USA > Michigan > St Clair County > History of St. Clair County, Michigan, containing an account of its settlement, growth, development and resources, its war record, biographical sketches, the whole preceded by a history of Michigan > Part 75
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The Port Huron & Northwestern is one of the few roads which escaped the tongues of the envious and suspicious -- it proved entirely satisfactory. Not so with other roads mentioned in this work. Among all the great leading interests of the country, none has suffered more seriously, and we might add unjustly, than railway property Indeed for years it was the special object of bitter attack and unrelenting hostility. If certain ruin-driving journals were to be believed -- and in the fury of the years of panic their efforts were but too successful -- the
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 483
managers of the railways of the country, embracing a property of hundreds of millions of money, were thoroughly corrupt-a set of thieves from president to track-master, each and all filching from the pockets of their stockholders to the full extent of their ability. Glaring in- stances of stupendous fraud, it is but too true, have been developed in railway management, but if the vast number of men who control other railways be considered, and this interest be compared with others, we doubt not that in banking, mercantile and other pursuits, a propor- tionate number of frauds would be found to exist.
APPORTIONMENT OF STATE TAX, 1881-82.
The amount of State tax apportioned to St. Clair County under various acts of the Legis- lature is as follows, for the year 1881-82 was $21,161.76 with $6,424.77 county indebtedness to the State aggregating $29,586.53. This sum was distributed as follows:
University-Aid, Act No. 32, 1873. 750 00
University-General and other expenses, Act No. 60, 1881. 1,379 63
Normal School-Current expenses, Act No. 100, 1881 .. 361 11
Normal School-Training School, Act No. 227, 1881. 462 96
Agricultural College-General and other expenses, Act No. 21, 1881. 925 36
Agricultural College-Experiments with Ensilage, Act No. 288, 1881.
18 52
State Public School-Act No. 120, 1881
771 30
Michigan School for the Blind-Current expenses, Act No. 47, 1881.
342 59
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb-General and other expenses, Act No. 92, 1881
770 37
State Reform School for Boys-Current expenses, Act No. 45, 1881.
657 41
State Reform School for Boys-Building and Special, Act No. 52, 1881.
310 19
Michigan Reform School for Girls-Building and general expenses, Act No. 112, 1881
1,825 00
State House of Correction-Building, etc., Act No. 90, 1881
71 64
Asylum for Insane-Eastern building, etc., Act No. 97, 1881
1,500 00
Asylum for Insane-Working capital, Act No. 223, 1881. 277 77
Asylum for Insane -- Michigan building, etc., Act No. 285, 1881 979 63
Asylum for Insane-New building, etc., Act No. 225, 1881. 925 93
Repairing south steps at Capitol, Act No. 22, 1881 92 59
Board of Fish Commissioners-Act No. 57, 1881
148 15
State Board of Health-Act No. 241, 1881 .
37 04
Military purposes-Act No. 171, 1879.
1,060 59
General purposes-Act No. 282, 1881. 7,493 98
County Indebtedness to State to be included in county tax, Act No. 163, 1871 6,424 77
$21,161 76
$29,586 53 Aggregate of tax and indebtedness to be apportioned.
i
484
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
PORT HURON TOWNSHIP AND CITY.
GEOLOGY.
P.@ >The lake and river shore in the vicinity of Fort Gratiot, is a low, gravelly ridge extend- ing nearly a quarter of a mile from the water front. where the ground rises suddenly to an altitude of twenty-five feet above the lake level, and retains this elevation with little variation to the banks of Black River. This elevated ground gradually approximates the St. Clair toward the fort, and, a few rods below, it becomes a perpendicular bluff in immediate contact with the water.
All the wells sunk in the county pass through the following formations:
Soil and yellow sand, 8 to 12 feet.
Compact blue clay, 85 to 100 feet.
Coarse sand and gravel, 1 to 10 feet.
Limestone shale intercalated with thin veins of sand and gravel, 875 feet.
Immediately beneath the strata of blue clay, immense quantities of gas have escaped in many places, and continue to escape, even after the lapse of a quarter of a century. At a depth of two or three feet in the limestone shales, pure water has always been obtained, which has risen in the wells about to the level of Lake Huron, or within ten to twenty feet of the earth's surface in this county. At the depth of 500 feet, salt water veins were struck, with a supply and strength to warrant investment in the manufacture of salt.
The soil is mostly a sandy loam, with a small proportion of marsh.
The physical peculiarities of the St. Clair and Black Rivers are noteworthy in many re- spects. Black River is formed chiefly by the superficial drainage of the bottom lands, the smaller tributaries constituting its origin, rising in the upland districts of the interior of the State. Its course through the low districts is tortuous, the current sluggish, the water highly colored with decomposing vegetable matter, to the extent of winning for it its name. In the early settlement of the country, it was navigated by small sailing craft, and later, for many years, a little steamboat traversed its turbid waters for several miles into the interior. Later again, its surface was covered with the products of the great pine forests floating to the mills at Desmond or Port Huron, and now, while the same commerce comes up, rather than down that river, it holds the same color still, inclining to be so conservative as to grow blacker as it grows older.
The St. Clair River presents many interesting features, alike as regards its physical relations and its connection with the early settlement and military occupation of the country. That the stream has undergone some very important changes since the historic period, scarcely admits of doubt. Tradition and the conformation of the adjacent country both indicate it. According to the Indian tradition, the ancient river channel was fully a half mile east of the present channel, and the Indian canoes passed directly from the lake into the head of Sarnia Bay. The river was then a broad shallow stream, fully four or five times its present width, and scarcely twenty feet in depth. The changes are the result of lake currents, carrying down the sands along the eastern shore, until near the outlet they gradually accumulated, forced the stream into a narrower channel, increased the rapidity and depth of the waters, and finally carved out a deep channel, where in olden times was a shallow stream. Within the decade ending in 1870, the American bank from Ft. Gratiot southward receded fully 100 feet, while a corresponding accretion took place on the Canadian side. In 1760, according to Maj. Rogers, of the British Army, the river, where it leaves Lake Huron, was about 500 yards wide, a distance more than twice its present width.
The climate is much healthier and pleasanter than in the interior of the State. Lying as it does on the St. Clair River, at the foot of Lake Huron, a large body of pure water rapidly
485
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
flowing past makes the atmosphere decidedly invigorating and bracing. A breeze from the lake or river is delightfully pleasant, and a sail upon the waters in a sailboat, yacht, or row- boat, gives one a new lease of life. The rate of mortality is less than in any other city of the same population in the country.
In such a country, at once lovely and romantic, stood the quiet, unpretentious, Franco- Indian village of Delude, and as the visitor walked lazily over its limits, listening to the mur- murs of the rippling waters of Indian Creek or Black River, and the rush and sometimes roar of the river, or watched the mist as it hung in twilight curtains about the groves, it requires no poetic imagination to trace in his mind's eye a long cavalcade of romance, chivalry and heroism proceeding from this spot in the days of barbaric domination, in its march over the world. And he, too, will muse upon the genius that once haunted the forests of the past, may be which had departed forever, and a gloom, not unlike superstitious dread, will only be dissipated when the past vanishes and the present rises before him in all its beauty and magnificence. We can envy the pioneers of the district and those primitive times. Then a single piece of calico would make the best dress for every woman in the place; the mournful tale of " nothing to wear" was never heard by the husbands or fathers of that period. The dry goods side of the store could be carried off in a wheel barrow, and the grocery department was exceedingly limited in variety. The staple articles were whisky, pork, flour and beans. If with a dozen barrels of whisky came two or three barrels of flour, the question was, " What in the dickens is to be done with so much flour?" There was at that time usually plenty of game and fish, and, in their season, wild fruits; but the hardships of pioneer life, while not perhaps involving actual suffering for food, and the accustomed comforts of life, were never- theless serious, and the monotony of existence sent many early adventurers back to the purlieus of civilization under more favorable surroundings. It was not until the land was opened up for homestead entry or purchase that immigration became active, the country began to fill up, and the necessity of an organized village became obvious. It will be thus seen that, not- withstanding the advantages of locality and its accessibility, it was not thought of as a site for a city for a period between the time Hennepin first ascended to the Upper Lake country and the year when the first settlers visited the scene, and decided to establish themselves here, out of the wilderness, to fashion a city which should some day be regarded as a city altogether lovely, altogether promising, the one among ten thousand to which the footsteps of active enterprise should be directed, and where the virtues of this life would be treasured and pro- moted through the instrumentality of agencies, by which alone the maintenance of order and the perpetuity of nations are firmly secured.
Among the American pioneers of the township, the first and most favorably known is Judge Zephaniah W. Bunce. James M. Gill, B. Sturges, S. Huling, James Young and A. F. Ashley, together with others mentioned in the assessment roll of 1821, were all pioneers of the township. When they arrived here, it was a country of Indians, pine, black ash, hem- lock and kindred woods. Notwithstanding the fact that a few French Canadians and their children were located on Black River, the township must be considered to be in its wilder- ness state, with savage men just calming down from the war heat of a few years before. Since their coming, the pine forests have disappeared, and everywhere throughout the township the works of the civilizers are evident.
Originally the name Desmond was bestowed upon the district, under which title it was organized in 1828, with Jeremiah Harrington, Supervisor. Susequently, the name was changed to Port Huron. The only post office outside Port Huron City was that of Marysville, formerly Vicksburg Village.
The value of real and personal property in the township is estimated at $255,375. The population in 1845 was 1,198, including the village; in 1950, 2,301; in 1854, 3,088; in 1864, 5,485, and in 1880, 9,893 (city, 8,883). The area of the township without the city, is 10,128 acres; the number of children of school age in the township, 435, and in the city, 3,003.
Throughout this State there cannot be found a more beautifully located township than Port Huron. Within its limits many of the early French settlers made their homes, there also that natural locater -- the Indian-built his wigwam, and squatted, so to speak, in the
486
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
midst of plenty. The lake and streams of the township offered the lazy red men their wealth of fish, the forest its game, and the soil its wild fruits, herbs and, in some cases, corn.
So many references have been made to the town of Port Huron in the general history of the county, and so complete are the biographical sketches of its citizens, little remains to be written here, beyond the special items pertaining directly to the township.
EARLY PATENTEES OF LANDS.
The first land purchasers in Township 6 north, of Range 17 east, are named as follows: Sections 2 and 3-477.50 acres were reserved for military purposes, since sold. Section 2 was located, 4.75 acres were deeded to Solomon Sibley December 15, 1818.
Section 4 -- 18.30 acres were reserved for military purposes, being northeast fraction of fractional section. Samuel Glidden patented 107.84 acres on this section November 26, 1824. Section 5 was patented by A. W. Comstock, Edme A. Goussant, Edward Bingham and George W. Dougall, in 1835-38. Section 6-Fortune C. White, James C. Kelsey, Z. Wright, Brad. L. Skiff, Jacob Miller, George P. McBride, Allen Ayrault, F. H. Stevens. Section 7-Abner Coburn, J. L. Kelsey, Seth Spencer, Myron Stevens, Amzi B. Botsford, W. and R. Hill. Sec- tion S-E. A. Goupant, Simeon Cummings, Cornelius Masten, J. W. Edmunds, J. L. Kelsey. Section 9-J. L. Kelsey 275 acres in 1835.
The Indian Reservation in this township was sold in May, 1839, to John King, John McDonnell, L. B. Mizner and Nicholas Ayrault. Francis P. Browning, Joseph Watson and Solomon Sibley were the first to buy land in Section 10. Anselm Petit located 74 acres in Section 11, June 10, 1824. Section 15 was entered by Versal Rice, Ira Porter, Stephen V. Thornton, A. Westbrook and George McDougall, between the years 1832-34. Meldrum & Parks, 640 acres, and the Otchipwe Reservation formed Sections 12 and 13. Stephen Hulin, Abner Coburn, S. Cummings, John A. McGrath, J. McGregor and C. Masten located Section 17, in 1835-36. Section 18 was entered by F. and R. Moore, in 1836, other buyers coming in the following year. Section 19 -- Dan Stewart, 1834, John Landon, S. Hutchins, Cummings San- born, L. Smith, F. and R. Moore, Alfred Hartshorn, Cyrus Moore, Benjamin Myers, McGrath and McGregor, entered lands in 1836. Section 20-Zebulon Kirby, H. W. Pressen, Adam Courtney, A. Coburn, Stephen Huling, Porter Camberlain, the Hills, McGrath and McGregor, in 1836. Section 22 -- Gerald Miller, James H. Woods, Stephen Warren, Lot Clark, Z. Kirby, S. Cummings, Jonathan Kearsley, 1823 to 1836. Section 22-Samuel W. Dexter, 1824. Section 30-Elisha Russell, 1835, John Allan, Rober and Smith, James B. Gorton, Josiah Loomis, John Dean, C. Sanborn, L. Smith, S. Hutchins, McGregor and McGrath, in 1836. Section 31-Alfred Hartshorn, E. N. Bangs & Co., Melvin Dorr, S. Yuran, John T. Heath, Daniel B. Harrington, A Westbrook, Sanborn, S. N. Dexter. Section 28-29 -- Zeph W. Bunce, B. Whiting, J. Bagley, James M. Gill, B. Clark, L. B. Mizner, L. Clark, S. Warren, M. H. Sibley. Section 32 -- Z. W. Bunce, C. Sanborn, Z. H. Gray, J. M. Gill, Edward Purcelle.
INDIAN RESERVE.
In Township 6 north, Range 17 east, or Port Huron Township, the Indian lands were sold May 22, 1839. The following were the purchasers: Thomas Tuters, John King, Jr., Fortune C. White, Shadrach Gillet, Ira Davenport, N. Ayrault, Lansing B. Mizner and John McDon- nell. The Indian lands in the township formed a tract of about 800 acres on Sections 9, 10 and portions of 13, 15 and 16.
SUPERVISORS OF TOWNSHIP AND CITY.
Jeremiah Harrington, 1828; John Kennelly, 1829-33; John Doran, Ralph Wadhams, 1834; John Kennelly, 1835; Cummings Sanborn, 1836; Ira Porter, 1837; Commissioners Board, 1838-41; John T. Heath, 1842; Peter F. Brakeman, 1843; John T. Heath, 1844; Peter F. Brakeman, 1845-46; John Thorn, 1847; John Wells, 1848; J. P. Minnie, 1849-56; H. L. Stevens, 1857-70-74; M. S. Gillett, 1857-64; A. F. Ashley, 1857-59; Edgar White, 1859- 66; I. Heald, 1859; E. W. Harris, 1859-66; J. Demarest, 1860-64; D. Whitman, 1860-63; William Kirwin, 1861; James Talbot, 1864-66; A. W. Clark, 1865; Amos James, 1865; J. Demarest, 1866
487
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
-71; Fred Shulte, 1866; R. W. Matthews, 1867; Joseph Wellman, 1867; John Newell, 1867; Rich - ard Casler, 1867; Edward White, 1868-74-80; D. Whitman, 1868; E. M. Cady, 1868; Edward Fitz- gerald, 1868; H. A. Beach, 1869; H. W. Stevens, 1869; T. K. Whitman, 1869; Charles Samberg, 1870-71; C. W. Robinson, 1870; J. J. Whitman, 1870; Otis Joslin, 1871; Ernest Ottenburger, 1871; N. S. Boynton, 1872; Thomas Dunfore, 1872; T. K. Whitman, 1872; B. C. Farrand, 1872-74; J. Demarest, 1873-80; C. B. Hubbard, 1873-74; George Brooks, 1873-74; S. T. Probett, 1874; H. L. Stevens, 1875-76; S. H. Robinson, 1875; H. A. Batchelor, 1875; M. Young, 1875; F. Whipple, 1875; John Hays, 1875; Joseph Wellman, 1876-78; James Talbot, 1876-78; Thomas W. Ward, 1876-79; H. Bradley, 1876; J. Montross, 1876-78; E. P. Tib- bals, 1877; H. J. Bradbeer, 1877-78; O. L. Jenks, 1877; J. Byron, Hull, 1878; L. B. Wheeler, 1879-80; S. H. Robinson, 1879; Daniel J. Penny, 1879; J. B. Montross, 1879; Joseph K. Gardner, 1879; R. W.Matthews, 1880; Joseph Wellman, 1880; James H. White, 1880; Thomas Schneider, 1880; Frank Ufford, 1880; John L. Newell, 1881; Lewis Atkins, 1881; S. H. Robinson, 1881; Edgar White, 1881; Napoleon Roberts, 1881; J. B. Montross, 1881; Thomas H. Schneider, 1881; Thomas W. Ward, 1881; Gage M. Cooper, 1882; R. W. Matthews, 1882.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Lorenzo M. Mason, 1839; John S. Heath, 1839; John Howard, 1839; Reuben Hamilton, 1840; George White, 1841; Lucius Beach, 1842; Peter F. Brakeman, 1842; Joseph P. Minnie, 1843; Reuben Hamilton, 1844; John Miller, Jr., 1844; Elisha B. Clark, 1845; Alfred Comstock, 1845; L. L. Bailey, 1846; Joseph P. Minnie, 1847; John McNeil, 1848; Harmon L. Stevens, 1849; Reuben Hamilton, 1850; Joseph P. Minnie, 1851; Harmon L. Stevens, 1853; Peter F. Brakeman, 1854; M. S. Gillett, 1852; A. W. Comstock, 1856; A. W. Clarke, 1857; Raymond Wright, 1857-58; Stephen Huling, 1857; D. M. Bunce, 1858; Timothy Barron, 1859; Henry A. Caswell, 1860; Alexander F. Ashley, 1860; A. W. Clark, 1861; Benjamin Burrows, 1862; R. J. Wright, 1863; J. W. Gustin, 1863; William C. Flana- gan, 1864; A. F. Ashley, 1865-68; A. W. Clarke. 1865 -68; Samuel Edison, 1866; Stephen Huling, 1867; Lewis Potts, 1870; F. D. Manuel, 1871; D. W. Bunce, 1871; Stephen Huling, 1872; Patrick Bourke, 1874; Burton C. Geel, 1875; James Butler, 1877; Richard Courtney, 1878; James Ryan, 1878; Miron Williams, 1879; William Mallory, 1880-81; William Jewett, 1881; Isaac Hubbard. 1881; Amsly W. Griffith, 1882; George W. Hoffman, 1882; E. G. Manuel, 1882; Felix Tousley, 1882; Joseph. P. Minnie, 1858-60; John McNeil, 1858-67; Asa Larned, 1859-62; Arnold Saph, 1859; Charles I. Hunt, 1861; Harmon L. Stevens, 1862 -- 69; John H. Mulford, 1863; John L. Newell, 1864; Michael McArron, 1866; Hermon Herzog, 1866; Edwin R. Seerly, 1868; Malcom Mckay, 1870-74; Robert P. Young, 1871; Asa Larned, 1873; H. L. Stevens, 1874-78; Jared Kibbee, 1875; William E. Leonard, 1876; Asa Larned, 1877; Malcom McKay, 1878; Harmon L. Stevens, 1879; J. M. Kane, 1880; Malcom McKay, 1882.
Two tickets were nominated in this township, viz., Democrat and Citizen, in April, 1882. The election resulted as follows:
Supervisor-J. L. Newell.
Clerk-C. A. Bailey.
Treasurer-J. B. Whitley.
Highway Commissioner -- John Allen.
Justices of the Peace-A. W. Griffith, four years; G W. Halfman, three years; E. G. Manuel, one year.
School Inspectors-Felix Towsley, A. W. Griffith.
Constables -- Horace Wells, Clarence King, Thomas Abbot, Ezra L. King.
The following list contains the names of those who were liable to pay State tax in Des- mond Township, January 1, 1837: James Scott, W. and J. Orvis, Clark & McCrary, Black River, Steam Mill Co., S. and J. B. Comstock, Halstead & Thornton, Hewitt & Bowen, J. H. King, Henry Harding, George M. Budd & Co., Shepherd and Bottsford, Elijah Burch, Whit- comb and Ashley, Jeremiah Scoville, the four last named being tavern keepers, the others merchants and traders.
4
488
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
BOUNTY FOR WOLF SCALPS.
At the period of organization, the northern and eastern sections of the township were sparsely settled, and were infested with wolves and other forest animals. Sheep and hogs could not be kept at all, unless closely watched by day and safely secured by night. The State offered a bounty of $8 for the destruction of each wolf, and the county added to this the sum of $3, in order to stimulate wolf hunters to greater exertion. The various townships offered bounties of from $3 to $5 for each wolf scalp brought to the Town Treasurer.
Having given you a sketch of the early white settlements, let us turn for a few moments to the aborigines. It was no uncommon sight to see a band of Indians with their squaws, papooses and ponies traveling through the country, or to see their wigwams at their favorite camping grounds, or to hear the tinkle of the bells on their ponies on a still night. On a beautiful elevation on the side of Black River, about sixty miles north from the site of the mills, was the remains of an old French trading post or hut. A fine spring of pure water issued from the bank and flowed into the river, but now flows underground. A deep worn path led from the village to the spring. The ground for some distance around the village was literally covered with bones of deer and other game that had been slain to provide food for the red men. Still further back from the river, scattered here and there among the pines, were a number of Indian graves, each being protected by a minature log house, or what more resembled the second floor of a pioneer cabin, covered with shakes as the pioneer covers his, the top being about three feet high. But the plow and the ax of the white man have swept them away, and naught is left to mark the spot where the red man sleeps his last sleep. About half a mile west from this village was the Indian planting ground or corn fields, and about three- quarters of a mile southwest was the Indian sugar-bush, or sugar-camp, and from the scars the trees bore, it had evidently been used as such for many a year. From this village an Indian trail ran up the river.
The trails were the Indian roads leading from one trapping post to another, and were often worn four or six inches deep. The second trail ran in a northwesterly direction along the river by the rapids above the village, and thence through the grove. Near this trail, on the south bank of what was then a small stream or brook, lay scattered here and there among the tall grass a number of human skeletons; who they were, or by what means they came to their death, is not known. Probably they fell in battle.
PORT HURON CITY.
This city is one of the most naturally attractive, as well as pleasantly located, in the State. The streets are nearly all broad, and richly shaded with large trees, the growth of forty years, and the entire aspect of the place is one that Goldsmith would have delighted to describe, so quietly restful and peaceful is the scene, and so far removed from the restless and, more portentous activities of large commercial centers. To the north, the broad river trails its beauteous way throughout the land, basking like a silvery serpent beneath the sun's glorious beams, while to the southeast and west extend the farms -- the richest portion of the county, presenting to the eye a most magnificent rural view. Any lover of nature will acknowledge the perfection and beauty of the whole picture, and perchance, may indulge a sigh that all the world, and every place in particular, is not so happily conditioned. The inhabitants are generally from the North Atlantic States, or are representatives of the Eastern States, all well known in our vernacular as Yankees, who dropped out of the ever-westward-flowing tide of their brotherhood, and settled down here.
To the people who came and remained we can say-you found a wilderness and cleared a place for habitation. You have taken from the mountains wealth to pay for labor; you have found at hand the clay for brick, the pine trees for lumber, and out of these materials built your towns. No better illustration is afforded anywhere of the skill and ingenuity of man. There is nothing great in this world but man, there is nothing great in man but mind. He found materials in nature's great storehouse; but he was the master, they his slaves. He found the land wild and inhabited by savages-lo! the change! The great stores, the busy banks, the restaurants, the hotels, stand where a few years ago the tangled underbush gave
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
shelter to wild beasts and creeping reptiles. The morning whistles, the school and church bells ringing from the hillsides, have supplanted the wild yell of the Indian. The newspaper, the great modern missionary, is abroad in your midst, and reports to you the outside world. The telegraph and telephone are yours; a railroad system is yours; a well organized society is yours. These are your statistics! This is your civilization! Withal, your neighbors in the old countries may enjoy some advantages which you do not; many live in the midst of culture, in a region of accummulated wealth, yet would you change places with them? Would you go back to the quiet life. so poor in experience, as the old past you left in your old home? Nay, tarry here, amid these scenes, full of the romance of promise, the mysteries of illimitable possibility, where opportunity-a goddess shy in the older communities, and coy and hard to win-extends a friendly hand on hill-top aud in vale, and fairly leads you to the summits of success.
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