USA > Missouri > DeKalb County > History of Andrew and De Kalb counties, Missouri : from earliest time to the present; together with sundry personal, business and professional sketches and family records. besides a condensed history of the state of Missouri, etc > Part 1
USA > Missouri > Andrew County > History of Andrew and De Kalb counties, Missouri : from earliest time to the present; together with sundry personal, business and professional sketches and family records. besides a condensed history of the state of Missouri, etc > Part 1
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Gc 977.801 An2h 1225202
M. L.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01053 6156 E
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Ihmvas Pettigrew Lasciudade andrew Co
Bought at his Sale in Rosendale Mo. 7-7 .- 17. % G. K. Beall
HISTORY V
-- OF-
ANDREW AND DE KALB COUNTIES.
MISSOURI
FROM THE EARLIEST TIME TO THE PRESENT;
TOGETHER WITH
Sundry Personal, Business and Professional Sketches
AND FAMILY RECORDS,
BESIDES A CONDENSED HISTORY OF THE STATE OF MISSOURI, ETC.
ILLUSTRATED.
977,801 An 2h
ST. LOUIS AND CHICAGO! THE GOODSPERD PUBLISHING CO. 1888.
CHICAGO. JOHN MORRIS COMPANY, PRINTERS. 1888.
1225202 PREFACE.
This volume has been prepared in response to the prevailing and popular demand for the preservation of local history and biography. The method of preparation followed is the most successful and the most satisfactory yet devised-the most successful in the enormous number of volumes circulated, and the most satisfactory in the general preservation of personal biography and family record conjointly with local history. The number of volumes now being distributed seems fabulous. Careful estimates place the number circulated in Ohio at 50,000 volumes; Pennsylvania, 60,000; New York, 75,000; Indiana 40,000; Illinois, 40,000; Iowa, 35,000; Missouri, 25,000; Minnesota, 15,000; Nebraska, 15,000, and all the other States at the same pro- portionate rate. The southern half of Missouri has as yet scarcely been touched by the historian, but is now being rapidly written.
The design of the present extensive historical and biographical research is more to gather and preserve in attractive form, while fresh with the evidence of truth, the enormous fund of perishing occurrence, than to abstract from insufficient contemporaneous data remote, doubt- ful or incorrect conclusions. The true perspective of the landscape of life can only be seen from the distance that lends enchantment to the view. It is asserted that no person is competent to write a philo- sophical history of his own time; that, owing to imperfect and conflicting circumstantial evidence, that yet conceals instead of reveals the truth, he cannot take that correct, unprejudiced, logical, luminous and comprehensive view of passing events that will enable him to draw accurate and enduring conclusions. The duty, then, of a histo- rian of his own time is to collect, classify and preserve the material for the final historian of the future. The present historian deals in fact; the future historian in conclusion. 1. The work of the former is statistical; of the latter, philosophical.
To him who has not attempted the collection of historical data, the obstacles to be surmounted are unknown. Doubtful traditions, conflicting statements, imperfect records, inaccurate public and private correspondence, the bias or untruthfulness of informers, and the gen- eral obscurity which, more or less, envelops all passing events, com- bine to bewilder and mislead. The publishers of this volume, fully aware of their inability to furnish a perfect history, an accomplishment vouchsafed to the imagination only of the dreamer or the theorist, make no pretension of having prepared a work devoid of blemish. They feel assured that all thoughtful people, at present and in future, will recognize and appreciate the importance of their undertaking, and the great public benefit that has been accomplished.
Jade- 149.50
IV
PREFACE.
In the preparation of this volume the publishers have not met with that assistance which they had a right to expect, and which, in all their previous experience of ten years in the history business with a large force of competent men, has been extended to them. No direct opposition to the enterprise was manifested; but the publisher's have labored under the more serious obstacle of a want of paying subscribers. This lack of support can only be accounted for on the ground given the canvassers of the company, that the drought of last summer made times very close and stringent. Any other reason was unwarranted and unjust to the publishers, who, despite the want of patronage, have fully complied with their promises, thereby losing heavily on the enterprise. Thankful to those few citizens who sub- scribed for the book or otherwise assisted them, the publishers tender this fine volume to their patrons.
THE PUBLISHERS.
JANUARY, 1888.
CONTENTS.
PART I .- HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
PAGE.
Attitude of Missouri before the War.
94
Article XV .. 147 versies. 152
Amendments to the State Constitution. 149
Attorney Generals. 164
Auditors of Public Accounts. 165
Boone's Lick Country
61
Black Hawk War 67 92
Beginning of Civil War
Boonville
113
Belmont 126
Battle of Pca Ridge. 127
Battle of Kirksville.
130
Battle at Independence. 131
Battles of Lone Jack and Newtonia 132
Battle of Cane Hill ..
133
Marquette ....
45
Battles of Springfield, Hartsville and Cape Girardcau .. 133
Battles in Missouri, List of. 142
Baptist Church 159
Clay Compromise, The .. 65 Murders at Gun City. 149
Constitutional Convention of 1845. 74
Campaign of 1861. 113
Carthage.
115
Capture of Lexington 123 Congress 168
Campaign of 1862. 127
Compton's Ferry. 131
Campaign of 1863. 133 137
Campaign of 1864.
Centralia Massacre 140
Churches .. 159
Christian Church 159
Congregational Church 160
Conclusion 197
Dred Scott Decision, The 87
Death of Bill Anderson 141
Drake Constitution, The 143
Divisions in the Republican Party 147
Dates of Organization of Counties with
Origin of Names, etc ... 181
Early Discoveries and Explorers 44
Early Settlements. 47 State Organization 63
Earthquakes at New Madrid 58 State Convention 64
Enterprise and Advancement .. 62
Events Preceding the Civil War 89
Efforts toward Conciliation .. 104 Surrender of Camp Jackson 98
Emancipation Proclamation and XIIIth Amendment ... 111
Execution of Rebel Prisoners 132 Shelby's Raid .. 137
Election of 1884, The. 156 State Constitutional Convention 143
Early Courts, The. 157
Episcopal Church. 160
French and Indian War. 48 Founding of St. Louis, The 49
From 1785 to 1800. 55
First General Assembly 66 Fremont in the Field 125 Friends' Church, 160 Fire at St. Louis, The Great. 79 Geology. 12
Gov. Jackson and the Missouri Legislature
97
Wilson Creek
118
Gov. Crittenden's Administration. 151
Governors ...
163
Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Contro-
Indian and Other Races. 42 Israelite Church. 160 Jackson Resolutions, The 80
Judges of Supreme Court .. 165
La Salle.
46
Louisiana, District and Territory of .. 56 Louisiana Purchased by the United States .. 55 Lewis and Clark's Expedition 57 Lutheran Church 16L
Lieutenant-Governors 164
Minerals and Mineral Springs
23-38
Manufacturing 39
Missouri a Territory. 59
Mormons and Mormon War, The ... 71
Mexican War, The.
75
Martial Law Declared
123
Methodist Episcopal Church ... 161 Methodist Episcopal Church South 162
Missouri's Delegation in the Confederate
Organization of Kansas and Nebraska .. 82 Operations against Guerrillas. 129 Order No. 11. 134 Officers Previous to State Organization 162
Officers of State Government .. 163
Pontiac, Death of 51
Public and Private Schools 157
Presidential Elections .. 169
Proclamation by Gov. Jackson 105
Resources
11
Rock Formation 15
Railroads.
40
Revision of the State Constitution. 150
Representatives to Congress 166
Rebel Governors 169
Soils, Clays, etc. 13
State Convention, The.
109
Springfield
125
Secretaries of State ..
164
State Treasurers
164
Salaries of State Officers 181 United States Senators 166
Votes by Counties at Presidential Elections from 1836 to 1884. .171-181
Wealth 41
War of the Revolution, The ... 52 War with Great Britain in 1812 60 Western Department, The. 117
Year of the Great Waters 54
PAGE.
Seminole War.
68
Secession
90
VI
CONTENTS.
PART II .- HISTORY OF ANDREW COUNTY.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Agriculture 8
Grasshopper Plagues ..
139
Attempted Bank Robbery 128
Horticulture 12
Amazonia .. 171
Hedrick Murder, The ... 126
Avenue City. 215
Helena .. 210
Bencli and Bar
110
Indians 97
22
County Court ..
16
Census ....
44
Court of Common Pleas.
109
Crimes and Lawlessness. 125
Location of County Seat ..
28
Cyclones 140
Local Option. 43
5
Civil War, The.
218
County Schools.
241
Churches at Bolckow.
263
Nodaway Station
215
Official Directory.
30
Churches at Whitesville
269
Paupers.
34
Churches at Rosendale 284
Press, The ..
48 64
Churches in Southern Part of County. 276
Churchesat Savannah .. 255
Pioneers
73
Deatlı Warrant of Bateman 138
Probate Court. 110
216 37
Early Reminiscences 88
Early Settlers of Jefferson Township. 80
Rochester.
179
Rosendale.
207
Early Settlers of Rochester and Monroe. 84
Early Settlers of Benton and Platte 85
Early Settlers of Empire.
86
Elizabethtown
179
Empire City
216
Education
236
Early Schools of Andrew County
238
Topography
1
Empire Township Schools
247
Timber.
3
Flag Springs Religious Societies 272
Townships
24
Financial Statements. 45
Towns and Villages. 146
202
HISTORY OF DE KALB COUNTY.
Adams Township, Settlement of. 305
482
Bench and Bar. 358
Bucklin. 482
Mills and Markets .. 322
Camden Township. 307
Military Record 417
Maysville 428
County Organization.
331
Census and Statistics
354
County Officers. 356
Productions 289
Polk Township ..
310
Churches of Maysville.
384
Primitive Society. 317
Public Buildings 335
Paupers 341
Railroads
351
Religious History
374
Streams
287
Stone. 288
Stock Raising 292
Sherman Township, Settlement of. 304
Schools in Washington Township. 402 Schools in Sherman Township 403 Schools in Adams Township. 404
306 Era of Settlement .. 295 Early Land Entries 326
Early Records. 341
Early Marriages.
342
Elections
344 Schools of Maysville .. 406 400 Schools of Stewartsville .. 408
Schools of Osborne and Colfax Townships 409
First Assessment List 329 School Statistics. 410 Stewartsville 448 Fairport. 477
Grand River Township. 309
Somerville. 482
483
Game .....
325
Santa Rosa
Horticulture. 290 Standard 483
-
Bolckow
195
Justices of First County Court. Judiciary.
101
Jamestown
146
Live Stock
13
Cosby 213
Mineral Springs and Wells
129
Murder of the Mclaughlin Children. Mexican War.
217
Churches at Amazonia 277
62
Churches at Fillmore. 264
Early Marriages. 39
Parker
Elections 40
Records
169
Early Settlers of Lincoln Townsbip 81
Religious History of Savannah.
251 2
Stone and Coal
4
Statistics of 1880
44
Savannah 147
Savannah Schools 248
Fillmore 185
204
Flag Springs
Jails. 340
Local Option
350
Manners and Customs of Pioneer Times. 310
Osborne 464
Churches of Stewartsville 377
Churches of Osborne. 390
Churches of Union Star. 393
Churches of Grant Township. 395
Churches in Adam and Grand River Town- ships ...
397
Churches of Dallas Township ..
399
Crime ..
425
Cities and Towns
428 Clarksdale ... 479
Dallas and Grant Townships.
Schools in Dallas and Grant Townships. 404 Schools in Polk Township. 405 Schools in Grand River Township. 405
Education.
Early Schools. 401
Amity.
Colfax Township. 310
Newspapers. 411
Railroads.
Streams
Whitesville
Public Buildings
Platte Purchase, The.
VII
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Topography.
PAGE. Township Organization .. 343
286 Weatherby
481
Winslow
483
Union Star ..
472
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX.
Andrew County
.........
486 De Kalb County. ......................... 547
PORTRAIT, VIEWS, ETC.
Portrait of Dr. M. F. Wakefield.
153
De Kalb County Bank
442
View in Southern Missouri. ...... ........... 104
·
HISTORY OF MISSOURI,
INTRODUCTORY.
M ISSOURI, the eighth State of the Union in size, the seventh in wealth, and the fifth in population and politi- cal power, lies in the very heart of the Mississippi Valley. Extend- ing from the thirty-sixth nearly to the forty-first degree of north latitude, it has considerable diversity both of soil and climate.
Its eastern limit is marked from north to south by the great " Father of Waters," and the Missouri washes its western bound- ary, from the northwest corner southward about 250 miles to the mouth of the Kansas, and thence flows south of east through the heart of the State, and joins its muddy torrent with the waters of the Mississippi.
These two mighty rivers have many tributaries which are, to a greater or less extent, navigable for steamboats, keelboats and barges.
The extreme length of the State is 328 miles; the extreme breadth, in the southern part, is 280 miles; and the average breadth 250 miles. Missouri has an area of 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres. It has 18,350 more square miles than the State of New York, is nearly nine times the size of Massachusetts, and exceeds in extent all of the New England States combined.
There is no State in the Union which surpasses Missouri in respect to geographical situation and natural resources. Other
NOTE .- In the compilation of the State History the authors consulted, among others, the following authorities: "State Geological Reports;" "Charlevoix's Journal of a Voyage to North America in 1721;" Stoddard's "Historical Sketches of Louisiana;" Schoolcraft's " Narrative Jour- nal;" Breckenridge; Pike's "Expedition;" Switzler's "History of Missouri;" Bradbury's "Trav- els;" "Lilliman's Journal;" " American Cyclopedia;" Beck's "Gazetteer of Indiana and Missouri," 1823; Wetmore's " Gazetteer of Missouri," 1837; Shebard's "Early History of St. Louis and Mis- souri;" Parker's "Missouri As It Is in 1867;" Davis & Durrie's "History of Missouri," 1876.
12
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
regions may boast of delightful climate, rich and productive soil, abundant timber, or inexhaustible mineral deposits, but Mis- souri has all of these. She has more and better iron than England and quite as much coal, while her lead deposits are rivaled by that of no other country of equal area upon the globe.
The population of the State, according to the census of 1880, was 2,168,380, showing an increase of 25.9 per cent within the preceding decade.
GEOLOGY.
The stratified rocks of Missouri may be classified as follows, enumerating them from the surface downward:
I. Quaternary or Post Tertiary .- Alluvium, 30 feet thick. Soils-Pebbles and sand, clays, vegetable mold or humus, bog iron ore, calcareous tufa, stalactites and stalagmites, marls; bot- tom prairie, 35 feet thick; bluff, 200 feet thick; drift, 155 feet thick. .
II. Tertiary .- Clays, shales, iron ores, sandstone, fine and coarse sands.
III. Cretaceous .- No. 1, 13 feet, argillaceous variegated sandstone; No. 2, 20 feet, soft bluish brown sandy slate, con- taining quantities of iron pyrites; No. 3, 25 feet, whitish brown impure sandstone, banded with purple and pink; No. 4, 45 feet, slate, like No. 2; No. 5, 45 feet, fine white siliceous clay, inter- stratified with white flint, more or less spotted and banded with pink and purple; No. 6, 10 feet, purple red and blue clays. En- tire thickness, 158 feet.
IV. Carboniferous .- Upper carboniferous or coal measures, sandstone, limestone, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores, coals. Lower carboniferous or mountain limestone, upper Archimedes limestone, 200 feet; ferruginous sandstone, 195 feet; middle Ar- chimedes limestone, 50 feet; St. Louis limestone, 250 feet; oölitic limestone, 25 feet; lower Archimedes limestone, 350 feet ; encrinital limestone, 500 feet.
V. Devonian .- Chemung group: Chouteau limestone, 85 feet; vermicular sandstone, 75 feet; lithographic limestone, 12.5 feet. Hamilton group: Blue shales, 40 feet; semi-crystalline limestone, 107 feet; Onondaga limestone, Oriskany sandstone.
13
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
VI. Silurian .- Upper silurian: Lower Helderberg, 350 feet; Niagara group, 200 feet; Cape Girardeau limestone, 60 feet. Lower silurian: Hudson River group, 220 feet; Trenton limestone, 350 feet; Black River and Birdseye limestone, 75 feet; first magnesian limestone, 200 feet; saccharoidal sandstone, 125 feet; second magnesian limestone, 230 feet; second sand- stone, 115 feet; third magnesian limestone, 350 feet; third sand- stone, 60 feet; fourth magnesian limestone, 300 feet.
VII. Azoic Rocks.
The Quaternary rocks, the most recent of all the formations, contain the entire geological record of all the cycles from the end of the Tertiary period to the present time; and their economical value is also greater than that of all the other formations com- bined. This system comprises the drift and all the deposits above it. There are, within the system, four distinct and strongly defined formations in the State, namely: Alluvium, bottom prairie, bluff and drift.
SOILS.
Soils are a compound of pulverized and decomposed mineral substances, mingled with decayed vegetable and animal re- mains, and containing all the ingredients necessary to the sus- tenance of the vegetable kingdom. The soils of Missouri have been produced by the mixing of organic matter with the pulver- ized marls, clays and sands of the Quaternary deposits which are found in great abundance in nearly all parts of the State, and are of material best designed for their rapid formation. For this cause the soils of the State are marvelously deep and pro- ductive, except in a few localities where the materials of the Qua- ternary strata are very coarse, or entirely wanting.
CLAYS.
Clays are dark, bluish-gray strata, more or less mixed with particles of flint, limestone and decomposed organic matter. When the floods of the Mississippi and the Missouri subside, lagoons, sloughs and lakes are left full of turbid water. The coarser substances soon subside into a stratum of sand, but the finer particles settle more slowly and form the silico-calcareous
14
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
clays of the alluvial bottom. Thus, after each flood, strata of sand and clay are deposited, until the lakes and lagoons are filled up.
Then a stratum of humus, or decayed vegetable matter, is formed by the decomposition of the annual growth and of the foreign matter which falls into the water, and every succeeding crop of vegetation adds another such stratum. Thus are rapidly formed thick beds of vegetable mold, yielding support to the magnificent forest trees which grow upon the sites of those ancient lakes and morasses. In this manner have been formed the vast, alluvial plains bordering upon the Missouri and Missis- sippi Rivers, which comprise about 4,000,000 acres of land, based upon these strata of sand, clays, marls and humus. The soil formed upon these alluvial beds is deep, rich and light almost beyond comparison, and is constantly increasing by the filling up of lakes and sloughs as above described.
THE BLUFF OR LOESS.
This occurs in the Missouri bluffs forming a belt of several miles in width, extending from the mouth of the Missouri to the northwest corner of the State, where it is found just beneath the soil, and also in the bluffs of the Mississippi from Dubuque to the mouth of the Ohio. Thus while the bottom prairie occupies a higher geological horizon, the bluff is usually several hundred feet above it topographically. The latter is generally a finely comminuted, siliceous marl, of a light, brown color, and often weathers into perpendicular escarpments. Concretions of lime- stone are often found, and to the marly character of these clays may be ascribed the richness of the overlying soil. It is to this formation that the Central Mississippi and Southern Missouri valleys owe their superiority in agriculture. Where it is best developed in Western Missouri the soil is equal to any in the country.
DRIFT.
This formation exists throughout Northern Missouri. The upper members consist of stiff, tenacious, brown, drab and blue clays, often mottled and sometimes containing rounded pebbles,
15
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
chiefly of granite rocks. The lower division includes beds of dark blue clay, often hardening on exposure, frequently overlaid and sometimes interstratified with beds and pockets of sand, sometimes inclosing leaves and remains of trees. Good springs originate in these sand beds, and when they are ferruginous the springs are chalybeate.
TERTIARY SYSTEM.
There is a formation made up of clays, shales, iron ores, sandstone, and a variety of fine and coarse sand, extending along the bluffs, and skirting the bottoms, from Commerce, in Scott County, westward to Stoddard, and thence south to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas.
The iron ore of these beds is very abundant, and exceedingly valuable. The spathic ore has been found in no other locality in Southeastern Missouri, so that the large quantity and excel- lent quality of these beds will render them very valuable for the various purposes to which this ore is peculiarly adapted.
The white sand of these beds is available for glass making, and for the composition of mortars and cements. The clays are well adapted to the manufacture of pottery and stoneware.
CRETACEOUS ROCKS.
These strata are very much disturbed, fractured, upheaved and tilted, so as to form various faults and axes, anticlinal and synclinal; while the strata, above described as tertiary, are in their natural position, and rest nonconformably upon these beds. In these so called cretaceous rocks no fossils have been observed.
CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS.
This system presents two important divisions: The upper carboniferous, or coal measures; and the lower carboniferous or mountain limestone.
The coal measures, as seen by the table, are composed of nu- merous strata of sandstone, limestone, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores and coals. About 2,000 feet of these coal measures have been found to contain numerous beds of iron ore, and at least eight or ten beds of good, workable coal. Investigation shows
16
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
a greater downward thickness of the coal formation in Southwest Missouri, including beds whose position is probably below those of the northern part of the State. These rocks, with the accom- panying beds of coal and iron, cover an area of more than 27,000 square miles in Missouri alone.
The geological map of the State shows that if a line were roughly drawn from Clark County on the northeast to Jasper County in the southwest, most of the counties northwest of this line, together with Audrain, Howard and Boone, would be included in the coal measure. There are also extensive coal beds in Cole, Moniteau, St. Charles, St. Louis and Callaway Counties.
The Missouri coal basin is one of the largest in the world, including besides the 27,000 square miles in Missouri, 10,000 in Nebraska; 12,000 in Kansas; 20,000 in Iowa, and 30,000 in Illi- nois ; making a total of about 100,000 square miles.
The fossils of the coal measure are numerous, and distinct from those of any other formation. This latter fact has led to the discovery of the existence of coal measures and the coal beds contained in them, over an area of many thousand miles, where it had been supposed that no coal measures and no coal existed.
Of the lower carboniferous rocks, the upper Archimedes lime- stone is developed in Ste. Genevieve County.
The ferruginous sandstone is generally found along the eastern and southern limit of the coal fields, passing beneath the coal formation on the west. It varies from a few feet to 100 feet in thickness. In Callaway it occurs both as a pure white sand- stone, a ferruginous sandstone, and a conglomerate. In Pettis and Howard Counties we find it a coarse, whitish sandstone. In Cedar, Dade and Lawrence a very ferruginous sandstone, often containing valuable deposits of iron ore. In Newton County it occurs in useful flaglike layers.
The St. Louis limestone, next in descending order, forms the entire group of limestone at St. Louis, where it is well marked and of greater thickness than seen elsewhere in this State. It is more often fine grained, compact or sub-crystalline, sometimes inclosing numerous chert concretions, and the beds are often separated by thin, green shale beds.
Its stratigraphical position is between the ferruginous sand-
17
HISTORY OF MISSOURI.
stone and the Archimedes limestone, as seen near the Des Moines, and near the first tunnel on the Pacific Railroad. It is found in Clark and Lewis Counties, but, as has been said, attains its greatest development at St. Louis-hence its name.
The most characteristic fossils yet described are palæchinus multipora, lithostrotion canadense, Echinocrinus nerei, Poterio- erinus longidactylus and Atrypa lingulata.
The lower Archimides limestone includes the "arenaceous bed," the " Warsaw or second Archimedes limestone," the mag- nesian limestone, the " Geode bed," the " Keokuk or lower Archim- edes limestone " of Prof. Hall's section, and the lead-bearing rocks of Southwestern Missouri; which last, though different from any of the above beds, are more nearly allied to them than to the encrinital limestone below. All of the above beds are easily recognized in Missouri, except, perhaps, the Warsaw limestone, which is but imperfectly represented in our north- eastern counties, where the "Keokuk limestone," the "Geode beds," and the magnesian limestone are well developed.
This formation extends from the northeastern part of the State to the southwest, in an irregular belt, skirting the eastern border of the ferruginous sandstone. The extensive and rich lead deposits of Southwestern Missouri are partly in this forma- tion, these mines occupying an area of more than one hundred square miles, in Jasper, Newton, and the adjoining counties.
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