USA > Michigan > Oakland County > History of Oakland County, Michigan, with illustrations descriptive of its scenery, palatial residences, public buildings, fine blocks, and important manufactories > Part 12
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The population reached the culminating point in 1870, when it stood at forty thousand six hundred and eighty-seven, by the United States census ; an increase of only about five per cent. for the decade. The war of the Rebellion drew off over three thousand six hundred who entered the army, and, no doubt, many more who left the county for various reasons. In 1874, according to the State census of that year, the population was thirty-eight thousand and forty-two, show- ing an actual falling off during the ten years of two thousand six hundred and forty-five. This was owing to a variety of causes. The return of peace brought with it a redundant currency, and great activity in various departments of indus- try, more particularly in the direction of railway enterprise. Many of the young men sought new fields of adventure in the west; the business built up by the war at Pontiac gradually fell off, and the tendency among the smaller farmers of the county was to sell and remove to a region where they could get cheap lands. The agricultural interests of the county have not by any means diminished, but the heavy land-owners are constantly buying out the weaker ones, and the lands of the county are being consolidated in fewer hands; and while the actual wealth of the various townships is undoubtedly increasing, yet the population is, for the reasons assigned, slowly diminishing. There is no probability that the rural population will increase; on the contrary, it will most likely diminish to a still smaller figure, and another decade will see the agricultural interests of Oakland County still more concentrated, but with an increase of capital and productiveness.
Improved breeds of all kinds of stock and every variety of improved farm machinery are being introduced, and the farmer of the future will be enabled to realize the greatest amount of production with a minimum of manual labor. The city of Pontiac has a very large trade, but the growth of Holly, Rochester, Oxford, and other points, will tend to divide it somewhat, and her business men can hardly hope for an increase except they encourage local manufactures. A judicious outlay of capital in this direction would undoubtedly result advanta- geously to the interests of the place.
Surrounded by a rich agricultural region, and beautifully situated, it needs but careful management to become one of the most flourishing inland cities of the interior of the State. The grain crops of the present year are bountiful beyond
* A portion of this time the cars were run upon wood "ribbons."
HISTORY OF OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
35
precedent. As a contrast to the present populous and flourishing condition of the county we append a few figures and statements for the year 1825, when the population was estimated at thirteen hundred and sixty-two.
The " Pontiac company" was taxed upon one hundred and eighty-six lots in and around the village of Pontiac, upon a valuation of eleven thousand dollars. In Pontiac and Auburn there were forty-six lots taxed to individuals. At that date there were in the county two hundred and eighty-two houses, forty-seven barns, and two thousand six hundred and twenty-one acres of improved land.
Major Oliver Williams, Colonel Stephen Mack, and John Sheldon were taxed on sixty acres each of improved lands, being the only ones in the county who could boast of that amount.
POLITICAL.
The political sentiments of the people of Oakland County, in the past and present, may be known by the result of the several presidential elections in which they have participated, beginning with the noted campaign of 1840, when Har- rison and Van Buren were the standard-bearers of the Whig and Democratic parties respectively.
At this election the vote was as follows, by townships :
Whig.
Demoerat.
Abolition.
Total.
Avon ...
185
148
342
Addison ...
25
67
92
Bloomfield
143
159
302
Brandon ...
46
39
85
Commerce.
86
96
1
183
Farmington
207
143
5
355
Groveland
85
47
132
Holly.
25
56
90
Highland
57
55
112
Independence
44
121
165
Lyon ...
133
111
244
Milford
104
63
167
Novi
181
112
293
Orion.
50
107
157
Oakland
63
107
170
Oxford
77
Pontiac
178
211
7
396
Royal Oak
92
81
Rose
37
4.5
...
82
Springfield
84
31
115
Southfield
108
86
194
Troy
157
134
291
Waterford
64
115
179
West Bloomfield.
77
102
179
White Lake
45
60
+ 4
109
Total
2353
2365
26
4744
At the election of 1844, the Democratic vote was 2833; the Whigs numbered 2225; and the Abolitionist seed had grown into a crop of 377 votes-making a total cast of 5435. In 1848, the Democrats polled 2781, the Whigs 1942, and the Free-soilers 694 votes. In 1852, the Democratic poll numbered 3178, the Whigs tallied 2376, and the Abolitionists cast 552 votes-the total footing up 7006 votes. In 1856, the Republicans cast 4105 votes, the Democrats 3276, and there were 81 votes scattering-7462 in all. In 1860, the Republican vote was 4411, the Democratic 3768, and scattering, 102-a total of 8281 votes. In 1864, the Democratic vote was 3816, and the Republican 3709-a total of 7525. In 1868, the Republican vote was 4737, and the Democratic 4442-total, 9179. In 1872, the Republicans polled 4490 votes, the Democrats gave Mr. Greeley 3327, O'Conor received 202, and Black 76-total poll, 8095 votes. In 1876, the poll in the several townships was as follows :
Rep.
Dem.
Cooper.
Smith.
Total.
Addison .
75
184
1
260
Avon.
251
248
23
...
Bloomfield
270
216
...
9
381
Commerce.
193
170
...
...
363
Farmington ..
269
181
4
454
Groveland
150
135
2
287
Highland
208
119
5
2
332
Holly
292
324
2
618
Independence
135
246
381
Lyon.
231
119
4
356
Milford.
285
275
568
Novi.
244
146
390
Oakland
74
193
1
270
Orion
110
341
Oxford ..
217
508
Pontiac township.
87
167
...
3
299
Royal Oak
210
150
360
Southfield
178
175
5
2
360
Springfield.
211
123
5
...
346
West Bloomfield.
124
160
...
...
284
White Lake .
97
182
...
...
-
Total
5053
5313
41
37
10,446
POPULATION OF THE COUNTY.
The population of Oakland County for different periods since its organization has been as follows :
Total Population.
Colored.
In 1820
330
9
" 1830.
4,910
19
" 1840.
23,646
56
" 1850.
31,270
64
" 1854 (by State census).
31,757
" 1860 (by United States census)
38,261
309
" 1864 (by State census).
35,625
.....
" 1870 (by United States census).
40,867
" 1874 (by State census).
38,042
290
The falling off from 1860 to 1864 was no doubt a consequence of the war, though the number of troops credited to the county-three thousand six hundred and forty-four-does not equal the apparent difference.
The relative rank of the county in 1854 was second in the State; in 1864, fourth ; in 1870, fifth ; and in 1874, seventh.
CENSUS OF THE COUNTY FOR 1874, BY TOWNSHIPS.
Addison
987
Oakland
972
Avon ..
1856
Orion
1186
Bloomfield
1912
Oxford.
1342
Brandon
1170
Pontiac township.
1021
Commerce,
1276
Pontiac city
3651
Farmington.
1791
Rose ..
1084
Groveland
1095
Royal Oak
1542
Highland
1267
Southfield
1451
Holly
2507
Springfield
1247
Independence.
1274
Troy ...
1550
Lyon ...
1271
Waterford
1231
Milford.
2069
West Bloomfield
1046
Novi.
1282
White Lake.
1002
Total.
.38,082
The estimated population of the county for various other periods, based upon the votes, was as follows :
1825, vote 454; population 1362. 1829, vote 589; population 1767. 1835, vote 1478; population 7390.
LANDS. 1
The total area of Oakland County, supposing every section to be full, is nine hundred square miles, or five hundred and seventy-six thousand square acres. According to the State census of 1874 there were five hundred and thirty-six thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight acres of taxable land, with sixteen hun- dred and sixty-two acres exempt from taxation. The four hundred and fifty lakes of the county cover an approximate estimate of twenty thousand acres. The balance of the calculated area, amounting to seventeen thousand four hundred and twenty acres, is accounted for by the fractional sections along the west side of each township, which diminish, as they get farther from the base-line, by the areas of c mill-ponds not estimated, by discrepancies in surveys, etc.
The area of improved lands, according to the same authority, was three hun- dred and thirty-one thousand one hundred and sixty-six and one-quarter acres. The number of farms in the county was four thousand two hundred and fifty- three, and the number of acres included in them four hundred and twenty-five thousand six hundred and seventy-seven, making an average to each farm of one hundred and one-eighth acres.
The kinds of land exempt from taxation are homesteads settled not more than five years, school-building sites, church and parsonage sites, cemeteries, owned by persons unable to pay taxes, railways, public parks, fair-grounds, and sites for library, scientific, benevolent, and charitable institutions.
The total value of these exempt lands in Oakland County, including improve- ments, was, in round numbers, five hundred thousand dollars .* There appears to have been in 1874 one homestead of forty acres exempt.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS.
Oakland County stands deservedly high in its agricultural productions, though its apparent standing, as compared with other counties in the State, is largely owing to its greater area. it being the largest in the lower peninsula, with the single exception of Sanilac, which is comparatively a new county, with a much larger proportion of waste land.
. In the production of wheat for 1873 (the latest statistics), it ranked third, Calhoun and Washtenaw exceeding it. In the production of Indian corn it stood sixth, the counties exceeding it being Calhoun, Hillsdale, Jackson, Lena- wee, and Washtenaw. In all other grains it ranked number one. In the pro- duction of potatoes it stood at the head of the list. In the number of tons of hay cut it ranked third, Jackson and Lenawee exceeding it. In wool it stood second, Washtenaw alone exceeding it. In pork it was ninth, the counties of Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Hillsdale, Kalamazoo, Lenawee, and St. Joseph exceeding it. Its cheese product stood second, Lenawee only exceeding it. In butter it was also second to Lenawee county.
...
Troy ..
257
132
394
Waterford
127
214
...
5
254 1032
Pontiac city
442
587
...
Rose.
142
157
...
...
...
: #10 5
3 : 0 00
488
Brandon.
174
198
...
...
...
...
...
.
60
...
137
173
...
X
...
...
287
225
:264 6 4
334
279
* This does not include the new State insane asylum.
7
: 0
522
2
36
HISTORY OF OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
The total productions of the county under this head, for the year 1873, were as follows :
Wheat, bushels, 846,714 ; corn, bushels, 945,533 ; all other grains, 879,291; potatoes, bushels, 332,106; hay, tons, 54,648; wool, pounds, 595,180; pork marketed, pounds, 2,092,097; cheese made, pounds, 263,057; butter made, pounds, 1,824,391 ; dried fruit for market, pounds, 64,774; cider made, barrels, 10,307 ; wine, gallons, 480; maple sugar, in 1874, pounds, 22,800.
PRODUCTIONS OF ORCHARDS, VINEYARDS, AND GARDENS.
In acreage of orchards Oakland County stood second, having 12,932, and Berrien, 14,001. In the cultivation of the vine it is reported as having only 19+ acres in 1873; in berries and small fruits it had 53 acres, and in melons and garden vegetables 360 acres, standing fourth in the list, Berrien, Eaton, and Wayne exceeding it.
The productions in this branch of industry for 1872 and 1873 (part of the various crops being given for these years) was as follows :
Apples, bushels, 517,642, being the largest amount produced by any county in the State, Lenawee coming next with 404,000 bushels; peaches (a very small showing), 287 bushels; pears, 3824 bushels, being second to Berrien only, the latter producing 9591 bushels ; cherries, 8415 bushels, being the largest amount reported in the State; grapes (small), 399 hundredweight; strawberries, 603 bushels ; currants and gooseberries, 522 bushels ; melons and garden vegetables, 55,203 bushels, being second only to Wayne county. The total value of all fruits and garden vegetables was $184,884, being the fifth in the State, Berrien, Hillsdale, Lenawee, and Wayne exceeding it.
LIVE-STOCK.
Oakland also ranks high among her sister counties in the production of live- stock, standing first in the number of horses, second in milch cows and sheep, and tenth in swine.
The number of the various kinds of animals in the county in 1874 was as follows : horses, one year old and over, 14,136; mules, 149; work oxen, 333; milch cows, 14,397.
Neat cattle, one year old and over, excluding oxen and milch cows, 11,626; swine, over six months old, 13,698; sheep, over six months old, 126,370; sheep sheared in 1873, 128,193.
MANUFACTURES.
In the line of manufactures Oakland County does not rank very high, owing largely to her lack of heavy water-power; nevertheless, she is credited with the largest number of flouring-mills of any county in the State,* and makes a very respectable showing in several other branches. The total number of manufac- turing establishments in the county in 1874 was one hundred and four, of which thirty-five were operated by steam, fifty-two by water-power, and the remainder by other power. They employed three hundred and eighty-eight hands; had a capital of five hundred and forty-nine thousand two hundred dollars invested, and turned out a value in finished work of one million two hundred and ninety- two thousand one hundred and ninety-six dollars. t
THE OAKLAND COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
A society by the above name was organized October 6, 1830, with the follow- ing officers: Hon. Wm. Thompson, president; Amos Mead and S. V. R. Trow- bridge, vice-presidents ; Calvin Hotchkiss, John W. Hunter, Joseph Morrison, Oliver Williams, Abner Davis, Ezra Rood, Erastus Ingersoll, directors; and Cyrus A. Chipman, secretary and treasurer. The society adopted a lengthy constitution and set of by-laws, and never met again.
.
On the 22d day of February, 1838, another society was organized under the same name, with the following officers : Amos Mead, president ; Samuel Satterlee, 1st vice-president ; Amasa Andrews, 2d vice-president; John Goodrich, recording secretary ; Geo. W. Wisner, corresponding secretary; Wm. Draper, treasurer ; Hiram Barrett, of Commerce, John Hibbard, of West Bloomfield, Joseph Morri- son, of Pontiac, S. A. L. Warner, of Farmington, and Wm. Thompson, of Avon, directors. This society also adopted a constitution, and decided to hold a fair October 31, 1838, and offered ninety-eight dollars in premiums ; but the induce- ments did not appear to be sufficient to get the people interested, as no fair was held, so far as report goes, and no other was called, and the society again lapsed.
On the 17th of January, 1842, another society was organized under the same name, with the following officers: Amos Mead, president; Joseph Morrison, S. V. R. Trowbridge, and Daniel Windiate, vice-presidents ; Seth Beach, secretary ; O. D. Richardson, treasurer; and the following board of managers: Nathan
Bower, of Farmington, E. R. Kearsley, of Avon, John W. Hunter, of Bloomfield, John F. Hamlin, of Avon, John Emery, of Novi, J. B. Davis, of Pontiac, Asahel Fuller, of Springfield, W. G. Stone, of Troy, Clark Johnson, of Independence, and D. F. Johnson, of Holly. They did not adopt a constitution, but it made no difference, no report of any further business being done is to be found.
In 1849 an organization was effected on July 7, under an act of the legislature, approved April 16, 1849, for the encouragement of agriculture, manufacturing, and mechanical arts. Horatio N. Howard was the secretary and Asa B. Hadsell treasurer. The first fair was held October 9, 1850, and five hundred and fifty dollars in premiums were paid, among them the following first awards : On cattle, J. B. Ward, best short-horns ; J. L. Brownell, best Devons ; Daniel Whitfield, best working oxen. Horses, Luman Fuller, best stallion and best pair matched horses ; Wm. White, best brood-mare; F. A. Williams, best merino sheep ; Wm. Whit- field, best boar ; Jno. Valentine, best breeding sow ; M. B. Smith, best plow ; John Windiate, best butter; John Griffith, best cheese ; Mrs. G. W. Collins, best pair wool blankets ; Mrs. Perry, best needlework ; L. Bronson, best and greatest variety apples.
At the fair of 1851 Hon. J. B. Hunt delivered an address, and that year the board of supervisors appropriated two hundred and twenty-five dollars for the assistance of the society, and in each succeeding year since that time a tax has been levied or an appropriation made of greater or less amount, in furtherance of the objects of the society.
At the fair of 1876, held in the early part of October, there were premiums awarded to the amount of $1033, distributed as follows : On cattle, $266; horses, $260 ; sheep, $97; swine, $19; sheep, $13; carriages and farming implements, $85; miscellaneous articles, $69 ; needlework and embroidery, etc., $95 ; natural flowers, $23; domestic arts, $69; fruits and vegetables, $45; wine, $8; grain, $14. The society have obtained and prepared in a convenient and suitable manner ample grounds in the city of Pontiac, which are easily accessible and comfortable for exhibitors and their animals. The society is prospering, and creating yearly more interest in the objects for the encouragement of which it was organized.
BANKING.
The first bank of issue established in Oakland County was the Bank of Pontiac, which was a franchise of the Detroit and Pontiac Railroad Company, given the company by charter approved March 26, 1835, which charter allowed the railroad incorporators, or their successors, to locate and operate a bank of issue, under the name of the Bank of Pontiac, at Pontiac, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. The books for the subscription to the capital stock of the bank were opened on the 26th day of May, 1835, in Pontiac, and the whole amount, less one thousand dollars, taken, and ten per cent. in cash paid in on the same day. Bank-notes were shortly after put into circulation. On the 26th of July, 1836, the bank, by Sherman Stevens, cashier, called for the payment of ten five per cent. instalments, to be paid in on the stock subscriptions between Sep- tember 22 and October 3 of that year. During the suspension of specie pay- ments in the panic of 1837, the bank of Pontiac redeemed its bills in specie for a time, after all the other banks in the State had suspended. It finally collapsed, but was resuscitated by one Joseph Dows for a time, and E. B. Comstock became connected also with it; but it made a final exit after a short period, and the cur- tain dropped upon it forever.
The " wild cat" system, as the general banking law of 1837 was called, pro- duced six or more of the " failures" which depredated on the good people of Oakland County, four of them having their haunts in Pontiac, one in Auburn, and one in the rural solitudes of Troy.
The first one was " kittened" in July, 1837, and was yclept the Bank of Oak- land. It had a capital of fifty thousand dollars, and its board of directors was as follows : Daniel Le. Roy, president ; G. O. Whittemore, cashier ; Schuyler Hodges, C. C. Hascall, Amasa Bagley, Olmstead Chamberlain, G. W. Williams, and Francis Darrow.
This was soon followed by another, called the Farmers' and Mechanics' bank, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, of which Schuyler Hodges was president, G. W. Williams cashier, and G. O. Whittemore teller.
In December, 1837, the Clinton Canal bank was established with the same amount of capital, Wm. S. Stevens being president and Alfred Treadway cashier of the institution.
In the early part of 1838 the Farmers' Bank of Oakland and the Bank of Auburn, each having a capital of fifty thousand dollars, were successively and successfully inaugurated, and all were issuing promises to pay, which the people, with more or less misgiving, received, and called money, and proceeded to cir- culate it as such as fast as possible. The circulatory power of the felidae proved to be of but short duration, as they all suspended payment in 1838, on the de- cision of the supreme court relieving the stockholders from any liability touch-
# Thirty-three mills.
t See history of the various villages, cities, and townships.
37
HISTORY OF OAKLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
ing the redemption of the bills of the banks. The Clinton Canal bank was reported in good standing with the State institutions in June, 1838; but in Octo- ber it was enjoined against further operations, and S. Beach appointed receiver of its assets.
The Farmers' and Mechanics' went by the board July 9, 1838, Wm. Draper being appointed receiver therefor, and the others were wound up shortly after. Samuel York, at Lee, was the receiver of the Farmers' Bank of Oakland.
THE SAFETY FUND SYSTEM
produced one bank only,-the Oakland County bank,-which was chartered April 28, 1836, and on the 2d of December, 1842, called in ten per cent. of the stock, being the first business done. An injunction had been laid upon its operations, but was dissolved, and the bank continued its business. On the 1st of March, 1843, its published statement exhibited the following as the condition of the bank :
Discounts.
.. $6,120.65
Exchange maturing in New York
3,633.28
Personal property.
3,681.75
Profit and loss.
6,302.19
Specie-paying
nk-notes.
10,512.79
15,336.79
Total assets
.. $35,074.66
Liabilities-capital stock
.. $25,000.00
Deposits
Circulation
$35,064.66
Excess of assets over liabilities other than to stockholders ..
. $18,697.81
J. L. Severance was the cashier.
In July, 1843, the bank statement showed the discounts to be $11,242.75, and its coin and notes of specie-paying banks and New York exchange $18,485.64, and its circulation had increased to $17,685. In August, F. A. Williams was president, A. B. Mathews and G. W. Rogers directors, and in October Norman Rawson was cashier. The real owner and operator of the bank, however, was one Wesley Truesdell, who also owned the Monroe bank, which he removed to Detroit and operated. The Oakland County bank suspended in 1846, after it had succeeded in getting out a large amount of circulation in Detroit. There were little or no deposits in the bank at the time of its failure, and the only loss that was incurred by its suspension was by those who held its promises to pay, in the shape of bills. The charter was repealed in 1847, and two years given the bank to close up its affairs.
No other banks of issue were established in the county until the National banks were founded under the national banking law. There are four of these sound and popular institutions in the county, established, officered, and operating as follows :
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF PONTIAC,
which was organized April 29, 1864, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, which has since been increased to one hundred thousand dollars. The first board of directors were W. H. Perry, Charles R. Durand, Theron A. Flower, Joseph R. Bowman, and Milton Seaman. Mr. Perry was elected the first president of the bank, but never qualified, and Mr. Flower was elected, but immediately resigned, and E. B. Comstock was elected in July, 1864. Milton Seaman was elected the first vice-president, and Chas. R. Durand the first cashier. The bank began busi- ness May 28. A. Gustin was elected vice-president in August in place of Sea- man, and Mr. Durand and Mr. Comstock resigned, and Jas. Andrews was elected president and Comstock cashier. The officers remained unchanged through 1866 and 1867. The first dividend. was paid to stockholders May 2, 1865, and was eight per cent. on the first fifty thousand dollars and three per cent. on the second fifty thousand dollars of capital. The capital stock was increased in April, 1865. In 1868, E. W. Peck was elected president, Chas. Dawson vice-president, and Mr. Comstock cashier. In 1869, Mr. Dawson was promoted to the presidency, D. R. Shaw was made vice-president, and Mr. Comstock was retained as cashier, and A. H. Comstock given the position of assistant cashier, and there was no change in the officers until 1874, when David Ward was elected president, Edw. W. Peck vice-president, Chas. Dawson cashier, and Henry J. Gerls assistant cashier. In 1875 the vice-presidency was changed only, W. W. Gray coming in. In 1876, Mr. Gray succeeded to the presidency, and J. D. Norton came into the vice-presidency. In 1877, Mr. Dawson changed the cashier's chair for the president's, and Mr. Norton to the vacated chair, Reuben Adams being called to the vice-presidency, Mr. Gerls remaining the courteous assistant. The semi-annual report of the First National, made July 1, 1877, shows the total net profits of the bank to have amounted to $154,448.16, of which $132,625 have been paid to stockholders, $20,000 passed into the account of surplus funds, and $1823.16 remain as undi- vided profits. The following quarterly statement, published in July, 1877, shows the condition of the bank at the close of business, June 22, 1877 :
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts ..
.$190,403.72
Overdrafts.
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