Illustrated album of biography of the famous valley of the Red River of the North and the park regions of Minnesota and North Dakota : containing biographical sketches of settlers and representative citizens, Part 111

Author: Alden, Ogle & Company
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : Alden, Ogle & Company
Number of Pages: 872

USA > Minnesota > Illustrated album of biography of the famous valley of the Red River of the North and the park regions of Minnesota and North Dakota : containing biographical sketches of settlers and representative citizens > Part 111
USA > North Dakota > Illustrated album of biography of the famous valley of the Red River of the North and the park regions of Minnesota and North Dakota : containing biographical sketches of settlers and representative citizens > Part 111

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

"Renowned, however, as the Lake Park Region is becoming, and must continue to become as a summer region, its forests and farming lands indicate far more. What of these ? The forests are inviting indeed and resemble cultivated parks, so much so that Bayard Taylor, who described them years since, alleged they bore a striking like- ness to English parks in their stateli- ness, the grassy grounds underneath being devoid of underbrush and stumps. Those near by seem to be only fifty years old, and have caused much study to the scientific as to how they came there. Four and five miles out, however, they seem older, not so cultivated, and larger. In these forests are found the white oak, basswood, maple, iron- wood, cottonwood, ash, birch, poplar, box elder and some other varieties. Their utility is easily seen, for in the open prairie the fuel question is an absorbing one; but when it is further stated that these thick forests cut off the fierce winds-the bitter, biting curses of

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PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA.

the smooth prairies-their further provident use is apprehended. Thus these forests are not alone a thing of beauty, but of utility and protection.

"Now then as to the country. between lakes and woods-the farming lands. It is divided up, more than in any other place vis- ited, into farms of 160 acres. On each of these, almost without exception, are small lakes, so that with the natural grass, which is similar to the bunch grass of Montana- only the bunches are smaller and more fre- quent-they seem specially designed for the raising of cattle, horses and sheep. This grass, together with the pure water and atmosphere, makes the very best of milk, butter and cheese. The soil is a rich, black loam, from eighteen to thirty inches deep, with subsoil of clay, and has the same char- acteristics of the best portions of the Red River Valley, for the Lake Park Region is the eastern edge or rim. The Red River Valley wheat has attracted attention deserv- edly throughout the civilized world, and is the result of the peculiar ingredients of the soil no less than the climate, and these together have produced the best Scotch Fife wheat in existence, known hereabouts as No. 1 hard, meaning Scotch Fife wheat, weigh- ing, when cleaned, fifty-eight pounds to the bushel, often sixty and sixty-one pounds, and hard. Duluth and Minneapolis are its great markets. The latter with its vast mills turns out 20,000 barrels per day. This is done by means of a series of rollers. The first set cracks the kernels of wheat in two, then it passes through a bolt and purifier, then through a second set of rollers, cracking it finer than before; then more dross eliminated by bolt and purifier, and so on clean down to the last roller, bolt and purifier, and the final result is the most perfect flour in the world, so much so that it is shipped direct from there to Ger- many, England, Scotland, France, and is

consumed in preference to any other by the best families in the United States. Now it will be perceived why the famous St. Louis flour and celebrated Richmond (Va.) flour has been literally susperseded. The Red River Valley flour, bluntly stated, is for sale in the markets of the world. This is not all. The Red River Valley wheat, of which this region is part and parcel, is songht after by all the important milling centers in the United States. Why? To mix with infe- rior grades-tone them up so as to produce their 'superfine' flour. Thus in large quantities this famous wheat is in St. Louis, Richmond, Cincinnati, Rochester, Buffalo, Boston, etc. The logical inference to be drawn from this is that the lands from which such wheat flour is produced must be not simply wonderful, but exceedingly valuable. They are valuable, however, in the additional fact that the Lake Park Region is the one naturally adapted to diversified farming. In order to understand this and some other points, a little digression will be necessary.

"Lake Park was located and laid out on the 4th of July, 1873, by the Lake Superior & Puget Land Company, which was organized as an auxiliary to the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, with the object of purchasing land at proper places for stations on the railroad, establishing ferries across rivers, and doing anything else which was necessary to advance the construction of the road and which the Northern Pacific Railroad Company could not do by their charter.

" Mr. Thomas H. Canfield, of Burlington, Vermont, was president of the former and director of the latter. Between these two positions his duties called him to critically examine sites, soils, climates, ingress and egress, depressions and elevations-in fact, nearly everything connected with the ad- vancement and permanency of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and thus he located and

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RED RIVER VALLEY AND

laid out most of the towns from Lake Superior to the Missouri river, and many on the Puget Sound and Columbia divisions, and this is how he came to select and lay out Lake Park, in his opinion, as well as that of many others, the most desirable place on the whole line of road for beauty of land- scape and variety of resources. It was diffi- cult in the early days to get settlers on the railroad line. They were afraid of Indians, knew nothing about the soil, crops or climate, excepting vague rumors born of ignorance and incredulity. How then was this to be done? Why, 'if the mountain won't come to Mahomet, Mahomet must go to the mountain ;' in other words, the directors had to do it themselves, and this common- sense solution proposed by Mr. Canfield was carried out. It was absolutely necessary, for even after the railroad reached the Red river the settler would not go beyond, and, furthermore, at this time there was no settle- ment west of the Mississippi river north of the forty-fifth parallel, for this whole stretch of country was then considered by outsiders as Indian territory. In this solution of the prob- lem, soils, crops, etc., as above stated, Messrs. Cass & Cheney selected about 3,000 acres each west of the Red river, near Casselton, Dakota, Mr. Tower nearly the same amount at Glyndon, Minnesota, and Mr. Canfield the farm he now occupies of 3,000 acres south of Lake Park, and 2,500 acres in the adjacent town of Cuba, three miles north, for Rev. Dr. Hawley, now of Brainerd, Minnesota, formerly of Connecticut, by whose happy suggestion this town received the appropriate name of Lake Park. On these two farms Mr. Canfield has most successfully carried out his ideas of diversified farming. The writer, in company with this gentleman, had the pleasure of examining these properties. His farm was seen first. It touches the rail- road limits and extends south in one compact body. At about its center, on an eminence,

was the large, elegant two-story residence of the foreman, surrounded by houses for workmen, a fine barn for horses, sheds for cattle, a granary, and a warehouse 120 feet long by 30 feet wide for machinery, for this last is the feature of Western farming. The hands were threshing the wheat with the steam thresher at the rate of a thousand bushels per day, and there in the open field the bundles of wheat brought upon wagons were put into the machine and came out shelled and were immediately placed in bags and started for the railroad elevator, to be shipped to Duluth by the Northern Pacific Railroad. See by this the startling difference between the time of Abraham and the nineteenth century. Here were also some of the finest cattle, unexcelled by any seen in Montana, with such shapely limbs, elegant coats, silky, shiny hair, intelligent eyes-but who can describe them? The writer can not. They are beyond him, and are fit subjects for the wondrous tongue of Daniel Webster or the vivid brush of Rosa Bonheur. And now, what shall be said

of the horses? They were the best and largest lot of blooded stock seen in this Western tour, for there was not a stick among them all. No wonder that a man likes to steal horses. The writer in looking at this magnificent lot felt like taking one himself. On the eastern part of this farm. there is an unusual eminence, to which Mr. Canfield took the writer, which eminence could only be compared to the place where the devil took the Savior, not so much on account of its elevation as the vast stretch of vision it afforded. It was a clear, sun- shiny day and the whole country was spread out before us. There were the groves, the lakes, the cattle, the horses, the fields of grain cut and uncut, the threshers in various directions, trains of cars on the Northern Pacific, and last, not least, over 300 farm houses, where ten years ago was

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PARK REGIONS OF MINNESOTA.

not one. Never has the writer had such an extensive and varied view in every direction, not even from the highest elevation of the Rocky mountains. Mr. Canfield commenced operations on these two farms in 1876, and has now under the plow about 900 acres on one, and 600 on the other. He has built about fifty miles of fence composed of oak rails and barbed wire, introduced some of the best Short-horn herds of the country, superior blooded stock, until he now has 400 head of thoroughbreds and high grades. These have been bred with reference to form, best adapted to carry the greatest amount of muscle and fat, disposed in the best manner to secure the choicest beef, at the same time having in view the strain possessing the highest qualities for milk and butter, thus making them particularly valu- able for this section of the country, both for beef and the dairy. All these animals have been bred with care by the most experienced breeders, their pedigrees showing a line direct from some of the highest and best English stock. He has also purchased two Percheron Norman stallions from France, from which he has raised many supe- rior colts as well as enabling his neigh- bors to do the same. This breed of horses is particularly adapted to a farm where so much machinery is needed. They weigh from 1,400 to 1,600 pounds each, and being fast walkers accomplish much more every day with the machinery than ordinary horses, and thus being strong in proportion they are a great profit in the course of a year by the excess of their strength and quickness. To those who have considered farming on a large scale, where the raising of grain is the main object, the unsolved problem has been how to keep their men and teams employed between seeding and harvest, and also in the winter season. This gentleman does this by cutting the natural meadow grass for the winter season, and letting his cattle run out

on the pastures to fatten from spring to fall, and in the winter season both men and teams are at liberty to attend to them. Thus with scarcely any extra cost cattle-raising with its profits goes side by side with wheat-raising with its profits without in any way inter- fering."

" He has also made several valuable experi- ments, among which may be mentioned seed- ing with tame grasses, such as timothy, clover, red top, at sundry times, all of which have turned out well. He has, besides, adopted what is known in the East as 'sum- mer fallowing,' and this also has been suc- cessful, for it gives the land a year's rest. All these things and many others have been accomplished in six short years, and they reflect not only the untiring energy and con- summate ability of this gentleman, but have forever settled the adaptability of the soil of Lake Park for wheat-raising, and what is more important, its peculiar natural adapta- bility for diversified farming, which system has since been adopted more or less by neigh- boring farmers. Much has been said in these latter days about 'large farms,' but the investigation of this and other sections demon- strates that they aroused the whole country and hastened the settlement of the North- west by a decade of years ; and no where along the Northern Pacific line is this more plainly visible than in the Lake Park Region. ' Never forget the bridge which carries you over.'

" The village of Lake Park is situated north of the Northern Pacific Railroad track, on a sloping elevation, admirable for sanitary and drainage purposes, overlooks the surround- ing country, and has thus avoided those unfortunate divisions caused by being located both sides of the track or a half a mile apart. Thus the first impression-and it is every- thing to a stranger-is favorable. The second is the natural beauty of the town. Outside of its picturesque location, the lakes, the

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RED RIVER VALLEY AND

trees, the green grass, are beautiful as well as useful, and here they abound. The third and last impression indicated in innumerable ways is the iron tenacity and rigid economy of its citizens.

The first settlers came to what is now called Lake Park in 1869, a few more in '70, not many additions in '71, but in 1872 houses commenced to be built. There were then twenty-five people, and the place had three names, viz: Liberty for the town, Loring for the postoffice, and Lake Side for the railroad station, About 1876 the three, at the sugges- tion of the Rev. Dr. Hawley, were merged into Lake Park. The railroad reached here in 1871, and the cars have run regularly ever since. The greater portion of the people were Norwegians and Swedes, the rest Americans. All had come to this section to better their fortunes by cultivating the soil, although almost nothing was known about it. There is a tendency in the human mind to paint the rose without its thorn-the ocean without its tempests and hurricanes-the skies without their thunders and lightnings-the West without its clouds -as the material heaven. It looks in the apt words of the poet as if-

" Life is a sea ; How fair its face ; How smooth its dimpling waters pace ; Its canopy how pure."

"The reality, however, shows that- "-rocks below And tempests sleep Insidious o'er the glassy deep, Nor leave one hour secure."

"The further history of this place proves the truth of the lines. During '70 and '71 very little wheat was sown, but that was consumed by grasshoppers. In '72 more wheat was sown, and that, too, was de- voured by the grasshoppers. In '73 wheat was again sown-the grasshoppers didn't come, probably surfeited by their three years' feast; but what was not much

better, cold and wet, and the crop was little or nothing. In '74 wheat was again sown, and grasshoppers ate up everything, probably hungry and mad because they gave the settlers a rest the year before. In 1875 another crop was put in. The weather was cold, but the grasshoppers wouldn't stay away. They knew too well the deliciousness of Red River Valley wheat, much better than some Eastern wiseacres, and desired once more 'to roll it as a sweet morsel' into their maws. The weather, however, killed them off, but not until they had destroyed some sections. The crop that year averaged twenty-five bushels per acre, which went sixty and clean up to sixty-four pounds to the bushel. Since then the grasshoppers have ceased their visitations, and the crop of wheat has been good, particularly during the last two years, including this present one. Many an American, during these five years of wheat famine, left for 'other fields and pastures new,' but the Scandinavian raised his 'garden sass,' killed muskrats, bartered the skins to the storekeepers to settle his grocery bills, and lived through, and the most of them are in a prosperous condition to-day.

" Lake Park derives its importance not sim- ply from its surroundings and resources, but from its being located on that grand trans- continental route, the Northern Pacific Rail- road, which Mr. Thomas H. Canfield, before alluded to in this history, spent the best part of his days in its dark and gloomy days to inaugurate. Pardon, reader, but if this gentleman would cease his active life (for he is an intensely busy man) and write a history of that road from its inception to date, how it was received and voted upon by distin- guished men in public life, who would now hang their heads were their votes reprinted, how scientific, learned and profound men -. not a few regarded him as visionary-who with seer-like vision prophesied the glories of

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the Northwest, and urged, with all the earnestness of his nature, its immediate adop- tion ; how the project, after going up and down, received a gigantic impulse forward from 'Old Thad,' and was further accele- rated by the cool, hard sense of Gen. Grant ; how on the eve of success it fell through under the unfortunate, but to-day even mis- understood, financial operations of Jay Cooke, the ludicrous and humorous incidents con- nected therewith, as well as the serious ; how it finally revived under President Villard, and has now been consummated, it would have all the intense interest of the best writ- ten novel, as well as the weight of authenti- cated history. Yes, yes. The Northern Pacific Railroad is part and parcel of the history of Lake Park as well as the lakes, and this episode properly belongs here.

" On this road, 240 miles from St. Paul and 218 from Duluth on the one side. and 1,700 from Puget Sound on the other, Lake Park is situated. Three passenger trains eastward and westward halt here each day as they pursue their journeys. Innumerable freight trains also go backward and forward, which not only interchange the products of States and Territories as now, but the best of East- ern and Western civilization; for the pro- phecy of Thomas Benton, 'There is India,' is no myth. Thus the reader will see that Lake Park is in the center of civilization and one of the most easily accessible places in the West.

" Thus Mr. Canfield has demonstrated that here is a section which can produce wheat equally as well as any other part of the Red River Valley, and in addition has the natural advantages for stock-raising. Although higher than Quebec, reaching near to the 47th parallel, this region in its quickness of growth, variety of crops, salubrity of cli- mate and health of its people, is unsurpassed. To sum it all up: That he who would fol- low farming as an avocation, and not as a

speculation, must do so on the diversified plan."

Mr. Canfield has now been engaged in active business forty-nine years, during which time he has never taken a day specially for recreation or pleasure, so called, but has found his pleasure in the work in which he has been engaged, believing thereby he was doing some good to his fellow-men and his country.

Although of a slender frame and fragile constitution, he is yet apparently as well and active and moves with the same elastic step as twenty years ago, which he attributes in a great degree to his constant busy life and temperate habits in all things except work. He is a good judge of human nature, enab- ling him to be an excellent organizer and manager of men, quick in observation, clear in judgment and rapid in execution. While being naturally self-reliant, to which his varied experience has contributed, yet he is ready at all times to listen to others and adopt their views, even if they differ from his own, if they have merit in them. Modest in his pretensions, he is ever ready to give to others the credit of any good work, although he may have been mainly instrumental in bringing it about. Having been engaged most of his life in work of a public character, and connected with many great enter- prises, he has an extended knowledge of the country and broad and compre- hensive ideas as to its capacity and re- sources, and entertains the most sanguine views as to its future greatness and power. When once enlisted in any scheme which commands his approbation, he is very persistent and persevering until it is accom- plished, no matter how difficult it may be or how serious the obstacles to be encountered. The idea of defeat never enters into his cal- culations. He is very retiring, talks but little, is a good listener, but clear in his ideas of right and wrong and firm in maintaining

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them. He is generous almost to a fault, and in anything in which he believes he is ready to back his acts with his money, so far as he is able; a true and firm friend to those who gain his confidence-and many are the men in good circumstances and prominent positions, in different parts of the country, who are indebted for them to his early aid and assistance.

He is averse to undue display and also notoriety, disliking anything which smacks of "fuss and feathers," and dreads to appear before the public, unless his duties or the necessities of the work upon which he is engaged require it.

He is never so happy as when at his country home, on Lake Champlain, sur- rounded by his charming family, and joining in all the details of their plans and schemes with the greatest pleasure.

At different times he has been actively engaged in political matters, but always refusing to accept any office of any kind, preferring to aid those whom he deemed capable of filling public stations. Arriving at his majority when the old whig party was prominent, his first vote was cast for its nominees, and he continued identified with it until it was succeeded by the republican party, to which he has since belonged. He understands thoroughly all the great politi- cal issues which have agitated the country for the last forty years, as well as the great commercial questions which involve the busi- ness and prosperity of these United States. Few men have had a more extensive ac- quaintance and knowledge in the last genera- tion of the prominent men of the nation, whether in politics or business.

He is an active member of the Protestant Episcopal church, having been brought upin it from childhood, the house in which he was born in Arlington, Vermont, being the one occupied by his grandfather, Nathan Canfield, the lay delegate to the first conven-

tion of the Diocese of Vermont, which was organized at Arlington in 1790. He was baptized in infancy in the old original church at Arlington by "Priest Bronson," one of the first clergymen in Vermont, and con- firmed by Bishop Hopkins in St. Paul's church, Burlington, Good Friday, 1848. He was for many years a vestryman and warden of St. Paul's church, had charge of the en- largement of the church in 1852, raising the money for it, and again in 1868 in building the transept, devoting much time as well as money. He has attended every convention of the Diocese of Vermont for thirty-seven years, twenty-eight of which he has been the secretary of it. For several years he was a member of the standing committee of the diocese, and also represented it as deputy in the five general conventions of the church in the United States, held in Philadelphia in 1856, in Richmond, Virginia, in 1859, in New York in 1874, in Boston in 1877, and in Chi- cago October, 1886.

Of the original incorporators and trustees of the Vermont Episcopal Institute, char- tered in 1854, he and the Hon. E. J. Phelps, the present United States Minister at the Court of St. James, are the only survivors. He has been the resident trustee ever since, having charge of its affairs, and as treasurer for the last twenty-five years. He was closely identified with the late Bishop Hop- kins in the negotiations for the 100 acres at Rock Point, Burlington, Vermont, for an Episcopal residence and church schools, and in the erection of the large stone building for the theological and academical depart- ments. During the last two years he has been very active and instrumental in raising $60,000 for the buildings for the young ladies' department, and has had full charge of the erection of them upon the same property.

There is probably nothing which Mr. Canfield has done in his whole life in which

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he has taken more interest, or regards of more importance, than the erectionof "Bishop Hopkins' Hall," at Burlington, Vermont, for the purpose of a church school for young ladies, not only on account of the high standard of intellectual, scientific and classical instruc- tion maintained therein, but especially for the moral and religious culture which the pupils will receive through the elevating influences and Christian training of the church. Considering the positions these young ladies may be called upon to occupy in different parts of our wide-spread land hereafter, whether as teachers, wives or mothers, their influence upon the civ- ilization and improvement of the com- munity where their lot may be cast must necessarily reflect the training and instruction received at their Alma Mater, and constitute a continual living force for all time to come, the usefulness of which to society, the church and future generations can not be estimated by any human mind.

Around a refined and well-ordered home, the center of which is the wife and mother, cluster the most intense affections and endearments of all-on them, under God, depend the most precious interests of the rising generation. The most persuasive and active influence in every religious work rests in their hands, and without them in these degenerate days we should have neither church, minister nor people, and how import- ant then that their education have for its foundation the Christian religion.

Mr. Canfield regards the establishment of this institution as the climax of his life's work ; and although perhaps of not as much magnitude in the estimation of the public as some other things which he has done, yet the real intrinsic good which it will confer upon mankind will be constant and perpet- ual ; a high and important destiny awaits it - it will be a fitting exponent of the refined and elevated influence of our church institu-

tions, maintaining that thoroughness of intellectual, scientific and Christian education, whose solidity of structure and completeness of proportions will cause it to harmonize with all the beauty and grandeur of the teachings of the church, as does the build- ing itself with the beauty and grandeur of the magnificent and extended scenery by which it is surrounded. He has so managed the finances of this cor- poration that the Diocese of Vermont has now this beautiful property on the banks of Lake Champlain, of 100 acres, with an epis- copal residence, a large stone building for the theological department and boys' school, and another of equal dimensions for the young ladies' school, both in successful oper- ation, and the whole paid for - not a dollar of debt outstanding or any lien upon the property.

He was mainly instrumental in raising the money for building Trinity chapel, Winooski, Vermont, the plan being prepared by his brother-in-law, the Rev. Dr. Hopkins, as was also that of the Episcopal church at Brainerd, Minnesota, which he founded, furnishing the block on which it stands and half the money for the building. He also furnished the sites for the churches at Moor- head and Lake Park, Minnesota, Bismarck, Dakota, and Kalama, Washington Territory, and assisted in building the churches. How- ever much he may be absorbed in business, he always finds time to attend to the church and its interests.

Few mnen have ever had a more busy life, which from present indications is likely to continue in the same way to the end; and he probably will, as he says he expects to do, " die in the harness."

As the writer pens the closing sentences of the life history of this truly great man, a newspaper, the Manchester Journal, one of the leading journals of Vermont, falls into his hands, containing an article which forms

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a fitting conclusion for this biography, illus- trating the standing of Mr. Canfield in his native State, the respect in which he is held and the prominence he has attained. The Rev. Dr. Wickham referred to in the article, one of the most able men in Vermont, suc- ceeded Dr. Coleman as principal of Burr Seminary for thirty years. He had evi- dently written concerning an article on the Northern Pacific Railroad, for the Manchester Journal says : " Rev. Dr. Wick- ham sends us a note, saying that he was very greatly interested in the article on the Northern Pacific Railroad. Thomas H. Canfield was a student at Burr Seminary just before Dr. Wickham came here, fifty-one years ago, but the doctor was well acquainted with him before he left Arlington, and went down there at his solicitation and gave a tem- perance lecture to an association forined mainly by the efforts of Mr. Canfield, then considerably less than twenty years of age. Dr. Wickham was then greatly impressed with his energy and formed high hopes for

the future of the young man, which have not been disappointed. Dr. Wickham adds : ' If Burlington can boast of her Edmunds, the leader of the United States senate, and of Phelps, the eminent jurist and distin- guished representative at the Court of St. James, she has not another citizen that has honored her more than Thomas H. Canfield.'"

ENRY H. WELLS, of Morris, Minne- sota, is president of the Stevens County Bank, and is also engaged in the mer- cantile business, having interests at various points near Morris. He was born in Upper Canada in 1851, and is a son of A. Wells. On attaining his majority he came to Min- nesota and located in Scott county. He removed to Stevens county in 1872, and has since resided there. He has represented his district in both upper and lower house of the Minnesota legislature.

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ADVERTISEMENTS.

D. STEPHENS, a Minnesota born boy,

does a large

REAL ESTATE AND

FARM LOAN BUSINESS

. AT .

CROOKSTON, MINNESOTA.

FROM HIS OWN STATEMENT HE IS A PRETTY

GOOD FELLOW AND HOPES TO GET A

REPUTATION AS AN ANCESTOR.

CORRESPONDENT CORBIN

BANKING CO.

. THE .

T. PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS AND MANI-

TOBA RAILWAY

traverses the RED RIVER VALLEY and PARK

REGIONS of Minnesota. Maintains a mag- nificent train service,

ELEGANT DINING CARS,

PALACE SLEEPING CARS,

AND FREE COLONIST SLEEPERS.

. THE .

ORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD . ..

IS THE

Great thoroughfare of freight and travel to the PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Its main lines and branches extend throughout all por- tions of the

RED RIVER VALLEY

AND PARK REGIONS.

The equipment of this road is unsurpassed.

HECKMAN

BINDERY, INC. Bound-To-Please"

JULY 03

N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962

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Illustrated album of biography of the famous valley of the Red River of the North and the park regions of Minnesota and North Dakota : containing biographical sketches of settlers and representative citizens, Part 111

Author: Alden, Ogle & Company Publication date: 1889 Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : Alden, Ogle & Company Number of Pages: 872

Author: Alden, Ogle & Company
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : Alden, Ogle & Company
Number of Pages: 872