USA > Michigan > Muskegon County > History of Muskegon County, Michigan: with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 13
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The first Representative in the State Legislature from Muske- gon was Chauncey Davis, who was elected in 1860 and re-elected in 1862.
The village of Muskegon was incorporated in 1861, and the first election was held in the basement of the M. E. Church, on the 8th of July of that year, when Lyman G. Mason was elected Pres- ident; E. Potter, R. W. Morris, C. P. Bigelow and Thomas Mills, Trustees; Robert McQueen, Recorder; Luman Hamblin, Marshal; C. D. Nelson, Treasurer, and Henry H. Holt, Village Attorney.
An act was passed by the Legislature in 1869 incorporating the city of Muskegon, and the first election was held on the 4th day of April, 1870. The first officers of the city government were Chaun- cey Davis, Mayor; C. C. Chamberlain, Recorder; A. C. Truesdell, Treasurer; W. P. Odell and R. O'Harrow, Aldermen of the First Ward; J. H. Landreth and Alex. Rodgers, Aldermen of the Second Ward, and Chas. Kreig and Dennis Riordan, Aldermen of the Third Ward.
MUSKEGON HARBOR.
The harbor at the mouth of Muskegon River and Lake re- mained in its natural condition until 1863, when the work of im- proving it was begun. Up to this time at the best stage of water there was scarcely ever more than six feet on the bar; oftener not more than four or five feet; and at times, after a strong wind from the southwest, the sand would be drifted in so that men have waded across. In 1863 a corporation called the Muskegon Harbor Com- pany was organized under the provisions of a law of the State, for the purpose of improving the channel. This company built a slab
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6
HISTORY OF MUSKEGON COUNTY.
55
pier on each side of the channel, the south pier being about 1,500 feet long and the north pier about 500. The first superintendent was J. B. Lemieux, and the first scow load of slabs was put into position by James G. Campbell. Afterwards L. G. Mason was superintendent and completed the work done by the company. Previous to the building of the piers there was no well defined chan- nel, the water of the river spreading in every direction on reaching Lake Michigan. As a consequence, whatever there was of a chan . nel was very changeable as well as crooked, and even after the piers were commenced the water did not flow directly into the lake. To obviate this difficulty the superintendent resorted to the somewhat novel expedient of boring a channel through the sand. To accom- plish this, he chartered the propeller Caldwell to force her way back- wards from Lake Michigan into Muskegon Lake, agreeing to pay $1,500 for the job. The revolutions of the wheel cleared away the sand so that the propeller continually " advanced backwards," but so slowly that the captain at one time was inclined to relinquish his undertaking; but on endeavoring to return into Lake Michigan he found that so much of the sand that he had displaced had settled behind the propeller that she could not move in that direction, and his only course was to go into Muskegon Lake, turn around and then bore out again. The result was that the current of the river was so strong that it afterward kept the straight channel to Lake Michigan open.
The first light house, which was built in 1855, was torn away in 1871 and the present one erected.
This company was composed entirely of those interested in the Muskegon lumber business, and expended altogether about $40,000, all of which was donated, towards this improvement.
Congress soon after began to make appropriations for the same purpose-the result of all which is that this harbor is undoubtedly the best on Lake Michigan, there being at the present time sixteen feet of water on the bar.
The current of the river is so strong that the channel never freezes over. Even in the cold winter of 1874 it did not freeze, and had it not been for the ice on Lake Michigan vessels could have entered at any time and run into Muskegon Lake, a distance of nearly a mile.
CONCLUSION OF MR. HOLT'S SKETCH.
Among those who were born in Muskegon and are still resi dents of Muskegon County are: Mrs. John Curry, Mrs. Horatio Hovey, James and George Graham, of Muskegon; Mrs. A. G. Smith, of Lakeside; S. W. Lasley, .of Montague, and William, Augustus, Michael and Joseph Baddeau, of Holton.
OFFICERS.
Muskegon was organized as a village in 1861, and on July 8th of that year, at its first municipal election, Hon. Lyman G. Mason was chosen President, receiving 120 out of 121 votes cast. In 1869 it received its first charter as a city, which was amended in 1871, and subsequently revised in 1875, which revision, as amended in 1879, is now in force.
The Village records are incomplete, and the compiler has been unable to obtain from any other source an accurate list of the Vil- lage Presidents, which it was desired to subjoin. Below will be found the names of the Mayors, Recorders and City Attorneys who have held office since the organization of the city :
MAYORS. .
1870-Chauncey Davis.
1871-Joseph Ireland.
1872-Chauncey Davis.
1873-Henry H. Getty. 1874-Famuel H. Wagner. 1875-Wil iam Glue.
1876-Oliver P. Pillsbury.
1877-Oliver P. Pillsbury. 1878-Henry H. Holt. 1879 -Henry H. Holt. 1880-Francis Jiroch. 1881-Francis Jiroch. !
1882-Nelson DeLong.
RECORDERS.
1870-Charles C. Chamberlain.
1877-Daniel J. Moriarty.
1871-Charles C. Chamberlain.
1878-Frank Wood.
1872-George F. Outhwaite. 1879-Frank Wood.
1873 -* George F. Outhwaite.
1880-Edgar W. Thayer.
1874-Daniel J. Moriarty.
1881-Edgar W. Thayer.
1875-Daniel J. Moriarty.
1882-Edgar W. Thayer.
1876-Daniel J. Moriarty.
*Resigned-James G. Campbell appointed to fill vacancy.
CITY ATTORNEYS.
1870-Francis Smith.
1876-Henry Slater.
1871-Francis Smith.
1877-Francis W. Cook.
1872-Hiram J. Hoyt.
1878-Hiram J. Hoyt.
1873-William C. Odell.
1879-Hiram J. Hoyt.
1874-James Snow.
1880-Andrew B. Allen.
1875-James Snow.
1881-Andrew B. Allen.
The officers for 1881 were: Hon. Francis Jiroch, Mayor; Aldermen, First Ward, Peter Lansiff and Nils P. Nelson; Second Ward, Thomas B. McNiff, who was also President of the Council, and Peter Wintermute; Third Ward, Wm. Brinnen and David Drinan; Fourth Ward, Gottlieb Ninneman and Peter Doran; City Recorder, Edgar W. Thayer; City Attorney, Andrew B. Allen; Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, Thos. B. Gregory, vice James Cavanaugh, resigned; Street Commissioner, N. Holthe vice J. B. Smalley, resigned; City Printer, F. Weller; City Physician, Dr. O. C. Williams; Police Justice, W. L. Ryan; Justices of the Peace, L. Beardsley, W. L. Ryan, J. E. Jamison, and W. Mc- Laughlin; Police Officers, C. Schmidt, Deputy Marshal; Water Commissioners, H. Park, President, E. W. Merrill; School In- spector, A. Anderson; Directors of the Poor, I. Brandt and J. De Haas.
MUSKEGON CITY IN 1867.
Had twenty-five large steam saw mills with annual cut of 160,000,000 feet. Population 5,000, rapidly increasing. In 1866 L. G. Mason & Co., built a mill 45 by 136, capable of cutting 16,- 000,000 feet a season, employing 53 men.
In 1867 it was still a village and its officers were, President, Jos. H. Hackley; Clerk, E. H. Wylie; Treasurer, C. H. Hackley; Marshal, Dewitt Patterson; Trustees, I. O. Smith, Joshua Davis, E. Potter and H. H. Holt.
The county officers were: Judge of Probate, E. H. Wylie; Clerk and Register, H. J. Pemberton; Treasurer, S. C. Hall; Pros. Att'y, E. Potter; Circuit Court Com., H. H. Holt; Sheriff, A. B. Miner; Surveyor, Adna Egelston.
The societies were two Masonic Lodges, Nos. 140 and 182; one Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 92; one Lodge of I. O. G. T., No. 358.
Six churches, Methodist, Rev. W. Rook; Congregational, Rev. L. Reed; Universalist, Rev. W. B. Cook; Dutch Reformed, Rev. W. A. Hombolt; Catholic, Rev. H. Rievers, and Episcopal (St. Paul's) in Holt's Hall, Rev. Marcus Lane, pastor.
The Board of Education were: Director, H. H. Holt; Moder- ator, W. F. Wood; Assessor, D. Mclaughlin; Principal of Union School, A. W. Barnes.
1870.
The pastors are Rev. J. L. Childs, (Methodist Episcopal), who in September was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Hickey; Father Rievers, (Catholic); Rev. J. M. Clark, (Episcopal); Rev. L. Reed, (Congre- gational); Rev. W. B. Cook, (Universalist). In all there were five churches. There were two Masonic Lodges, Commandery and Chapter, also a Lodge of Daughters of Rebecca, Myrtle Lodge 32, Mrs. T. Evans, R. S. Muskegon & Ferrysburg R. R. the only line in the county. The city census was: 1st Ward 1,733, 2d Ward 2,612, 3d Ward 1,657. Total, 6,002.
1871.
In this year A. M. LeClercq is Sheriff, and W. Mclaughlin,
56
HISTORY OF MUSKEGON COUNTY.
deputy; J. E. Jamison, Circuit Court Commissioner; D. McLaugh- lin, Register in Chancery; A. I. Loomis, County School Superin- tendent; H. H. Holt, Representative in the Legislature; D. J. Mo- riarty, acting Mayor.
A. G. Blood has the Daily Enterprise, and G. E. Rice the Chronicle.
At this time Pine street was the great business street; what Western avenue is now. Going up one side of this street in 1871 one would note that Kirtland Bros. had at this time a Free Stone factory valued at $10,000. L Poppe's meat market in F. Scott's building did a business of $16,000 annually, Oles Cotie had a blacksmith shop, G. Neumeister had a hotel, J. McMichael a shoe shop, Frank Scott had a liquor store doing $50,000 of business an- nually, P. Lansiff had a hotel 44 by 100 feet, D. J. Moriarty had the Forest City Hotel, G. Simpkins a gun shop, E. Boyce & Son a meat market, and on the corner opposite, where the Hofstra House now stands, Warren Roberts had a saloon and restaurant. Next up Western avenue we find J. & D. Garvey's wholesale liquor store, above which was the office of Dr. McSherry, the oldest phy- sician in the city, next came Julius Slater's tobacco store, Thomas Hamilton, grocer, in the next building did a business of $70,000 a year; next Peter Bradley's tailor shop, then Julius Bernhard's liquor store, selling $20,000 worth a year, N. Steiner's boarding house and saloon is set down for $30,000 a year. Crossing Ryerson's Creek we find C. Allen keeps the Washington Hotel, Peter Dam does a heavy business at his boarding saloon, as also does P. Schnorback. A. Peterson has a meat market and restaurant.
1872.
Joseph Ireland, Mayor; I. Hilliard, Marshal. The Mayor in the latter part of the year was C. Davis. The salt well was being tested; National Bank increases its capital from $100,000 to $200,- 000. Farr Mill burned in August, and shortly before the Beidler Mill burned. The loss in the former case, was $90,000, insured $40,000. In May W. I. Birge, a book agent, fatally shoots his wife, and then shoots himself, so that he died at the court house the same day. Germania Lodge I. O. O. F. instituted L. Kanitz, N. G.
THE GREAT FIRE OF 1874.
On Aug. 1, 1874 the city was visited by the severest affliction it has yet experienced, which is still spoken of as the Great Fire. We append a full description written at the time for the News and Reporter :
On Saturday morning between twelve and one o'clock of Au- gust 1, 1874, Hart's boot and shoe store on Western avenue was discovered to be on fire. A strong west wind was prevailing and in a few minutes the fire had leaped the street wrapping Leonard's block in a sheet of flame. The fire then rushed down the avenue with frightful rapidity, and then upwards and across the town, pass- ing over a large area with incredible speed. The fire departments were promptly on hand, and through their energetic movements prevented the fire from destroying another building on the avenue above Terrace street, but beat it off and away from the more valua- ble business and residence portion of the city. In less than one- half hour the business blocks between the corners of Western ave- nue and Terrace street, and Center street and Terrace to Pine, were one sheet of fire, and in less time than it takes to write it, the fire had swept across Pine street, lapping up everything in its way, until reaching Ryerson, Hills & Co's mill and office, it was stayed in its further progress by the engine and fire appurtenances of that
mill. During this time the fire fiend had spread itself over the blocks between Pine and High streets, devouring everything on both sides of the street.
As soon as the fire was discovered to be beyond the control of our marine and city fire departments, the Grand Rapids and White- hall companies were telegraphed for, the latter arriving in about twenty minutes after the dispatch was sent. They both promptly took the positions assigned them, and fought the flames with com- mendable coolness and courage, and being assisted by a slight change in the wind succeeded in staying the destructive element in its further progress towards the best portion of the city.
It now became apparent to all that the course adopted by our Chief Engineer Cavanaugh and the Aldermen, and so admirably carried out by their assistants, in their fierce warfare with the fiend, was the best that could possibly have been devised, heading off the flames, and gradually drawing the lines closer and closer with the most indomitable pluck and perseverance ever exhibited. Our ma- rine department rendered invaluable assistance in keeping the reser- voirs filled with water for the use of the other engines. The fire being under control east of High street, now made a flank move- ment and galloped off in the direction of the Holland church, on Spring street, and northeasterly towards the railroad, where it con- tinued burning for some time.
As near as we can estimate, about 70 business houses, with probably two-thirds of their merchandise, are destroyed; also about 200 residences, besides barns, outbuildings, etc., aggregating a loss of from $300, 000 to $500,000, with less than one-third of the amount covered by insurance. About 200 families are rendered homeless, and one-fourth of the city is laid in ashes.
The following revised list of business houses destroyed, is, we are assured, correct. We wish it understood that these are the sustained losses exclusive of the insurance:
WESTERN AVENUE.
NAMES. TOTAL LOSS.
Sibley's drug store. .$1,500
Cooper & Co's. liquor store .. 3.500
Drs. Tatman & McPherson's ... 300
Jas. Snow's law office. 400
Dr. Donaldson's office 1,200
Two buildings and saloons 1,200
Herbsts' block 4,500
Sibley's office 200
Krebb's harness shop.
Martin's grocery 1,800
Franke's saloon 300
Herbst' & Co's clothing store.
2,500
Potter's law office.
500
Blake's building and grocery
... 3,000
Quinn's drug store
3,000
Picture gallery
500
Shoe store 2,000
National hotel 5,000
Schnorbach & Co's store. 4,000
Saloon and building
800
Thomas' grocery
1,500
Jacob's clothing store 1,500
Weller & Reul's shoe store. 2,500
McNealy' restaurant 500
Ba'birnie, undertaker
300
Towl's grocery store.
Balbirnie's shoe shop
100
Bourrett's Academy 200
Dudbridge's millinery shop .... Grotes' hair dresser
1,000
Goldman & Wienberg's store.
5,500
Robert's buildings. 1,000
Larsen's building
800
Garvey's grocery. 3,500
Sullivan's saloon
400
Dr. McSherry's office. 500
Beans' saloon and building 600
Shears' boarding house
300
Restaurant 500
Covert & Co's. cigar store. 400
Perlinsky, furnishing goods .. 3,000
Keck's jewelry store 500
Hamblin's blacksmith shop ... 600
Bronson's building and saloon. 2,000
Parker's store
€00
TERRACE STREET.
Stephen Bro's carpenter shop. 500
Scott's liquor store. 3,200
Holt's hall 700
Boarding house. 800
Lakeside printing office. 2,500
Whittaker & Co's .. 5,500
O'Harrow's buildings. 1,000
NAMES. TOTAL LOSS.
Shoe store and building 2,800
Saloon and building. 1,000
Peck & Co's. dry goods store. 2,500
Sawyer's shoe store 3,000
Hart's shoe store. 3,800
Saengerbund hall 400
Leonard's buildings 4,500
Anthony's cigar store 700
700
Gustin's building 1,000
Thibbout's clothing store 1,800
Lenhoff's clothing store .. 2,500
Robert's block.
3,500
Lasser's barber shop ..
Robert's building
600
Bronson's feed store. 4,500
1,200
Jeanots' building
600
4,500
Crotty's grocery store. 1,000
2,500
Root's saloon
400
Dr. Highwarden's office. 150
400
Thomson's restaurant.
Fitzgerald's bakery 300
Olson's buildings 1.800
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HISTORY OF MUSKEGON COUNTY.
PINE STREET.
Odell's drug store. 3,000
Kelly's feed store .. 600
Odell's block
1.500
Mill's building .. 2,000
Jerrold's barber shop. 200
Bradford s & Co's. 400
Fleming's grocery 3,000
Bradford & Co's. building 800
Brown's building 1,500
Crotty's blacksmith shop. 700
Haas & Hammer's market. 4.500
Nenmeister's hotel and saloon. 3,500 MeMichael's shoe shop 800
Kockling's grocery.
3,500
Haupts' saloon 800
Lansiff's building. 1,800
Roberts' building. 1,500
Forest City house, etc 6,500
Kempt's boarding house. 4,000
Bauman's shoe shop .. 200
Bodendoerfer's 300
Fagan's saloon. 250
Krebb's gun shop. 400
Boice's market 500
Moyer's hotel and saloon 2,500
Kent's building. 500
Scott's building and barn. 3,500
Luder's saloon. 250
Hood & MeKay's block. 3,000
E. Tubby's building 600
Bradford & Co's. feed store. 500
The only thing known as to the origin of the fire is the account of a colored man who says that on examining the cause of the smoke on Western Avenue and Terrace Street, he found a barrel of old papers had been set on fire under a stairway, and so rapid was the progress of the flames that he was unable to extinguish them. He rushed to procure aid and soon a number of men came to his as- sistance, but the northwest wind was so strong that it overpowered their efforts.
Mayor Houseman, of Grand Rapids, and the Mayor of Big Rapids, offered to send aid to the sufferers, which was thankfully declined; and it may here be noted that although Muskegon has.al- ways aided sufferers in the past, such as those of Holland City and Chicago, and the Michigan sufferers of 1881, and is ready to do her part in the work of charity again, she manfully struggled through her calamity of 1874 without outside aid.
Measures were immediately taken by the city council to enact strict fire limits by-laws, and to appoint special fire guards. The council at that time was Aldermen Hetz, Olson, Torrent, McGordon, Glue, Bronson and Mason-the Mayor was Major C. Davis, who was chairman of the Relief Committee.
There were five engines employed at the fire, two belonging to the city, one to the Mason Lumber Co., one to Whitehall and one to Grand Rapids. 500 feet of hose laid down on Western Avenue was burned before water could be pumped into it., Fifty men were delegated to search for secreted plunder and a considerable amount was recovered. A large number of thieves were arrested and jailed for their kleptomaniac performances. 300 persons came on an ex- cursion from Grand Rapids to see the effects of the fire, and visitors from other places were numerous. In the same issue of the News & Reporter, in which the fire is described, an account is given of the proposed new National Bank Block and Mason's block, and "Messrs. Wood, Newell, Sanford & Co.," are warned that unless they make vigorous exertions "Messrs. Mason, Davis, McReynolds & Co.," will change the business centre to the western part of the town.
ELECTION, 1874.
In Oct. 1874, the election excitement ran high, Governor Bag- ley, of Wayne Co., being Republican candidate for Governor, and Wm. B. Williams being up for Congressman for Fifth District. The Republican candidates for county offices were: Sheriff, A. P. Horton, of Laketon; Prosecuting Attorney, A. T. McReynolds, Mus- kegon; Clerk and Registrar, David McLaughlin, of Muskegon; Cir- cuit Court Commissioner, J. Emmet Jamison, of Muskegon; Sur- veyor, Thos. Smalley, of Muskegon; Coroners, G. J. Moog, White- hall; and James Balbirnie, Muskegon; Republican County Com- mittee: O. B. Curtis, A. C. Ellsworth, Jos. Heald, T. C. Stinson, D. M. Laughlin.
C. D. Nelson, of Muskegon, was nominated for State Senator, and C. C. Thompson, Whitehall, as Representative. The elec- tions took place on the 5th of Nov. 1874. In Whitehall the Repub-
lican ticket was elected excepting the County Treasurer, with a re- duced majority. The amended constitution had 75 votes in its favor to 37 against. Charles H. Cook, who was what was called a "Re- form" Candidate for County Treasurer, was elected by a large ma- jority.
The result of the county elections was Nathan Whitney (Ref.) was elected to the Legislature by 4 votes over Hon. C. C. Thomp- son. C. H. Cook (Ref.) by 635 over E. Stafford (Rep.) for County Treasurer. Major Ryan (Ref.) by 429 over A. P. Horton, Repub- lican, for Sheriff. Cel. McReynolds by 149 over A. C. Chamber- lain for Prosecuting Attorney. D. Mclaughlin (Rep.) 325 more than D. Upton (Ref.) for Clerk and Registrar. Jamison (Rep.) 89 majority over Carroll (Ref.) for Circuit Court Commissioner. Re- publican Coroners elected by 48 majority.
1881.
During this year greater activity was exhibited in the timber bus- iness than in any previous year, and this extended to all classes of manufacturers. The Monroe Manufacturing Company, the Car and Engine Works, and many other industries are started. Ryerson, Hills & Co. tore down their old mill and rebuilt. Great building activity prevailed on every hand. The new city hall, after the ques- tion had passed through litigation, was commenced. The Newaygo road murder is committed, and the murderer sent to State's prison; Neil Mckinnon's body found in the lake, Henry Slater's body found in the marsh, both affairs being mysterious. There was a great fire among the piled lumber at the Bay mills, loss 1,500,000 feet, which was covered by insurance. Mr. Harford retires from the Chronicle, selling it to McKay & Dana. The great strike of saw mill workers takes place, and the military are called on to protect the mills, owing to some difficulty in North Muskegon.
1882.
The contest this year was a sharp one, there being two tickets, one the "Workingmen's," the other the "Citizens." The former were elected by large majorities, with the exception of Mr. Smalley as Supervisor of the 2d Ward, who was on the "Citizens" ticket.
The following are the majorities given: Mayor, Nelson De- Long, 969; Treasurer, Sake A. Hofstra, 981; Recorder, E. W. Thayer, 1,120; Justice of the Peace, (full term), J. R. Hinds, 1,164; Justice of the Peace, (to fill vacancy), Allen Mosher, 1,189.
FIRST WARD.
Alderman, Wm. Jones, 484; Supervisor, Henry Schroeder, 407. SECOND WARD.
Alderman, Wm. F. Wiselogel, 196; Supervisor (citizen), John B. Smalley, 14.
THIRD WARD.
Alderman, Mr. Hughes, 122; Supervisor, John Ryan, 132.
FOURTH WARD.
Alderman, Wm. Glue, 265; Supervisor, Dennis Dowling, (on both tickets), 379.
The following are the appointed officers: Chief Fire Dept., P. J. Connell; Marshal, John Brown; City Surveyor, John B. Smal- ley. Major Wm. L. Ryan was elected Police Justice and Alderman Wintermute, President of the Council.
Mayor DeLong appointed the following standing committees for the ensuing year: Finance, Jones, Wintermute and Hughes; Fire, Nelson, Doran and Glue; Gas and Lamp, Glue, Nelson and Drinan; Health and Cemetery, Nelson, Doran and Wiselogel; Li- cense, Doran, Drinan and Glue; Ordinance, Drinan, Nelson and Hughes; Printing, Wiselogel, Wintermute and Jones; Police, Hughes, Wintermute and Jones; Streets, Wintermute, Wiselogel, Drinan and Glue; Water, Glue, Hughes and Wiselogel.
58
HISTORY OF MUSKEGON COUNTY.
New saw mills are erected increasing the capacity on the lake by 15 per cent. A fine salt block is erected by Ryerson, Hills & Co. . The Chronicle purchases the Journal, and the Evening Mail com- pany commence. J. Emmet Jamison, Circuit Court Commissioner, dies of consumption, and in April Probate Judge Wylie suddenly expires from heart disease. The great strike of the Booming Com- pany's men and saw mill men commences about the first of April, and is extending into May. Nelson Patterson retires from the Hof- stra House, and McCloskey & Stubbins take possession, changing it into the "Arlington."
The city now has a population of 16,000. The villages of North Muskegon, Lakeside, Bluffton, and Port Sherman, which are all connected with Muskegon by ferry or street railway, have an ag- gregate population of 4,000. These places combined have a popu- lation of 20,000 persons.
Among the manufacturing establishments located in the above mentioned places are:
Thirty-six saw mills, employing 3,600 hands; Booming Com- pany, employing 500 hands; car factory, employing 300 hands; railroad shops, employing 200 hands; basket factory, employing 125 hands; curtain roller factory, employing 100 hands; kindling and hame factory, employing 100 hands; engine shops, 80 hands; boiler works, employing 20 hands; two box factories, employing 100 hands; two shingle mills, employing 80 hands; five machine shops, employ- ing 200 hands; five planing mills, employing 100 hands; two saw factories, employing 20 hands.
Beside these there are a hub factory, a barrel factory, a bed spring factory, wagon factories, cigar factories, glue works, two ship yards, and many smaller establishments. The factories of the city give employment to more than 6,000 men.
SHIPPING.
In the year 1879 Muskegon shipped a considerable amount of lumber, the total number of arrivals for that year being 3,553, and the clearances 3,621.
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