USA > Minnesota > Fillmore County > History of Fillmore County, Minnesota (Volume 1) > Part 23
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CORDELLO WILKINS
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tages of location, natural resources, pure water, good health and the productiveness of the farms tributary to Spring Valley. With its two lines of transportation and easy accessibility to market. this city has long held the record as the banner stock shipping point in southern Minnesota, it being no unusual sight to see a solid train load of hogs shipped from this city to the Chicago market at one time, while eggs and poultry are shipped East by the carload. The Spring Valley Creamery, one of the largest and best co-operative creameries in this famous dairy section, has long held its supremacy, while the Spring Valley Flour Mills are known far and wide from the excellence of their product. A line of elevators operated by independent buyers and also by the large grain companies, keeps the grain and cereal market at the top notch, while the Farmers' Co-operative Buyers and Shippers' Association, a strong organization of farmers, is a potent factor in giving the farmer the largest possible returns for the products of the soil, the dairy, the flocks and herds. Two substantial banking houses, with deposits aggregating nearly a million dollars and each with a surplus which equals their capi- tal stock, makes this city a financial center for a large territory. Three fine school houses, with all the modern and up-to-date methods, including an agricultural school, affords the best of instruction for the youth of city and country. A fine public library, with thousands of volumes, adds its potent influence to the intellectual uplift of the community, while seven churches minister to the moral welfare of large congregations.
Spring Valley has one hotel, two banks, three garages, one bakery, one laundry, two theaters, two dentists, four lawyers, one orchestra, one flour mill, two nurseries, seven churches, two shoe shops, three physicians, three art stores, one public park, one junk dealer, two newspapers, two drug stores, one music store, four paint shops, three restaurants, one tailor shop, one cigar factory, one billiard hall, one rental agency, two lumber yards, one broom factory, a sewerage system, four stock buyers. five grocery stores, two bicycle shops, four wagon shops, one livery stable, two meat markets, two jewelry stores, two har- ness shops, four machine shops, two plumbing shops, two base- ball clubs, two furniture stores, five blacksmith shops, four hard- ware stores, three millinery stores, two resident opticians, two veterinary surgeons, four dry goods stores, six dressmaking shops, four grain warehouses, one electric light plant, several boarding houses, four real estate dealers, four job printing offices, two photograph galleries, six boot and shoe stores, three insurance agencies, two coal and wood yards, 2,000 inhabitants, one steel neckyoke factory, one local telephone exchange, three breeders of race horses, three three-chair barber shops, an up-to-date fire
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department, marble and monumental works, four rural free de- livery routes, five contractors and builders, two undertaking establishments, one ladies' furnishing goods store, one wide- awake commercial club, three cement sidewalk manufacturers, three agricultural implement dealers, one architect (state-wide reputation), best brass band in southern Minnesota, one public library and free reading room, the healthiest climate in the United States, splendid trout fishing in nearby streams, munici- pal judge and two justices of the peace, three clothing and gen- tlemen's furnishing stores, two railroads with eight passenger trains daily, all of the principal benevolent and fraternal orders, three fine school buildings employing twenty teachers, two long distance telephone systems (rural telephone lines), one cream- ery (best in the state, annual product exceeds $150,000), one wholesale poultry and egg house (annual business $125,000), a municipal waterworks system which furnishes the purest of water.
Business Men of the Day. The business men of Spring Valley who have their hands on the pulse of commercial life are a wide- awake, progressive and liberal body. Yet with their progression and liberality is blended a conservatism which insures success. Their occupations and necessities keep them in touch with the popular requirements in their particular lines of business. Among those noted in this history will be recognized many excellent specimens of their calling, a great majority of whom have won their laurels in the avenues of trade. They represent to a great extent the brains and intelligence of its commercial leaders, and the successes they have already achieved are proof that they know how to keep abreast of the times in all that goes to make up business conquest. The pre-eminently successful merchant of today has discarded the slow methods of his predecessors. He is alert and enterprising to a high degree, and with his pro- gressive spirit surmounts almost overwhelming obstacles and strikes out in new directions, working along the highway which ultimately leads to great success. Those mentioned in this history are known as "hard workers." At their places of business early and late, with honest endeavor to succeed and an eye to the future, they are as representative a body as could be found in any city-men of fearless integrity, whose word is as good as their bond. They are not distinguished for their great wealth, but their bank accounts are the results of their own industry. Their careers make an interesting chapter in the history of this city.
Early History. In 1853 Zara Warner took a claim in sections twenty-seven and twenty-eight. In the same year T. F. Huntley took a claim in sections thirty-three and thirty-four. They
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erected claim shanties, brought their families, started to break the land, and were the original inhabitants of what afterward became the village of Spring Valley. Nothing was done toward establishing a village in 1853 and 1854.
In 1855 there arrived a group of men who were the real founders of the village. The company consisted of Joseph B. Thayer, Nelson Burdick, I. N. Cummings, H. A. Billings and J. M. Strong. They came from Pennsylvania and arrived in Fillmore county May 14, 1855, taking dinner at Elliota, and reaching the home of Gilbert Bassett, at Forestville, for the night. They arrived in Spring Valley May 15, and took dinner with Zara Warner. After looking over the land the men organized the Spring Valley Association and purchased twenty acres from Mr. Warner and 160 from Mr. Huntley, paying $200 in gold. The next day they started back to Iowa. The land of Mr. Warner lay north of Jefferson street and the land of Mr. Huntley south of it.
June 16, 1855, a quarter section in sections thirty-three and thirty-four was pre-empted by J. B. Thayer, this being the land on a part of which the original village was platted.
In 1855 the site selected began to assume the aspects of a pioneer village.
The first store was put up in 1855 by I. N. Cummings, occupy- ing the present site of the Commercial Hotel. Mr. Cummings and his family occupied the second story of the store. It is said that when Mr. Cummings located here he brought about $300 worth of goods, which he first displayed for sale in a rail pen covered with boards, using this primitive place of trade until the store was completed.
The first hotel was put up in 1855, and was opened by Myron Conklin. The hotel was of logs, and stood a little south of the river on the west side of what is now Broadway.
Two frame residences were erected on the village site in 1855. One was that of H. A. Billings, the building being located near where the Burgess Brothers Lumber Yard is now operated. The other was the residence of Cordello Wilkins. This house con- tained three rooms, and was in those days regarded as a model of convenience and luxury.
These houses, one store, one hotel and two residences, were all that occupied the village site when W. L. Kellogg arrived in the spring of 1856.
In the meantime, in 1855 Thomas C. Watson had settled east of the village, on what is now the Kellogg farm, and John M. Smith had opened a small store there, a school also being taught that year by Ann Kingsley, a sister of Mrs. John M. Smith.
In the spring of 1856 two different villages, each known as
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Spring Valley, were platted and recorded. March 21, 1856, Thomas C. Watson platted a village called Spring Valley, on what is now the Kellogg farm, east of the present village. April 7, 1856, J. B. Thayer platted what is now known as the original plat of Spring Valley, lying south of Jefferson street and west of Section street.
In the race for existence the town platted by Thayer sur- vived, and Watson's town became a farm, John M. Smith soon moving to Thayer's village and opening his store here.
Spring Valley in 1858. A pamphlet issued in 1858 has the following to say of Spring Valley: "The village was laid out in the spring of 1856, and now contains some thirty or more houses. In approaching the town the eye is first attracted by the hand- some white school house which crowns an eminence overlooking the village, and was built before the village was two years old, at a cost of over $1,500. A church will soon be built. In the meantime services are being held in the school house. Descending the gentle slope from the school house, we come to the steam flouring and sawmills of Stevens & Son. The grist mill is driven by an engine of fifteen horse power, and cuts 2,000 feet of lum- ber in twelve hours. A lath saw and shingle machine are also connected with the mill, and now in operation. The Spring Val- ley Hotel, kept by Farmer, is a well arranged and comfortable house. Here are two stores and several mechanics. A lyceum has been in operation for several months, and its weekly sessions are attended by old and young." The advertisements which appear are those of H. M. Steele, attorney; J. M. Strong & Co., general store; Spring Valley Steam Flouring & Saw Mills, Stevens & Son; H. Gilbert, M. D., drugs and medicines. The other store was that of Thomas C. Watson. B. F. Farmer, in the meantime, had opened a blacksmith shop. The hotel men- tioned was kept by Hiram and George W. Farmer.
Prominent Pioneers. Among the prominent men in or near Spring Valley in the days of the earliest settlement, there should be mentioned, in addition to those given space elsewhere, the following: Eleazer Root, Jessie Cartlich and sons, Charles, Joseph and D. C., George Fesler, Orlan Root, William S. Hill, Charles A. Cady, Dr. W. P. Belden, John Kleckler, Joseph R. and S. C. Kellogg, Henry Low, Henry Prosser, John Sample, W. T. Wilkins, N. B. Smith, Thomas Scott, James Scott,
Peabody, E. McMurtrie, T. M. Chapman, Joseph Watson.
Municipal History. A village government was authorized for Spring Valley in the winter of 1872, by a special act of the legis- lature. The following named persons were elected the first officers : President, C. E. Evans; chairman, S. A. Hunt, I. N. Cummings, J. F. Stevens and L. Griswold; treasurer, A. J. Alley ; recorder,
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W. I. KELLOGG
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J. S. Lee; justice of the peace, W. P. Carroll; marshal, D. Twohey.
1873-President, C. E. Evans; council, C. G. Edwards, Israel Taylor, T. W. Tower, J. S. Lee; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treas- urer, A. J. Alley ; marshal, H. B. Thayer; attorney, W. P. Carroll ; justice, C. D. Farnsworth; assessor, G. W. Gregory; overseers, J. E. Whiteman, A. D. Preston; surveyor, J. C. Stevens.
1874-President, C. E. Evans; council, N. B. Smith, J. B. Thayer, M. P. Lower, I. Thayer; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treas- urer, A. J. Alley ; marshal, E. W. Thayer; attorney, John T. Carey ; justice, G. W. Gregory; assessor, G. W. Gregory.
1875-President, S. A. Hunt; council, M. P. Lower, G. M. Warren, D. A. Sullivan, A. P. Flower; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treasurer, A. J. Alley; marshal, E. W. Thayer; attorney, J. D. Farmer; justice, R. D. Smith; overseer, A. J. Hilts.
1876-President, C. W. Demmon; council, A. B. Flower, M. P. Lower, D. A. Sullivan, W. W. Bonticou; recorder, C. S. Mc- Lean; treasurer, A. J. Alley ; marshal, T. Wilkins; attorney, J. D. Farmer; justice, G. W. Gregory ; overseer, W. H. Lloyd. C. W. Demmon, elected mayor, refused to serve, and E. S. Bumstead was elected.
1877-President, John King; council, J. F. Stevens, H. F. Miller, E. Steffens, E. S. Bumstead; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treasurer, A. P. Flower; marshal, T. Wilkins; attorney, J. D. Farmer; justice, G. W. Gregory; overseer, C. D. Farnsworth.
1878-President, C. M. Clark; council, E. Steffens, N. Erass, W. F. Jerome, H. A. Billings; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treas- urer, A. P. Flower ; marshal, T. Wilkins; attorney, J. D. Farmer ; justice, G. W. Gregory; overseer, C. D. Farnsworth.
1879-President, C. M. Clark; council, E. Steffens, J. Q. Farmer, S. A. Hunt, E. W. Allard; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treas- urer, A. P. Flower; marshal, T. Wilkins; attorney, Burdett Thayer; justice, A. R. Holman; assessor, N. R. Booth; surveyor, M. F. Varney ; overseer, A. Gould.
1880-Chairman, C. M. Clark; council, S. A. Hunt, E. S. Stef- fens, E. M. Brown, D. A. Sullivan ; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treas- urer, A. P. Flower; marshal, E. W. Thayer; attorney, Burdett Thayer; justice, George C. Weed; surveyor M. Varney ; overseer, C. E. Huntley.
1881-Chairman, D. A. Sullivan; council, A. F. Whiteman, E. W. Thayer, L. Bar, H. J. Anderson; recorder; W. L. Kellogg; treasurer, A. P. Flower; marshal, T. A. Wilkins; attorney, Bur- dett Thayer; justice, George C. Weed; overseer, C. E. Huntley ; surveyor, M. F. Varney.
1882-Chairman, E. W. Thayer; council, D. A. Sullivan, J. N. Graling, George Hibner, W. A. Potter; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treasurer, A. P. Flower; marshal, P. Cusick; attorney, George
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E. Hibner; justice, A. R. Holman; surveyor, A. F. Whitman; overseer, T. A. Douglass.
1883-Chairman, S. C. Lobdill; council, J. W. Hoxsie, C. F. Kumm, F. N. Miller, G. M. Warren; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treasurer, A. P. Flower; marshal, D. C. Hendershott; attorney, George E. Hibner; justice, A. R. Holman; overseer, C. E. Hunt- ley; surveyor, W. M. Mason.
1884-Chairman, J. N. Graling ; council, F. V. Edwards, E. W. Thayer, W. A. Potter, E. C. Gale; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treas- urer, A. P. Flower; marshal, P. Cusick; attorney, George E. Hibner; justice, N. T. Tolmie; surveyor, W. M. Mason; overseer, B. F. Holman.
1885-Chairman, W. II. Strong; council, W. Bonticou, D. A. Sullivan, J. W. Hoxsie, M. E. Molstad; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treasurer, A. P. Flower; marshal, T. Wilkins; attorney, George E. Hibner; justice, A. R. Holman; surveyor, W. M. Mason; over- seer, C. E. Huntley.
1886-Chairman, I. N. Cummings; council, C. G. King, J. N. Graling, E. C. Gale, L. C. Payne; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treas- urer, A. P. Flower; marshal, Thomas Reid; attorney, Burdett Thayer; justice, H. T. Tolmie; surveyor, W. M. Mason; overseer, H. K. Bateman.
1887-Chairman, J. N. Graling; council, E. W. Thayer, F. V. Edwards, E. C. Gale, W. G. Rundell; recorder, W. L. Kellogg; treasurer, A. P. Flower; marshal, P. Cusick; attorney, A. R. Burleson; justice, George Weed; surveyor, W. N. Mason; over- seer, C. E. Huntley.
1888-Chairman, J. N. Graling ; council, E. W. Thayer, F. V. Edwards, George Payne, W. G. Rundell ; recorder, A. R. Burleson; treasurer, N. W. Williams; marshal, P. Cusick; attorney, Bur- dett Thayer; justice, A. R. Holman; surveyor, W. M. Mason; over- seer, Henry Goldberry.
1889-Chairman, C. M. Clark; council, E. W. Thayer, W. H. Arnold, J. R. Johnson, B. H. Holmes; recorder, J. C. Halbkat; treasurer, A. P. Flower; marshal, George Schell; attorney, C. D. Allen; justice, A. R. Holman; surveyor, W. M. Mason; overseer, Henry Goldberry. March 18, 1889, the trustees of the village met at 2 in the afternoon. Ballot was taken for chairman. At 5 forty-one ballots had been taken with no decision. The board adjourned to meet at 8 o'clock in the evening. March 18, 1889, the board met pursuant to adjournment and again proceeded to ballot for chairman. No decision was reached until a ballot had been taken one hundred and six times. At the one hundred and sixth ballot C. M. Clark received a majority of the votes and was elected chairman of village council.
1890-Chairman, J. R. Johnson; council, W. H. Strong, W. W.
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Bonticou, D. A. Sullivan, B. H. Holmes; recorder, J. C. Halbkat ; treasurer, A. P. Flower; marshal, M. M. Cowles; attorney, C. D. Allen; justice, A. R. Holman; surveyor, L. H. Osterud.
1891-Chairman, F. W. Thornhill; council, S. M. Wilder, M. E. Molstad, W. G. Rundell, E. Steffens; recorder, J. C. Halbkat; treasurer, A. P. Flower; marshal, H. O. Shaw; attorney, Burdett Thayer; justice, E. W. Thayer; surveyor, Joseph Zigmund, F. W. Thornhill was elected chairman on the third ballot.
1892-Chairman, J. N. Graling; council, W. G. Rundell, E. Steffens, S. M. Wilder, F. V. Edwards; recorder, J. C. Halbkat; treasurer, C. G. King; marshal, R. C. Livingstone; attorney, R. J. Parker; justice, E. W. Thayer; surveyor, Joseph Zigmund.
1893-Chairman, B. F. Farmer; council, E. W. Thayer, L. H. Ostrude, M. P. Lower, B. R. Holmes; recorder, J. C. Halbkat ; treasurer, Kerry Conley; marshal, R. C. Livingstone; attorney, R. J. Parker; justice, H. E. Leach; surveyor, Joseph Zigmund.
1894-Chairman, M. P. Lower; council, T. A. Sorenson, B. H. Holmes, C. F. Kumm, B. F. Farmer; recorder, J. C. Halbkat; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; marshal, C. A. Lamson; attorney, R. J. Parker; justice, A. R. Holman; surveyor, Joseph Zigmund.
1895-Chairman, F. W. Thornhill; council, M. E. Molstad, Samuel M. Mason, E. W. Thayer, S. L. Olds; recorder, J. C. Halb- kat; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; marshal, C. A. Lamson; attorney, R. J. Parker; justice, H. T. Tomlie; surveyor, Joseph Zigmund. 1896-President, B. F. Farmer; council, W. W. Bonticou, W. W. Washburn, John Leuthold, Frank Rafferty, Jr .; recorder, Harris E. Leach; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; marshal, C. A. Lam- son; attorney, R. J. Parker; justice, H. T. Tolmie.
1897-President, D. A. Sullivan; council, W. W. Bonticou, C. J. Rothermel, N. T. Cummings, Frank Rafferty, Jr .; recorder, Harris E. Leach; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; marshal, C. A. Lam- son; justice, H. T. Tolmie. March 8, 1898, the electors voted for reincorporation of village under chapter 146, General Laws of 1891.
1898-President, Frank Rafferty; council, Ward 1, C. C. Sheldon, W. W. Bonticou; ward 2, D. A. Sullivan, G. J. Schell; recorder, E. G. Washburn; assessor, B. E. Page; municipal judge, R. J. Parker; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg.
1899-President, Frank Rafferty; council, ward 1, C. C. Shel- don, W. W. Bonticou; ward 2, D. A. Sullivan, G. J. Schell; recor- der, E. G. Washburn; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, B. E. Page.
1900-President, D. A. Sullivan; council, ward 1, C. C. Shel- don, Edwin Bartlett; ward 2, N. T. Cummings, S. M. Wilder; re- corder, E. G. Washburn; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, B. E. Page; justices, Burdett Thayer, Asa R. Burleson.
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1901-President, J. N. Graling; council, ward 1, J. B. Sample, S. H. Hale; ward 2, M. E. Molstad, A. C. Barnes; recorder, George A. Beagle; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, Charles Burk- hardt; municipal judge, Burdett Thayer; justice, H. T. Tolmie.
1902-President, F. W. Thornhill; council, ward 1, S. H. Hale, John Diffendarfer; ward 2, E. F. Ostrander, J. E. Wilcox; recor- der, E. G. Washburn; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, B. E. Page; justice, Asa R. Burleson.
1903-President, M. P. Lower; council, ward 1, Elwin Bart- lett, C. E. Lawrence; ward 2, E. F. Ostrander, G. J. Schell; re- corder, E. G. Washburn; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; municipal judge, Burdett Thayer; assessor, F. H. Viall; justice, H. T. Tolmie.
1904-President, M. P. Lower; council, ward 1, C. E. Law- rence, Elwin Bartlett; ward 2, E. F. Ostrander, J. E. Wilcox; recorder, E. G. Washburn; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, W. Kingsley; justice, Asa R. Burleson.
1905-President, N. T. Cummings; council, ward 1, N. J. War- ner, Charles Sattler; ward 2, D. A. Sullivan, J. E. Wilcox; re- corder, E. G. Washburn; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, W. N. Kingsley; justice, H. T. Tolmie; municipal judge, S. C. Pattridge.
1906-President, N. T. Cummings; council, ward 1, Charles Sattler, N. J. Warner; ward 2, J. E. Wilcox, G. M. Warren; recorder, E. G. Washburn; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, W. N. Kingsley ; justice, Asa R. Burleson.
1907-President, John C. Keenan; council, ward 1, E. L. Shel- dahl, Samuel Gammel; ward 2, N. N. Kendrick, James E. Scott; recorder, Roy Viall; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessors, W. N. Kingsley ; justice, H. T. Tolmie; municipal judge, S. C. Pattridge.
1908-President, John C. Keenan; council, ward 1, E. L. Shel- dahl, Samuel Gammel; ward 2, J. E. Wilcox, John Biederbick ; recorder, Roy Viall; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, W. N. Kingsley; justice, Asa R. Burleson.
1909-President, P. R. Jorris; council, ward 1, E. B. Davis, Edwin Kilburn; ward 2, J. E. Wilcox, Andrew Thompson; re- corder, Roy Viall; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, W. N. Kingsley ; municipal judge, S. C. Pattridge; justice, H. T. Tolmie.
1910-President, P. R. Jorris; council, ward 1, E. B. Davis, Edwin Kilburn; ward 2, J. E. Wilcox, Andrew Thompson; re- corder, Roy Viall; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor, W. N. Kingsley ; justice, Asa R. Burleson.
1911-President, J. C. Keenan; council, ward 1, M. J. Gral- ing, A. G. Kruegel; ward 2, E. W. Thayer, E. A. Leonard; re- corder, E. G. H. Adams; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; assessor,
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W. H. LEE
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W. N. Kingsley ; municipal judge, S. C. Pattridge; justice, H. T. Tolmie.
1912-President, John C. Keenan; council, ward 1, M. J. Gral- ing, A. G. Kruegel; ward 2, E. W. Thayer, E. A. Leonard; re- corder, E. G. H. Adams; treasurer, W. L. Kellogg; marshal, J. G. Tobler ; municipal judge, S. C. Pattridge; justices, A. R. Burle- son and H. T. Tolmie.
"Politics" do not cut much, if any, figure in the municipal government of this city. The mayor and other principal munici- pal officers have ever been chosen from our most progressive and substantial business men and citizens, who, almost without ex- ception, have labored for the upbuilding and best interests of our city. The demand exists in the form of a very clearly crys- talized and stable public sentiment for a business-like adminis- tration of public affairs by practical business men, and this de- mand has usually been recognized and carried out, thus giving to our city a succession of municipal administrations whose records in the main have been good, and uniformly devoid of any taint or any suspicion of municipal scandal.
The present mayor of Spring Valley, John C. Keenan, for ex- ample, is a man whose painstaking and unselfish devotion to the city is beyond all criticism. No man could be more loyal to per- sonal interests than he is to the municipal interests of Spring Valley, and his sufficient reward, when his official task shall have been done, like the reward of those who have preceded him, will lie. in fact, recognized and appreciated by the people, that in his faithfulness he has helped on the advancement of Spring Valley. The councilmen composing the municipal board are found loyally holding up the mayor's hands in every good work on the city's behalf. The members of the board are prac- tical business men and good citizens, and all their official acts are consequently intelligent and broad-gauged, having reference to the city's business future not less than to its present. Under such supervision of municipal affairs the administration of the city is in every way efficient.
Spring Valley Fire Department. April 18, 1874, a call was extended to the citizens of the village to meet at the office of J. T. Casey, April 25, 1874, for the purpose of organizing a hook and ladder company. This was duly organized and officers elected as follows: President, N. M. Lewis; vice-president, E. S. Bumstead; treasurer, E. W. Thayer; foreman, W. H. Lloyd ; first assistant, S. P. Steiner ; second assistant, P. W. Carr.
May 12, 1879, the company was organized under a new charter with the following officers: President, A. B. Burleson; vice- president, A. R. Holman ; treasurer, C. F. Kumm; secretary, L. A. Kinsbury ; foreman, A. E. Dickinson; first assistant, L. W. Ross-
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man; second assistant, E. W. Thayer.
April 25, 1885, a village ordinance was passed organizing the fire department.
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