumsey, Green Oak,
Ely Barnard, Genoa.
Chauncey L. Crouse, Hartland.
Marvin Gaston, Handy.
Stoddard W. Twichell, Hamburg.
Odell J. Smith, Howell.
Daniel Person, Iosco.
E. N. Fairchild, Marion.
Joel B. Rumsey, Oceola.
Freeman Webb, Jr., Putnam.
Jacob Kanouse, Tuscola (now Cohoctah).
John C. Salisbury, Tyrone.
V. R. T. Angel, Unadilla.
Treasurer, Wm. A. Buckland. Secretary, Elijah F. Burt.
Executive Committee.
Nelson G. Isbell.
Ephraim J. Hardy.
James M. Murray. John How.
Alonzo W. Olds.
* Amended to read " seventy five/ cents," October 10, 1856.
Best stud-horse
3.00
1.50
125
AGRICULTURE.
The following is a list of the members of the society in the first year of its existence :
L. Judson.
L. C. Pratt.
Joseph F. Jennings. J. B. Hammond. M. Bird.
C. A. Jeffries.
I. H. Jones.
T. Bridgeman.
William McCauley.
Nelson G. Isbell.
Harvey Rhodes.
B. B. Durfee.
R. H. Bennett. Sherman Bennett.
David Gallatian.
W. Sears.
A. Campbell.
J. J. Bennett, Jr. Daniel Case.
E. Case.
Kinsley S. Bingham.
J. Paddock. Peter Kanouse.
N. L. Emory.
Simeon Lawrence.
John S. Johnson.
M. McCabe.
William H. Bennett.
Gardner Bird.
Jacob Sigler. A. L. Munsell.
C. L. Crouse.
B. Carpenter. E. S. Field.
O. H. Winegar. William Waits.
Aaron Monroe.
A. R. Crouse.
G. W. Cropsey.
Albert Tooley.
Victory W. Gay.
Nicholas Kriseler.
George W. Peck.
L. B. Fonda.
Charles P. Bush.
Patrick Bogan.
A. F. Albrecht.
L. C. Pratt.
N. Gilks.
Simon Abrams.
S. W. Twichell. William Olsaver. Charles Smith.
J. Brown.
E. N. Fairchild.
William Placeway.
M. D. L. Townsend.
J. B. Kneeland. S. S. Moore.
Jacob Fishbeck.
William Valentine.
H. C. Briggs.
S. Morgan. George Gready.
W. S. Conely.
S. Warner. J. Cordley. N. House.
F. J. Lee.
D. Dexter.
Lee Nutt.
Hannibal Lee.
E. W. Grant.
Floyd Williams.
J. H. Galloway.
Ira P. Bingham.
David Bush.
William Morse.
Stephen M. Winans.
Job Cranston. R. S. Hall.
James Swiney. John Monohan.
C. W. Pease.
William W. Dean.
Jacob Kanouse.
Warren Parker.
William D. Corson.
Isaac W. Appleton.
James Hammill.
R. D. Power.
James McLaughlin.
William White.
L. K. Hewett.
Joseph Hodgman.
William Jubb.
A. C. Noble.
Smith Henry.
Smith Tindale.
O. A. Fuller.
T. J. Rice.
Morris Bennett. E. Holloway.
L. Foote.
Van Rensselaer T. Angel.
B. G. Smith.
P. W. Dey.
J. F. Harrington. Jesse Marr.
A. P. Dickinson.
T. B. Brooks.
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