USA > Michigan > Michigan as a province, territory and state, the twenty-sixth member of the federal Union > Part 20
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The Agricultural College was established near Lan-
338
MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE
sing in 1857. The general government made a grant of two hundred and forty thousand acres of public lands for its endowment. T. C. Abbott was its first president. As its name indicates, the college was intended to be a professional school for imparting instruction in the sciences upon which agriculture and the other practical arts of life depend. The course of study was modified, however, in the anticipation that the students would not take another course elsewhere. So it was expanded to include history, English literature, mental philosophy, and political economy. Such studies of a non-profes- sional character, therefore, were introduced as would give the graduate the most complete command of his acquirements in social and civil life. Another character- istic of the scheme was the labor system. Each student was required to give three hours a day to manual labor upon the farm, or in connection with it, under the direc- tion, and as far as practicable, under the eye of the pro- fessors of the college. Although some compensation was allowed for the work, the chief object was neither profit to the student nor to the college. It was con- ducted for the education of the student, upon the theory that the practical application of his studies to the farm, gardens, orchards, and stock, was most useful as a source of illustration and information.
The plan contemplated bestowing considerable atten- tion to experiments in a variety of directions. It was felt that the individual farmer who depended upon the products of his labor for his profits could not afford to give much time or attention to experiments. At the same time it was realized that discoveries and inventions have produced results of vast importance to the world, and therefore deserve encouragement. So the agricul- tural farm has always been, in a sense, an experiment farm, in which respect it has been encouraged by the
339
MICHIGAN AS A STATE
aid of the general government. The college was greatly hampered in its early years by lack of funds. The land grant did not furnish ready money, since the lands could not be immediately sold to good advantage. So the state came to the relief of the institution by mak- ing annual appropriations which enabled it to carry on its work to advantage. It expanded year after year and increased in public favor, as it became apparent that the work it was doing was worth to the state all it had cost. In recent years women have been admitted to its classes. This added a new feature of popular interest, since the special instruction given was quite as useful to one sex as to the other. In 1900 the college had fifty instructors and six hundred and twenty-seven students. Diplomas had been granted to eight hundred and twenty-seven graduates.
There are a number of denominational colleges which occupy an important position in the educational history of the state. One of the oldest of these is Hills- dale College, founded in 1855. Its buildings were erected at a cost of fifty thousand dollars, and it was organized with a classical college course under the presi- dency of Dr. Edmund B. Fairfield, one of the best known of our early educators. It also had an English scientific course, a ladies' course, and preparatory classes. It had invested funds made up from gifts from interested friends. In 1900 it had twenty instructors, three hundred and eighty-nine students and had granted nine hundred and seventy-one diplomas.
Kalamazoo College was founded in 1855, with Dr. J. A. B. Stone as president. Its aim was to furnish a thorough college course upon the best models of the time. Two colleges were in reality organized-one for men and one for women, with Mrs. Stone in charge of the latter. They occupied separate buildings and
P
340 MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE
grounds and were designed to be distinct institutions, though managed by a single board of trustees. The college was hampered by lack of adequate funds and endowment, but it continued upon the same high plane of moral and intellectual breadth which characterized its founders. In 1900 it had a faculty of fourteen, with one hundred and sixty-two students. It had then granted two hundred and seventy-eight diplomas.
Olivet College was founded in 1859 and was taken under the patronage of the "Society for the promotion of collegiate and theological education in the West." This society, which represented the organized benevo- lence of the Congregational and Presbyterian churches of the East, was of great assistance in forwarding the financial interests of the institution. Rev. Nathan J. Morrison was made its first president. It gained large denominational support not only in Michigan but throughout the West and never lacked students. In 1900 it had a faculty of twenty-five instructors, with two hundred and fifty-four students. Five hundred diplomas had been conferred upon graduates.
Adrian College was founded in 1859 and was liber- ally supported by gifts and endowments. It acquired in the course of a few years upwards of two hundred thou- sand dollars worth of property, a considerable portion of which was productive. It never made any great stir in the educational world, but quietly held its own through all the passing years. It had thirteen instruc- tors and one hundred and seventy students in 1900, and had graduated four hundred and eighty-nine.
Albion College was founded in 1861 upon an institu- tion which had long been known and had enjoyed large patronage and prosperity as Albion Seminary. It had the extensive and numerous Methodist denomination of the state behind it. The earnest and enthusiastic mem-
341
MICHIGAN AS A STATE
bers of this denomination would not permit their own educational institution to languish, and so it grew in resources, in strength, and in patronage. In 1900 it had a faculty of twenty-five members, with four hun- dred and seventy-five students. It had issued nine hun- dred diplomas to graduates. Dr. Lewis R. Fisk was many years its president.
Hope College was contemplated from the establish- ment of the Dutch colony at Holland. The general synod of the Reformed Dutch churches of the West in 1843 made a strong report in favor of taking up as speedily as possible plans for colleges and seminaries in the West. So it was brought forward at each yearly meeting and duly considered. But it was not until IS 5 1 that the way seemed clear to open an academy and then Elder Walter T. Taylor, who had conducted a flourish- ing institution at Geneva, New York, came on and took charge of a school, the funds for which had been pro- vided by the generosity of friends. Dr. Van Raalte had donated five acres of ground and upon this a building had been erected. Rev. John Van Vleck succeeded to the charge of the school in 1855 and continued in charge for four years. It steadily grew and flourished. In 1863 the legislature passed an act confirming the title of the general synod to the Holland Academy prop- erty and in 1866 it was organized as a college, endow- ments having been provided to enable it to carry on sys- tematic college work. Women were admitted in 1878. The institution had fourteen professors and one hun- dred and sixty-two students in 1900, and had graduated two hundred and twenty-five.
Detroit College was organized in 1881. It was estab- lished by wealthy Roman Catholics of the diocese of Detroit, who erected for it spacious and handsome buildings. It is in charge of the Jesuit order of the
1
342
MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE
church, which devotes itself to education. In 1900 it had fifteen professors and two hundred and twenty stu- dents. It had then granted one hundred and fifty-one diplomas.
Alma College was founded in 1887 as a Presbyterian college. In 1900 it had a faculty of nineteen and an attendance of two hundred and seventy-one students. Fifty-six had been graduated.
Battle Creek College was established in 1874 by the Seventh Day Adventist denomination. It had twenty- five instructors and three hundred students in 1900. As it only trains for christian workers, no classes have ever been graduated.
All the foregoing denominational colleges are organ- ized under the general laws of the state passed in 1855. There are a number of other educational institutions incorporated under the same law, the oldest of which is the Academy of the Sacred Heart in Detroit, founded in 1850. In 1900 it had twelve instructors and sixty students. Detroit Seminary was founded in 1859 and in 1900 had thirteen instructors and one hundred and thirty-two students. It had granted two hundred and twenty-six diplomas. The Michigan Military Academy at Orchard Lake was founded by Colonel J. Sumner Rogers in 1877. It drew students from all parts of the North and West and attained great eminence as a mili- tary school. In 1900 it had fourteen instructors and one hundred and forty-one students. It had then granted three hundred and thirty diplomas. St. Mary's Acad- emy at Monroe dates back many years as a seminary for young women. It was incorporated in 1890. Ten years later it had twenty in its faculty and two hundred and twenty-three students. The Detroit Home and Day School was founded by Prof. James D. Liggett in 1882, and after his death his daughter, Miss Ella Lig-
-----
1
-
343
MICHIGAN AS A STATE
gett, became principal. In 1900 the faculty numbered twenty-nine, with three hundred and ten students and two hundred and nine graduates. Benzonia College was organized in 1888 and in 1900 had fifty students and seven instructors; Akeley Institute at Grand Haven, founded in 1889, had twenty-six students and eight instructors; Michigan Female College at Kalamazoo was established in 1855. In 1900 it had nine instructors and thirty-five students. Raisin Valley Seminary at Adrian was organized in 1850, and in 1900 it had five instructors and thirty-two students. Academy of the Sacred Heart at Grosse Pointe Farms, founded in 1889, had in 1900 twenty instructors and sixty students. Nazareth Academy at Kalamazoo, founded in 1897, had twelve instructors and thirty-seven students in 1900; St. Mary's school at Sault Ste Marie, founded in 1898, had two years later five instructors and three hun- dred and seventy-two pupils.
Beside these academies and seminaries there were sev- eral professional schools. Detroit College of Medicine was founded in 1885. In 1900 it had one hundred and one instructors, four hundred and seven students and twelve hundred graduates. Grand Rapids Medical College, founded in 1897, had twenty-seven instructors, fifty-seven students and had graduated twenty-nine; Saginaw Valley Medical College, founded in 1896, had twenty-six instructors, eighty-three students and had graduated sixty-nine in 1900. Detroit College of Law, founded in 1893, had in 1900 twenty instructors, one hundred and fifty-eight students and had graduated two hundred and forty-two.
There were, beside, a number of schools with normal and business courses. The oldest of these was the Ben- ton Harbor College, founded in 1892, which had in 1900 fifteen instructors, three hundred and thirty-four
344
MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE
students; the Ferris Institute at Big Rapids, founded in 1894, had in 1900 eleven instructors, thirteen hundred and fifty students, and had graduated three hundred. The International Business College at Saginaw was established in 1896. Four years later it had six instruc- tors and two hundred and forty-three students; Grand Rapids Business University, founded in 1897, had three instructors and one hundred and forty-six students; Lansing Business College had three instructors and ninety-five students; Fenton Normal and Commercial College had eleven instructors and eighty-eight stu- dents; Three Rivers Business Academy and Normal School had four instructors and ninety students. Other well known and successful institutions of the kind more recently established are Cleary's Business College at Ypsilanti; Bay City Business College; Detroit Business University; Michigan Business and Normal College at Battle Creek, etc.
APPENDIX
POPULATION OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES OF MICHIGAN AS SHOWN BY THE UNITED STATES CENSUS RETURNS OF THE PAST FIFTY YEARS.
Counties
1850
1860
1870 696
1880
1890
1900
Alcona
185
3,197
5,409
5,691
Alger (a)
.
16,087
32,105
37,815
38,961
38,812
Alpena
290
2,756
8,789
15,581
18,254
Antrim
179
1,985
5,237
10,413
16,568
Arenac (b)
Baraga
Barry
5,072
13,858
22,199
25,317
23,783
22,514
Bay
3,164
15,900
38,08I
56,412
62,378
Benzie
....
2,184
3,433
5,237
9,685
Berrien
11,417
22,378
35,104
36,785
41,285
49,165
Branch
12,472
20,981
26,226
27,94I
26,791
27.811
Calhoun
19,162
29,564
36,569
38,452
43,501
49,315
Cass
10,907
17,721
21,094
22,009
20,953
20,876
Cheboygan
517
2,196
6,524
11,986
15,516
Chippewa (d)
898
1,603
1,689
5,248
12,019
21,338
Clinton
5,102
13,916
22,845
28,100
26,500
25,136
Crawford
1,172
2,542
6,812
15,330
23,881
Eaton
7,058
16,476
25,17I
31,225
32,094
31,668
Emmet
1,149
1,2II
6,639
8,756
15,931
Genesee
12,03I
22,498
33,900
39,220
39,430
41,804
Gladwin
1,127
4,208
6,564
Gogebic (f)
Gr'nd Traverse
1,286
4,443
8,422
13,355
20,479
Gratiot
4,042
11,810
21,936
28,668
29,889
Houghton
708
9,234
13,879
22,473
35,389
66,063
Huron
210
3,165
9,049
20,089
28,545
34,162
Ingham
8,631
17,435
25,268
33,676
37,666
39,818
Ionia
7,597
16,682
27,681
33,872
32,801
34,320
Iosco
175
3,163
6,873
15,224
10,246
Iron (g)
4,432
8,990
Isabella
1,443
4,II3
12,159
18,784
22,784
Jackson
19,431
26,67I
36,047
42,031
45,031
48.222
Kalamazoo
13,179
24,646
32,054
34,342
39,273
44.310
Kalkaska
..
424
2,937
5,160
7,133
Kent
12,016
30,716
50,403
73,253
109,922
129,714
Lapeer
7,029
14,754
21,345
30,134
29,213
27,041
Leelanaw (j)
2,158
4,576
6,253
7,944
10,556
Lenawee
26,372
38,112
45,595
48,343
48,448
48,400
Livingston
. . 13,485
16,851
19,336
22,251
20,858
19.66.4
..
548
3,233
6,505
4,957
Lake
(h)
4,205
4,325
3,020
3,217
Hillsdale
16,159
26,675
31,684
32,723
30,660
29,865
Charlevoix
(c)
1,724
5,115
9,686
13,956
Clare
366
4,187
7,558
8,360
I,159
2,962
2,943
Delta
Dickinson
(e)
.
347
IV-23
1,238
5,868
Allegan
5,125
5,683
9,821
1,804
3,036
4,320
17,890
13,166
16,738
Keweenaw
348 MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE
Luce
2,455
2,983
Mackinac (k)
3,598
1,938
1,716
2,902
7,830
7,703
Macomb
15,530
22,843
27,616
31,627
31,813
33,244
Manistee
975
6,074
12,532
24,230
27,856
Manitou (1) ...
136
2,821
15,033
25,394
39,521
41,239
Marqu'tte (m) Mason
93
831
3,263
10,065
16,385
18,885
Mecosta
970
5,642
13,973
19,697
20,693
Menominee
1,791
11,987
33,639
27,046
Midland
65
787
3,285
6,893
10,657
14,439
Missaukee
14,698
21,593
27,483
33,624
32,337
32,754
Montcalm
891
3,968
13,629
33,148
32,637
32,754
Montmorency
1,487
3,234
Muskegon
3,947
14,894
26,586
40,013
37,036
Newaygo
510
2,760
7,294
14,688
20,476
17,673
Oakland
31,270
38,261
40,867
41,537
41,245
44,792
Oceana
300
1,816
7,222
11,699
15,698
16,644
Ogemaw
389
4,568
2,845
2,565
3,756
6,197
Osceola
27
2,093
10,777
14,630
17,859
Oscoda
70
467
1,904
1,468
Ottawa
5,587
13,215
26,651
33,126
35,358
39,667
Presque Isle
26
355
3,113
4,687
8,821
Roscommon
1,459
2,033
1,787
Saginaw
2,609
12,693
39,097
59,095
82,273
81,222
St. Clair
10,420
26,604
36,66I
46,197
52,105
55,228
St. Joseph
12,725
21,262
26,275
26,626
25,356
23,889
Sanilac
2,II2
7,599
14,562
26,341
32,589
35,055
Schoolcraft
16
78
1,575
5,818
7,889
Shiawassee
5,230
12,349
20,858
27,059
30,952
33,866
Tuscola
291
4,886
13,714
25,738
32,508
35,890
Van Buren
5.800
15,224
28,829
30,807
30,54I
33,274
Washtenaw
28,567
35,686
41,434
41,848
42,210
47,761
Wayne
42,756
75,547
119,038
166,444
257,114
348,793
Wexford
650
6,815
11,278
16,845
Total
397,654 749,113 1, 184,059 1,636,937 2,093,889 2,420,982
a Organized from part of Schoolcraft, 1885.
b Organized from part of Bay, 1883.
c Part annexed to Emmet, 1890; part of Manitou annexed, 1896.
d Part taken to form Luce, 1887.
e Organized from Iron, Marquette, Menominee, 1891.
f Organized from Ontonagon, 1887.
g Organized from Marquette and Menominee, 1885.
h Isle Royale annexed, 1897.
j Part of Manitou annexed, 1896.
k Mackinac and 21 unorganized counties reported together in
1850. 1 Annexed to Charlevoix and Leelanaw, 1896.
12
1,914
5,583
7,765
Otsego
1,974
4,272
6,175
I30
1,553
5,048
9,308
Monroe
1,042
891
1,334
86c
:
Ontonagon
349
MICHIGAN AS A STATE
m Gladwin, Marquette, Montmorency, Otsego, Roscommon, Schoolcraft reported together and credited to Marquette in 1870. The reader will note that in the first half of the period covered above the agricultural counties increased in population very rapidly. In the last half they practically stood still, and in a few instances receded. The growth in the latter period was in the newer northern counties, especially those of the upper peninsula, where mining operations developed immensely. The Increase was also great in the counties containing the larger cities in which manufacturing industries were growing. The decadence of lum- bering operations was also felt in some sections.
350
MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE
POPULATION OF INCORPORATED CITIES IN MICHIGAN IN 1900, COMPARED WITH 1890.
Cities
1890
1900
Albion
3,763
4,519
Alpena
11,283
11,802
Ann Arbor
9,43I
14,509
Battle Creek
13,197
18,563
Bay City
27,839
27,628
Belding
1,730
3,282
Benton Harbor
3,692
6,562
Bessemer
2,566
3,91I
Big Rapids
5,303
4,686
Cadillac
4,461
5,997
Charlotte
3,867
4,092
Cheboygan
6,235
6,489
Coldwater
5,247
6,216
Crystal Falls
3,23I
Detroit
205,876
285,704
Dowagiac
2,806
4,151
Escanaba
6,808
9,549
Flint
9,803
13,103
Gladstone
1,337
3,380
Grand Haven
5,023
4,743
Grand Ledge
1,606
2,16I
Grand Rapids
60,278
87,565
Greenville
3,056
3,38I
Hastings
2,972
3,172
Hillsdale
3,915
4,15I
Holland
3,945
7,790
Ionia
4,482
5,209
Iron Mountain
8,599
9,242
Ironwood
7,745
9,705
Ishpeming
11,197
13,255
Jackson
20,798
25,180
Kalamazoo
17,853
24,404
Lansing
13,102
16,485
Lapeer
2,753
3,297
Ludington
7,517
7,166
Manistee
12,812
14,260
Marine City
3,268
3,829
Marquette
9,093
10,058
Marshall
3,968
4,370
Mason
1,875
1,828
Menominee
10,630
12,818
Midland
2,277
2,363
Monroe
5,258
5,043
Mt. Clemens
4,748
6,576
Mt. Pleasant
2,70I
3,662
Muskegon
22,702
20,818
Negaunee
6,078
6,935
Niles
4,197
4,287
351
MICHIGAN AS A STATE
Norway
4,170
Owosso
6,564
8,696
Petoskey
2,872
5,285
Pontiac
6,200
9,769
Port Huron
13,543
19,158
Saginaw
46,322
42,345
St. Clair
2,353
2,543
St. Ignace
2,704
2,27I
St. Joseph
3,733
5,155
St. Louis
2,246
1,989
Sault Ste Marie
5,760
10,538
Stanton
1,352
1,234
Sturgis
2,489
2,465
Tawas
1,514
1,228
Traverse City
4,833
9,407
West Bay City
12,98I
13,119
Wyandotte
3,817
5,183
Ypsilanti
6,129
7,378
The urban population in 1900 exceeded thirty-seven and three- tenths per cent. of the total population. The increase in the urban population in the decade was a little over twenty-seven per cent., as against an increase in the whole state of about fifteen per cent.
352
MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS OF THE STATE
The total cost of maintenance of all was $1,165,243. Of this sum the cost of public institutions was $383,275; private, $516,131; ecclesiastical, $265,837.
The number of orphanages and children's homes was 23, of which one is public and II each private and ecclesiastical. The number of inmates was 1,479, of which 728 were males and 75I females. The total cost of maintenance, $495,480.
Of hospitals and asylums there were 59, of which 6 were public, 40 private and 13 ecclesiastical. The number of patients admitted during year, 21,784; cost of maintenance, $624,343.
The number of permanent homes, 20, of which one is public, II private and 8 ecclesiastical; inmates, 1,705, of which 1,135 are men; 507 women; 63 children. Total cost of maintenance, $197,760.
Temporary homes, 6, of which 3 each are private and ecclesiasti- cal. These have 756 inmates; 225 men, 374 women and 157 chil- dren: cost of maintenance, $70,692.
Schools and homes for deaf and blind, 3 institutions, one eccle- siastical and two public. These had 537 inmates, 293 male and 244 female; cost of maintenance, $124,285.
In expenditure for schools and homes for deaf and blind Michi- gan ranks sixth among the states.
RELIGIOUS STATISTICS GLEANED FROM THE ELEVENTH CENSUS.
Denominations.
No. Communicants. No. Organizations.
Roman Catholic
222,261
406
Methodist
101,95I
1,578
Lutherans
62,897
380
Baptist
39,580
523
Presbyterian
25,931
252
Congregational
24,582
331
Protestant Episcopal
18,136
191
All others
74,166
1,137
Total
569,505
4,798
Denominations.
No. Church Edifices.
Value.
Roman Catholic
360
$3,671,350
Methodist
1,198
4,144,427
Lutherans
307
1,109,058
Baptist
466
2,135,694
Presbyterian
243
2,242,236
Congregational
299
1,533,055
Protestant Episcopal
177
1,653,651
All others
651
2,193,500
Total
3,701
$18,682,97I
INDEX
Abbott, Edward, I, 326, 327.
Abbott and Finchley, I, 325.
Abbott, Robert, II, 321; III, 169.
Abbott, T. C., IV, 338.
Abercrombie, James, I, 227, 231-234. Academy of the Sacred Heart, De- troit, IV, 342.
Academy of the Sacred Heart, Groose Pointe Farms, IV, 343. Acker, S. J., IV, 199.
Adams, Charles Francis, III, 368.
Adams, George A., III, 303.
Adams, James Q., III, 38.
Adams, John, II, 36-37, 39-40.
Adams, John J., II, 321; III, 151, 195, 222, 271, 313. Adams, John Quincy, II, 305, 323, 358. Adrain, II, 371.
Adrain College, III, 412; IV, 340.
Agricultural College, establishment of, III, 250-251; military depart- ment established, 466; opposi- tion to, IV, 48-49, 101, 337-339. Agricultural Implements, Manufac- ture of, IV, 281.
Agriculture, II, 371-372; IV, 273-276. Akeley Institute, IV, 343.
Albany, N. Y., I, 137, 207, 217, 219, 221-222, 295, 325; II, 212.
Albany Congress, 1, 213.
Albion College, III, 412; IV, 340. Alexandria, Va., I, 213.
Alger, Russell A., IV, 155, sketch of, 156-157, 165, 167, 197, 240. Allegan, III, 114. Allen, Colonel, American officer,
II, 217, 220
Allen, William, II, 318.
Allonez, Claude, I, 48, 119. 50-52, 77,
Alma College, IV, 342. American Fur Company, 356.
I, 127,
Amherst, Lord Jeffrey, I, 227, 235- 238, 242, 245, 250, 256, 259. Amherstburgh, Canada, II, 187-188, 228; III. 173. Ancrum, Major, British Command- er at Detroit, I, 344- Anderson, Robert C., III, 439. Angell, James B., IV, 166, 197, 336- 337. Angell, Mrs. Sarah Caswell, IV, 192 Ann Arbor, III, 291, incorporated as city, 351. Ann Arbor Female Seminary, III, 275. Anneke, Emil, IV, 43. Aplin, Henry H., IV, 168. Appleton, Tom S., IV, 101. Ariel, schooner, II, 232. Arion Quartette, IV, 166. Arkansas River, I, 53.
Armstrong, John, II, 92. Armstrong, John, Secretary of War, II, 244. Army of the Northwest, II, 175, 211, 214, 216.
Arnold, J., IV, 259.
Ashburton Treaty, III, 178. Ashmun, George, III, 423. Asiatic Cholera, II, 341-346.
Askin, John, I, 344, 358; 156, 207. 1I, 127,
Astor, John Jacoh, I, 356. Atkinson, General, Officer Black Hawk War, II, 341.
Atwater, Reuben, II, 181; III, 167. Aubert, Thomas, 1, 35.
Andrain, Peter, II, 129-130, 152.
Audubon's Ornithology, III, 238.
Auglaize River, II, 94, 105, 108, 157, 215. Australian Ballot, IV, 183. Aux Canards River, II, 188-190, 192, 212.
Baby, Duperon, I. 250, 280, 327.
Bacon, Marshall J., II, 320, 361 ; III, 98.
Bad Axe, IV, 85.
Bad River, IV, 112.
Bagley, John J., IV, 90, 94, 100-102, sketch of, 103-105, 106, 108-110, 232, 283. Bagley, Mrs. John J., IV, 192.
Baker, F. A., IV, 137.
Baker, Henry B., IV, 106.
Balch, N. A., III, 293.
Baldwin, Henry P., III, 382; IV, 56, sketch of, 61-63, 66-69, 81, 89-91, 94, 100, 109.
Ball, Byron D., IV, 106.
Bancroft, George, II, 79.
Banks, incorporation of, III, 64, lo- cation of, 76 general banking act suspended, 147, held unconstitu- tional, 189, 262. Banks, Nathaniel P., III, 397.
Barber, Julius S., IV. 68.
Barbour, George H., IV, 192.
Barbour, John M., III, 85.
Barbour, Levi L., IV, 166.
Barclay, Robert H., II, 231-233.
Barmes, Orlando M., IV, 134. Barry, John S., II, 320; III, 58,
141, 162, 194-195, 221-222, 229, 232, 259-261. 270, 274, 276, 347-348, 353. 385, 413; I\, 94. Barstow, Emanuel, III, 378.
Barstow, Samuel, III, 246.
Bartlett, James W., IV, 166 .
Bascom, D. P., IV. 199.
Basden, Colonel, British officer,
III, 174. Bates, Edward, III, 425.
Bates, Frederick, II, 145, 152, 347- 348; III, 96-97. 425.
Bates, George C., III, 173-174.
Bates, Morgan, IV, 61.
Battle Creek, incorporated as a vil- lage, III, 348, incorporated as a city, 411. Battle Creek College, IV, 342.
Battle for Statehood, II, 317-329. 353-365.
355
356
MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE
"Battle of Fighting Island," III, 174-175
Battle of Windsor, III, 177.
Baxter, W. J., IV, 65.
Bay City, IV, 287.
Bay City Business College, IV, 344.
Bayard, Richard H., II, 364.
Beal, Rice A., IV, 136.
Beaman, Fernando C., III, 378, 382, 384.
Beardsley, Samuel, II, 354.
Beaubien, Charles, I, 327
Beauharnois, Charles, Marquis de., I, 171, 173, 193. Beaver, ship, I, 270.
Beaver Islands, III, 296, names of, 299, 302, 310.
Becherini. Father, IV, 265.
Bedford, Thomas, III, 307.
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