History of Livingston County, Michigan, with illustrations and biographical sketches, Part 51

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The first assessment roll was completed early in the summer of 1838, and the following tabulated statement describes the names of the resident tax- payers, their lands, etc. :

Names.

Section. Acres.

Valuation of Real Estate.

Alanson Knickerbocker.

.19, 20

200

$600

Samuel Conklin

240

Albert Knickerbocker.

120

Benjamin HI. Briggs.

19, 20

160

480

Alanson Church.

240

Seymour Norton

240

Dennis Conrad.

33, 34

120

360

Names.

Section. Acres. Valuation of Real Estate.

William Nash

$141

Elijah Gaston.

249

John B. La Rowe ..

240

Richard P. Bush

240

John Bush ..

138

Calvin Handy

240

720

Waity Smith

240

John B. Fowler.

124

372

George Austin

240

Harvey Metcalf.

240

720

William Bumfrey

240

Ralph Fowler

10, 11, 15

460

1380

John B. Fowler.

320

960

Stephen Avery ..

240

James E. Head.

240

William Benjamin

160

480

Victory Curtis and Almon Whipple

120

Curtis and Whipple.

120

Hannah Knickerbocker

240

Alanson Knickerbocker

240

Hannah Knickerbocker.

103

309

The total amount of tax levied was $268.13.

HIGHWAYS.

The first highway laid by the authorities of Handy was surveyed by Amos 'Adams, June 7, 1838, and described as follows : "Beginning at the corners of sections eleven, twelve, thirteen, and fourteen in the township of Handy, and running thence north on the section line one mile to the corners of sections one, two, eleven, and twelve in said town. Magnetic variation, three degrees, forty-five minutes."

On the same day a road described as " Begin- ning at the corners of sections ten, eleven, four- teen, and fifteen, township of Handy, and running thence south on section line one mile to the cor- ners of sections fourteen, fifteen, twenty-two, and twenty-three in said town," was surveyed and laid out by the same authority.

On the following day a road described as " Be- ginning on the corners of sections twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty-two, and thirty-three, in the township of Handy, and running thence west on section line one mile, sixty-two chains, fifty links, to the corners of sections thirty and thirty-one in said town."

TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

The following is a complete list of the officers elected in the township of Handy, for the years from 1838 to 1879, inclusive :

SUPERVISORS.

1838, Ralph Fowler; 1839, Calvin Handy; 1840, Ralph Fowler; 1841, John Bush; 1842, Richard P. Bush ; 1843, Calvin Handy ; 1844-46, Ralph Fowler; 1847, John T. Watson ; 1848, Benjamin W. Lawrence; 1849, Ralph Fowler; 1850, Benjamin W. Lawrence ; 1851-52, John A. Tanner; 1853, Benjamin W. Lawrence; 1854-58, John A. Tanner ;* 1859- 60, Henry N. Spencer; 1861-62, Seth H. Judd ; 1863-64, Al- exander H. Benedict; 1865-66, John A. Tanner ; 1867, Seth H. Judd; 1868-70, John A. Tanner; 1871-72, Seth H.

* Resigned in December, 1858; Henry N. Spencer appointed to fill vacancy.

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242

HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY, MICHIGAN.

Judd ; 1873-74, John A. Tanner ; 1875, Seth H. Judd ; 1876, Spiridon S. Abbott ; 1877-78, John A. Tanner ; 1879, Ed- win Nichols.

TOWNSHIP CLERKS.

1838, Richard P. Bush ; 1839, Almon Whipple ; 1840, Seymour Norton ; 1841, Richard P. Bush ; 1842, John A. Tanner; 1843, Seymour Norton ; 1844-45, David C. Griswold ; 1846, Seymour Norton ; 1847, John A. Tanner; 1848-52, John T. Watson; 1853, John A. Tanner ; 1854, Josiah Turner; 1855-56, Truman D. Fish ; 1857-59, Eri M. Spencer ; 1860- 66, George W. Palmerton ; 1867-70, William C. Spencer; 1871, James P. Spencer; 1872, Walter Fowler; 1873, James P. Spencer ; 1874, Walter Fowler; 1875-76, James P. Spen- cer ; 1877, Charles E. Spencer; 1878, Willard H. Hess; 1879, William B. Gale.

TREASURERS.

1838, none elected ; 1839-42, John B. Fowler ;* 1843, Orson Swift ; 1844, John A. Tanner; 1845. Orson Swift; 1846, William Marsh ; 1847-49, John M. Jones ; 1850, John A. Tanner ; 1851-54, Ruel Randall; 1855, Caleb T. Power; 1856-58, Benjamin W. Lawrence ; 1859, Pierson W. Dey ; 1860-62, Ruel Randall; 1863-64, Peter P. Carmer; 1865- 66, Charles L. Collins ; 1867-68, Samuel Conklin; 1869, Calvin Mather ; 1870, Seth H. Judd; 1871-72, Amos Bar- nard; 1873-74, Joel S. Briggs; 1875, John C. Ellsworth ; 1876-77, Joshua Dunn; 1878, Judson A. Canfield; 1879, Orville H. Jones.

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

Richard P. Bush, William Benjamin, John B. Fowler, Seymour Norton, 1838; Dennis Conrad, 1839; Seymour Norton, Ralph Fowler, 1840; John B Fowler,t 1841; Orson Swift, 1842; Richard P. Bush (in place of Ralph Fowler, resigned), Sey- mour Norton (in place of Dennis Conrad, moved away Aug. I, 1842), and John M. Jones (in place of John B. Fowler, de- ceased), September, 1842; Seymour Norton, John M. Jones, Ralph Fowler, 1843; Ralph Fowler, 1844; Benjamin W. Lawrence, 1845; David C. Griswold, 1846; William P. Grover, 1847; William H. Fowler, 1848; Benjamin W. Lawrence, 1849; John A. Coniway, William H. Evans, 1850; Orson Church, 1851 ; William H. Fowler, 1852; Wm. A. Dorrance, 1853; Samuel Conklin, Ralph Fowler, 1854; Orson Church, James H. Myers, 1855; William H. Fowler, Henry N. Spencer, 1856; Peter P'. Carmer, Truman D. Fish, 1857; Orlando A. Fuller, 1858; John P. Hildreth, Caleb T. Power, 1859 ; Jerome Church, 1860; Ralph Fowler, Benjamin W. Lawrence, 1861 ; John Huston, 1862; John P. Hildreth, Daniel R. Glenn, 1863; Jerome Church, 1864; Ralph Fowler, John P. Hildreth, 1865; Alexander H. Benedict, 1866; Benjamin H. Briggs, 1867; Jerome Church, Henry N. Spen- cer, 1868; George W. Palmerton, Jefferson Weller, 1869; Daniel R. Glenn, 1870; Ilugh Conklin, 1871; George W. Palmerton (elected in November, 1871, to fill vacancy), Henry S. Worthington, Jefferson H. Weller, 1872; John A. Tanner (elected November, 1872, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of D. R. Glenn), Jared L. Cook, 1873; John A. Tanner, Enoch M. Marble, Lafayette Maben, 1874; John G. Gould, 1875; Henry S. Worthington, 1876; Enoch M. Mar- ble, 1877; John Conner, 1878; John G. Gould, 1879.

THE RAILROAD.

At a special township-meeting, held at the office of Ralph Fowler, Esq., Sept. 9, 1865, for the pur- pose of voting for or against the proposition of

extending aid to the Detroit and Howell Railroad, the whole number of votes polled was 132, of which 131 were in favor of pledging the credit of the township for a sum not exceeding five per cent. of the assessed valuation of real and personal prop- erty, and I against the proposition.

Although railroad matters agitated the minds of the people to a great extent, we find that the build- ing of railroads, or extending township aid for the same, was held in abeyance until April 6, 1869, when 38 tax-paying electors, viz., M. H. McMa- nus, George W. Palmerton, Samuel G. Palmer- ton, John Lamoreux, Freeman Rohrabacher, A. B. Lockwood, William H. Spencer, Nelson A. Glenn, E. E. Walton, A. McFisher, William Head, Walter Fowler, Daniel Dunn, John M. Tucker, L. H. Westfall, Charles Moore, James A. Brown, George Wyatt, J. D. White, W. Craig, John G. Gould, David Force, W. L. Collins, W. C. Spencer, A. D. Benjamin, George L. Fisher, Samuel Gillam, Charles Fowler, Ralph Fowler, P. T. Hil- dreth, W. Hildreth, C. S. Mastick, W. Stickles, T. Stickles, William Davis, Alexander H. Benedict, W. H. Pullen, and M. Savage, presented a petition to John A. Tanner, Supervisor, requesting him to call a special meeting of the electors of the town- ship to vote upon the proposition of extending aid to the Detroit and Lansing Railroad by bonding the township for the sum of $9500, provided a depot be located and maintained within one-half mile of the village of Fowlerville.

In pursuance, a special township-meeting was held in the village of Fowlerville, Wednesday, May 5, 1869, and on the proposition to pay five per cent. of $9500, 204 votes were recorded in favor, and 17 votes against.

Bonds to the amount of $6500 were issued by the township, to assist in the construction of the Detroit, Howell and Lansing Railroad, in May, 1870. The road was completed to Fowlerville in the summer of 1871, and the event was celebrated Aug. 3 of the same year. The township has ex- perienced some difficulty with its railroad indebted- ness, but matters have been amicably arranged, and with the lapse of time their railroad will be looked upon as the power which uplifted them from the Slough of Despond, and made the town- ship and village the thriving communities as they now exist.

EDUCATIONAL.

The first board of school inspectors, composed of John B. Fowler, Seymour Morton, and Richard P. Bush, at a meeting held in the office of the township clerk, during the winter of 1838-39,

* Died in office; Orson Swift elected to fill vacancy.

t Died in office; William Borsen elected to fill vacancy.

243

HANDY TOWNSHIP.

established two school districts, the boundaries of which were described as follows :

"School District No. I, of the township of Handy, shall em- brace all the land on the north and east side of Red Cedar River, in said town. School District No. 2 shall embrace the southwest quarter of said town."

This action of the inspectors was recorded by the township clerk Feb. 26, 1839. Early in March of the same year the same inspectors caused to be placed on record the following :

" School District No. I shall be so altered as to take in the northeast quarter of said township of Handy."

A small log school-house was erected near the northeast corner of section 1 1 in the spring of 1839, and in it Miss Angeline Adams-a daughter of Amos Adams-taught the first school, the follow- ing summer.

Michael Handy taught in the same house during the winter of 1839-40.

On the 19th day of October, 1839, Elijah Gas- ton, James W. Armstrong, and Seymour Norton, school inspectors, met at the house of Elijah Gas- ton, and completed the first annual school report of the township of Handy, which report was as fol- lows :

Whole number of organized districts. I Number from which returns have been made ................. I Number of district .. I Number of children attending school between the ages of five and seventeen years. ... 24

Number attending school under five and over seventeen years .. 19

Whole number attending school during the year. 43

Number of months school has been taught by a qualified teacher 6

none Amount of public money received.

" raised in the district for school purposes .. $50

School District No. 3, embracing sections 27, 28, 33, and 34, except the northwest quarter of section 28, was organized Jan. 23, 1840. At the same time the boundaries of District No. 2 were changed, so as to embrace within its limits the west half of section 21, the whole of 20, east half of 19, north- east quarter of 30, north half of 29, and northwest quarter of 28.

Fractional School District No. 2, comprising por- tions of the townships of Howell and Tuscola, was enlarged, Jan. 23, 1840, by additions from the townships of Iena and Handy.

School District No. 4 of Handy was organized Nov. 21, 1840, and originally comprised sections 10, 11, 14, and 15.

Dec. 25, 1840, the school inspectors, in a special report, said,-

" That a sum of $35 ought to be raised in school district No. 2, in addition to the $100 raised by the inhabitants of said school district, for the purpose of building a school-house in the same."

On the 22d of January, 1841, they further re- ported :

" In our opinion a sum of $150 ought to be raised in district No. 4, in addition to the $100 that the district officers have already raised, for the purpose of building a school-house in said district."

In November, 1843, the township was re- districted, making the number of districts still being four.

The first mention made of granting certificates occurs in the year 1844, when the township clerk made the following entry :

" Jane Watson Inspected for a School-teacher, and received a Sirtificate off the following School inspectors.

" HANDY, July the 13th, 1844."

S. Norton received a teacher's certificate Dec. 17, 1844, and Eva A. Putnam the same, Jan. 18, 1845. On the 3d of May, 1845, Hannah Boyd and Susan Steadman were granted certificates to teach in districts I and 3, respectively.

From the school inspectors' annual report, made Oct. 5, 1846, which includes districts 1, 2, and 3, are gathered the following statistics: chil- dren of school age, 98; whole number who have attended school during the year, 93; amount of money received from township treasurer, $28.83. Teachers: District No. I, Lucy King; District No. 2, Seymour Norton ; District No. 3, Delia Hemp- sted; average duration of schools, three months. Amelia Stearns was granted a teacher's certificate May 23, 1846. Other early teachers were granted certificates, as follows: John Loree, March 15,- 1847 ; Augustus Dorrance and Dyer Austin, March 19, 1847.

School District No. 5, comprising sections 18, 17, west one-half of sections 5 and 8, and the whole of sections 6 and 7, was formed April 17, 1847. Samuel Conklin was appointed to attend to the organization of this district. April 22, 1848, the boundaries of this district were changed so as to include sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, the west one-half of 3, and the west one-half of 10. Nancy Maria Gould received a teacher's certificate at the same date. Angeline Conway and Mary Fales re- ceived teachers' certificates April 14, 1849.

Sections 17 and 18 were organized as School District No. 6 April 26, 1849, and discontinued by order of the inspectors Oct. 6, 1849. On the 6th of January, 1851, District No. 6 was again organized, comprising parts of sections 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15. Ralph Fowler was appointed to notify the taxable inhabitants of the district, and to attend to other matters pertaining to its organization. This was the first school district organized in the village of Fowlerville, and at the time it first assumed a vil- lage aspect, John H. Hand was given a teacher's certificate, Jan. 22, 1851. Also William W. Mitchell, April 29, 1851. Emma Grover and Polly Stafford were granted teachers' certificates May 12, 1851.

244

HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY, MICHIGAN.

The following statistics will show the condition of schools for the decades ending 1860 and 1870:

1860.

Teachers licensed to teach during the year : H. M. Mather, J. L. Cook, A. L. Hollister, C. Munson, Susan Fish, Elizabeth Briggs, Ellen Sowle, Mary J. Ludden, Mattie F. Hamilton, Louisa Havens, Sarah C. Boothby, Daniel Higby, Miss E. Boothby, and Otis Obert.

Whole number of districts.

Children of school age residing in the township .. 358

attending school during the year 274

Amount of primary-school funds received and apportioned $157 72 received from two-mill tax and apportioned ...... $317.54

1870.

Number of whole districts. 6

fractional districts 5

66 children of school age residing in township .. 498

Primary-school funds received and apportioned $244.02

The following statistics, taken from the annual report of the township Board of Education for the year ending Sept. 1, 1879, show the condition of schools* at the present time :

Number of whole districts. 6

" fractional districts. 2

Frame school-houses. 8

Value of school property. $4750

Children of school age residing in township .. 725

Male teachers employed during the year ... 6

Female teachers employed during the year 12

Months taught by males. 27

females.

Paid male teachers. $1060

" female teachers

$1346

RECEIPTS.

From moneys on hand Sept. 2, 1878, two-mill tax, primary-school fund, and district taxes for all pur-

poses

$4183.09

EXPENDITURES.

Teachers' wages .. $2406.00

For repairs and other purposes.

1469.52

Cash on hand Sept. 1, 1879. 307.57

Total $4183.09

VILLAGE OF FOWLERVILLE.

The village of Fowlerville, as now established, embraces within its corporate limits portions of sections 10, 11, 14, and 15, and by referring to the list of land-entries it will be found that the first purchase of land within its boundaries was made by Chilson Sanford, of Washtenaw Co., Mich., who entered the southwest quarter of section 11, April 25, 1834.

The remainder of the village site was covered by the original entries of Ralph Fowler, Amos Adams, Harvey Metcalf, Charles P. Bush, Sanford Britton, and James H. Hastings, and all of it was vested in individual ownership prior to Jan. I, 1837.

The history of the village, however, does not

* These statistics include the graded schools of the village of Fowlerville,

properly begin until Nov. 7, 1849. On the date mentioned, Amos Adams, surveyor, under the in- structions of Ralph Fowler, surveyed and platted lots situated on both sides of Grand River Street, the lots numbering from one to twenty-nine, in- clusive. The surveyor in an explanatory note remarked :

" These lots are situated on the west half of the southwest quarter of section eleven, and the east half of the southeast quarter of section ten, of township three north of range three east. Each lot contains one-fifth of an acre, except lots five, six, eight, nine, twenty-four, and twenty-five, which contain one-tenth of an acre."

During the same year Russell Fuller began the construction of a saw-mill upon a lot containing six acres, which had been donated by Mr. Fowler. Mr. F. also boarded the workmen gratuitously, while people of the township scored and hewed the timbers for the frame-work. But Mr. Fuller, before its completion, sold the mill to Mr. Fowler, who finished it.

Those people who then resided in the embryo village or its immediate vicinity were Ralph Fowler, A. S. Denson, William Sherwood, a black- smith, William H. Evans, David Lewis, tavern- keeper and postmaster, and members of the firm of Clark & Hopkins, who kept for sale a very light general stock of goods.

The village of Fowlerville was first mentioned on the assessment roll in 1851, and those who were then assessed for property lying within the village plat were Ralph Fowler, Charles Lewis, John M. Minker, Morgan M. Randall, A. S. Den- son, Joseph Grant, R. A. Cowell, and Richard Bristol.

The additional tax-paying inhabitants in 1852 included John T. Watson, Samuel G. Palmerton, the firm of Randall & Sherwood, Chelsey Tupper, William A. Dorrance, and Josiah Turner.

At this time the plank-road from Lansing to Howell was completed. This event created much enthusiasm among those owning real estate in and around the village, as indications pointed to the- now-established-fact that ere many years it would become a commercial centre of no mean import- ance.

As the plank-road company required a building for office purposes and the sale of goods, Ralph Fowler erected a store on the corner now occupied by D. R. Glenn & Co. After one or two years of occupancy the company vacated the premises, and the same building was then occupied by the Hon. Josiah Turner, who was the first individual mer- chant in the village to carry a stock of any mag- nitude. At this period, too, came Caleb T. Power and Benjamin P. Vealey from Brighton. They im- mediately began the construction of the famous

245

HANDY TOWNSHIP.

old hostelry, known for years as "Independence Hall."

The plank-road was soon afterwards completed through to Detroit, and it then became one of the most thronged thoroughfares in the State. A four- horse stage-coach passed each way twice a day, and the accommodations of Independence Hall were taxed to the utmost.

Other minor enterprises soon followed, while the population of the little village steadily in- creased. Among those who settled during the years 1853, 1854, and 1855, were H. C. Stoddard, Hiram Bodine, Peter Bush, Henry G. West, Henry N. Spencer (the first resident physician), James Stoneham, George Taylor, John A. Stout, Oscar D. Weller, Samuel Hubbard, C. S. Collins, William Collins, Ezekiel King, James Hawley, Elmer Hol- loway, Sidney Carpenter, N. L. Embury, David Bissell, Truman D. Fish, Marshall A. Porter, Pat- rick Maloy, Joseph H. Steel, Jr., Joseph Edmonds, William Walker, Oscar Williams, Benoni Knicker- bocker, R. C. Crane, Lewis Moore, and Jonathan Terwilliger.

The first grist-mill was built in 1855-56, by Messrs. Fish and Palmerton, and Joseph H. Steel, Jr., & Co. established their iron-foundry at the same period.

From the time that the opening of the Detroit and Milwaukee and the Jackson and Saginaw Rail- roads took the business from the plank-road until the near completion of the Detroit, Lansing and Northern Railroad, the growth of the village was slow and unimportant. The rolls show that the resident tax-payers in 1860 were but 57 in number, as follows: N. E. Green, M. A. Porter, Truman D. Fish, Samuel P. Lee, David Johnson, Richard Roff, George Wyatt, William Fulford, John Haws, Eleanor Curry, Amrod Moon, Ransom Grant, Fred. Carlisle, Pat. Maloy, Lambert Williams, A. B. Lockwood, Hiram Bodine, Almira Collins, Charles Ortner, John White, Caleb T. Power, Da- vid Hamilton, Daniel Fuller, Benjamin P. Vealey, James M. Long, Morgan M. Randall, William L. Collins, John Houston, Eri M. Spencer, John Bush, James Wilson, Ransom Ackley, Hiram Elliott, William Winegar, Thurston Simmons, Samuel G. Palmerton, Power & Carlisle, George W. Palmer- ton, Warren Clark, Hodge & Williams, John B. Wilson, Henry N. Spencer, Isaac Page, J. T. Grid- ley, Major Bentley, Solomon Sly, Enoch W. Curry, George Cameron, Ralph Fowler, C. L. Northrop, Samuel Hubbard, Edwin Hitchcock, Peter Bush, W. P. & G. W. Stow.

Five years later-in 1865-there were but 64 names upon the rolls. In following the increase of population still further, we find that the total

number assessed for taxation in the year 1871 was 90, and in the following year 174.

INCORPORATION.

The village of Fowlerville was incorporated by act approved April 15, 1871, which provided-

"That all of that district of country in the county of Living- ston, in the State of Michigan, described as follows, to wit : Sec- tions number ten, eleven, fourteen, and fifteen, in township num- ber three north, of range number three east, is hereby constituted and declared a body corporate, under the name and title of ' The Village of Fowlerville,' in the county of Livingston."

Under the act of incorporation, the electors of the territory so incorporated, to the number of 49, viz., A. H. Benedict, David Force, Samuel Scripture, A. S. Denson, John G. Gould, David West, William Denson, Byron Defendorf, Horace Chalker, Orrin Barber, Henry Elliott, Hiram Bodine, Orville Goss, O. H. Babcock, William Gott, Charles Geweye, E. M. Spencer, Rufus Fowler, Zenas Palmerton, Wil- liam Fulford, Freeman Rohrabacher, O. H. Jones, Ralph Fowler, Harvey Metcalf, William Pullen, S. S. Munson, Robert M. Davis, George Bush, Ed- win Bowen, Lorenzo Palmerton, Benajah J. Tuttle, Frederick Saunders, Gilbert Demarest, Jesse Pul- ver, William L. Collins, Lewis Westfall, James Lockwood, Edwin Munson, Charles Moore, C. T. Power, Levi Bristol, George W. Palmerton, R. A. Patton, Frank G. Rounsville, Hiram Elliott, Fred- erick Hyne, Martin Camp, E. H. Brockway, and R. B. Boylan, assembled at the office of George W. Palmerton, on Saturday, June 3, 1871, and organ- ized the meeting by choosing Lewis H. Westfall and Charles Moore inspectors of the election, and William L. Collins clerk. This meeting resulted in the election of the following-named officers : Frederick Saunders, President; William M. Beach, Uriah Coffin, Samuel Gillam, Hiram Bodine, Be- najah J. Tuttle, James A. Brown, Trustees; John A. Tanner, Ralph Fowler, Assessors; Frederick Hyne, Treasurer ; Wm. L. Collins, Clerk; Samuel G. Palmerton, Gilbert Demarest, Jesse Pulver, Street Commissioners ; John G. Gould, Marshal.

RE-INCORPORATION.

By act No. 269, approved April 30, 1873, the village was re-incorporated, and ample provision made for all requirements. By the same act the corporate limits were reduced to the boundaries described as follows :

" All that district of country in the county of Livingston, in the State of Michigan, described as follows, to wit: The southeast quarter of section ten, and the south half of the northeast quarter of section ten, and the southwest quarter of section eleven, and the west half of the southeast quarter of section eleven, and the south half of the northwest quarter of section eleven, and the northwest quarter of section fourteen, and the northeast quarter of section fifteen, in township three north, of range three west, be, and the

246

HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY, MICHIGAN.

same is hereby constituted a body corporate, by the name of the village of Fowlerville."

The annual village charter election was held Monday, March 3, 1873. But meanwhile the new charter was passed, and under its provisions a new election was held at the office of John A. Tanner, Monday, May 5, 1873, which resulted in the election of officers as given in the list for the year 1873.

Since the completion of the railroad in 1871, the growth of the village has been rapid and healthy. Several handsome brick blocks now grace its busi- ness avenues, and as a point of general trade, and a market for wheat, live stock, wool, and shooks, it stands second to none in the county of Living- ston.

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History of Livingston County, Michigan, with illustrations and biographical sketches, Part 51

Author: Publication date: Publisher: Number of Pages: 617

Author:
Publication date:
Publisher:
Number of Pages: 617