Michigan as a province, territory and state, the twenty-sixth member of the federal Union, Part 20

Author: Utley, Henry Munson, 1836-1917; Cutcheon, Byron Mac, 1836-1908; Burton, Clarence Monroe, 1853-1932, ed
Publication date: 1906
Publisher: [New York] The Publishing society of Michigan
Number of Pages: 422


USA > Michigan > Michigan as a province, territory and state, the twenty-sixth member of the federal Union > Part 20


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The Agricultural College was established near Lan-


338


MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE


sing in 1857. The general government made a grant of two hundred and forty thousand acres of public lands for its endowment. T. C. Abbott was its first president. As its name indicates, the college was intended to be a professional school for imparting instruction in the sciences upon which agriculture and the other practical arts of life depend. The course of study was modified, however, in the anticipation that the students would not take another course elsewhere. So it was expanded to include history, English literature, mental philosophy, and political economy. Such studies of a non-profes- sional character, therefore, were introduced as would give the graduate the most complete command of his acquirements in social and civil life. Another character- istic of the scheme was the labor system. Each student was required to give three hours a day to manual labor upon the farm, or in connection with it, under the direc- tion, and as far as practicable, under the eye of the pro- fessors of the college. Although some compensation was allowed for the work, the chief object was neither profit to the student nor to the college. It was con- ducted for the education of the student, upon the theory that the practical application of his studies to the farm, gardens, orchards, and stock, was most useful as a source of illustration and information.


The plan contemplated bestowing considerable atten- tion to experiments in a variety of directions. It was felt that the individual farmer who depended upon the products of his labor for his profits could not afford to give much time or attention to experiments. At the same time it was realized that discoveries and inventions have produced results of vast importance to the world, and therefore deserve encouragement. So the agricul- tural farm has always been, in a sense, an experiment farm, in which respect it has been encouraged by the


339


MICHIGAN AS A STATE


aid of the general government. The college was greatly hampered in its early years by lack of funds. The land grant did not furnish ready money, since the lands could not be immediately sold to good advantage. So the state came to the relief of the institution by mak- ing annual appropriations which enabled it to carry on its work to advantage. It expanded year after year and increased in public favor, as it became apparent that the work it was doing was worth to the state all it had cost. In recent years women have been admitted to its classes. This added a new feature of popular interest, since the special instruction given was quite as useful to one sex as to the other. In 1900 the college had fifty instructors and six hundred and twenty-seven students. Diplomas had been granted to eight hundred and twenty-seven graduates.


There are a number of denominational colleges which occupy an important position in the educational history of the state. One of the oldest of these is Hills- dale College, founded in 1855. Its buildings were erected at a cost of fifty thousand dollars, and it was organized with a classical college course under the presi- dency of Dr. Edmund B. Fairfield, one of the best known of our early educators. It also had an English scientific course, a ladies' course, and preparatory classes. It had invested funds made up from gifts from interested friends. In 1900 it had twenty instructors, three hundred and eighty-nine students and had granted nine hundred and seventy-one diplomas.


Kalamazoo College was founded in 1855, with Dr. J. A. B. Stone as president. Its aim was to furnish a thorough college course upon the best models of the time. Two colleges were in reality organized-one for men and one for women, with Mrs. Stone in charge of the latter. They occupied separate buildings and


P


340 MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE


grounds and were designed to be distinct institutions, though managed by a single board of trustees. The college was hampered by lack of adequate funds and endowment, but it continued upon the same high plane of moral and intellectual breadth which characterized its founders. In 1900 it had a faculty of fourteen, with one hundred and sixty-two students. It had then granted two hundred and seventy-eight diplomas.


Olivet College was founded in 1859 and was taken under the patronage of the "Society for the promotion of collegiate and theological education in the West." This society, which represented the organized benevo- lence of the Congregational and Presbyterian churches of the East, was of great assistance in forwarding the financial interests of the institution. Rev. Nathan J. Morrison was made its first president. It gained large denominational support not only in Michigan but throughout the West and never lacked students. In 1900 it had a faculty of twenty-five instructors, with two hundred and fifty-four students. Five hundred diplomas had been conferred upon graduates.


Adrian College was founded in 1859 and was liber- ally supported by gifts and endowments. It acquired in the course of a few years upwards of two hundred thou- sand dollars worth of property, a considerable portion of which was productive. It never made any great stir in the educational world, but quietly held its own through all the passing years. It had thirteen instruc- tors and one hundred and seventy students in 1900, and had graduated four hundred and eighty-nine.


Albion College was founded in 1861 upon an institu- tion which had long been known and had enjoyed large patronage and prosperity as Albion Seminary. It had the extensive and numerous Methodist denomination of the state behind it. The earnest and enthusiastic mem-


341


MICHIGAN AS A STATE


bers of this denomination would not permit their own educational institution to languish, and so it grew in resources, in strength, and in patronage. In 1900 it had a faculty of twenty-five members, with four hun- dred and seventy-five students. It had issued nine hun- dred diplomas to graduates. Dr. Lewis R. Fisk was many years its president.


Hope College was contemplated from the establish- ment of the Dutch colony at Holland. The general synod of the Reformed Dutch churches of the West in 1843 made a strong report in favor of taking up as speedily as possible plans for colleges and seminaries in the West. So it was brought forward at each yearly meeting and duly considered. But it was not until IS 5 1 that the way seemed clear to open an academy and then Elder Walter T. Taylor, who had conducted a flourish- ing institution at Geneva, New York, came on and took charge of a school, the funds for which had been pro- vided by the generosity of friends. Dr. Van Raalte had donated five acres of ground and upon this a building had been erected. Rev. John Van Vleck succeeded to the charge of the school in 1855 and continued in charge for four years. It steadily grew and flourished. In 1863 the legislature passed an act confirming the title of the general synod to the Holland Academy prop- erty and in 1866 it was organized as a college, endow- ments having been provided to enable it to carry on sys- tematic college work. Women were admitted in 1878. The institution had fourteen professors and one hun- dred and sixty-two students in 1900, and had graduated two hundred and twenty-five.


Detroit College was organized in 1881. It was estab- lished by wealthy Roman Catholics of the diocese of Detroit, who erected for it spacious and handsome buildings. It is in charge of the Jesuit order of the


1


342


MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE


church, which devotes itself to education. In 1900 it had fifteen professors and two hundred and twenty stu- dents. It had then granted one hundred and fifty-one diplomas.


Alma College was founded in 1887 as a Presbyterian college. In 1900 it had a faculty of nineteen and an attendance of two hundred and seventy-one students. Fifty-six had been graduated.


Battle Creek College was established in 1874 by the Seventh Day Adventist denomination. It had twenty- five instructors and three hundred students in 1900. As it only trains for christian workers, no classes have ever been graduated.


All the foregoing denominational colleges are organ- ized under the general laws of the state passed in 1855. There are a number of other educational institutions incorporated under the same law, the oldest of which is the Academy of the Sacred Heart in Detroit, founded in 1850. In 1900 it had twelve instructors and sixty students. Detroit Seminary was founded in 1859 and in 1900 had thirteen instructors and one hundred and thirty-two students. It had granted two hundred and twenty-six diplomas. The Michigan Military Academy at Orchard Lake was founded by Colonel J. Sumner Rogers in 1877. It drew students from all parts of the North and West and attained great eminence as a mili- tary school. In 1900 it had fourteen instructors and one hundred and forty-one students. It had then granted three hundred and thirty diplomas. St. Mary's Acad- emy at Monroe dates back many years as a seminary for young women. It was incorporated in 1890. Ten years later it had twenty in its faculty and two hundred and twenty-three students. The Detroit Home and Day School was founded by Prof. James D. Liggett in 1882, and after his death his daughter, Miss Ella Lig-


-----


1


-


343


MICHIGAN AS A STATE


gett, became principal. In 1900 the faculty numbered twenty-nine, with three hundred and ten students and two hundred and nine graduates. Benzonia College was organized in 1888 and in 1900 had fifty students and seven instructors; Akeley Institute at Grand Haven, founded in 1889, had twenty-six students and eight instructors; Michigan Female College at Kalamazoo was established in 1855. In 1900 it had nine instructors and thirty-five students. Raisin Valley Seminary at Adrian was organized in 1850, and in 1900 it had five instructors and thirty-two students. Academy of the Sacred Heart at Grosse Pointe Farms, founded in 1889, had in 1900 twenty instructors and sixty students. Nazareth Academy at Kalamazoo, founded in 1897, had twelve instructors and thirty-seven students in 1900; St. Mary's school at Sault Ste Marie, founded in 1898, had two years later five instructors and three hun- dred and seventy-two pupils.


Beside these academies and seminaries there were sev- eral professional schools. Detroit College of Medicine was founded in 1885. In 1900 it had one hundred and one instructors, four hundred and seven students and twelve hundred graduates. Grand Rapids Medical College, founded in 1897, had twenty-seven instructors, fifty-seven students and had graduated twenty-nine; Saginaw Valley Medical College, founded in 1896, had twenty-six instructors, eighty-three students and had graduated sixty-nine in 1900. Detroit College of Law, founded in 1893, had in 1900 twenty instructors, one hundred and fifty-eight students and had graduated two hundred and forty-two.


There were, beside, a number of schools with normal and business courses. The oldest of these was the Ben- ton Harbor College, founded in 1892, which had in 1900 fifteen instructors, three hundred and thirty-four


344


MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE


students; the Ferris Institute at Big Rapids, founded in 1894, had in 1900 eleven instructors, thirteen hundred and fifty students, and had graduated three hundred. The International Business College at Saginaw was established in 1896. Four years later it had six instruc- tors and two hundred and forty-three students; Grand Rapids Business University, founded in 1897, had three instructors and one hundred and forty-six students; Lansing Business College had three instructors and ninety-five students; Fenton Normal and Commercial College had eleven instructors and eighty-eight stu- dents; Three Rivers Business Academy and Normal School had four instructors and ninety students. Other well known and successful institutions of the kind more recently established are Cleary's Business College at Ypsilanti; Bay City Business College; Detroit Business University; Michigan Business and Normal College at Battle Creek, etc.


APPENDIX


POPULATION OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES OF MICHIGAN AS SHOWN BY THE UNITED STATES CENSUS RETURNS OF THE PAST FIFTY YEARS.


Counties


1850


1860


1870 696


1880


1890


1900


Alcona


185


3,197


5,409


5,691


Alger (a)


.


16,087


32,105


37,815


38,961


38,812


Alpena


290


2,756


8,789


15,581


18,254


Antrim


179


1,985


5,237


10,413


16,568


Arenac (b)


Baraga


Barry


5,072


13,858


22,199


25,317


23,783


22,514


Bay


3,164


15,900


38,08I


56,412


62,378


Benzie


....


2,184


3,433


5,237


9,685


Berrien


11,417


22,378


35,104


36,785


41,285


49,165


Branch


12,472


20,981


26,226


27,94I


26,791


27.811


Calhoun


19,162


29,564


36,569


38,452


43,501


49,315


Cass


10,907


17,721


21,094


22,009


20,953


20,876


Cheboygan


517


2,196


6,524


11,986


15,516


Chippewa (d)


898


1,603


1,689


5,248


12,019


21,338


Clinton


5,102


13,916


22,845


28,100


26,500


25,136


Crawford


1,172


2,542


6,812


15,330


23,881


Eaton


7,058


16,476


25,17I


31,225


32,094


31,668


Emmet


1,149


1,2II


6,639


8,756


15,931


Genesee


12,03I


22,498


33,900


39,220


39,430


41,804


Gladwin


1,127


4,208


6,564


Gogebic (f)


Gr'nd Traverse


1,286


4,443


8,422


13,355


20,479


Gratiot


4,042


11,810


21,936


28,668


29,889


Houghton


708


9,234


13,879


22,473


35,389


66,063


Huron


210


3,165


9,049


20,089


28,545


34,162


Ingham


8,631


17,435


25,268


33,676


37,666


39,818


Ionia


7,597


16,682


27,681


33,872


32,801


34,320


Iosco


175


3,163


6,873


15,224


10,246


Iron (g)


4,432


8,990


Isabella


1,443


4,II3


12,159


18,784


22,784


Jackson


19,431


26,67I


36,047


42,031


45,031


48.222


Kalamazoo


13,179


24,646


32,054


34,342


39,273


44.310


Kalkaska


..


424


2,937


5,160


7,133


Kent


12,016


30,716


50,403


73,253


109,922


129,714


Lapeer


7,029


14,754


21,345


30,134


29,213


27,041


Leelanaw (j)


2,158


4,576


6,253


7,944


10,556


Lenawee


26,372


38,112


45,595


48,343


48,448


48,400


Livingston


. . 13,485


16,851


19,336


22,251


20,858


19.66.4


..


548


3,233


6,505


4,957


Lake


(h)


4,205


4,325


3,020


3,217


Hillsdale


16,159


26,675


31,684


32,723


30,660


29,865


Charlevoix


(c)


1,724


5,115


9,686


13,956


Clare


366


4,187


7,558


8,360


I,159


2,962


2,943


Delta


Dickinson


(e)


.


347


IV-23


1,238


5,868


Allegan


5,125


5,683


9,821


1,804


3,036


4,320


17,890


13,166


16,738


Keweenaw


348 MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE


Luce


2,455


2,983


Mackinac (k)


3,598


1,938


1,716


2,902


7,830


7,703


Macomb


15,530


22,843


27,616


31,627


31,813


33,244


Manistee


975


6,074


12,532


24,230


27,856


Manitou (1) ...


136


2,821


15,033


25,394


39,521


41,239


Marqu'tte (m) Mason


93


831


3,263


10,065


16,385


18,885


Mecosta


970


5,642


13,973


19,697


20,693


Menominee


1,791


11,987


33,639


27,046


Midland


65


787


3,285


6,893


10,657


14,439


Missaukee


14,698


21,593


27,483


33,624


32,337


32,754


Montcalm


891


3,968


13,629


33,148


32,637


32,754


Montmorency


1,487


3,234


Muskegon


3,947


14,894


26,586


40,013


37,036


Newaygo


510


2,760


7,294


14,688


20,476


17,673


Oakland


31,270


38,261


40,867


41,537


41,245


44,792


Oceana


300


1,816


7,222


11,699


15,698


16,644


Ogemaw


389


4,568


2,845


2,565


3,756


6,197


Osceola


27


2,093


10,777


14,630


17,859


Oscoda


70


467


1,904


1,468


Ottawa


5,587


13,215


26,651


33,126


35,358


39,667


Presque Isle


26


355


3,113


4,687


8,821


Roscommon


1,459


2,033


1,787


Saginaw


2,609


12,693


39,097


59,095


82,273


81,222


St. Clair


10,420


26,604


36,66I


46,197


52,105


55,228


St. Joseph


12,725


21,262


26,275


26,626


25,356


23,889


Sanilac


2,II2


7,599


14,562


26,341


32,589


35,055


Schoolcraft


16


78


1,575


5,818


7,889


Shiawassee


5,230


12,349


20,858


27,059


30,952


33,866


Tuscola


291


4,886


13,714


25,738


32,508


35,890


Van Buren


5.800


15,224


28,829


30,807


30,54I


33,274


Washtenaw


28,567


35,686


41,434


41,848


42,210


47,761


Wayne


42,756


75,547


119,038


166,444


257,114


348,793


Wexford


650


6,815


11,278


16,845


Total


397,654 749,113 1, 184,059 1,636,937 2,093,889 2,420,982


a Organized from part of Schoolcraft, 1885.


b Organized from part of Bay, 1883.


c Part annexed to Emmet, 1890; part of Manitou annexed, 1896.


d Part taken to form Luce, 1887.


e Organized from Iron, Marquette, Menominee, 1891.


f Organized from Ontonagon, 1887.


g Organized from Marquette and Menominee, 1885.


h Isle Royale annexed, 1897.


j Part of Manitou annexed, 1896.


k Mackinac and 21 unorganized counties reported together in


1850. 1 Annexed to Charlevoix and Leelanaw, 1896.


12


1,914


5,583


7,765


Otsego


1,974


4,272


6,175


I30


1,553


5,048


9,308


Monroe


1,042


891


1,334


86c


:


Ontonagon


349


MICHIGAN AS A STATE


m Gladwin, Marquette, Montmorency, Otsego, Roscommon, Schoolcraft reported together and credited to Marquette in 1870. The reader will note that in the first half of the period covered above the agricultural counties increased in population very rapidly. In the last half they practically stood still, and in a few instances receded. The growth in the latter period was in the newer northern counties, especially those of the upper peninsula, where mining operations developed immensely. The Increase was also great in the counties containing the larger cities in which manufacturing industries were growing. The decadence of lum- bering operations was also felt in some sections.


350


MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE


POPULATION OF INCORPORATED CITIES IN MICHIGAN IN 1900, COMPARED WITH 1890.


Cities


1890


1900


Albion


3,763


4,519


Alpena


11,283


11,802


Ann Arbor


9,43I


14,509


Battle Creek


13,197


18,563


Bay City


27,839


27,628


Belding


1,730


3,282


Benton Harbor


3,692


6,562


Bessemer


2,566


3,91I


Big Rapids


5,303


4,686


Cadillac


4,461


5,997


Charlotte


3,867


4,092


Cheboygan


6,235


6,489


Coldwater


5,247


6,216


Crystal Falls


3,23I


Detroit


205,876


285,704


Dowagiac


2,806


4,151


Escanaba


6,808


9,549


Flint


9,803


13,103


Gladstone


1,337


3,380


Grand Haven


5,023


4,743


Grand Ledge


1,606


2,16I


Grand Rapids


60,278


87,565


Greenville


3,056


3,38I


Hastings


2,972


3,172


Hillsdale


3,915


4,15I


Holland


3,945


7,790


Ionia


4,482


5,209


Iron Mountain


8,599


9,242


Ironwood


7,745


9,705


Ishpeming


11,197


13,255


Jackson


20,798


25,180


Kalamazoo


17,853


24,404


Lansing


13,102


16,485


Lapeer


2,753


3,297


Ludington


7,517


7,166


Manistee


12,812


14,260


Marine City


3,268


3,829


Marquette


9,093


10,058


Marshall


3,968


4,370


Mason


1,875


1,828


Menominee


10,630


12,818


Midland


2,277


2,363


Monroe


5,258


5,043


Mt. Clemens


4,748


6,576


Mt. Pleasant


2,70I


3,662


Muskegon


22,702


20,818


Negaunee


6,078


6,935


Niles


4,197


4,287


351


MICHIGAN AS A STATE


Norway


4,170


Owosso


6,564


8,696


Petoskey


2,872


5,285


Pontiac


6,200


9,769


Port Huron


13,543


19,158


Saginaw


46,322


42,345


St. Clair


2,353


2,543


St. Ignace


2,704


2,27I


St. Joseph


3,733


5,155


St. Louis


2,246


1,989


Sault Ste Marie


5,760


10,538


Stanton


1,352


1,234


Sturgis


2,489


2,465


Tawas


1,514


1,228


Traverse City


4,833


9,407


West Bay City


12,98I


13,119


Wyandotte


3,817


5,183


Ypsilanti


6,129


7,378


The urban population in 1900 exceeded thirty-seven and three- tenths per cent. of the total population. The increase in the urban population in the decade was a little over twenty-seven per cent., as against an increase in the whole state of about fifteen per cent.


352


MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE


BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS OF THE STATE


The total cost of maintenance of all was $1,165,243. Of this sum the cost of public institutions was $383,275; private, $516,131; ecclesiastical, $265,837.


The number of orphanages and children's homes was 23, of which one is public and II each private and ecclesiastical. The number of inmates was 1,479, of which 728 were males and 75I females. The total cost of maintenance, $495,480.


Of hospitals and asylums there were 59, of which 6 were public, 40 private and 13 ecclesiastical. The number of patients admitted during year, 21,784; cost of maintenance, $624,343.


The number of permanent homes, 20, of which one is public, II private and 8 ecclesiastical; inmates, 1,705, of which 1,135 are men; 507 women; 63 children. Total cost of maintenance, $197,760.


Temporary homes, 6, of which 3 each are private and ecclesiasti- cal. These have 756 inmates; 225 men, 374 women and 157 chil- dren: cost of maintenance, $70,692.


Schools and homes for deaf and blind, 3 institutions, one eccle- siastical and two public. These had 537 inmates, 293 male and 244 female; cost of maintenance, $124,285.


In expenditure for schools and homes for deaf and blind Michi- gan ranks sixth among the states.


RELIGIOUS STATISTICS GLEANED FROM THE ELEVENTH CENSUS.


Denominations.


No. Communicants. No. Organizations.


Roman Catholic


222,261


406


Methodist


101,95I


1,578


Lutherans


62,897


380


Baptist


39,580


523


Presbyterian


25,931


252


Congregational


24,582


331


Protestant Episcopal


18,136


191


All others


74,166


1,137


Total


569,505


4,798


Denominations.


No. Church Edifices.


Value.


Roman Catholic


360


$3,671,350


Methodist


1,198


4,144,427


Lutherans


307


1,109,058


Baptist


466


2,135,694


Presbyterian


243


2,242,236


Congregational


299


1,533,055


Protestant Episcopal


177


1,653,651


All others


651


2,193,500


Total


3,701


$18,682,97I


INDEX


Abbott, Edward, I, 326, 327.


Abbott and Finchley, I, 325.


Abbott, Robert, II, 321; III, 169.


Abbott, T. C., IV, 338.


Abercrombie, James, I, 227, 231-234. Academy of the Sacred Heart, De- troit, IV, 342.


Academy of the Sacred Heart, Groose Pointe Farms, IV, 343. Acker, S. J., IV, 199.


Adams, Charles Francis, III, 368.


Adams, George A., III, 303.


Adams, James Q., III, 38.


Adams, John, II, 36-37, 39-40.


Adams, John J., II, 321; III, 151, 195, 222, 271, 313. Adams, John Quincy, II, 305, 323, 358. Adrain, II, 371.


Adrain College, III, 412; IV, 340.


Agricultural College, establishment of, III, 250-251; military depart- ment established, 466; opposi- tion to, IV, 48-49, 101, 337-339. Agricultural Implements, Manufac- ture of, IV, 281.


Agriculture, II, 371-372; IV, 273-276. Akeley Institute, IV, 343.


Albany, N. Y., I, 137, 207, 217, 219, 221-222, 295, 325; II, 212.


Albany Congress, 1, 213.


Albion College, III, 412; IV, 340. Alexandria, Va., I, 213.


Alger, Russell A., IV, 155, sketch of, 156-157, 165, 167, 197, 240. Allegan, III, 114. Allen, Colonel, American officer,


II, 217, 220


Allen, William, II, 318.


Allonez, Claude, I, 48, 119. 50-52, 77,


Alma College, IV, 342. American Fur Company, 356.


I, 127,


Amherst, Lord Jeffrey, I, 227, 235- 238, 242, 245, 250, 256, 259. Amherstburgh, Canada, II, 187-188, 228; III. 173. Ancrum, Major, British Command- er at Detroit, I, 344- Anderson, Robert C., III, 439. Angell, James B., IV, 166, 197, 336- 337. Angell, Mrs. Sarah Caswell, IV, 192 Ann Arbor, III, 291, incorporated as city, 351. Ann Arbor Female Seminary, III, 275. Anneke, Emil, IV, 43. Aplin, Henry H., IV, 168. Appleton, Tom S., IV, 101. Ariel, schooner, II, 232. Arion Quartette, IV, 166. Arkansas River, I, 53.


Armstrong, John, II, 92. Armstrong, John, Secretary of War, II, 244. Army of the Northwest, II, 175, 211, 214, 216.


Arnold, J., IV, 259.


Ashburton Treaty, III, 178. Ashmun, George, III, 423. Asiatic Cholera, II, 341-346.


Askin, John, I, 344, 358; 156, 207. 1I, 127,


Astor, John Jacoh, I, 356. Atkinson, General, Officer Black Hawk War, II, 341.


Atwater, Reuben, II, 181; III, 167. Aubert, Thomas, 1, 35.


Andrain, Peter, II, 129-130, 152.


Audubon's Ornithology, III, 238.


Auglaize River, II, 94, 105, 108, 157, 215. Australian Ballot, IV, 183. Aux Canards River, II, 188-190, 192, 212.


Baby, Duperon, I. 250, 280, 327.


Bacon, Marshall J., II, 320, 361 ; III, 98.


Bad Axe, IV, 85.


Bad River, IV, 112.


Bagley, John J., IV, 90, 94, 100-102, sketch of, 103-105, 106, 108-110, 232, 283. Bagley, Mrs. John J., IV, 192.


Baker, F. A., IV, 137.


Baker, Henry B., IV, 106.


Balch, N. A., III, 293.


Baldwin, Henry P., III, 382; IV, 56, sketch of, 61-63, 66-69, 81, 89-91, 94, 100, 109.


Ball, Byron D., IV, 106.


Bancroft, George, II, 79.


Banks, incorporation of, III, 64, lo- cation of, 76 general banking act suspended, 147, held unconstitu- tional, 189, 262. Banks, Nathaniel P., III, 397.


Barber, Julius S., IV. 68.


Barbour, George H., IV, 192.


Barbour, John M., III, 85.


Barbour, Levi L., IV, 166.


Barclay, Robert H., II, 231-233.


Barmes, Orlando M., IV, 134. Barry, John S., II, 320; III, 58,


141, 162, 194-195, 221-222, 229, 232, 259-261. 270, 274, 276, 347-348, 353. 385, 413; I\, 94. Barstow, Emanuel, III, 378.


Barstow, Samuel, III, 246.


Bartlett, James W., IV, 166 .


Bascom, D. P., IV. 199.


Basden, Colonel, British officer,


III, 174. Bates, Edward, III, 425.


Bates, Frederick, II, 145, 152, 347- 348; III, 96-97. 425.


Bates, George C., III, 173-174.


Bates, Morgan, IV, 61.


Battle Creek, incorporated as a vil- lage, III, 348, incorporated as a city, 411. Battle Creek College, IV, 342.


Battle for Statehood, II, 317-329. 353-365.


355


356


MICHIGAN AS PROVINCE, TERRITORY, STATE


"Battle of Fighting Island," III, 174-175


Battle of Windsor, III, 177.


Baxter, W. J., IV, 65.


Bay City, IV, 287.


Bay City Business College, IV, 344.


Bayard, Richard H., II, 364.


Beal, Rice A., IV, 136.


Beaman, Fernando C., III, 378, 382, 384.


Beardsley, Samuel, II, 354.


Beaubien, Charles, I, 327


Beauharnois, Charles, Marquis de., I, 171, 173, 193. Beaver, ship, I, 270.


Beaver Islands, III, 296, names of, 299, 302, 310.


Becherini. Father, IV, 265.


Bedford, Thomas, III, 307.




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