USA > Michigan > Macomb County > History of Macomb County, Michigan > Part 11
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Austin Blair was the thirteenth Governor of Michigan, serving during the perilous times of the rebellion from 1861 to 1865, and by his patriotic and faithful execution of law and prompt aid of the General Government, earning the well- deserved title of "the War Governor." The particulars of the history of this State in connection with that war we will reserve for the next section.
Henry H. Crapo succeeded Gov. Blair, serving one term. He was elected during the dark hours just before the close of the war, when he found the political sky overcast with the most ominous clouds of death and debt. The bonded debt of the State was $3,541,149.80, with a balance in the treasury of $440,047.29. In the single year just closed the State had expended $823,216.75, and by the close of the first year of his term this indebtedness had increased more than $400,000 more. But the wise administration of this Governor began materially to reduce the debt, and at the same time fill the treasury. The great war closed during the April after his election, and he faithfully carried out the line of policy inaugurated by his prede- cessor. The other prominent events during his term of office are systematically interwoven with the history of the various institutions of the State, and they will be found under heads in their respective places.
Henry P. Baldwin was Governor two terms, namely, from January, 1868, to the close of 1872. The period of his administration was a prosperous one for the
96
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
State. In 1869 the taxable valuation of real and personal property in the State amounted to $400,000,000, and in 1871 it exceeded $630,000,000.
During Gov. Baldwin's time a step was taken to alter the State constitution so as to enable counties, townships, cities and incorporated villages, in their corporate capacity, to aid in the construction of railroads. Bonds had been issued all over the State by these municipalities in aid of railroads, under laws which had been enacted by the Legislature at five different sessions ; but a case coming before the Supreme Court involving the constitutionality of these laws, the Bench decided that the laws were unconstitutional, and thus the railroads were left to the mercy of the " soulless " corporations. Gov. Baldwin, in this emergency, called an extra session of the Legislature, which submitted the desired constitutional amendment to the people ; but it was by them defeated in November, 1870.
The ninth census having been officially published, it became the duties of the State, in 1872, to make a re-apportionment of districts for the purpose of repre- sentation in Congress. Since 1863 Michigan has had six representatives, but the census of 1870 entitled it to nine.
During the last two years of Gov. Baldwin's administration the preliminary measures for building a new State capitol engrossed much of his attention. His wise counsels concerning this much-needed new building were generally adopted by the Legislature, which was convened in extra session in March, 1872.
Ample provisions having been made for the payment of the funded debt of the State by setting apart some of the trust-fund receipts, and such portion of the specific taxes as were not required for the payment of interest on the public debt, the one-eighth mill tax for the sinking fund was abolished in 1870.
The Fall of 1871 is noted for the many destructive conflagrations in the North- west, including the great Chicago fire. Several villages in this State were either wholly or partially consumed, and much property was burned up nearly all over the country. This was due to the excessive dryness of the season. In this State alone nearly 3,000 families, or about 18,000 persons, were rendered houseless and deprived of the necessaries of life. Relief committees were organized at Detroit, Grand Rapids and elsewhere, and in a short time $462,106 in money and about $250,000 worth of clothing were forwarded to the sufferers. Indeed, so generous were the people, that they would have given more than was necessary had they not been informed by the Governor in a proclamation that a sufficiency had been raised.
The dedication of the soldiers and sailors' monument at Detroit, April 9, 1872, was a notable event in Gov. Baldwin's time. This grand structure was designed by Randolph Rogers, formerly of Michigan, and one of the most eminent of Amer- ican sculptors now living. The money to defray the expenses of this undertaking was raised by subscription, and persons in all parts of the State were most liberal
T
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97
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
in their contributions. The business was managed by an incorporation established in 1868. The monument is forty-six feet high, and is surmounted by a colossal statue of Michigan in bronze, ten feet in height. She is represented as a semi- civilized Indian queen, with a sword in her right hand and a shield in her left. The dedicatory lines in front are : "Erected by the people of Michigan, in honor of the martyrs who fell and the heroes who fought in defense of liberty and union." On the monument are many beautiful designs. At the unveiling there was a large concourse of people from all parts of the State, and the address was delivered by ex-Gov. Blair.
John J. Bagley succeeded to the Governorship Jan. 1, 1873, and served two terms. During his administration the new capitol was principally built, which is a larger and better structure for the money than, perhaps, any other public building in the United States. Under Gov. Bagley's counsel and administration the State prospered in all its departments. The Legislature of 1873 made it the duty of the Governor to appoint a commission to revise the State Constitution, which duty he performed to the satisfaction of all parties.
Charles M. Crosswell was next the chief executive officer of this State, exer- cising the functions of the office for two successive terms, 1877-1881. During his administration the public debt was greatly reduced, a policy adopted requiring State institutions to keep within the limit of appropriations, laws enacted to pro- vide more effectually for the punishment of corruption and bribery in elections, the State House of Correction at Ionia and the Eastern Asylum for the Insane at Pon- tiac were opened, and the new capitol at Lansing was completed and occupied. The first act of his second term was to preside at the dedication of this building. The great riot of 1877 centered at Jackson. During those two or three fearful days Gov. Crosswell was in his office at Lansing, in correspondence with members of the military department in different parts of the State, and within forty-eight hours of the moment when the danger became imminent, the rioters found them- selves surrounded by a military force ready with ball and cartridge for their anni- hilation. Were it not for this promptness of the Governor, there would probably have been a great destruction of property, if not also of life.
The administration of Hon. David H. Jerome has been one marked alike by joys and sorrows. The great business revival marked the period of his election ; the disastrous forest fires clouded the light of peace and prosperity.
STATE OFFICERS.
GOVERNORS DURING FRENCH RULE.
APPOINTED.
APPOINTED.
Sieur de La Barre
1672
Sieur de Mesey
1663
Marquis de Denonville
1685
Sieur de Courcelles
1665
Sieur de Frontenac 1689
Sieur de Frontenac
1672
- Chevalier de Callieres 1699
7
98
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
STATE OFFICERS .- CONTINUED.
APPOINTED.
Marquis de Vaudreuil
1703
Marquis de Beauharnois 1726
Compt de la Galissoniere 1747
Sieur de la Jonquiere 1749
Marquis du Quesne de Menneville 1752
Sieur de Vaudreuilde Cavagnal 1755
GOVERNORS DURING BRITISH RULE.
James Murray 1765
Paulus E. Irving 1766
Guy Carleton I766
Hector I. Cramahe 1770
Guy Carleton. 1774
Frederick Haldemand 1778
Henry Ilamilton 1784
Henry Hope 1785
Lord Dorchester
1786
Alured Clark 1791
Lord Dorchester. 1798
GOVERNORS OF MICHIGAN TERRITORY.
William Hull 1805
Lewis Cass 1813
George B. Porter
1831
Stevens T. Mason, ex-officio 1834
John T. Horner, ex-officio. 1835
STATE GOVERNORS.
ELECTED.
Stevens T. Mason 1835
William Woodbridge. 1840
J. Wright Gordon, acting 1841
John S. Barry 1842
Alpheus Felch 1846
Wm. S. Greenly, acting.
1847
Epaphroditus Ransom
1848
John S. Barry
1850
Robert McClelland
1852
Andrew Parsons, acting 1853
Kingsley S. Bingham 1855
Moses Wisner 1859
Austin Blair 1861
Henry II. Crapo 1865
Henry D. Baldwin
1869
John J. Bagley 1873
Charles M. Croswell. 1877
David H. Jerome 1881
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS OF MICHIGAN.
ELECTED.
Edward Mundy 1835
J. Wright Gordon 1840
Origin D. Richardson 1842
Wm. S. Greenly 1846
Wm. M. Fenton 1848
Wm. S. Greenly 1849
Calvin Britain 1852
Andrew Parsons 1853
George A. Coe
1855
Edmund B. Fairfield 1859
James Birney 1861
Joseph R. Williams, acting.
1861
Henry T. Backns, acting
1862
Charles S. May
1863
E. O. Grosvenor 865
Dwight May
1867
Morgan Bates
1869
Henry II. Holt
1873
Alonzo Sessions
1877
1881
SECRETARIES OF STATE.
Kintzing Pritchette 1835
Randolph Manning 1838
Thomas Rowland. 1840
Robert P. Eldridge 1842
G. O. Whittemore 1846
George W. Peck 1848
George Redfield 1850
Charles H. Taylor 1850
William Graves 1853
John McKinney 1855
Nelson G. Isbell 1859
James B. Porter 1861
O. S. Spaulding 1867
Daniel Striker
1871
E. G. D. Holden 1875
William Jenney 1879
STATE TREASURERS.
Henry Howard 1836
Peter Desnoyers 1839
Robert Stuart 1840
George W. Germain
1841
John J. Adam 1842
George Redfield. 1845
Morean S. Crosby
99
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
STATE OFFICERS .- CONTINUED.
ELECTED.
George B. Cooper. 1846
Barnard C. Whittemore 1850
Silas M. Holmes 1855
John McKinney 1859
John Owen 1861
E. O. Grosvenor. 1867
Victory P. Collier
1871
Wm. B. McCreery 1875
Benj. F. Pritchard. 1879
ATTORNEYS-GENERAL.
Daniel LeRoy 1836
Peter Morey 1837
Zephaniah Platt 1841
Elon Farnsworth 1843
Henry N. Walker 1845
Edward Mundy 1847
Geo. V. N. Lothrop 18.48
William lIale 1857
Jacob M. Howard. 1855
Henry Chipman
1827-32
Wm. Woodbridge 1828-32
Ross Wilkins
1832-6
Wm. A. Fletcher
1836-42
Epaphroditus Ransom
1836-47
George Morell.
1836-42
Charles W. Whipple
1843-52
Alpheus Felch.
1842-5
David Goodwin
1843-6
Warner Wing.
1845-56
George Miles.
1846-50
Edward Mundy
1848-51
Sanford M. Green
1848-57
George Martin
1851-2
Joseph T. Copeland.
1852-7
Samuel T. Douglas. 1852-7
David Johnson 1852-7
Abner Pratt. 1851-7
Charles W. Whipple.
1852-5
Nathaniel Bacon
1855-8
Sanford M. Green 1856-8
E. H. C. Wilson 1856-8
Benj. F. H. Witherell, Benj. F. Graves,
Josiah Turner, and Edwin Lawrence to fill vacancies in the latter part of- 1857
Emil Aneke.
1863
William Humphrey 1867
Ralph Ely 1875
W. Irving Latimer 1879
SUPT. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
ELECTED.
John D. Pierce. 1838
Franklin Sawyer, jr. 1841
Oliver C. Comstock 1843
Ira Mayhew 1845
Francis W. Sherman 1849
Ira Mayhew 1855
John M. Gregory- 1859
Oramel Hosford 1865
Daniel B. Briggs 1873
Horace S. Tarbell. 1877
Cornelius A. Gower 1878
JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT.
Augustus B. Woodward 1805-24
Frederick Bates I805-8
John Griffin 1806-24
James Witherell I808-28
Solomon Sibley 1824-36
Charles Upson 1861
Albert Williams. 1863
Wm. L. Stoughton 1867
Dwight May 1869
Byron D. Ball
1873
Isaac Marston 1874
Andrew J. Smith 1875
Otto Kirchner. 1877
AUDITORS-GENERAL.
Robert Abhott 1836
Henry Howard 1839
Eurotus P. Hastings 1840
Alpheus Felch 1842
llenry S. Whipple 1842
Charles G. Hammond 1845
John J. Adam 1845
Digby V. Bell
1846
Jolın J. Adam 1848
John Swegles, jr. 1851
Whitney Jones.
1855
Daniel L. Case
1859
Langford G. Berry 1861
George Martin. 1858-68
Randolph Manning. 1858-64
Isaac P. Christiancy 1858-77
100
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
STATE OFFICERS .- CONTINUED.
ELECTED.
ELECTED.
James V. Campbell.
1858
David S. Walbridge
1855-9
Thomas M. Cooley
1864
D. C. Leach
1857-61
Benj. F. Graves
1868
Francis W. Kellogg 1859-65
Isaac Marston
1875
B. F. Granger 1861-3
U. S. SENATORS.
John Norvell
1835-41
Lucius Lyon
1836-40
Augustus S. Porter
1840-5
Wm. Woodbridge
IS41-7
R. E. Trowbridge
1865-9
Thos. H. Fitzgerald
1848-9
Austin Blair
1867-73
Charles E. Stuart
1853-9
Zachariah Chandler
1857-77
Kinsley S. Bingham
1859-61
Jacob M. Howard
1862-71
Wilder D. Foster
IS71-3
Henry Baldwin
1880
Moses W. Field.
1873-5
Thomas W. Ferry
1881-3
Omar D. Conger
1881-7
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.
Isaac E. Crary
1835-41
Jay A. Hubbell
1873
WV. B. Williams
I875-7
Lucius Lyon
1843-5
Robert McClelland
1843-9
James B. Hunt.
1843-7
Charles C. Ellsworth
IS77-9
John S. Chipman
1845-7
Edwin W. Keightley
1877-9
Charles E. Stuart
1847-9
Jonas H. McGowan
1877
Kinsley S. Bingham
1849-51
Alexander W. Buel.
1849-51
William Sprague
1849-50
Roswell G. Horr IS79
Charles E. Stuart
1851-3
John S. Newberry
1879
James L. Conger.
1851-3
H. W. Lord IS81
Ebenezer J. Penneman 1851-3
Edwin Willets
1881
Samuel Clark 1853-5
E. S. Lacey 1881
David A. Noble 1853-5
Julius C. Burrows :881
Hester L. Stevens.
1853-5
George W. Webber 1881
David Stuart.
1853-5
Oliver L. Spaulding ISSI
George W. Peck
1855-7
John T. Rich 1881
William A. Howard
1855-61
Roswell G. Horr 1881
Henry Waldron
1855-61
Jay A. Hubbell
ISSI
John W. Longyear
1863-7
John F. Driggs
1863-9
Lewis Cass
1845-57
Thomas W. Ferry
IS69-71
Alpheus Felch
1847-53
William L. Stoughton
1869-73
Omar D. Conger
1869-81
Randolph Strickland
1869-71
Henry Waldor
1871-5
Thomas W. Ferry 1871
Jabez G. Sutherland
1871-3
Zachariah Chandler.
1878-9
George Millard. 1875-7
Julius C. Burrows 1873-5, 1879
Josiah W. Begale
1873-5
Nathan B. Bradley
1873-7
Jacob M. Howard 1841-43
Alpheus S. Williams 1875-9
Mark S. Boemer.
1877
John W. Stone 1877
Edwin Willets 1877
In the political chapter of the county history, the names of State Senators and Representatives from Macomb are given, with a record of votes received.
F. C. Beaman
IS61-71
R. E. Trowbridge
1861-3
Charles Upson
1863-9
101
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
POLITICAL STATISTICS.
The following tables show the political complexion of the several districts as now arranged, taking the vote for Congressmen in 1880 as the basis :
FIRST DISTRICT.
SIXTH DISTRICT.
County.
Rep.
Dem.
Green- back.
Clinton
3,305
2,771
766
Ingham
3,983
3,387
1,031
Livingstone
2,820
2,914
¥92
Genesee
4,747
2,126
2,173
Oakland
5,37I
5,000
363
Total
20,226
16,288
4,525
Republican plurality.
Democrat and Greenback over Republican
587
SEVENTH DISTRICT.
Macomb
3,000
3,283
184
St. Clair
4, 182
3,512
713
Lapeer
3,390
2,676
138
Sanila
2,183
1,329
179
Huron.
1,773
1,194
34
Total
14,618
11,994
1,248
Republican plurality
-3,944
Republican majority 2,696
EIGHTH DISTRICT.
Shiawassee
3,325
1,947
1,165
Saginaw
4,829
5,801
436
Gratiot
2,526
1,780
686
Montcalm
4,140
3,067
492
Isabella
1,375
1,089
81
Midland
758
514
241
Total
16,953
14,198
3,101
Republican plurality
2,755
Democrat and Greenback over Republican
NINTH DISTRICT.
Muskegon
2,737
1,496
605
Oceana
1,479
959
Newaygo
1,549
1,796
I2
Mecosta
1,592
1,020
91
Osceola
1,234
577
20
Lake
583
264
I
Mason
1,259
832
Manistee
1,176
1,098
Wexford
1,112
476
47
Missaukee
268
121
21
Charlevoix
793
276
95
Republican majority
1,207
Antrim
598
198
171
Rep.
Dem.
Green- back.
Wayne
15,962
15,388
628
Republican plurality
574
Democratic and Greenback over Republican. 54
SECOND DISTRICT.
Monroe
3,175
3.717
201
Lena wee
6,308
5,43I
265
Hillsdale
4,857
2,435
914
Washtenaw
4,605
5,013
294
Total.
18,945
16,596
1,674
Republican plurality
2,349
Republican majority
675
THIRD DISTRICT.
Jackson
4,564
3,287
2,196
Calhoun
5,184
2,915
1,067
Branch
4,106
1,08I
1,748
Barry
3,072
779
2,340
Eaton
4,341
1,677
1,608
Total
21,267
9,739
8,959
Republican plurality
11,528
Republican majority
2,571
FOURTH DISTRICT.
Berrien
4,553
3.523
533
Cass
2,856
2,157
425
St. Joseph
3,134
1,840
1,500
Kalamazoo
4,459
2,976
572
Van Buren
4,094
1,928
1,163
Total
19,096
12,424
4,193
Republican plurality
6,672
Republican majority
2,479
FIFTH DISTRICT.
Allegan
4,657
1,806
1,789
Kent
7,879
5,395
3,227
Ottawa
3,289
2,072
837
Ionia
4,262
666
3,048
Total
20,087
9.939
8,901
Republican plurality
10,108
346
3,938
County.
102
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
County.
Rep.
Dem.
Green- back.
County.
Rep. Dem. Green- back.
Kalkaska
495
181
Total
14,875
9,294
1,063
Republican plurality
5,581
Republican majority
4,518
TENTH DISTRICT.
Tuscola
2,872
1,812
180
Bay
2,483
2,398
1,568
Caldwin
147
260
5
Clare
45I
412
41
Roscommon
564
413
72
Ogemaw
280
173
57
Iosco
766
540
8
Crawford
ISI
14I
24
Oscoda
Alcona
388
250
8
Alpena
948
835
48
Montmorency
Otsego
329
217
83
Presque Isle
209
151
Cheboygan
581
571
83
Emmet
809
603
4
Total
10,978
8,776
2,180
Republican majority
4,168
There were also prohibition and scattering votes returned for Congress in 1880 as follows: Second district, 191; third, 234; fourth, 24; fifth, 18; sixth, 78; seventh, 18; eighth, 16; ninth, 21; tenth, 7; and eleventh, 95. In Isle Royal County, in 1880, no election was held, and Oscoda and Montmorency Counties were not organized.
The population of the several districts in 1870 and 1880 and the total increase for the ten years are shown by the following table :
District.
Pop. 1870.
Pop. 1880.
Increase.
First
119,038
166,444
47,406
Second.
146 196.
156.538
10,342
Third
146,212
164 966
18,754
Fourth
143,356.
150,569.
7,213
Fifth
136,840
178,066
41,226
Sixth
142 276
164,784
22,508
Seventh
109,233
154,392
45,152
Eighth
92.792
160,269
67,498
Ninth.
51,943
125,210
73,267
Tenth.
40,439
III,151
70,712
Eleventh
55,794-
104,527.
49,733
498
8
Leelenan
643
564
72
Benzie.
430
192
141
Manitou
36
I37
Chippewa
358
325
Mackinac
143
298
Schoolcraft
172
17
Marquette
2,449
1,255
Baraga
180
219
Houghton
2,107
1,283
Keewenaw
610
237
Ontonagon
306
147
14
Isle Royal
Menominee
1,304
900
Delta
724
414
Total
10,789
6,486
235
Republican plurality
4.303
Republican plurality
2,202
Republican majority.
22
ELEVENTH DISTRICT.
Grand Traverse
1,327
If a similar rate of increase is kept up in the northern counties, the eighth, ninth and tenth districts will before the end of the decade largely exceed in popu- lation certain of the older districts.
103
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
CHAPTER VII.
MISCELLANEOUS.
THE FUR - TRADERS AND SLAVE OWNERS.
The British at Detroit changed their policy somewhat, and endeavored to conciliate the Indians, paying them for land and encouraging French settlements in the vicinity. This encouragement was exhibited, in part, in showing some par- tiality to French customs.
At this time the fur trade was considerably revived, the principal point of shipment being the Grand Portage of Lake Superior. The charter boundaries of the two companies, the Hudson's Bay and the Northwest, not having been very well-defined, the employees of the respective companies often came into conflict. Lord Selkirk, the head of the former company, ended the difficulty by uniting the stock of both companies. An attempt was also made to mine and ship copper, but the project was found too expensive.
SLAVERY IN MICHIGAN.
The following references to the slave in Michigan have been extracted from the able paper prepared on that subject by J. A. Girardin. In olden times the city of Detroit and vicinity had slaves among its inhabitants. The old citizens generally purchased them from marauding bands of Indians, who had captured the negro slaves in their war depredations on plantations. Many were thus brought from Virginia, New York, and Indiana, and sold to the inhabitants of Detroit, sometimes for nominal prices. Among our old citizens who were slaveholders in the olden times were the late Major Joseph Campau, George McDougall, James Duperon Baby, Abbott & Finchly, and several others. The negro slaves were well treated by their owners. Many of those poor captives when sold and released were at once well taken care of by our ancient inhabitants. Some- times the price of a negro slave was regulated according to his intrinsic value, but the price was quite high for those days. For instance : A negro boy named Frank, aged 12 years, the property of the late Phillip Jonciere, of Belle Fontaine, now Springwells, was sold on the 22d day of October, 1793, by William Roe, acting auctioneer, to the late Hon. James Duperon Baby, for the sum of £213, New York currency, equal to $532.50 of our money. Mr. Baby being the highest bidder, he, Frank, was adjudged to him for the benefit of Mr. Joncier's estate.
6
104
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
In the records of baptism of St. Anne's Church, several persons of color we find recorded as having received the sacrament of baptism, and, in the absence of family names we find that the names of " Margaret," for instance, a negress, " unknown " would be entered in the absence of her regular family name ; several instances of this kind are entered in the old records. During the administration of the Governor and Judges of the Territory of Michigan, several negroes received donation lots. Among them was a well known negro named "Pompey," the property of the late James Abbott. As a class the negroes were esteemed by our ancient population ; many of them could speak the French language fluently, espe- cially those living with their French masters. But little cruelty was practiced by their owners. There was no Wendell Phillips nor any Lloyd Garrison, nor any " higher law doctrine," expounded in those days to disturb the mind of the slave or the slaveholder. Every one lived in Arcadian simplicity and contentment. The negro was satisfied with his position, and rendered valuable services to his master, and was ever ready to help him against the treacherous Indians. During the war of 1812 several of them accompanied their masters to the battle-field, and mate- rially helped their masters and the troops.
By an ordinance enacted by Congress, dated July 13, 1787, entitled " An act for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River," there was a clause in Article VI saying that " there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes." This was a safeguard by Congress to prevent the extension of slavery northwest of the Ohio River. Notwithstanding this wise provision onr an- eestors paid but little attention to it, for whenever a spruce negro was brought by the Indians he was sure to find a purchaser at a reasonable price. Most every prominent man in those days had a slave or two, especially merchants trading with the Indians.
Detroit and vicinity was a heaven to the slave compared to the Southern States, although slavery was carried on on a moderate scale here, there being no cotton or rice fields to employ them in, their labor being on the plantations near Detroit, or at their masters' houses. The master, once attached to his " Sambo," a great price would have to be paid to buy him.
The late Judge May had a slave-woman who had come to his hands for a debt owed him by one Granchin. This faithful slave served the Judge some twenty- five years. Mr. Joseph Campan, an extensive trader in those days, had as many as ten slaves at different times. Among them was a young negro named " Crow," who was quite a favorite of Mr. C., who had him dressed in scarlet, a contrast with his color. This negro, to the amusement of the inhabitants of the old town, used to ascend old St. Anne's Church steeple and there perform some of his gymnastic
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HISTORY OF MICIIIGAN.
tricks. He was supple and elastic as a circus-rider. He had been purchased at Montreal by Mr. Campau. He was afterward drowned from one of Mr. C.'s bat- teaux. "Hannah," another intelligent colored woman, was purchased at Montreal by Mr. C. This faithful slave, after serving him several years, married " Patterson," also a slave. " Mulet," one of the most honest and faithful of all slaves, also be- longed to Mr. Campan, who very often employed him as confidential clerk. This slave died but a few years ago at a very advanced age, respected and esteemed for his great integrity and fidelity. The slave "Tetro " was among the favorites of Maj. Campau. Ile, too, was as faithful and as honest as the day was long.
The late Gen. John R. Williams also possessed a slave, named " Hector." He, too, was faithful and trustworthy. In the year 1831 Daniel Leroy, Olmstead Chamberlain, and Gideon O. Whittemore sold to Col. Mack, Gen. Williams, and Maj. Campau the newspaper called the Oakland Chronicle, the office being trans- ferred here, and the well known slave " Hector " was placed in charge of it. When the late Col. Sheldon McKnight entered to take possession, he was fiercely resisted by " Hector who showed fight, and the Colonel had to retreat. This paper was afterward merged into the Free Press of this city.
Ann Wyley, a former slave, suffered the extreme penalty of the law for having stolen six guineas from the firm of Abbott & Finchley. She was sentenced to death by a justice of the peace, and buried on the spot where St. Anne's Church now stands, which ground was used as a place of burial in early days; and when, in 1817, the foundations of the church were being excavated for, the body of this unfortunate woman was found, face downward. It was supposed that she was in a trance at the time of her burial. This incident was related to me by an old lady, some years ago, who knew all about the facts, and who has since died.
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