USA > Minnesota > Otter Tail County > History of Otter Tail County, Minnesota: Its People, Industries and Institutions, Volume I > Part 1
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REGENTS
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HISTORY
OF
Otter Tail County MINNESOTA
ITS PEOPLE, INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS
JOHN W. MASON Editor
With Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens and Genealogical Records of Many of the Old Families
VOLUME I
ILLUSTRATED
1916 B. F. BOWEN & COMPANY, Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana
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DEDICATION
To those whose hands planted the first homes in Otter Tail county; whose love of religion and education established the first churches and schools; whose desire for good government led to the organization of civil townships and the selection of worthy public officials; whose wish for material prosperity has caused the building of mills and factories and the opening of virgin tracts of land to cultivation-to those who are gone, as well as to the many pioneers still living, is this record of their achievements dedicated.
JUL SO'54
1476313
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EDITOR'S FOREWORD
A brief explanation of how the History of Otter Tail County was writ- ten, and who performed the great bulk of the work, should be told here. The credit for writing the history is due to Ernest V. Shockley, Ph. D., of Indianapolis, Indiana, while the responsibility for errors in historical facts not based on public records, rests on the editor.
The great bulk of the work consisted in the search of records which have been accumulating in the vaults and basement of the court house and city hall for a period of over forty-eight years. The great lack of system in the preservation of these earlier records added largely to the burden of the work. Doctor Shockley spent over one month at the court house, digging into the ancient, unsystematized and disorganized old records, files and papers of the county, bringing to light the history concealed therein.
Acknowledgment is hereby made to the patient and uniform courtesy of each and every one of the officers of the county, for their generous and valuable assistance rendered in rescuing from oblivion the story told by these records. It would be unjust to single out by name any of these officers, as all were equally kind and helpful in their efforts to make the history an accurate story of the county from its organization to the present time. The thanks of the editor are also due the scores of churches, lodges and organiza- tions of all kinds, fraternal, social and industrial. which have generously replied to requests for information : also to Wheelock's Weekly for cuts of historical scenes.
The labor involved in such a work cannot be fully told in a preface. The trouble has not been what to put in, but what to keep out; to sift and select from the great bulk of proffered facts, those things that are true, and discard those things that are not authentic.
The writing of a local history graphically shows the treachery of human memory. One can hardly find two persons, witnessing the same event. who can give the same account of the circumstances. For instance, there are men living who knew Otter Tail City in 1870 and were there many times during that year. The different accounts given by them of the then county seat. its population, buildings, business and surroundings, would cover many pages of
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EDITOR'S FOREWORD.
this history, yet no two of these old settlers tell the same tale. Each one, no doubt, gives the story as pictured in his own mind, but all cannot be true.
Men who have lived in Fergus Falls since the early seventies cannot agree on who have been postmasters of the place, and names of such are given of men who never were postmasters. Of course, in cases like this, the rec- ords will correct such mistakes.
Joe Whitford, the first settler of Fergus Falls, was killed by the Indians in the massacre of 1862, and the place of his death is located at half a dozen different localities in the county, all being given with the utmost positive- ness. The history has adopted the statement of the late James Fergus, made in the Fergus Falls .Advocate (June 29, 1872), some ten years after Whit- ford's death. Whitford was in the employ of Fergus and selected the site of Fergus Falls for the latter, naming it in honor of his employer; no doubt Fergus was acquainted with the circumstances and knew where Whitford was killed.
Where the truth of facts depends upon tradition, no pains have been spared to communicate with men and women supposed, or reported, to know the truth of the story to be recorded, and the account set down has been ascertained from those whose memory and statements seemed most worthy of adoption.
One great difficulty has been to secure the correct spelling of names. The collection of data relating to churches, creameries, telephone companies and other institutions has made necessary the writing of hundreds of letters of inquiry, and each letter contained a stamped and addressed envelope for reply. Those who responded generally did so in writing, and in some answers the same name would be spelled in as many as three different ways. Often the names were so poorly written that it was difficult to make out the correct spelling. The names of those organizing the sixty-two townships in the county have been taken from the original records, and in many cases it . was practically impossible to decipher the spelling of these names.
No attempt has been made to write a historical romance. Many things have been presented and urged which would make a readable story, but have, in every instance, been declined where their only basis appeared to rest in the imagination of the informant.
Doubtless, the history contains some errors-that is inevitable. The Book of Inspiration, itself, is subject to criticism, and it would be strange if the history of the county, covering a period of forty-eight years since its first record was dated, written by an uninspired pen, did not contain some things subject to criticism. Notwithstanding this, we think it will remain the fullest and most accurate account ever written of the history of Otter Tail county.
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EDITOR'S FOREWORD.
The friends who have generously rendered valuable assistance in the making of this work are too numerous to mention by name; but there are two men, oldest of the early settlers, to whom our thanks are specially due. viz. : Hon. E. E. Corliss and Ole Jorgens, the former now custodian of the state capitol at St. Paul, the latter a resident of Minneapolis, Minnesota. where he is gracefully enjoying the memories of a well-spent life, honored by all who know him.
J. W. MASON, Editor.
Fergus Falls, Minnesota, April 30, 1916.
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PREFACE
All life and achievement is evolution; present wisdom comes from past experience, and present commercial prosperity has come only from past exer- tion and sacrifice. The deeds and motives of the men who have gone before have been instrumental in shaping the destinies of later communities and states. The development of a new country was at once a task and a privi- lege. It required great courage, sacrifice and privation. Compare the pres- ent conditions of the people of Otter Tail county, Minnesota, with what they were five decades ago. From a trackless wilderness and virgin land, it has come to be a center of prosperity and civilization, with millions of wealth, systems of railways, educational and religious institutions, varied industries and immense agricultural and dairy interests. Can any think- ing person be insensible to the fascination of the study which discloses the aspirations and efforts of the early pioneers who so strongly laid the founda- tion upon which has been reared the magnificent prosperity of later days? To perpetuate the story of these people and to trace and record the social, religious, educational, political and industrial progress of the community from its first inception, is the function of the local historian. A sincere pur- pose to preserve facts and personal memoirs that are deserving of perpetua- tion, and which unite the present to the past, is the motive for the present publication. The publishers desire to extend their thanks to those who have so faithfully labored to this end. Thanks are also due to the citizens of Otter Tail county for the uniform kindness with which they have regarded this undertaking, and for their many services rendered in the gaining of necessary information.
In placing the "History of Otter Tail County, Minnesota," before the citizens, the publishers can conscientiously claim that they have carried out the plan as outlined in the prospectus. Every biographical sketch in the work has been submitted to the party interested, for correction, and there- fore any error of fact, if there be any, is solely due to the person for whom the sketch was prepared. Confident that our effort to please will fully meet the approbation of the public, we are,
Respectfully,
THE PUBLISHERS.
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CONTENTS
VOLUME I
CHAPTER I-RELATED STATE HISTORY 33 A Portion of Minnesota Originally Included in Louisiana Purchase-In- dian Cessions and Treaties-Territorial Government Established- Boundaries-Governor Alexander Ramsey-First Territorial Legislature -The Historic Council with the Indians at Traverse des Sioux-The Treaty -Indian Hunters Cause Trouble-Townsite Speculation -Constitutional Convention-First State Legislature-Admission of Minnesota as a State- Aid to Railroads-Financial Stringency-Unrest Among the Indians-Mas- sacre of 1862-Punishment of the Indians-Subsequent Treaties-A Period of Rapid Development-Trouble Because of the State Issue of Railroad Bonds-Settlement of the Question and Activity in Railroad Building-Di- versified Farming Interests-Population Statistics-Military Record-Name -Geography - Area - Rivers - Lakes-Elevations-Climate-Chronological Record of the State.
CHAPTER II-GEOLOGY OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY. 57 Situation-Area-Surface Features-Natural Drainage-Lakes-Topography -Altitudes-Soil-Timber-Geological Structure-Aboriginal Earthworks -Prehistoric Mounds and Relics-Capt. John Pope's Trip Through Otter Tail County in 1849-"The Garden Spot of the Northwest."
CHAPTER III-OTTER TAIL COUNTY IN 1860. 82 Map of the County, 1860-Boundaries-A Peculiar History During the De- cade, 1858-1868-Character of the Early Settlers-Early Religious Services- Land Office-Surveys-Otter Tail City-The First Trader and Other Early Merchants-Villages in the County-Copy of the Census Return for Otter Tail County, 1860-Waseata Postoffice-Its Census Returns-Farm Statistics.
CHAPTER IV-ORGANIZATION OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY 94 Territorial Act Defining the County-Changes in Boundaries-Origin of the Name-Formal Organization of the County-Southern Influence-Otter Tail City, the County Seat-Early Settlers-Exodus from County Because of the Indian Outbreak-Changes in Boundaries-First Commissioners- -County Seat Changes-Legislative Enactments-Final Removal to Fergus Falls-E. E. Corliss-Range 44 Attached to the County-A Peculiar Legal Case Pertaining Thereto-Proposals to Divide the County-Otter Tail City in 1858-Population Statistics-Platted Townsites-Financial Statement of the County for 1915-Naturalized Citizens of Otter Tail County-Naturaliza- tion Laws-Births and Deaths.
CHAPTER V-COUNTY BUILDINGS 119 Court Houses-The Present Court House-The First Jail-The Present Jail -County Tuberculosis Sanatorium-County Poor Farm.
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CHAPTER VI-OFFICIALS OF THE COUNTY. 138 First Meeting of the County Commissioners-Salaries of First Officials- Legislative Enactments Relating to County Officers-Commissioners-Coun- ty Auditor-Treasurer-The First County Tax Receipt-Banks as Deposi- tories of County Funds-Register of Deeds-Sheriffs-County Attorneys- Coroners-Surveyors-County Superintendent of Schools-William M. Cor- liss-District Judges-Judge of Probate-Clerk of the District Court-Presi- dential Elections-Otter Tail County in the Legislature-State and National Officials from Otter Tail County.
CHAPTER VII-LEGISLATIVE . ACTS BEARING ON OTTER TAIL COUNTY 159 State Burdened with Peculiar Special Legislation-A Summary of the Gen- eral and Special Acts Relating to Otter Tail County from 1858 to the Present Time.
CHAPTER VIII-TOWNSHIPS OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY, 1868-69. 165 Townships Settled in Groups-Four Principal Languages in the County- Difficulty in Naming the Townships-Chronological List of the Townships in the County-Historical Mention of the Townships of Clitherall, St. Olaf, Tumuli, Tordenskjold, Aurdal-Villages of Dalton and Parkdale.
CHAPTER IX-TOWNSHIPS OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY, 1870 177 Townships of Parkers Prairie, Dane Prairie. Fergus Falls, Eagle Lake, Eliza- beth, Otter Tail, Pelican, Erhards Grove, Buse-Villages of Parkers Prairie, . Elizabeth, Otter Tail and Pelican Rapids.
CHAPTER X-TOWNSHIPS OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY, 1871 196 Townships of Rush Lake, Aastad, Hobart, Scambler, Maine, Nidaros-Vil- lages of Richville, Hobart, Clitherall and Vining.
CHAPTER XI-TOWNSHIPS OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY, 1872-73 208 Townships of Perham, Effington, Norwegian Grove, Western, Deer Creek, Oscar, Trondhjem, Gorman-Villages of Perham, Deer Creek and Luce.
CHAPTER XII-TOWNSHIPS OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY, 1874-77 228 Townships of Leaf Mountain, Friberg, Compton, Eastern, Oak Valley, Wood- side, Newton-Village of New York Mills.
CHAPTER XIII-TOWNSHIPS OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY, 1878-79 238 Townships of Sverdrup, Inman, Henning, Bluffton, Lida, Amor, Dora, Everts, Leaf Lake-Villages of Underwood. Henning. Bluffton and Battle Lake.
CHAPTER XIV-TOWNSHIPS OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY, 1880-81 253 Townships of Candor, Star Lake, Elmo, Dunn, Maplewood, Homestead, Carlisle, Folden-Village of Vergas.
CHAPTER XV-TOWNSHIPS OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY, 1882-97. 262 Townships of Edna, Girard, Paddock, Pine Lake, Otto, Butler, Corliss, Blowers, Orwell, Dead Lake-Village of Dent.
CHAPTER XVI-TRANSPORTATION 274 Highways-River Transportation-Red River Navigable-State Aid for Roads and Bridges-Present Road Conditions-State Highway Commission- Railroads-Early Resolutions Pertaining to the Need of-Building of the Roads-Local Vote of County Aid-Present Roads-Removal of Railroad Shops from Fergus Falls.
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CHAPTER XVII-AGRICULTURE 297 Influence of Topography on Development of Agriculture in Otter Tail County-The County Characterized by Small Farms-Character of Settlers- Table of Farm Products, by Decades-Live Stock Statistics-Dairy Interests -The Grasshopper Pest-Bumper Crop of 1895-The Grange Movement- Farmers Clubs and What They are Doing-Co-operative Elevators-Mutual Fire Insurance Companies-Fair Associations and Agricultural Societies- County Agricultural Agent-County Farm Bureau-Elements Contributing to the Progress of Agriculture.
CHAPTER XVIII-BANKS AND BANKING. 309 The First Banks in the County-A Study of Banking Conditions in Fergus Falls-Banks of the County, with Date of Organization-Brief Sketch of Each of the Banks.
CHAPTER XIX-THE PRESS 330 First Newspaper in the County-Brief Mention of the Various Papers Which Have Existed in the County-Legal Newspapers of the County-The Ameni- ties of the Press.
CHAPTER XX-THE OTTER TAIL COUNTY BAR. 350 High Character of the Legal Profession-Splendid Personnel of the Otter Tail County Bar-Distinguished Members-A List of the Attorneys of the County, with the Date of Their Settlement.
CHAPTER XXI-THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 353 No Physicians in the County Prior to 1871-Dr. R. M. Reynolds, the First Physician in the County-The Various Schools of Practice-A List of Physicians Who Have Regularly Practiced in the County-Osteopaths and Chiropractors-Dentistry-Optometrists-George B. Wright Memorial Hos- pital-St. Luke's Hospital-State Hospital for the Insane.
CHAPTER XXII-CHURCHES OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY 363
A List of Ministers Registered in Otter Tail County-A Brief History of Each Church in the County-The Federated Church in Fergus Falls-First Congregational Church-First Presbyterian Church-Other Presbyterian and Congregational Churches-Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Churches-German Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Church-Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church-Bethel Lutheran Church-Bethania Norwegian Lutheran Church- Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Churches-Hauges Evangelical Lutheran Church-Evangelical Free Church-Methodist Episcopal Churches-Swedish Baptist Churches-Baptist Church-People's Union Church-Episcopal Church-Zion Church-Finnish Apostolic Lutheran Congregation-Pente- costal Church of the Nazarene-Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints-Christian Science Society-Catholic Churches-Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Churches-United Brethren Churches-Scandinavian Churches-Immanuel Churches-Swedish Baptist Churches-Miscellaneous Churches.
CHAPTER XXIII-FRATERNAL AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 410 Ancient Free and Accepted Masons-Independent Order of Odd Fellows- Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks-Royal Arcanum-United Com- mercial Travelers-Knights of the Maccabees-Ladies of the Maccabees- Brotherhood of American Yeomen-Modern Woodmen of America-Royal Neighbors of America-Knights of Pythias-Catholic Order of Foresters-
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Degree of Honor-Independent Order of Foresters-Fraternal Order of Eagles.
CHAPTER XXIV-EDUCATION 423 Inefficiency of Early Schools, Due to Unavoidable Conditions-Unanimity in the Building Up of a School System-Petitions for Schools-First County Superintendent of Schools-Sketch of a Pioneer School-Development of the Educational Work of the County-Introduction of the Study of Physiology and Hygiene and the Results-State Aid to Standard Schools-School Sta- tistics-County Superintendents-Assistant Superintendents-Schools of Fergus Falls-Park Region Luther College-Northwestern College.
CHAPTER XXV-TELEPHONES IN OTTER TAIL COUNTY 439 The County Quick to Install the New Invention in the Eighties-Its General Use and Importance to the Community-A Brief History of the Companies Doing Business in Otter Tail County.
CHAPTER XXVI-CREAMERIES 459 A History of all the Creamery Companies Doing Business in Otter Tail County.
CHAPTER XXVII-MILITARY AFFAIRS 468 Veterans of the Civil War Residing in Otter Tail County-The Spanish- American War-Daughters of the American Revolution-Grand Army of the Republic-Woman's Relief Corps.
CHAPTER XXVIII-POSTAL HISTORY 474 Fergus Falls Postoffice-Other Postoffices in the County-Salaries of Post- masters-Rural Free Delivery.
CHAPTER XXIX-CITY OF FERGUS FALLS 479 James Fergus, the Founder of the City-Joseph Whitford, the First Settler on the Townsite-The Sioux Massacre of 1862-Ernest Buse, the First Per- manent Settler-George B. Wright, and His Influence on the Early Growth of the Place-Fergus Falls in 1873-Pioneer Advertisers-Fergus Falls in 1871-Water Power-Incorporation as a Village-First Election-Village Boundaries and First Officials-Council Proceedings-Railroad Bonds- Amendments to the Village Charter-First School District-Becomes the County Seat-Early Lack of Railroad Facilities-Presidents of the Village Council-Incorporation as a City-Fergus Falls in 1881-Lincoln Avenue vs. Bismark Avenue-Municipal Affairs-City Charters-Gas and Waterworks -Fire Department-Electricity-Otter Tail Power Company-The City Dam and Its Destruction-Hoot Lake Project-Police Department-Streets, Side- walks, Bridges, Sewerage, Parks, Etc .- Care of the Poor-City Funds- Libraries-Clubs and Organizations-Commercial Club-Town Improvement Society-Park Region Anti-Tuberculosis Society-Street Railways-City Officials-Fergus Falls in 1916-Directory of Present Business and Profes- sional Interests.
CHAPTER XXX-REMINISCENCES OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY, 1869-72 __ 536 Story by Ole Jorgens, of His Settlement in Otter Tail County-Inconven- iences of the New Settlers-First Visit to Fergus Falls-Elected to Public Office-Taking the Census Under Difficulties-First Mail Route-County Seat Contests-Division of the County-Story of a Steer-Traveling in the Early Days-First Workings of the Game and Fish Laws-A Ninety-Dollar Story-First Christmas in Otter Tail County-A Deer Fight-Bootlegging-
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Assessing of Taxes in 1870-First Insanity Case in the County-The Grass- hopper Scourge-Fourth of July Celebration, 1870-First Bridge in Fergus Falls-Two Interesting Early Letters.
CHAPTER XXXI-REMINISCENCES OF THE EARLY HISTORY OF OTTER TAIL COUNTY 556 E. E. Corliss Tells in an Interesting Way of the Beginnings of Things in Otter Tail County-The Journey to the Promised Land-Otter Tail City in 1858-Breaking New Land-Clitherall-The Mormons-The Settlers in 1870- A Judicial Court Run by Prayer-Highway Robbery-The First District Court-Craigie's Mill-Organization of the County-Attempted Organization of Holcomb County-Acquisition of Range 44-Wilkin County in 1872- Fergus Falls Made the County Seat-Removing the Records-Legislative Changes-Pioneer County Officials-Some Early Settlements and Settlers- Edmund A. Everts.
CHAPTER XXXII-REMINISCENCES BY JOHN W. MASON. 575 The Coming to Fergus Falls-A Callithumpian Serenade-"Hanging Out the Shingle"-Early Mails-The "Good Old Times" in Comparison with the Present-A Visit by Celebrities-"Lord Gordon"-Casus Belli-The Grave- yard-The New Church-The Church War-A Fondness for Bonds-"Old Settler" to the Front-Repudiation-Charter Amendments-The School Record-Bribery and Corruption-Political Schemes-The Waterworks Scheme-Major Beach's Telegraph-The Rat Skin War-The Dam-site at Guttenberg-Mistaken Identity-What Can Be Done with a Dime-The Stage Robber-The Fergus Falls Vigilantes-A Romance and a Tragedy- Luedke vs. Luedke-The Lo-cus(t)-A Sad Tale with a Happy Ending-The Fergus Falls Cooking Club-The Village Baker-The Esthetic Side of Fergus Falls-The R. R. S. W. N. Co .- A Dash of Local Color-"What's the Matter with Fergus"-The Captains of Industry at Play.
CHAPTER XXXIII-WHO'S WHO IN EARLY FERGUS 648 Doctor Goodale-James M. Gray-Levi Sartwell-Victor Landquist-Bill Wilson-Bert Melville-Jim Spendlove-Jacob Austin-Capt. H. S. Cole- Sam H. Nichols-Frank Hoskins-Opperman, a Dutchman-Edwin M. Wright-Charles William Kaddatz.
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